CN115420599A - Method for detecting structural material composition phase structure strength based on pulse laser shock wave - Google Patents

Method for detecting structural material composition phase structure strength based on pulse laser shock wave Download PDF

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CN115420599A
CN115420599A CN202210939627.8A CN202210939627A CN115420599A CN 115420599 A CN115420599 A CN 115420599A CN 202210939627 A CN202210939627 A CN 202210939627A CN 115420599 A CN115420599 A CN 115420599A
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卢国鑫
张永康
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Guangdong Leiben Laser Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a structural material composition phase structure strength detection method based on pulse laser shock waves, which comprises the steps of determining a composition phase of a material to be detected, carrying out pulse laser shock treatment on the material to be detected, measuring and calculating the plastic deformation depth of each composition phase in a laser shock region, and establishing the ratio of mechanical property strength of different composition phases; performing a room temperature tensile test on the material to be detected to obtain the room temperature mechanical property strength of the material to be detected; acquiring the area ratio of each composition phase of a material to be detected in an observation area with a certain area; and establishing a simultaneous equation of mathematical relationship to obtain the micromechanical properties of each composition phase. The method of the invention takes the macroscopic mechanical property of the material as the data basis, represents the mechanical strength of the microstructure by the non-contact free plastic deformation degree, and realizes the detection of the microscopic mechanical property of the microscopic phase composition in the metal structural material by the direct correspondence of the macroscopic expression and the microscopic property of the structural material.

Description

Method for detecting structural material composition phase structure strength based on pulse laser shock wave
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material strength detection, in particular to a method for detecting the strength of a structural material composition phase structure based on pulse laser shock wave.
Background
Metallic structural materials typically have a complex phase composition, with metallic materials of different phase compositions possessing different macroscopic mechanical properties. If the mechanical properties of different microcosmic composition phases are obtained and then different combinations are carried out by adopting a mathematical recombination mode, application materials with different macroscopic mechanical property expressions are expected to be obtained. However, no test means with high application value is available at present for the mechanical properties of different composition phases in the metal structure material. The existing nano indentation test mode directly tests the mechanical properties of the tiny components of the metal structure material, but the nano hardness of the tiny local area of the material is not directly related to the overall macroscopic mechanical performance of the material. How to detect the micromechanical property of the microstructure composition in the metal structure material and make the obtained micromechanical property have a decisive role in the macroscopic property design of the material, which becomes a problem to be solved by technical personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the structural material composition phase structure strength based on pulse laser shock waves.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for detecting the structural material composition phase structure strength based on the pulse laser shock wave comprises the following steps:
step S10: determining the composition phase of a material to be detected, performing pulse laser shock treatment on the material to be detected, measuring and calculating the plastic deformation depth of each composition phase in a laser shock region, and establishing the ratio of the mechanical performance strength of different composition phases based on the plastic deformation depth ratio of each composition phase;
step S20: performing a room temperature tensile test on the material to be detected to obtain the room temperature mechanical property strength of the material to be detected;
step S30: acquiring the area ratio of each composition phase of a material to be detected in an observation area with a certain area;
step S40: and establishing a simultaneous equation of mathematical relationship according to the mechanical property strength ratio of different composition phases of the material, the room-temperature mechanical property strength of the material to be detected and the area ratio of each composition phase of the material to be detected to obtain the micromechanical property of each composition phase.
Preferably, step S10 specifically includes:
step S11: determining the internal composition phases of the material to be detected and the area of each composition phase by a measuring instrument;
step S12: adjusting the irradiation area of the laser beam according to the area size of the different composition phases, and performing laser shock on the material to be detected to enable the surface of the material to be detected to generate plastic deformation;
step S13: observing the surface of the material to be detected, and selecting laser impact regions with consistent area proportions in different composition phases as observation objects;
step S14: representing the observation object through three-dimensional state detection equipment, and measuring and calculating the plastic deformation depth of each composition phase in the observation object;
step S15: the strength ratio of the mechanical properties of the different constituent phases is established based on the ratio of the plastic deformation depths.
Preferably, in step S12, when all the constituent phases are in a continuous distribution state, the size of the irradiation area of the laser beam is adjusted to be able to cover all the constituent phases at the same time; when the composition phase contains a dispersed particle precipitated phase, the size of the laser beam irradiation area is adjusted to be 1.6-1.9 times of the particle precipitated phase area.
Preferably, in step S11, the areas of the different composition phases in the material to be detected are all larger than 50 μm 2 。
Preferably, in step S12, the area ratios of the regions having 3 or more different composition phases in the region where the material to be detected is laser-impinged are uniform.
Preferably, in step S15, the reciprocal of the ratio of the plastic deformation depth of the different composition phases is determined as the mechanical property strength ratio of the different composition phases.
Preferably, in step S20, the room-temperature mechanical property strength is yield strength or tensile strength.
Preferably, in step S30, the number of different composition phases in the observation region is not less than 10.
Preferably, in step S40, if the composition phases of the material to be detected include an α phase and a β phase, the ratio of the mechanical strength of the α phase to the mechanical strength of the β phase is obtained as a: b. the room temperature mechanical property strength of the material to be detected is M, the ratio of the area of alpha phase and beta phase to the total area is c% and d%, the micro mechanical properties of the alpha phase and the beta phase are ax and bx, respectively, and the established simultaneous equation of the mathematical relationship is c% (ax) + d% (bx) = M, so that the micro mechanical properties of the alpha phase and the beta phase based on the room temperature mechanical property strength can be obtained.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method of the invention takes the macroscopic mechanical property of the material as the data basis, represents the mechanical strength of the microstructure by the non-contact free plastic deformation degree, and realizes the detection of the microscopic mechanical property of the microscopic phase composition in the metal structural material by the direct correspondence of the macroscopic expression and the microscopic property of the structural material.
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The drawings are further illustrative of the invention and the content of the drawings does not constitute any limitation of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Example 1
In this embodiment, with reference to fig. 1, a method for detecting structural material composition phase structure strength based on pulse laser shock wave includes the following steps:
step S10: determining the composition phase of a material to be detected, performing pulse laser shock treatment on the material to be detected, measuring and calculating the plastic deformation depth of each composition phase in a laser shock region, and establishing the ratio of the mechanical performance strength of different composition phases based on the plastic deformation depth ratio of each composition phase;
step S20: carrying out room temperature tensile test on the material to be detected, wherein the test process is carried out according to the national standard of the metal material room temperature tensile test method, and obtaining the room temperature mechanical property strength of the material to be detected;
step S30: acquiring the area ratio of each composition phase of a material to be detected in an observation area with a certain area;
step S40: and establishing a simultaneous equation of mathematical relationship according to the mechanical property strength ratio of different composition phases of the material, the room-temperature mechanical property strength of the material to be detected and the area ratio of each composition phase of the material to be detected to obtain the micromechanical property of each composition phase.
By carrying out laser impact on the material to be detected, macroscopic pits with different depths are formed on the surface of the material under the action of laser impact waves, the difference in the intensities of different composition phases at the bottoms of the macroscopic pits causes the difference in the heights of different phase tissue regions to generate microscopic fluctuation, and the determination and calculation of the micromechanical intensities of different composition phases based on the height ratios of different phase tissues under different laser impact acting forces are realized.
Therefore, the method of the embodiment takes the macroscopic mechanical properties of the material as the data basis, represents the mechanical strength of the microstructure by the non-contact free plastic deformation degree, and realizes the detection of the microscopic mechanical properties of the microscopic phase composition in the metal structure material through the direct correspondence between the macroscopic expression and the microscopic properties of the structure material.
Preferably, step S10 specifically includes:
step S11: determining the internal composition phases of the material to be detected and the area of each composition phase by using a scanning electron microscope or a metallographic microscope and other measuring instruments;
step S12: adjusting the irradiation area of the laser beam according to the area size of the different composition phases, and performing laser impact on the material to be detected to enable the surface of the material to be detected to generate plastic deformation;
step S13: observing the surface of the material to be detected, and selecting laser impact regions with consistent area ratios in different composition phases as observation objects;
step S14: representing the observation object by adopting three-dimensional state detection equipment such as a white light interferometer and the like, and measuring and calculating the plastic deformation depth of each composition phase in the observation object;
step S15: the strength ratio of the mechanical properties of the different constituent phases is established based on the ratio of the plastic deformation depths.
If the number of the different composition phases of the metal material is more than two, the strength ratio of the different composition phases can be obtained by pairwise comparison. For example: the metal material composition phase comprises an alpha phase, a beta phase and a gamma phase, the strength proportion of the alpha phase to the beta phase and the strength proportion of the beta phase to the gamma phase can be respectively obtained through quantitative comparison of the plastic deformation degree, and the integral proportion of the strength of the alpha phase, the strength proportion of the beta phase to the strength proportion of the gamma phase is finally established.
Therefore, through laser impact on the material to be detected, macroscopic pits with different depths are formed on the surface of the material to be detected, the difference in the strengths of different composition phases at the bottoms of the macroscopic pits causes the difference in the heights of different phase tissue regions, and the micro-mechanical strengths of different composition phases are judged and calculated according to the height ratios of different phase tissues.
Further, in step S12, when all the constituent phases are in a continuous distribution state, the size of the irradiation area of the laser beam is adjusted to be able to cover all the constituent phases at the same time; when the composition phase contains dispersed particle precipitated phase, the size of the laser beam irradiation area is adjusted to 1.6-1.9 times of the particle precipitated phase area. Thus ensuring that the area ratio of two different composition phases of the material to be detected is about 1:1.
preferably, in step S11, the areas of the different composition phases inside the material to be detected are all larger than 50 μm under the restriction of the focusing area of the pulse laser beam 2 。
Preferably, in step S12, the area ratios of the regions having 3 or more different composition phases in the region where the material to be detected is laser-impinged are uniform. The accuracy of detection is guaranteed.
Preferably, in step S15, the reciprocal of the ratio of the plastic deformation depth of the different composition phases is determined as the mechanical property strength ratio of the different composition phases.
Preferably, in step S20, the room-temperature mechanical property strength is yield strength or tensile strength. Therefore, the yield strength or the tensile strength is used as the test basis of the micromechanical performance of the material to be detected. And if the yield strength obtained by the room-temperature tensile test of the material to be detected is determined as the test basis, the measured strength of the micromechanical performance of the different composition phases of the material to be detected is the microscopic yield strength of the different composition phases.
Preferably, in step S30, in order to satisfy the requirement of statistically analyzing the area ratio of the different composition phases in the observation region, that is, in order to include a larger number of different composition phases in the observation region, in this embodiment, the requirement for setting the area of the observation region is that the number of different composition phases in the observation region is not less than 10. And selecting observation equipment according to actual needs according to the area size of the observation area to be required. When the observation area is larger than 1000 μm 2 Preferably, the metallographic microscope is used for detecting the area of the composition phase in a larger area.
Preferably, in step S40, if the composition phases of the material to be detected include an α phase and a β phase, the ratio of the mechanical property strength of the α phase to the β phase is obtained as a: b. the room temperature mechanical property strength of the material to be detected is M, the ratio of the area of alpha phase and beta phase to the total area is c% and d%, the micro mechanical properties of the alpha phase and the beta phase are ax and bx, respectively, and the established simultaneous equation of the mathematical relationship is c% (ax) + d% (bx) = M, so that the micro mechanical properties of the alpha phase and the beta phase based on the room temperature mechanical property strength can be obtained. Therefore, the micromechanical properties of different composition phases can be obtained through the simultaneous equations, and the detection of the micromechanical properties of the microstructure phases in the metal structure material is realized.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the method of the present invention is used to detect the internal composition phase of a metal structural material, and the composition phase is a matrix phase and a dispersed particle phase.
(1) Determining internal composition phases of a material to be detected to be an alpha phase and a beta phase by adopting a metallographic microscope, wherein the alpha phase is a matrix phase, and the beta phase is a precipitated second phase; by the representation and the statistical calculation of metallographic microscope analysis software, the beta phase in the material to be detected is in a dispersion distribution state, and the area size of the beta phase is approximately 50 mu m 2 (ii) a The diameter of the pulse laser beam was set to 11 μm (in this case, the beam irradiation area was about 95 μm) 2 ) Performing pulse laser shock treatment on a material to be detected, wherein the laser shock treatment adopts a black adhesive tape with the thickness of not more than 50 mu m as an absorption layer and adopts laser energy of 500mJ (at the moment, the laser shock treatment can induce the maximum plastic deformation of the surface of the material under the condition of ensuring that the absorption layer on the surface of the material is not burnt through); carrying out laser shock treatment on the surface of a material to be detected for 10 times, and observing and selecting the material to be detected, wherein the area ratio of alpha phase to beta phase is about 1:1, taking an impact area as an observation object, and performing three-dimensional representation of a surface plastic deformation state by using a white light interferometer; measuring and calculating the plastic deformation depth of an alpha phase position to be 80 mu m and the plastic deformation depth of a beta phase position to be 60 mu m in a laser impact area based on the test data of the white light interferometer; from this, the strength ratio of the mechanical properties of the α phase and the β phase was determined to be 60 μm:80 μm =3:4.
(2) And carrying out room temperature tensile test on the material to be detected, wherein the test process is carried out according to the national standard of the metal material room temperature tensile test method, and the room temperature yield strength of the material to be detected is 660MPa.
(3) Grinding and polishing a metallographic sample of a material to be detected, observing the surface microstructure state of the material by adopting a metallographic microscope, and setting the area of an observation area to be 1000 mu m 2 And statistically analyzing the area ratio of the alpha phase to the beta phase in the observation area to obtain that the area ratio of the alpha phase to the beta phase of the material to be detected is 70 percent and 30 percent respectively.
(4) Setting the micro-mechanical properties of the alpha phase and the beta phase as 3x and 4x, establishing a mathematical relation simultaneous equation of 70% (3 x) +30% (4 x) =660MPa, and obtaining that the micro-mechanical properties of the alpha phase and the beta phase are 600MPa and 800MPa respectively.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the method of the present invention is used to detect the internal composition phase of a metal structure material, and the composition phase is a matrix phase and a second phase distributed continuously.
(1) Determining internal composition phases of a certain material to be detected to be an alpha phase and a beta phase by adopting a scanning electron microscope, wherein the alpha phase is a matrix phase, and the beta phase is a precipitated second phase; obtaining the continuous distribution state of the beta phase in the material to be detected through the characterization and statistical calculation of tissue analysis software; setting upThe diameter of the pulse laser beam was 20 μm (in this case, the beam irradiation area was about 314 μm) 2 ) Performing pulse laser shock treatment on a material to be detected, wherein the laser shock treatment adopts a black adhesive tape with the thickness of not more than 80 mu m as an absorption layer and adopts laser energy of 800mJ (at the moment, the laser shock treatment can induce the maximum plastic deformation of the surface of the material under the condition of ensuring that the absorption layer on the surface of the material is not burnt through); and (3) carrying out laser shock treatment on the surface of the material to be detected until the area ratio of the alpha phase to the beta phase is about 1:1 (the laser irradiates the phase boundaries of different composition phases on the surface of the material, and the areas of the different composition phases are kept approximately the same) impact area, and a white light interferometer is utilized to carry out three-dimensional representation of the surface plastic deformation state on the selected impact area; based on the test data of the white light interferometer, the plastic deformation depth of an alpha phase position in a laser impact area is measured and calculated to be 150 mu m, and the plastic deformation depth of a beta phase position is measured and calculated to be 100 mu m; from this, the strength ratio of the mechanical properties of the α phase and the β phase was determined to be 100 μm:150 μm =2:3.
(2) And carrying out room temperature tensile test on the material to be detected, wherein the test process is carried out according to the national standard of the metal material room temperature tensile test method, and the room temperature yield strength of the material to be detected is 480MPa.
(3) Grinding and polishing a metallographic sample of a material to be detected, observing the surface microstructure state of the material by adopting a metallographic microscope, and requiring that the area of an observation area is 2000 mu m 2 And statistically analyzing the area ratio of the alpha phase to the beta phase in the observation area to obtain that the area ratio of the alpha phase to the beta phase of the material to be detected is 60 percent and 40 percent respectively.
(4) Setting the micro-mechanical properties of the alpha phase and the beta phase as 3x and 5x, establishing a mathematical relation simultaneous equation of 60% (2 x) +40% (3 x) =480MPa, and obtaining that the micro-mechanical properties of the alpha phase and the beta phase are 400MPa and 600MPa respectively.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the method of the present invention is used to detect the internal composition phase of a metal structure material, and the composition phase is a matrix phase, a precipitated phase distributed continuously, and a precipitated phase distributed dispersedly.
(1) Determination by scanning Electron microscopeThe internal composition phases of a certain material to be detected are an alpha phase, a beta phase and a gamma phase, wherein the alpha phase is a matrix phase, the beta phase is a continuous precipitated second phase, and the gamma phase is a dispersed precipitated second phase; the diameter of the pulse laser beam was set to 30 μm (the beam irradiation area at this time was about 707 μm) 2 ) Performing pulse laser shock treatment on a material to be detected, wherein the laser shock treatment adopts a black adhesive tape with the thickness of not more than 100 mu m as an absorption layer and adopts laser energy of 1000mJ (at the moment, the laser shock treatment can induce the maximum plastic deformation of the surface of the material under the condition of ensuring that the absorption layer on the surface of the material is not burnt through); and (3) carrying out laser shock treatment on the surface of the material to be detected until the area ratio of the alpha phase, the beta phase and the gamma phase is about 1:1:1 (the laser irradiates the phase boundaries of different composition phases on the surface of the material, and the areas of the different composition phases are kept approximately the same) impact area, and a white light interferometer is utilized to carry out three-dimensional representation of the surface plastic deformation state on the selected impact area; based on the test data of the white light interferometer, the plastic deformation depth of an alpha phase position in a laser impact region is measured and calculated to be 120 mu m, the plastic deformation depth of a beta phase position is 100 mu m, and the plastic deformation depth of a gamma phase position is 50 mu m; from this, the strength ratio of the mechanical properties of the α phase, β phase and γ phase was determined to be 5:6:12.
(2) And (3) carrying out room temperature tensile test on the material to be detected, wherein the test process is carried out according to the national standard of the metal material room temperature tensile test method, and the room temperature yield strength of the material to be detected is 690MPa.
(3) Grinding and polishing a metallographic sample of a material to be detected, observing the surface microstructure state of the material by adopting a metallographic microscope, and requiring that the area of an observation area is 3000 mu m 2 And statistically analyzing the area ratios of the alpha phase, the beta phase and the gamma phase in the observation area to obtain the area ratios of the alpha phase, the beta phase and the gamma phase of the material to be detected, which are respectively 50%, 30% and 20%.
(4) Setting the micro-mechanical properties of the alpha phase, the beta phase and the gamma phase as 5x, 6x and 12x, establishing a mathematical relation simultaneous equation of 50% (5 x) +30% (6 x) +20% (12 x) =690MPa, and obtaining that the micro-mechanical properties of the alpha phase, the beta phase and the gamma phase are 500MPa, 600MPa and 1200MPa respectively.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be taken in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort, which would fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for detecting the structural material composition phase structure strength based on pulse laser shock wave is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S10: determining the composition phase of a material to be detected, performing pulse laser shock treatment on the material to be detected, measuring and calculating the plastic deformation depth of each composition phase in a laser shock region, and establishing the ratio of the mechanical performance strength of different composition phases based on the plastic deformation depth ratio of each composition phase;
step S20: performing a room temperature tensile test on the material to be detected to obtain the room temperature mechanical property strength of the material to be detected;
step S30: acquiring the area ratio of each composition phase of a material to be detected in an observation area with a certain area;
step S40: and establishing a simultaneous equation of mathematical relationship according to the ratio of the mechanical property strength of different composition phases of the material, the room-temperature mechanical property strength of the material to be detected and the area ratio of each composition phase of the material to be detected to obtain the micromechanical property of each composition phase.
2. The method for detecting the structural material composition phase structure strength based on the pulsed laser shock wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S10 specifically includes:
step S11: determining the internal composition phases of the material to be detected and the area of each composition phase by a measuring instrument;
step S12: adjusting the irradiation area of the laser beam according to the area size of the different composition phases, and performing laser impact on the material to be detected to enable the surface of the material to be detected to generate plastic deformation;
step S13: observing the surface of the material to be detected, and selecting laser impact regions with consistent area ratios in different composition phases as observation objects;
step S14: representing the observation object through three-dimensional state detection equipment, and measuring and calculating the plastic deformation depth of each composition phase in the observation object;
step S15: the strength ratio of the mechanical properties of the different constituent phases is established based on the ratio of the plastic deformation depths.
3. The method for detecting the structural material constituent phase structure intensity based on the pulse laser shock wave according to claim 1, wherein in step S12, when all constituent phases are in a continuous distribution state, the size of the irradiation area of the laser beam is adjusted to be able to cover all constituent phases at the same time; when the composition phase contains dispersed particle precipitated phase, the size of the laser beam irradiation area is adjusted to 1.6-1.9 times of the particle precipitated phase area.
4. The method for detecting structural material composition phase structure strength based on pulsed laser shock wave as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S11, the areas of different composition phases inside the material to be detected are all larger than 50 μm 2 。
5. The method for detecting the structural material composition phase structure strength based on the pulse laser shock wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S12, the area ratio of more than 3 different composition phases in the region where the material to be detected is impacted by the laser is consistent.
6. The method for detecting the structural material composition phase structure strength based on the pulsed laser shock wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S15, the reciprocal of the ratio of the plastic deformation depths of the different composition phases is determined as the ratio of the mechanical property strengths of the different composition phases.
7. The method for detecting structural material composition phase structure strength based on pulsed laser shock wave according to claim 1, wherein in step S20, the room temperature mechanical property strength is yield strength or tensile strength.
8. The method for detecting the structural material composition phase structure strength based on the pulsed laser shock wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S30, the number of different composition phases in the observation region is not less than 10.
9. The method for detecting the structural material composition phase structure strength based on the pulsed laser shock wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S40, if the composition phases of the material to be detected include α phase and β phase, the ratio of the mechanical property strength of α phase to β phase is obtained as a: b. the room temperature mechanical property strength of the material to be detected is M, the ratio of the area of alpha phase and beta phase to the total area is c% and d%, the micro mechanical properties of the alpha phase and the beta phase are ax and bx, respectively, and the established simultaneous equation of the mathematical relationship is c% (ax) + d% (bx) = M, so that the micro mechanical properties of the alpha phase and the beta phase based on the room temperature mechanical property strength can be obtained.
CN202210939627.8A 2022-08-05 2022-08-05 Method for detecting structural material composition phase structure strength based on pulse laser shock wave Pending CN115420599A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115420584A (en) * 2022-08-05 2022-12-02 广东镭奔激光科技有限公司 Method for detecting microstructure state of material by using laser shock wave

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115420584A (en) * 2022-08-05 2022-12-02 广东镭奔激光科技有限公司 Method for detecting microstructure state of material by using laser shock wave

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