CN115420537A - Application of martensitic stainless steel in engineering field and detection method - Google Patents
Application of martensitic stainless steel in engineering field and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115420537A CN115420537A CN202211046754.1A CN202211046754A CN115420537A CN 115420537 A CN115420537 A CN 115420537A CN 202211046754 A CN202211046754 A CN 202211046754A CN 115420537 A CN115420537 A CN 115420537A
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- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000599 controlled substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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Abstract
The invention relates to an application and a detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field, belongs to the field of novel material application in the engineering field, and aims to replace the traditional common steel used in the construction field by the martensitic stainless steel, because the martensitic stainless steel has higher strength and corrosion resistance compared with the common steel, the martensitic stainless steel is more suitable for the construction field with worse use environment such as outdoor environment, and the like, and a manhole is reserved during construction, so that the martensitic stainless steel is convenient for periodically detecting the performance of a steel body, and has higher value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an application of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field and a detection method, belonging to the field of novel material application in the engineering field.
Background
The steel is the core material in the engineering and building field, is the bone of building, and the steel that uses has good performance and is the safe and long service life's of building receipt, and the traditional steel performance that engineering and building field used is relatively poor, can not satisfy the building standard specification of growing day by day, so it is inevitable to look ahead from the long-term novel material replace traditional material.
In the field of detection of martensitic stainless steel, the square root of the grain size of the steel is inversely proportional to the yield strength thereof, and the square root has a great influence on the strength thereof, as can be known from the Hall-Petch formula. Therefore, the grain size of steel is an important parameter for evaluating the mechanical properties of parts manufactured by the steel. However, in the process of detecting the grain size of steel, the grain boundary is often unclear, the complete grain morphology is difficult to observe, and the accuracy of the grain size measurement result is seriously affected. Although the grain formation and display methods (correlation method, carburizing method, simulated carburizing method, ferrite network method, oxidation method, direct hardening method, cementite network method, fine pearlite network method) are given in appendix A of GB/T6394-2017 "method for measuring average grain size of metal"), they are not suitable for grain size measurement of all types of steel.
The martensite stainless steel is a kind of steel with high strength and good corrosion resistance, and perfectly meets the specifications of the building field, and the performance change condition of the martensite stainless steel under the time lapse needs to be measured to judge the service life of the building, so the measurement of the grain size is essential. However, according to the grain formation and display method recommended in appendix A of GB/T6394-2017 "Metal average grain size determination method", either hypoeutectoid (low-carbon) martensitic stainless steels (e.g., 1Cr13 steel, 1Cr17Ni2 steel, 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV steel, etc.) or hypereutectoid (high-carbon) martensitic stainless steels (e.g., 4Cr13 steel, 9Cr18 steel, 1Cr12MoV steel, etc.) can only be tried to apply the direct hardening method. However, the grain forming and displaying method not only has poor effect on the martensitic stainless steel, but also can not clearly display grain boundaries; moreover, the metallographic etchant used also needs to be added with a toxic and harmful limiting chemical, picric acid. The method can not clearly display the crystal grain boundary morphology of the crystal grains, and can cause harm to operators and the environment; in addition, picric acid is currently classified as a restricted use for controlled drugs. Therefore, a set of martensitic stainless steel detection method is urgently needed to solve the dilemma of grain size measurement of martensitic stainless steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an application and a detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field, which is known that steel is a core framework of a building, the performance of the steel determines the safety and the service life of the building to a certain extent, and the martensitic stainless steel has better performance compared with the traditional steel used in the building field, so that in order to meet the increasing building specifications, the trend of replacing the traditional steel by a novel material is inevitable, the building service life is dozens of hundreds of years, and the performance of the material can change in the process, so the martensitic stainless steel specially used for detection is embedded in the building, and a special detection method is designed.
The technical means used by the invention are as follows: an application and detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field is characterized in that: the detection method is characterized in that small holes are reserved at the steel body which does not serve as the structural member at the embedded part during engineering construction, and the small holes penetrate through concrete, so that the martensitic stainless steel can be detected by the outside.
Further, the carbon content of the martensitic stainless steel is in the range of hypoeutectoid steel.
Furthermore, the small hole left during construction is blocked, so that the pre-buried martensitic stainless steel is prevented from contacting the outside, and variable factors are reduced.
And further, taking out the structure blocking the small hole during detection, cutting the pre-embedded martensitic stainless steel by using a tool, taking out the cut martensitic stainless steel, and detecting.
Furthermore, the same martensitic stainless steel is pre-embedded at different positions of the building, the number of the pre-embedded martensitic stainless steel is more than one, and the number of the martensitic stainless steel at the same position is more than one, so that a control group is formed.
Further, there are: the three contrast modes of the same position contrast in different time periods, the different position contrast in different time periods and the different position contrast in the same time period.
Further, quenching the steel billet to obtain a quenched steel billet; cooling the quenched steel billet to 550-450 ℃ to obtain a cooled steel billet; rapidly cooling the cooled steel billet to 190-120 ℃ to obtain an intermediate product; and taking out the intermediate product and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the product, namely the martensitic stainless steel.
Further, the metallographic structure of the martensitic stainless steel is as follows: ferrite, granular carbon compound, and part of lath or fine lath grain structure.
Further, the detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1: cutting a corresponding sample of the martensitic stainless steel taken out of the building;
step 2: carrying out heat treatment on the martensite stainless steel sample after the cutting is finished;
and step 3: grinding and polishing the martensitic stainless steel sample after the heat treatment is finished, and inlaying the martensitic stainless steel sample;
and 4, step 4: etching the polished martensitic stainless steel sample in an etching way;
and 5: drying the martensitic stainless steel sample subjected to etching to prepare;
step 6: and (3) observing the appearance of the crystal grains of the corroded martensitic stainless steel sample, and measuring the grain size by using a metallographic microscope.
Further, the metallographic structure of the martensitic stainless steel is as follows: ferrite, granular carbon compound, and partial lath or fine lath-shaped grain structure.
Further, etching is performed using a nitric alcohol solution or a ferric chloride aqueous solution.
Furthermore, the nitric acid content in the nital solution is 1 mL-3 mL, and the alcohol content is 110mL.
Further, the ferric trichloride aqueous solution is prepared from 4g of ferric trichloride, 60mL of hydrochloric acid and 1200mL of water.
Further, etching is carried out by adopting a nital solution, wherein the content of nitric acid in the nital solution is 1 mL-3 mL, and the content of alcohol in the nital solution is 100mL.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the martensite stainless steel is used for replacing the traditional steel, so that the safety of the building is improved, and the service life of the building is prolonged; 2. the martensitic stainless steel specially used for detection is pre-embedded in the building, so that the performance change of the building can be monitored at any time, and the danger is conveniently checked; 3. the martensitic stainless steel used for detection is set and compared, so that the martensitic stainless steel change conditions at different time and different positions can be detected, and the change conditions of the building can be judged; 4. a set of scheme for detecting the martensitic stainless steel crystal grains is designed, so that the martensitic stainless steel can be conveniently detected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an application and a detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field, which is known that steel is a core framework of a building, the performance of the steel determines the safety and the service life of the building to a certain extent, and the martensitic stainless steel has better performance compared with the traditional steel used in the building field, so that in order to meet the increasing building specifications, the trend of replacing the traditional steel by a novel material is inevitable, the building service life is dozens of hundreds of years, and the performance of the material can change in the process, so the martensitic stainless steel specially used for detection is embedded in the building, and a special detection method is designed.
The technical means used by the invention are as follows: an application and detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field is characterized in that: the detection method is characterized in that small holes are reserved at the steel body which does not serve as the structural member at the embedded part during engineering construction, and the small holes penetrate through concrete, so that the martensitic stainless steel can be detected by the outside.
Further, the carbon content of the martensitic stainless steel is in the range of hypoeutectoid steel.
Furthermore, the small hole left during construction is blocked, so that the pre-buried martensitic stainless steel is prevented from contacting the outside, and variable factors are reduced.
And further, taking out the structure blocking the small hole during detection, cutting the pre-embedded martensitic stainless steel by using a tool, taking out the cut martensitic stainless steel, and detecting.
Furthermore, the same martensitic stainless steel is pre-embedded at different positions of the building, the number of the pre-embedded martensitic stainless steel is more than one, and the number of the martensitic stainless steel at the same position is more than one, so that a control group is formed.
Further, there are: and three comparison modes of comparison at the same position in different time periods, comparison at different positions in different time periods and comparison at different positions in the same time period are adopted.
Further, quenching the steel billet to obtain a quenched steel billet; cooling the quenched steel billet to 550-450 ℃ to obtain a cooled steel billet; rapidly cooling the cooled steel billet to 190-120 ℃ to obtain an intermediate product; and taking out the intermediate product and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the product, namely the martensitic stainless steel.
Further, the metallographic structure of the martensitic stainless steel is as follows: ferrite, granular carbon compound, and part of lath or fine lath grain structure.
Further, the detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1: cutting a corresponding sample of the martensitic stainless steel taken out of the building;
step 2: carrying out heat treatment on the martensite stainless steel sample after the cutting is finished;
and 3, step 3: grinding and polishing the martensitic stainless steel sample after the heat treatment is finished, and inlaying the martensitic stainless steel sample;
and 4, step 4: etching the polished martensitic stainless steel sample by an etching method;
and 5: drying the martensitic stainless steel sample subjected to etching to prepare;
and 6: observing the shape of crystal grains of the corroded martensitic stainless steel sample, and measuring the grain size by using a metallographic microscope.
Further, the metallographic structure of the martensitic stainless steel is as follows: ferrite, granular carbon compound, and part of lath or fine lath grain structure.
Further, etching is performed using a nitric alcohol solution or a ferric chloride aqueous solution.
Furthermore, the nitric acid content in the nital solution is 1 mL-3 mL, and the alcohol content is 110mL.
Further, the ferric trichloride aqueous solution is prepared from 4g of ferric trichloride, 60mL of hydrochloric acid and 1200mL of water.
Further, etching is carried out by adopting a nital solution, wherein the content of nitric acid in the nital solution is 1 mL-3 mL, and the content of alcohol in the nital solution is 100mL.
Claims (7)
1. An application and detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field is characterized in that: replacing the traditional steel with martensitic stainless steel, replacing the traditional steel by utilizing the excellent characteristics of the martensitic stainless steel, and embedding a steel body which is not used as a structural member in an engineering building while constructing, wherein the carbon content of the martensitic stainless steel is in the range of hypoeutectoid steel; the detection method is characterized in that a small hole is reserved at a steel body which is not used as a structural member at the embedded part during engineering construction, and the small hole penetrates through concrete, so that the martensitic stainless steel can be detected by the outside.
2. The application and detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field according to claim 1, characterized in that: blocking the reserved small hole during construction, preventing the pre-embedded martensitic stainless steel from contacting with the outside, reducing variable factors, taking out the structure blocking the small hole during detection, cutting the pre-embedded martensitic stainless steel by using a tool, taking out the cut martensitic stainless steel, and detecting; embedding the same martensitic stainless steel at different positions of a building, wherein the number of the embedded martensitic stainless steel is more than one, and the number of the martensitic stainless steel at the same position is more than one, so as to form a control group, and the total is as follows: the three contrast modes of the same position contrast in different time periods, the different position contrast in different time periods and the different position contrast in the same time period.
3. An application and detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field is characterized in that: quenching the steel billet to obtain a quenched steel billet; cooling the quenched steel billet to 550-450 ℃ to obtain a cooled steel billet; rapidly cooling the cooled steel billet to 190-120 ℃ to obtain an intermediate product; and taking out the intermediate product and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the product, namely the martensitic stainless steel.
4. The application and detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1: cutting a corresponding sample of the martensitic stainless steel taken out of the building;
step 2: carrying out heat treatment on the martensite stainless steel sample after cutting;
and step 3: grinding and polishing the martensitic stainless steel sample after the heat treatment is finished, and inlaying the martensitic stainless steel sample;
and 4, step 4: etching the polished martensitic stainless steel sample by an etching method;
and 5: blow-drying the etched martensitic stainless steel sample to prepare;
step 6: observing the shape of crystal grains of the corroded martensitic stainless steel sample, and measuring the grain size by using a metallographic microscope.
5. The application and detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field according to claim 4, characterized in that: the metallographic structure of the martensitic stainless steel is as follows: ferrite, granular carbon compound, and partial lath or fine lath-shaped grain structure.
6. The application and detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field according to claim 4, characterized in that: etching by using a nitric acid alcohol solution or a ferric trichloride aqueous solution; wherein, the nitric acid content in the nitric acid alcohol solution is 1 mL-3 mL, and the alcohol content is 110mL; the ferric trichloride aqueous solution is prepared from 4g of ferric trichloride, 60mL of hydrochloric acid and 1200mL of water.
7. The application and detection method of martensitic stainless steel in the engineering field according to claim 4, characterized in that: and etching by using a nital solution, wherein the nital solution contains 1-3 mL of nitric acid and 100mL of alcohol.
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