CN115419393B - Plate method for evaluating interlayer packing performance of cement annular layer - Google Patents
Plate method for evaluating interlayer packing performance of cement annular layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN115419393B CN115419393B CN202210518771.4A CN202210518771A CN115419393B CN 115419393 B CN115419393 B CN 115419393B CN 202210518771 A CN202210518771 A CN 202210518771A CN 115419393 B CN115419393 B CN 115419393B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/005—Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses a plate method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of a cement annular layer, which comprises the following steps: (1) Drawing a relation curve of packing pressure difference and packing length under different extrusion forces to obtain a cement annular layer interval packing performance evaluation plate; (2) Acquiring formation pressure of an evaluation interval and cement strength of a cement sheath, and obtaining extrusion force; (3) Substituting the packing length, the extrusion force and the packing pressure difference of the evaluation interval into a cement annular layer interval packing performance evaluation plate to evaluate the interval packing performance. On the basis of research of numerical simulation/experimental measurement verification, factors such as cement sheath strength, formation pressure, packing length and the like are considered, and a plate method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of the cement sheath is provided. Through the evaluation chart established in the invention, technicians can rapidly evaluate the packing performance of the underground cement sheath through well cementation evaluation logging data, thereby realizing rapid risk prediction of gas channeling and enhancing the production safety of the high-temperature high-pressure gas well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of well cementation quality evaluation, and particularly relates to a plate method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of a cement annular layer.
Background
After the well cementation construction is finished, cement paste displaced in place in the annular space is gradually solidified into a cement sheath, and the sleeve, the cement sheath and the stratum form a longitudinal packing system. Good sealing performance between cement rings is a key point for realizing effective productivity of an oil and gas well and guaranteeing production life of the oil and gas well.
In the offshore oil and gas exploration and development process, the number of high-temperature high-pressure high-sulfur-bearing wells is increased, and the problems of annulus pressure, acid gas leakage and the like after well cementation can possibly cause the damage of cement sheath sealing. Once these complex problems occur, remedial measures are costly, risky, mishandled endanger personnel and platform safety, and cause significant economic loss and casualties. How to evaluate the packing performance of the cement sheath in the high-temperature high-pressure high-sulfur environment and ensure the good packing capability of the cement sheath of the oil and gas well in the process of development is a bottleneck and a difficult problem faced in the field of well cementation engineering research at present.
In the prior art, the sealing performance of the cement sheath in the cement sheath logging is mainly based on the regional experience obtained by CBL/VDL logging in the oil fields at home and abroad, and the sealing performance of the cement sheath is evaluated in a qualitative mode, so that the evaluation modes have the differences between companies and regions and have obvious experience characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a plate method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of the cement sheath on the basis of the study of numerical simulation and experimental measurement mutual verification, which is used for guiding the well cementation quality evaluation.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a stencil method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of a cement sheath, including:
(1) Drawing a relation curve of packing pressure difference and packing length under different extrusion forces to obtain a cement annular layer interval packing performance evaluation plate;
(2) Acquiring formation pressure of an evaluation interval and cement strength of a cement sheath, and obtaining extrusion force;
(3) And substituting the packing length, the extrusion force and the packing pressure difference of the evaluation interval into a cement annular layer interval packing performance evaluation plate to evaluate the packing performance.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of plotting the packing pressure difference versus the packing length for each extrusion force includes: and obtaining a relation diagram of the packing pressure difference and the packing length under different extrusion force conditions through experimental tests or numerical simulation.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of obtaining the formation pressure of the evaluation interval and the cement strength of the cement sheath and obtaining the extrusion force comprises: and calculating according to the logging curve or acquiring the formation pressure from a formation test and leakage experiment.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of obtaining the formation pressure of the evaluation interval and the cement strength of the cement sheath and obtaining the extrusion force comprises: and obtaining the cement strength and the packing length according to the well cementation quality evaluation result.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of obtaining cement strength according to the well cementation quality evaluation result comprises the following steps: and converting the sleeve wave amplitude and the attenuation curve obtained by CBL, VDL or CBMT well logging to obtain the cement strength.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining cement strength by converting the casing wave amplitude and attenuation curve obtained by CBMT well logging includes: and removing the well section with lower attenuation rate in the well section, which is close to the free casing, and recording the packing length and the attenuation rate of the well section with stable or uniform circumferential attenuation rate in sections.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of obtaining cement strength and packing length according to the well cementation quality evaluation result comprises the following steps: when a multi-section well cementation well section exists, the packing pressure differences obtained in the multi-section well cementation well section are accumulated and summed to obtain the maximum packing pressure difference of the evaluation well section.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the steps are substituted into a packing length, extrusion force and packing pressure difference of an evaluation interval to a cement annulus interval packing performance evaluation plate, and the packing performance evaluation is performed, and comprises the following steps: if the actual well is positioned below the parameter envelope curve in the pattern plate, the cement annular interval packing performance of the evaluation well is shown to meet the requirement; conversely, if the actual well is above the parameter envelope in the plate, it is indicated that the cement sheath of the evaluation well is poorly sealed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
on the basis of research of numerical simulation/experimental measurement verification, factors such as cement sheath strength, formation pressure, packing length and the like are considered, and a plate method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of the cement sheath is provided. Through the evaluation chart established in the invention, technicians can rapidly evaluate the packing performance of the underground cement sheath through well cementation evaluation logging data, thereby realizing rapid risk prediction of gas channeling and enhancing the production safety of the high-temperature high-pressure gas well.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of squeeze force versus formation pressure during cement slurry setting in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of squeeze force versus formation pressure for different cement strengths in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of pack pressure differential versus pack length for different squeeze forces in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a log of the cementing quality of an actual well in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a plot of casing wave attenuation versus cement average compressive strength measured by CBMT in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of results of field application of a cement pack-off performance evaluation chart in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The details of the invention will be more clearly understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and description of specific embodiments of the invention. However, the specific embodiments of the invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Given the teachings of the present invention, one of ordinary skill in the related art will contemplate any possible modification based on the present invention, and such should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a plate method for evaluating the packing performance of cement sheath layers, which is used for guiding the packing performance evaluation of cement sheath in well cementation engineering. A method flow diagram according to one embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
Firstly, the method comprises the following steps of: and under different extrusion forces, drawing a relation curve of the packing pressure difference and the packing length under each extrusion force to obtain the cement annular layer interval packing performance evaluation plate.
Specifically, a person skilled in the art can obtain a graph of the packing pressure difference and the packing length under different extrusion force conditions through experimental tests or numerical simulation. As shown in fig. 2, a graph of the packing pressure difference and the packing length under different extrusion force conditions (extrusion forces are respectively 1,2,3,4, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, 20, 25 and 30MPa from bottom to top in fig. 2) is drawn by adopting a numerical simulation method, and as can be seen from fig. 2, under the different extrusion force conditions, the packing pressure does not change basically after the packing length meets a certain length. While the critical value of the pack length gradually increases with increasing squeeze force.
The following is step (2): and (5) obtaining the formation pressure of the evaluation interval and the cement strength of the cement sheath, and obtaining the extrusion force.
In order to analyze the relationship between the casing-cement sheath extrusion force and the formation pressure during the cement slurry setting process, the extrusion force at the casing-cement sheath interface was plotted against time for different formation pressures, as shown in fig. 3. It can be seen that with formation pressures of 1000, 3000 and 5000psi (1000, 3000 and 5000psi respectively from bottom to top in fig. 3), the compressive force at the casing and cement sheath interface remains substantially unchanged at the initial stage and then gradually decreases over time, and remains substantially unchanged after decreasing to a certain magnitude. It is believed by analysis that, at the initial stage, the cement slurry is in a fluid state capable of transmitting all formation pressure, while the compressive forces at the casing and cement interface remain substantially unchanged. Over time, the cement slurry becomes increasingly hydrated and solidifies, forming a network of strength within the cement slurry that is capable of taking on a portion of the pressure forces resulting in a reduction in the compressive forces at the casing-cement interface. With further growth in time, the cement slurry sets to a solid, at which time the properties of the cement sheath remain substantially stable and the compressive forces between the casing and the cement remain substantially unchanged.
It can also be seen from fig. 3 that after a long period of time, the extrusion force between the casing and the cement sheath remains substantially stable, the larger the initial formation pressure is, the larger the extrusion force is finally formed, the size of the final extrusion force is proportional to the initial formation pressure, and the two have a better linear relationship.
In addition, the experimental result of the cement sheath packing property and the inversion based on the experimental result can be obtained: under the condition of 20MPa of stratum pressure, when the cement strength is 3200psi, the extrusion force between the cement sheath and the casing is 4MPa; the compressive force between the cement sheath and the casing was 2MPa when the cement strength was 1600 psi. Therefore, the larger the cement strength is, the larger the extrusion force is, and the extrusion force has a better linear relation with the increase of the cement strength.
Based on the above analysis, the casing-cement sheath extrusion profile at different cement strengths and formation pressures is plotted as shown in fig. 4. The inventors' analysis was verified by the distribution of fig. 4 (500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2250, 2500, 2750, 3000, 3250, 3500psi in fig. 4 for cement strengths from bottom to top), respectively: namely, the linear relation exists between the sleeve-cement sheath extrusion force and the cement strength and the stratum pressure. And the specific relation is obtained as follows:
wherein the extrusion force is in MPa, the cement strength is in psi, and the formation pressure is in MPa.
Specifically, the formation pressure can be calculated according to a logging curve or obtained from data such as formation test, leakage experiment and the like, and the cement strength and the packing length can be obtained according to well cementation quality evaluation results. The cement strength can be obtained by converting the sleeve wave amplitude and the attenuation curve obtained by CBL (cement bond logging), VDL (variable density logging) and CBMT logging (sector cement bond imaging logging); and determining the packing length from the well cementation quality evaluation result.
Taking CBMT well cementation quality logging as an example, firstly determining the packing length of a well section between a test layer and an adjacent reservoir from a CBMT attenuation rate curve and well cementation quality evaluation results, removing the well section with lower attenuation rate in the well section, which is close to a free sleeve (namely poor well cementation quality), and only finding a well section with stable or uniform circumferential attenuation rate (namely good well cementation quality), and recording the packing length and the attenuation rate in a segmented manner.
Specifically, taking a field well as an example, the logging data of the field well is shown in fig. 5, wherein the effective lengths of 1,2,3, and 4 well sections are 5.8m, 2.6m, 2.45m, and 7.4m, respectively. Taking the example of section "1" therein, the attenuation value measured at section "1" was stabilized at 12dB/ft, and for a 7in casing (wall thickness 0.4 in), the relation curve between the casing wave attenuation measured by CBMT in the art and the cement average compressive strength was consulted (FIG. 6), resulting in a cement strength of about 3000psi. The average formation pressure of interval "1" was obtained by the pore pressure in the log in FIG. 5 (i.e., lane 12) and was 37.5MPa. Substituting the formation pressure and cement strength of the "1" well section into the extrusion force calculation relation, the extrusion force generated between the casing and the cement sheath in the setting process of cement is about 8MPa, and the extrusion force can directly affect the packing capacity of the cement sheath.
The same steps as those of the section 1 are adopted for the sections 2,3 and 4, and the packing pressure differences are respectively 17MPa, 17MPa and 15.5MPa. And (3) accumulating and summing the packing pressure differences obtained in the sections 1 to 4 to obtain the packing pressure difference with the maximum cement pressure difference between the test section and the adjacent reservoir being 65.5MPa.
Then step (3): and substituting the packing length, the extrusion force and the packing pressure difference of the evaluation interval into a cement annular layer interval packing performance evaluation plate to evaluate the packing performance.
Specifically, the packing length, the extrusion force and the packing pressure difference of the logging data of the actual well are obtained, and are substituted into a plate, so that the evaluation of the packing performance can be realized. Comparing the positions of the actual wells in the pattern, and if the actual wells are positioned below the parameter envelope curve in the pattern, indicating that the cement loop interval packing performance of the evaluation well meets the requirement; in contrast, if the actual well is located above the parameter envelope in the plate, it is indicated that the cement sheath of the evaluation well has poor sealing performance and is at risk of gas channeling. If only one section of the uniform cementing interval exists between the test layer and the adjacent reservoir, the packing pressure difference of the well section with uniform cementing is the maximum packing pressure difference. Well sections where communicated cement channels appear evident in the cementing map for CBMT measurements are not included as valid pack length statistics. When the production pressure difference is larger than the maximum packing pressure difference, the channeling is easy to occur, and corresponding precautions are needed.
The maximum packing pressure difference of each actual well is determined through the plate according to the plate application result of the field 29 actual wells, and is compared with the test production pressure difference, as shown in fig. 7, wherein the dots are wells with the production pressure difference smaller than the packing pressure difference determined according to the plate, and no crossflow occurs in the actual production process; the pentagonal star points are wells with production pressure difference larger than packing pressure difference determined according to the plate, channeling occurs in the actual production process, and statistical results show that the test coincidence rate of the cement packing evaluation plate in the actual well reaches 90%, and the cement annular layer interval packing performance evaluation plate method provided by the invention has high accuracy, and fills the blank of the interpretation plate field of the cement packing evaluation of domestic oil fields.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are disclosed above, the embodiments are only used for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A plate method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of a cement annular layer comprises the following steps:
(1) Drawing a relation curve of packing pressure difference and packing length under different extrusion forces to obtain a cement annular layer interval packing performance evaluation plate;
(2) Acquiring formation pressure of an evaluation interval and cement strength of a cement sheath, and obtaining extrusion force;
wherein the extrusion force unit is MPa, the cement strength unit is psi, and the stratum pressure unit is MPa;
(3) Substituting the packing length, the extrusion force and the packing pressure difference of the evaluation interval into a cement annular layer interval packing performance evaluation plate to evaluate the packing performance;
if the actual well is positioned below the parameter envelope curve in the pattern plate, the cement annular layer interval packing performance of the evaluation well is shown to meet the requirement; conversely, if the actual well is above the parameter envelope in the plate, it is indicated that the cement sheath of the evaluation well is poorly sealed.
2. The method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of a cement sheath according to claim 1, wherein the step of plotting the packing pressure difference under each extrusion force against the packing length comprises: and obtaining a relation diagram of the packing pressure difference and the packing length under different extrusion force conditions through experimental tests or numerical simulation.
3. A pattern method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of a cement sheath according to claim 1, wherein said step of obtaining the formation pressure of the evaluation interval and the cement strength of the cement sheath and obtaining the pressing force comprises: and calculating according to the logging curve or acquiring the formation pressure from a formation test and leakage experiment.
4. A pattern method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of a cement sheath according to claim 1, wherein said step of obtaining the formation pressure of the evaluation interval and the cement strength of the cement sheath and obtaining the pressing force comprises: and obtaining the cement strength and the packing length according to the well cementation quality evaluation result.
5. The plate method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of a cement sheath according to claim 4, wherein the step of obtaining the cement strength according to the well cementation quality evaluation result comprises the following steps: and converting the sleeve wave amplitude and the attenuation curve obtained by CBL, VDL or CBMT well logging to obtain the cement strength.
6. The template method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of a cement sheath according to claim 1, wherein the sleeve wave amplitude and attenuation curve obtained by CBMT well logging is converted to obtain cement strength, comprising: and removing the well section with the attenuation rate close to that of the free casing pipe in the well section, and recording the packing length and the attenuation rate of the well section with stable or uniform circumferential attenuation rate in sections.
7. The plate method for evaluating the interlayer packing performance of the cement sheath according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the cement strength and the packing length according to the well cementation quality evaluation result comprises the following steps: when a multi-section well cementation well section exists, the packing pressure differences obtained in the multi-section well cementation well section are accumulated and summed to obtain the maximum packing pressure difference of the evaluation well section.
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