CN112766630A - Method for evaluating unobstructed flow of low-permeability gas reservoir gas well - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of a low-permeability gas reservoir gas well by utilizing early production data, which comprises the following steps of: s1, preferably a productivity well testing method: a one-point method is used as a method for evaluating the productivity of the gas well; s2, acquiring one-point method capacity formula parameters; s3, calculating the gas well verification non-resistance flow: and S4, evaluating the gas well capacity under the current pressure according to the calculation result of the step S3, and guiding the gas well production allocation. The method utilizes the conventional production data of the initial stage of the gas well to evaluate the gas well check unimpeded flow, combines the empirical formula of the gas field productivity test, and can quickly, quickly and accurately calculate the gas well unimpeded flow. The invention can greatly shorten the test time, reduce the test cost and avoid the resource waste under the condition of not influencing the development and the production of the gas field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gas field development, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating unobstructed flow of a low-permeability gas reservoir gas well.
Background
The gas well unobstructed flow is defined as the gas production at the wellhead when the bottom hole flow pressure is 1 atmosphere. The gas well unobstructed flow plays an important role in gas field development, on one hand, the gas well unobstructed flow is an important basis for gas well production allocation, and on the other hand, the gas well unobstructed flow is an important index for measuring the production capacity of the gas well.
The evaluation of the gas well unobstructed flow is firstly obtained by directly testing the emptying of a wellhead, and through the continuous development of the technology, the currently common productivity testing method mainly comprises a system well testing (also called back pressure well testing), an isochronous well testing, a correction isochronous well testing and a point method well testing.
The well testing of the system is that the gas well produces with different yields, stable pressure under the production with different yields is obtained, and the unimpeded flow is calculated through a capacity equation. The system has more well testing data, large information quantity and reliable analysis result, but the well testing of the system needs the output and pressure under different working systems to reach a stable state, so the testing time is longer, the testing cost is high, and the data waste is large for a new well.
The well testing method has the advantages that the well testing is carried out in an equal-time mode, namely the well is opened under different yields for the same time, the testing time can be greatly shortened compared with the well testing of a system, but the well is required to be closed to recover to be stable in pressure, the consumed time is long, a large amount of natural gas is discharged in the well testing process, and the cost is too high.
The correction isochronous well testing is developed and formed on the basis of the isochronous well testing, and is different from the isochronous well testing in that the well closing time is consistent with the well opening time, the pressure does not need to be waited for to restore to the original formation pressure, the well closing time is reduced, meanwhile, the correction isochronous well testing is easy to realize on a production site, but a gas well cannot normally produce during the well closing period, and normal development and production of the gas field are influenced.
One-point method well testing is a semi-theoretical and semi-empirical productivity evaluation method. The method is based on a gas well productivity binomial equation, and establishes a non-resistance flow calculation model under a monostable test point by introducing a non-dimensional coefficient alpha. The method further shortens the productivity test time and saves the test cost, but a more accurate alpha value needs to be obtained through system well testing, correction and equal time well testing and the like in the early period, and the bottom flow pressure and the yield of the test point are more stable. It is worth noting that in the field practice of the low-permeability gas reservoir one-point method, because the permeability of the reservoir is low and the testing time is short, it is difficult to obtain stable bottom hole flow pressure and yield testing points, and the reliability of the testing result is poor.
In a word, the existing gas well non-resistance flow evaluation thought is that basic data are obtained by relying on a productivity test, and then non-resistance flow calculation is carried out according to a corresponding productivity evaluation theory. For low-permeability gas reservoirs, the gas wells with capacity test data are limited due to long capacity test time, large number of wells and high cost, and the adaptability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of a low-permeability gas reservoir gas well based on conventional production data at the initial production stage of the gas well.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of a low-permeability gas reservoir gas well comprises the following steps:
s1, preferably a productivity well testing method: a one-point method is used as a method for evaluating the productivity of the gas well;
s2, acquiring one-point method capacity formula parameters;
s3, calculating the gas well verification non-resistance flow:
and S4, evaluating the gas well capacity under the current pressure according to the calculation result of the step S3, and guiding the gas well production allocation.
Further, the one-point method capacity formula in step S2 is as follows:
in the formula, qAOFAbsolute unimpeded flow, 104m3/d；
PR-original formation pressure, MPa;
Pwf-bottom hole flow pressure, MPa;
qg-gas well initial gas production, ten thousand squares per day;
alpha-one-point method productivity coefficient.
Further, the acquiring of the one-point method capacity formula parameters in the step S2 specifically includes:
a, acquiring the original formation pressure: taking the formation pressure before the gas well is put into production as the original formation pressure of the gas well;
b, acquiring the initial gas production rate of the gas well: selecting the daily average gas production rate of 30 days before the gas well is put into production as the initial gas production rate of the gas well;
c, acquiring bottom hole flowing pressure: calculating bottom hole flowing pressure by using wellhead casing pressure at the initial production stage of the gas well;
and d, acquiring a one-point method productivity coefficient alpha of the gas well.
Further, the method for acquiring the c-bottom hole flow pressure comprises the following steps: according to a Cullender-Smith static gas column method, the well depth is divided into two parts from a well head to a middle point and from the middle point to a well bottom, and the well bottom pressure is solved by adopting a two-step trapezoidal integration method.
Further, the first method for obtaining the gas well one-point method productivity coefficient α by the method d is as follows: and obtaining a gas well binomial productivity equation according to calculation, then obtaining a binomial expression of the one-point method productivity coefficient according to the equation, and calculating the one-point method productivity coefficient alpha according to the binomial expression.
Specifically, the gas well binomial energy production equation is as follows:
wherein A and B are binomial laminar flow and turbulence coefficient respectively.
Specifically, the binomial expression of the one-point method energy production coefficient α is:
further, the second method for obtaining the gas well one-point method productivity coefficient alpha by the method d is as follows: and drawing an intersection graph of the one-point method productivity coefficient and the formation coefficient to obtain the correlation of the one-point method productivity coefficient and the formation coefficient, and further obtaining the one-point method productivity coefficient alpha.
Specifically, the correlation formula of the one-point method energy production coefficient and the formation coefficient is as follows:
α＝-0.077ln(kh)+0.5946，
wherein alpha and kh are respectively a one-point method energy production coefficient and a formation coefficient.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention designs a gas well non-resistance flow calculation method by utilizing the conventional casing pressure and yield data at the initial production stage, and the non-resistance flow of the gas well is evaluated by utilizing the conventional production data at the initial production stage of the gas well, so that bases are provided for the production allocation of a new well and the capacity verification of an old well.
2. The method utilizes the conventional production data of the initial stage of the gas well to evaluate the gas well check unimpeded flow, combines the empirical formula of the gas field productivity test, and can quickly, quickly and accurately calculate the gas well unimpeded flow. The invention can greatly shorten the test time, reduce the test cost and avoid the resource waste under the condition of not influencing the development and the production of the gas field.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to clearly understand the technical solutions of the present invention and to implement the technical solutions according to the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other designs and drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a plot of a typical block formation coefficient fit to a point-normal coefficient;
FIG. 2 is a graph of X well production;
FIG. 3 is a cross-plot of open-flow versus steady-life daily gas production for a typical block gas well.
Detailed Description
The conception, the specific structure, and the technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features, and the effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of a low-permeability gas reservoir gas well, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preferably a productivity well testing method: at present, the common productivity well testing methods comprise system well testing (back pressure well testing), isochronous well testing, correction isochronous well testing and one-point method well testing, and each productivity testing method has respective advantages and disadvantages. A large amount of natural gas is discharged during well testing of the system, so that great waste is caused; the time for the isochronous well testing pressure to reach the stable time is too long, which is not beneficial to the economic and efficient development of the gas field; the correction of the isochronous well testing shortens the testing time and reduces certain cost on the basis of the isochronous well testing, but for a hypotonic gas field, the pressure stabilizing time is longer, and normal production cannot be realized in the testing period; the one-point method well testing can quickly obtain the non-resistance flow of the gas well only by one yield and stable bottom hole flow pressure data under the yield, the well closing is not needed in the whole process, the production is not influenced, meanwhile, the cost is lower, the accuracy of the gas field with more abundant well testing data is higher, the influence of the type and the characteristics of a reservoir stratum on the productivity well testing is comprehensively considered, the well testing data of an old gas field is abundant, and a productivity empirical formula can be established, so that the one-point method is selected as a method for evaluating the productivity of the gas well;
s2, acquiring one-point method productivity formula parameters, including acquiring original formation pressure, gas well initial gas production rate, bottom hole flowing pressure and gas well one-point method productivity coefficient;
the one-point method capacity formula is as follows:
in the formula, qAOFAbsolute unimpeded flow, 104m3/d；
PR-original formation pressure, MPa;
Pwf-bottom hole flow pressure, MPa;
qg-gas well initial gas production, ten thousand squares per day;
alpha-one-point method productivity coefficient;
s3, calculating the gas well verification non-resistance flow: counting the original formation pressure, the bottom hole flow pressure and the initial gas production rate of the gas well calculated in the step S2, establishing a single-well file of each gas well by using the one-point method energy production coefficient alpha of the gas well calculated in the step S3, and calculating the one-point method check non-resistance flow considering the conventional production data of the gas well by combining the related data in the file and a non-resistance flow calculation formula;
and S4, evaluating the gas well capacity under the current pressure according to the calculation result of the step S3, and guiding the gas well production allocation.
According to the development experience of the low-permeability gas field, the wellhead casing pressure and the yield of the gas well tend to be stable after the gas well is put into production for 30 days, so that the non-resistance flow of the gas well is verified by using conventional production data (the average daily gas yield of 30 days before the gas well is put into production), and the calculation result is reliable, accurate and systematic; meanwhile, the gas well production allocation can be effectively guided by using the gas well check unimpeded flow, and the method has important significance for checking the yield of the old well and guiding the yield of the new well; under the condition of not influencing gas field development and production, the testing time can be greatly shortened, and the testing cost is reduced.
Example 2:
based on the embodiment 1, further, the obtaining of the parameters of the one-point method capacity formula in the step S2 specifically includes:
a, acquiring the original formation pressure: and selecting the daily average gas production rate of 30 days before the gas well is put into production as the initial gas production rate of the gas well.
b, acquiring the initial gas production rate of the gas well: according to the development experience of the low-permeability gas field, the well head casing pressure and the yield tend to be stable after the gas well is put into production for 30 days, so the daily average gas production rate of 30 days before the gas well is put into production is selected as the initial gas production rate of the gas well.
c, acquiring bottom hole flowing pressure: dividing the well depth into two parts, namely a well head part to a middle point part and a middle point part to a well bottom part, and solving the well bottom pressure by adopting a two-step trapezoidal integration method according to a Cullender-Smith static gas column method; the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly, combining the 30-day end casing pressure, and calculating the midpoint pressure through iteration; then, continuously iterating the obtained midpoint pressure to calculate the bottom hole pressure; and finally, correcting to obtain a more accurate value of the bottom hole flow pressure through the Simpson rule.
d, acquiring a one-point method productivity coefficient alpha of the gas well: obtaining a gas well binomial productivity equation according to calculation, then obtaining a binomial expression of the one-point method productivity coefficient according to the equation, and obtaining the one-point method productivity coefficient alpha through calculation of the binomial expression; specifically, the gas well binomial energy production equation is as follows:
wherein A and B are binomial laminar flow and turbulence coefficient respectively.
Specifically, the binomial expression of the one-point method energy production coefficient α is:
it should be noted that, for a new well, the one-point method productivity coefficient of the well can be obtained by obtaining the formation coefficient, and the specific method is as follows: and drawing an intersection graph of the one-point method productivity coefficient and the formation coefficient kh to obtain the correlation (alpha ═ 0.077ln (kh) +0.5946) of the one-point method productivity coefficient and further obtain the one-point method productivity coefficient alpha.
It is worth mentioning that in the calculation of the conventional gas well unobstructed flow, the stable flow pressure and the yield obtained by a one-point method productivity test are usually used as the basis for calculation, and the invention provides that the conventional casing pressure and yield data at the initial stage of production are used for calculation;
the novel method for evaluating the gas well non-resistance flow by using the conventional production data at the initial stage of the gas well can quickly, quickly and accurately calculate the gas well non-resistance flow by combining with the empirical formula of the gas field productivity test. The invention can greatly shorten the test time, reduce the test cost and avoid the resource waste under the condition of not influencing the development and the production of the gas field.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, a typical block M of an ancient low-permeability carbonate reservoir in a Jingbian gas field is taken as a target to be measured, and the non-resistance flow of all gas wells in the block is verified, so that a method for evaluating the non-resistance flow of the gas wells based on the initial conventional production data of the gas wells is provided, which includes the following steps (taking an X well in the block M as an example):
step 1) optimized productivity well testing method
Aiming at the characteristics of long development time, heavy production task and rich and comprehensive test data of the Jing-edge gas field, the adaptability of different capacity test methods is comprehensively considered by combining the low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir physical property characteristics of the Jing-edge gas field, and a point method is preferably used as a method for evaluating the capacity of the Jing-edge gas field gas well.
Step 2) one-point method productivity formula parameter acquisition
The one-point method productivity formula is shown as formula 1:
in the formula, qAOFAbsolute unimpeded flow, 104m3/d；
PR-original formation pressure, MPa;
Pwf-bottom hole flow pressure, MPa;
qg-gas well initial gas production, ten thousand squares per day;
alpha-one-point method productivity coefficient;
in gas wells with typical blocks of ancient low-permeability carbonate reservoirs in a Jingbian gas field and abundant well testing test data, gas wells with no gas testing flow and good production conditions are preferably selected, and X wells are taken as an example.
a. Original formation pressure: through formation pressure test, the original formation pressure of the X well is 29.78 MPa.
b. Bottom hole flowing pressure: the bottom hole flow pressure of the X well is calculated by using a Cullender-Smith static gas column method, the depth of the gas reservoir of the X well is 3262.4m, the pressure and the temperature of the well head are respectively 24.2MPa and 293.15K, the bottom hole temperature is 373.15K, the pseudo-critical pressure and the temperature of natural gas are respectively 4.7MPa and 200.6K, the relative density of the natural gas is 0.6, and the gas compression factor is 0.85 by checking a chart. And (3) separating variables and integrating the gas stable flow energy equation, and simplifying the variables into a formula 2:
the well depth is divided into a well head to a middle point and a middle point to a well bottom by a Cullender-Smith method, and integration is carried out by a two-step trapezoidal integration method. Firstly, combining wellhead pressure, and calculating midpoint pressure through iteration; and then, continuously iterating the obtained midpoint pressure, and calculating the bottom hole pressure, wherein the bottom hole flow pressure of the X well is 27.34 MPa.
c. Gas well initial gas production: and inquiring historical production data of the X well, selecting the average daily gas production rate of 30 days before production as the initial gas production rate of the gas well, and calculating to obtain the initial gas production rate of the X well, wherein the initial gas production rate of the X well is 2.1 ten thousand square/day.
Step 3) one-point method coefficient alpha optimization
Combining the related historical system well testing and correcting isochronous well testing data to obtain a gas well binomial productivity equation (formula 3) and obtain the unimpeded flow qAOFWherein A and B are binomial laminar and turbulent coefficients, respectively.
From the equation (4), a relational expression of coefficients of a point method can be obtained
The alpha value can be obtained by combining the related conventional productivity well testing data. And (5) making a point method coefficient and formation coefficient intersection graph (shown in figure 1) to obtain the correlation (formula 5).
α＝-0.077ln(kh)+0.5946 (5)
The formation coefficient of the X well was 30.6435 mD.m, and the one-point method parameter α of the X well was found to be 0.33 by taking this as equation (5). Meanwhile, it is calculated that one-point parameter ranges from 0.3 to 0.64 for all gas wells in a typical block M.
Step 4) calculating the non-resistance flow of gas well verification
Summarizing the relevant data of the X well (shown in figure 2), the initial daily average gas production is 2.1 ten thousand square per day, the original formation pressure is 29.78MPa, the point-normal coefficient is 0.33, the bottom hole flow pressure is 27.34MPa, and the verification unimpeded flow of the X well is 7.07 ten thousand square per day by using the formula 1.
Step 5) reliability verification
According to the method for evaluating the unimpeded flow of the low-permeability gas reservoir gas well, the unimpeded flow of a typical M-block gas well of a Jingbian low-permeability gas field in Ordos basin is evaluated and verified.
The method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of the low-permeability gas reservoir gas well provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for predicting the current productivity of the gas well, the prediction result is shown in figure 3, the reference numeral 1 represents the original productivity of the gas well, and the reference numeral 2 represents the current productivity of the gas well. Average test gas unimpeded flow 26.97 multiplied by 10 of more than 200 gas wells participating in prediction4m3D, predicting the current average unimpeded flow of 25.34 x 104m3And d. The average error is only 6.06% by comparing the measured capacity with the calculated capacity through 200 gas wells, as shown in table 1.
And evaluating the reasonable production scale of more than 200 gas wells of the gas field at present according to the productivity prediction result, and providing a basis for the later-stage production adjustment of the gas field, as shown in the table 2. According to the prediction result and by combining with the production allocation experience of different types of gas wells of the gas field, the current reasonable production scale of more than 200 gas wells is determined to be 32.57-54.29 multiplied by 108m3/a。
TABLE 1 comparison of measured and calculated capacity for a portion of a gas well in a gas field
TABLE 2 evaluation of the current rational production scale of more than 200 gas wells in a certain gas field
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that many other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, which will fall within the scope and spirit of the principles disclosed herein. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of a low-permeability gas reservoir gas well is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preferably a productivity well testing method: a one-point method is used as a method for evaluating the productivity of the gas well;
s2, acquiring one-point method capacity formula parameters;
s3, calculating the gas well verification non-resistance flow:
and S4, predicting the gas well capacity under the current pressure according to the calculation result of the step S3, and guiding the gas well production allocation.
2. The method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of the low-permeability gas reservoir well as recited in claim 1, wherein the one-point method productivity formula in the step S2 is as follows:
in the formula, qAOFAbsolute unimpeded flow, 104m3/d；
PR-original formation pressure, MPa;
Pwf-bottom hole flow pressure, MPa;
qg-gas well initial gas production, ten thousand squares per day;
alpha-one-point method productivity coefficient.
3. The method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of the hypotonic gas reservoir gas well as defined in claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the parameters of the one-point productivity formula in the step S2 specifically comprises:
a, acquiring the original formation pressure: taking the formation pressure before the gas well is put into production as the original formation pressure of the gas well;
b, acquiring the initial gas production rate of the gas well: selecting the daily average gas production rate of 30 days before the gas well is put into production as the initial gas production rate of the gas well;
c, acquiring bottom hole flowing pressure: calculating bottom hole flowing pressure by using wellhead casing pressure at the initial production stage of the gas well;
and d, acquiring a one-point method productivity coefficient alpha of the gas well.
4. The method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of the low-permeability gas reservoir well as recited in claim 3, wherein the c bottom hole flow pressure is obtained by: according to a Cullender-Smith static gas column method, the well depth is divided into two parts from a well head to a middle point and from the middle point to a well bottom, and the well bottom pressure is solved by adopting a two-step trapezoidal integration method.
5. The method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of the low-permeability gas reservoir gas well as recited in claim 3, wherein the first method for obtaining the one-point method productivity coefficient alpha of the gas well is as follows: and obtaining a gas well binomial productivity equation according to calculation, then obtaining a binomial expression of the one-point method productivity coefficient according to the equation, and calculating the one-point method productivity coefficient alpha according to the binomial expression.
6. The method for evaluating unobstructed flow from a low permeability gas reservoir gas well as defined in claim 5 wherein the gas well binomial productivity equation is:
wherein A and B are binomial laminar flow and turbulence coefficient respectively.
7. The method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of the low-permeability gas reservoir well as recited in claim 5, wherein the binomial expression of the one-point method productivity coefficient α is as follows:
8. the method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of the low-permeability gas reservoir gas well as defined in claim 3, wherein the second method for obtaining the one-point method productivity coefficient alpha of the gas well is as follows: and drawing an intersection graph of the one-point method productivity coefficient and the formation coefficient to obtain the correlation of the one-point method productivity coefficient and the formation coefficient, and further obtaining the one-point method productivity coefficient alpha.
9. The method for evaluating the unobstructed flow of the low-permeability gas reservoir well as recited in claim 8, wherein the correlation formula of the one-point method productivity coefficient and the formation coefficient is as follows:
α＝-0.077ln(kh)+0.5946，
wherein alpha and kh are respectively a one-point method energy production coefficient and a formation coefficient.
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