CN115421441A - Chamfering finish machining cutter shaft vector construction method for semi-open impeller blade - Google Patents

Chamfering finish machining cutter shaft vector construction method for semi-open impeller blade Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115421441A
CN115421441A CN202211122181.6A CN202211122181A CN115421441A CN 115421441 A CN115421441 A CN 115421441A CN 202211122181 A CN202211122181 A CN 202211122181A CN 115421441 A CN115421441 A CN 115421441A
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cutter
blade
boundary line
vector
impeller
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杨润强
陈奕昕
赵亮
唐文李
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Xi'an Jingdiao Software Technology Co ltd
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Xi'an Jingdiao Software Technology Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35349—Display part, programmed locus and tool path, traject, dynamic locus

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Abstract

A chamfering finish machining cutter shaft vector construction method for semi-open impeller blades comprises the following steps: 1) Determining a cutter for fine machining and chamfer finish machining of the blade of the impeller to be machined according to the size of the impeller to be machined; 2) Extracting two boundary lines of the blade and respectively breaking the two boundary lines into three sections to be used as reference curves for constructing cutter shaft vectors; 3) A reference curve of an extended configuration; 4) And constructing the cutter shaft vector of any path point according to the reference curve. Compared with the prior art, the five-axis path cutter shaft for blade and chamfer finish machining constructed by the invention can reduce the possibility of interference and over-cutting of the cutter shaft vectors of the blade and chamfer finish machining path to a certain extent, and the cutter shaft of the cut-in path and the cut-out path is smooth in transition, so that the possibility of manually adjusting the cutter shaft vectors can be effectively reduced, the occurrence of flutter spring cutters is reduced, and the fault tolerance rate of path programming and the impeller machining effect are improved.

Description

Chamfering finish machining cutter shaft vector construction method for semi-open impeller blade
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of impeller machining, and particularly relates to a chamfering finish machining cutter shaft vector construction method for semi-open impeller blades.
Background
The impeller is widely applied to important fields of aerospace, automobile industry and the like, and gradually tends to a production mode of multiple varieties, medium and small batches. The impeller parts have complex curved surfaces and high processing difficulty, and the realization of micron-sized finish machining of the parts is one of the important embodying modes of the core competitiveness of the current precision manufacturing enterprises.
At present, the blade of the impeller and the cutter shaft vector of the chamfer finish machining path generally use the hub surface and the cladding surface of the impeller as reference curved surfaces or construct the cutter shaft vector in a mode of being perpendicular to the axial direction of the impeller, and then the cutter shaft vector of the path point is adjusted one by one according to the interference and over-cut conditions. The way of constructing the cutter axis vector thus easily causes three problems: firstly, when the cutter shaft vector is constructed by adopting the reference curved surface, particularly the variable-chamfer impeller, the interference between a cutter handle and a part to be machined and a jig of the part to be machined is very easy to occur, sometimes even the overtravel of a machine tool is caused, and the use of a five-axis numerical control machine tool is seriously restricted; secondly, when the cutter shaft is unreasonably constructed, the cutter shaft on the cutting-in and cutting-out part path of the cutter changes violently, so that chatter vibration is easily caused to generate vibration lines on the finish machining curved surface, and even the cutter is flicked to perform over-cutting; thirdly, when a large number of path points of over-cutting and interference exist in the cutter shaft direction, engineering personnel are often required to frequently and manually adjust the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the cutter shaft vector to avoid the problems, and the path programming efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for constructing a chamfer finishing cutter shaft vector of a semi-open type impeller blade, so as to solve one or more technical problems.
A chamfering finish machining cutter shaft vector construction method for semi-open impeller blades comprises the following steps:
1) Determining a cutter for finish machining and chamfer finish machining of the blade of the impeller to be machined according to the size of the impeller to be machined;
2) Extracting two boundary lines of the blade and respectively breaking the two boundary lines into three sections to be used as reference curves for constructing cutter shaft vectors;
3) A reference curve of an extended configuration;
4) And constructing the cutter shaft vector of any path point according to the reference curve.
Compared with the prior art, the five-axis path cutter shaft for blade and chamfer finish machining constructed by the invention can reduce the possibility of interference and over-cutting of the cutter shaft vectors of the blade and chamfer finish machining path to a certain extent, and the cutter shaft of the cut-in path and the cut-out path is smooth in transition, so that the possibility of manually adjusting the cutter shaft vectors can be effectively reduced, the occurrence of flutter spring cutters is reduced, and the fault tolerance rate of path programming and the impeller machining effect are improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a reference curve of an arbor vector constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention with a reference curve broken into three segments;
fig. 5-6 are schematic views of the finally constructed knife axis vector of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order that the present disclosure may be more fully understood and fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. While the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
A chamfering finish machining cutter shaft vector construction method for semi-open impeller blades comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a cutter for finish machining and chamfer finish machining of a blade of an impeller to be machined according to the size of the impeller to be machined, wherein the cutter specifically comprises the type of the cutter and the radius of the cutterRAnd tool cone angleα。
And S2, extracting two boundary lines of the blade and respectively breaking the two boundary lines into three sections to be used as reference curves for constructing the cutter axis vectors. The step S2 specifically includes:
normative blade curved surface parameter equationS(u,v) In (1)u、vDirection and taking the curved surface of the bladeS(u,v) The two boundary lines of the blade can be obtainedL A 、L B In whichL A Indicating a boundary line near the cladding side,L B showing the boundary line near the hub face. Any point on the boundary linePCan be determined by the arc length parametertAnd (6) obtaining. Meanwhile, the rotating shaft of the impeller is defined as a z-axis, the direction of the trailing edge pointing to the leading edge is defined as the positive direction of the z-axis, and the flowing direction of all boundary lines is specified to be clockwise flowing under the coordinate system.
Boundary line according to curved surface characteristics of bladeL A 、L B The breaking is performed so as to preserve to the maximum the characteristics of the boundary line of the curved surface of the blade, in particular the boundary line of the portion of the leading edge surface where the curve changes drastically. The 2 breaking modes are divided according to whether the blade model is a complete blade, and specifically comprise a mode of breaking by the vertex of the leading edge surface and a mode of breaking by the corner. The mode of breaking the front edge surface vertex is characterized in that: when the blade curved surface consists of two blades and a front edge surface, 4 vertexes of the front edge surface are used for solving a breaking point. The corner breaking mode is characterized in that: when the blade curved surface is a complete curved surface, points on the boundary line are traversed with certain precision, and a breaking point is obtained through an included angle of tangent vectors of two adjacent points. Finally, a set consisting of points meeting the conditions can be obtained after traversal is finishedNSelectingNMiddle arc length parametertThe minimum and maximum points are the points required to break the boundary line.
Finally, all the boundary lines after the standard breaking flow clockwise, and the parameter values of the two breaking points of the boundary line with the longest length before the breaking are recorded and recordedP T =｛t 1 ,t 2 ｝。
And S3, extending the constructed reference curve. Step S3 specifically includes:
and (3) quantitatively extending the two boundary lines at the rear edge in the step (S2). The specific requirement of the extension is that the direction vectors formed by the starting point and the end point of the two boundary lines are required to be in the range of [45 degrees, 60 degrees ] from the rotating shaft of the impeller.
And S4, constructing an arbor vector of any path point according to the reference curve. Step S4 specifically includes: the order of canonical path points is likewise clockwise flow. For the fine machining of the blade and the fine machining of the chamfer, the specific cutter shaft vector construction method comprises the following steps: breaking point as described in step S2P T As a standard, in the arc length parameter interval 0,t 1 ]and selecting direction vectors formed by points with the same arc length parameters on the corresponding boundary lines as initial cutter shaft vectors, wherein the rest paths are the same. After the initial vectors of the cutter shafts of all path points are obtained, the cutter shaft vectors of all path points rotate by taking tangent vectors of the path points as rotating shafts, and therefore interference is avoided. Since the path flow is normalized to be clockwise, the final cutter shaft vector can be obtained by rotating the cutter cone angle to- (alpha +3 degrees).
Example 1
The technical solution of the present invention will be fully and clearly described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the present invention.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a typical semi-open variable-chamfer impeller shown in fig. 2 is provided, in which each blade to be processed comprises 2 blade curved surfaces and a leading edge surface connecting the two curved surfaces of the blade, and a chamfer curved surface formed by the transition of the blade curved surface, the leading edge surface and a hub surface, and the radius of curvature of the chamfer curved surface is varied.
The cutter shaft vector construction method comprises the following steps:
1. determining a machining tool
According to the relevant size of the impeller, a taper ball-end cutter with the radius of 1mm, the taper of 8 degrees and the edge length of 10mm is adopted for fine machining of the blade and chamfer.
2. Constructing a cutter axis vector reference curve
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the arbor vector of any blade and chamfer finishing path is constructed according to the parameter equation of the curved surface S (u, v) of the blade:
Figure 237114DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
whereinu，vIs the parameter of the curved surface of the blade,x、y、zdefining parameters for their corresponding spatial coordinatesvThe parameters of the impeller cladding surface pointing to the direction of the hub surface,uis prepared by reacting withvParameters in the opposite direction. Respectively orderv=0，v=1 two boundary curves of the available blade, which are recorded asL A 、L B WhereinL A Representing the boundary curve near the cladding side,L B showing a boundary curve close to the hub face, andL A 、L B upper arbitrary pointPCan be determined by the arc length parametertObtaining, i.e.P(x,y,z)=L(t) Whereinx、y、zIs a coordinate in space, and is a coordinate in space,tas the parameter(s) is (are),t∈[0,1]，Lis an arbitrary curve. Meanwhile, the rotating shaft of the impeller is defined as a z-axis, the direction of the rear edge pointing to the front edge is defined as the positive direction of the z-axis, and the flowing direction of all boundary lines needs to be specified as clockwise flowing under the coordinate system so as to ensure the smoothness of a follow-up constructed cutter shaft. The specific method comprises the following steps: selecting a splineLThe head and the tail points are projected on an XOY plane under the current coordinate system, and vectors in two directions are obtained after normalizationP 1 (x,y,0)、P 2 (x,y0), cross multiplicationP 1 、P 2 To obtainP 3 (x,y,z) When is coming into contact withP 3 When the z coordinate of the curve is larger than 0, the curve is in anticlockwise flow, the direction of the curve needs to be reversed, otherwise, the curve is in clockwise flow, and the curve meets the specification.
According to the curved surface characteristics of the blade, dividing the boundary curveL A 、L B And performing interruption. The necessity of breaking the boundary curve is to ensure that the construction of the subsequent cutter axis vectors refers to the accurate blade curved surface, especially the characteristic of the severely changed leading edge surface. If not, following the curveLength increment by arc length parametertThe error between the obtained point and the actual point on the curve is larger and larger, so that the knife axis vectors near the front edge surface and other areas with larger blade distortion have serious interference. According to whether the blade model is a complete blade, 2 breaking modes are provided, specifically including a mode of breaking by the vertex of the leading edge surface and a mode of breaking by the corner. The blade model of the embodiment is composed of a blade curved surface and a leading edge surface, and is characterized in that the mode of breaking the vertex of the leading edge surface is as follows: when the blade curved surface consists of two blades and a front edge surface, the boundary line of the obtained boundary line and the actual blade curved surface has a certain error, so that 4 vertexes of the front edge surface are takenV i (x,y,z)，i=4, traversing sample lines with the precision of step length of 0.01mm to 0.02mmLPoint ofP L SelectingP L And vertexV i Is the point that breaks the boundary line. If the blade model is a whole, the method is characterized in that the mode of corner breaking is as follows: traversing the boundary line with a step size of 0.01mmLWhen the included angle of the tangent vectors of two adjacent points is less than 2 degrees, the tangent vectors can be obtained by methods such as a direction vector formed by the two adjacent points. Set of points satisfying the condition after completing traversalNSelectingNMiddle arc length parametertThe minimum and maximum points are the points required to break the boundary line.
The broken boundary line is recorded asL A1 、L A2 、L A3 ，L B1 、L B2 、L B3 Where subscript a denotes the boundary line near the cladding face, subscript B denotes the boundary line near the cladding face, subscript 1, 3 denotes the boundary line at the blade, and subscript 2 denotes the boundary line at the leading edge face. Meanwhile, the border line which needs to be checked and standardized after being broken also flows clockwise, and the specific method comprises the following steps: at the already-defined boundary lineLOn the basis of clockwise specification, the z value of the space coordinate of a point on a boundary line with the subscript of 1 is monotonically increased; value of z, a space coordinate of a point on a boundary line with an index of 3Is monotonically decreasing; boundary line with subscript 2 and the above-mentioned opposite boundary lineLThe method is consistent.
After the boundary line is broken, the breaking point parameter value corresponding to the curve with the longest boundary line length is recorded and recorded asP T =｛t 1 ,t 2 ｝。
3. Extended boundary line
In order to reduce the variation of the knife axis vector during cutting in and cutting out of the path and achieve the purpose of smoothing the knife axis, the boundary line described in step 2 needs to be usedL A1 Parameter at arc lengthtBoundary line at =0L A3 Parameter at arc lengthtExtension at = 1. The specific extension mode is as follows: taking the boundary line of step 1L A1 、L B1 Parameter at arc lengthtPoint at =0, component direction vectorAB 1 . In the same way, getL A3 、L B3 Parameter at arc lengthtThe point at =1 constitutes a direction vectorAB 2 . ObtainingAB 1 、AB 2 Included angle with z-axisθIf, ifθ∈[45゜,60゜]No extension is necessary, otherwise to the boundary lineL A1 Boundary lineL A3 Respectively at arc length parametert=1、tThe vector cutting direction at position =0 is extended, and the specific extending method is as follows: defining the minimum extension length as 0 and the maximum extension length as the boundary lineL A 、L B The absolute value of the difference between the lengths is iterated by using a bisection method, and the termination condition is the included angleθ∈[45゜,60゜]。
4. Constructing cutter shaft vector of any path point according to reference curve
The order of the normalized path points is also clockwise flowing, and the method is normalized with the step 2L A 、L B In a consistent manner. For the paths of blade finish machining and chamfer finish machining, the specific cutter shaft vector construction method comprises the following steps: breaking point as described in step 2P T As a standard, in the arc length parameter interval [0,t 1 ]of the path points of (1), selectingBoundary lineL A1 、L B1 And a direction vector formed by points with the same upper arc length parameter is used as an initial cutter axis vector. Similarly, it is located in the arc length parameter intervalt 1 ,t 2 ]、[t 2 ,0]Selecting a boundary lineL A2 、L B2 AndL A3 、L B3 and a direction vector formed by two points with the same upper arc length parameter is used as an initial cutter shaft vector.
After obtaining the arbor initial vectors of all path points, the vectors are substantially fitted to the blade curved surface, and all the arbor vectors need to be adjusted slightly away from the blade curved surface to avoid interference. With this path point tangent as the rotation axis, the path flow direction is also specified to be clockwise, and therefore, by rotating the tool taper angle by- (α + 3) °, the final arbor vector (2 paths as an example) as shown in fig. 5 can be obtained. It should be noted that, due to the different shapes of the impeller parts, the knife axis vector constructed by the present invention may still interfere with the individual path points. For such a situation, on the basis of the cutter axis vector constructed by the present invention, other technologies, such as a cutter axis avoiding technology, a cutter axis smoothing technology, a cutter over-cut inspection technology, etc., need to be matched to obtain a cutter axis vector which can finally achieve the processing purpose.
The invention relates to a chamfering finish machining cutter shaft vector construction method of a semi-open impeller blade, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, a mode of constructing a cutter shaft through a segmented reference curve, particularly for the cutter shaft of a path near a front edge surface with violent change, the cutter shaft direction can be constructed to the greatest extent according to the curve change characteristics of the blade;
secondly, quantitative extension of the reference curve can ensure uniform and smooth change of the cutter shaft vector of the path point in the cutting-in and cutting-out process of the cutter, and reduce the possibility of cutter vibration;
finally, the path direction is normalized to be consistent with the reference curve, so that the consistency of the cutter shaft vector when the cutter shaft vector is adjusted along the path point tangent vector direction is ensured, and the possibility of interference and over-cutting is reduced to a certain degree.
The cutter shaft constructed by the method has simple calculation logic and small calculation amount, the constructed cutter shaft vector basically does not generate the conditions of interference and flutter, the trial and error time of engineering personnel for the cutter shaft in the path editing stage is reduced, and the method has good practical value.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A chamfering finish machining cutter shaft vector construction method of a semi-open impeller blade is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Determining a cutter for fine machining and chamfer finish machining of the blade of the impeller to be machined according to the size of the impeller to be machined;
2) Extracting two boundary lines of the blade and respectively breaking the two boundary lines into three sections to be used as reference curves for constructing cutter shaft vectors;
3) A reference curve of an extended configuration;
4) And constructing the cutter shaft vector of any path point according to the reference curve.
2. The method for constructing chamfering finishing cutter-axis vector of semi-open type impeller blade according to claim 1, wherein the step 1), the cutter comprises cutter type, cutter diameterRAnd tool cone angleα。
3. The method for constructing chamfering finish machining cutter-axis vectors of semi-open impeller blades according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), two boundary curves of the blades are extractedL A 、L B WhereinL A Representing the boundary curve near the cladding side,L B a boundary curve near the hub face; meanwhile, the rotation axis of the impeller is defined as a z-axis, the direction of the trailing edge pointing to the leading edge is the positive direction of the z-axis, and the flowing direction of all boundary lines is specified to be clockwise flowing under the coordinate system: selecting a splineLIs projected at the first and last pointsAnd (3) carrying out cross multiplication on vectors in two directions obtained after normalization on an XOY plane under the current coordinate system, wherein when the z coordinate of the obtained vector is greater than 0, the curve flows anticlockwise, the direction of the curve needs to be reversed, and otherwise, the curve flows clockwise.
4. The method for constructing chamfering finishing cutter-axis vectors of semi-open type impeller blades according to claim 3, wherein the boundary curve is curved according to the curved surface characteristics of the bladeL A 、L B And performing interruption, wherein 2 interruption modes are provided according to whether the blade model is a complete blade, and specifically include a mode of interrupting the vertex of the leading edge surface and a mode of interrupting the blade by a corner.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the manner of the break of the vertex of the leading edge surface is that if the blade model is composed of two blades and a leading edge surface connecting the two blades, the boundary line obtained has a certain error with the boundary line of the actual blade curved surface, so that the 4 vertices of the leading edge surface are taken to traverse the sample line with a certain precisionLAnd selecting the point with the smallest distance from the vertex as the point breaking the boundary line.
6. The method for constructing the chamfer finishing cutter-axis vector of the semi-open impeller blade according to claim 4, characterized in that: the mode of breaking the corner is that if the blade model is a whole, the boundary line is traversed with certain precisionLWhen the included angle of the tangent vectors of two adjacent points is less than 2 degrees, recording, wherein the tangent vectors can be obtained by the direction vectors formed by the two adjacent points; and after traversing is completed, a set consisting of points meeting the conditions can be obtained, and the points with the minimum and maximum arc length parameters in the set are selected as the points required for breaking the boundary line.
7. The method for constructing chamfering finish machining cutter-axis vectors of semi-open impeller blades according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2), broken boundary lines are recorded asL A1 、L A2 、L A3 ，L B1 、L B2 、L B3 Wherein the subscript a indicates the boundary line near the cladding face, the subscript B indicates the boundary line near the cladding face, the subscripts 1, 3 indicate the boundary lines at the blade, and the subscript 2 indicates the boundary line at the leading edge face;
meanwhile, the border line after the inspection and specification breaking also flows clockwise, and the method comprises the following steps: after a boundary line is metLOn the basis of clockwise specification, the z value of the space coordinate of a point on a boundary line with the subscript of 1 is monotonically increased; the value of the space coordinate z of a point on the boundary line with the subscript of 3 is monotonously reduced; boundary line with subscript 2 and the above-mentioned opposite boundary lineLThe method is consistent; after the boundary line is broken, recording the breaking point parameter value corresponding to the curve with the longest boundary line length, and recording the breaking point parameter value asP T =｛t 1 ,t 2 ｝。
8. The method for constructing chamfering finishing cutter-axis vector of semi-open type impeller blade according to claim 1, wherein the step 3), the boundary lineL A1 Parameter at arc lengthtBoundary line at =0L A3 Parameter at arc lengthtThe position of the impeller is extended by =1, and after extension, the included angle between the direction vector formed by the starting point and the end point of the two boundary lines and the rotating shaft of the impeller is [45 degrees ], 60 degrees DEG]Within the range.
9. The method for constructing the chamfering finishing cutter-axis vector of the semi-open type impeller blade according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the cutter-axis vector of any path point is constructed according to the reference curve, and firstly, the order of the path points is normalized and also flows clockwise.
10. The method for constructing the chamfering finish-machining cutter-axis vector of the semi-open impeller blade according to claim 9, wherein for a blade finish-machining and chamfering finish-machining path, the method for constructing the cutter-axis vector comprises the following steps:
at the breaking pointP T As a standard, in the arc length parameter interval [0,t 1 ]selecting a boundary lineL A1 、L B1 The direction vector formed by points with the same upper arc length parameter is used as an initial cutter shaft vector; in the arc length parameter intervalt 1 ,t 2 ]、[t 2 ,0]Selecting a boundary lineL A2 、L B2 AndL A3 、L B3 a direction vector formed by two points with the same upper arc length parameter is used as an initial cutter axis vector; and finally, rotating the cutter shaft vectors of all path points by taking the tangent vector of the path point as a rotating shaft in the negative direction by the angle of the taper angle of the cutter, and continuously rotating by 3 degrees.
CN202211122181.6A 2022-09-15 2022-09-15 Chamfering finish machining cutter shaft vector construction method for semi-open impeller blade Pending CN115421441A (en)

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