CN115419101A - Existing foundation bolt reinforcing device for power transmission line tower and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Existing foundation bolt reinforcing device for power transmission line tower and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115419101A CN115419101A CN202211043737.2A CN202211043737A CN115419101A CN 115419101 A CN115419101 A CN 115419101A CN 202211043737 A CN202211043737 A CN 202211043737A CN 115419101 A CN115419101 A CN 115419101A
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- bottom plate
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- reinforcing
- tower
- shoe
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- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D37/00—Repair of damaged foundations or foundation structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
- E04H12/2207—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used
- E04H12/2215—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground
- E04H12/223—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground with movable anchoring elements; with separately driven anchor rods
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
- E04H12/2292—Holders used for protection, repair or reinforcement of the post or pole
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an existing foundation bolt reinforcing device for a power transmission line tower and a construction method thereof, and the existing foundation bolt reinforcing device comprises a reinforcing bottom plate which is fixedly connected with a tower foot bottom plate along the periphery of the tower foot bottom plate, wherein shoe plates which are arranged in a cross shape are fixedly arranged on the tower foot bottom plate, stiffening plates vertically extend from two sides of each shoe plate and are fixedly connected on the tower foot bottom plate, the stiffening plates and the shoe plates extend to the outer end part of the tower foot bottom plate, the extending butt joints of the adjacent stiffening plates are fixedly connected into a whole, an outer welding shoe plate fixedly connected with the outer end of each shoe plate is fixedly arranged on the reinforcing bottom plate along the extending direction of each shoe plate, and an outer welding stiffening plate fixedly connected with the outer end of each stiffening plate is fixedly arranged on the reinforcing bottom plate along the extending direction of each stiffening plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power transmission lines, in particular to a reinforcing device for an existing foundation bolt of a power transmission line tower and a construction method of the reinforcing device.
Background
In the prior art, the field of reinforcing existing iron towers against wind or other external force generally focuses on reinforcing the iron tower members and foundations. Patents or techniques in this regard are relatively general and numerous. For example, the reinforcing method in the aspect of the iron tower comprises the steps of increasing the section, sticking steel plates, wrapping reinforced concrete and the like. In the aspect of the foundation, a section-enlarging reinforcing method, a replaced concrete or composite section reinforcing method and the like can be selected according to actual conditions, and the technology adopted by matching with the foundation reinforcing comprises a crack repairing technology, an anchoring technology and a rust removing technology.
The iron tower foot plate directly bears all loads of the iron tower and the lead due to special positions, and the foundation bolt is pre-embedded in the foundation concrete; both lead to iron tower ground bolt's reinforcement or change very difficult. At present, a reinforcing method and a reinforcing result for ground bolts of a transmission tower are very rare, and the reinforcing method and the reinforcing result can be regarded as staying at a blank stage.
Because the foundation bolt has no strength standard value, the design value of the strength of the foundation bolt is relatively conservative compared with the foreign standard, and the damage phenomenon in wind damage is less, so that the tensile strength (allowable value) of the foundation bolt is 1.32 times of the design strength of the bolt for checking and calculating the enduring wind speed.
The processing method for the foundation bolts in the field of power transmission towers in China is based on the overload capacity of the foundation bolts, has enough safety reserve, and is considered to be unnecessary to reinforce. This is contrary to the regulation theory and the processing scheme reduces the reliability of the tower.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the existing foundation bolt reinforcing device for the power transmission line tower, which is reasonable in structure, stable and reliable.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an existing rag bolt reinforcement device of transmission line shaft tower, includes along the reinforcing bottom plate of tower foot bottom plate periphery and with the tower foot bottom plate link firmly, the boots board that is "ten" style of calligraphy setting has set firmly on the tower foot bottom plate, the vertical extension in boots board both sides has stiffening plate and stiffening plate all to link firmly on the tower foot bottom plate, and stiffening plate and boots board all extend to tower foot bottom plate outer tip, and adjacent stiffening plate extension butt joint department links firmly as an organic whole, the outer shoe plate that welds that has set firmly with boots board outer end rigid coupling along boots board extending direction on the reinforcing bottom plate, the outer welding stiffening plate that has set firmly with stiffening plate outer end rigid coupling along stiffening plate extending direction on the reinforcing bottom plate.
Further, the thickness of the reinforcing bottom plate is equal to that of the tower foot bottom plate.
Furthermore, the boot plate comprises a first boot plate and a second boot plate which are vertically arranged, two stiffening plates are vertically and fixedly arranged on two side edges of one end of the first boot plate, two stiffening plates are vertically and fixedly arranged on two side edges of one end of the second boot plate, and the two intersecting stiffening plates are fixedly connected together.
Furthermore, the shoe plate and the outer welding shoe plate are welded through an equal-strength butt welding seam, and the stiffening plate and the outer welding stiffening plate are welded through an equal-strength butt welding seam.
Furthermore, the outer welding shoe plate and the outer welding stiffening plate extend to the outer end part of the upper surface of the reinforced bottom plate.
Further, set up the square hole with the butt joint of column foot bottom plate on the reinforcement bottom plate and link firmly with the welding of column foot bottom plate, be connected through bar planting and column foot bottom plate below pile foundation on the reinforcement bottom plate, the pile foundation exceeds earth's surface department and has set firmly the reinforcement platform along its week side, it all inserts downwards in the slant all to consolidate the platform bottom end and is equipped with a plurality of reinforcement bed framves, it is provided with the stock all to the slant in the reinforcement bed frame, stock top level extends into the pile foundation and links firmly with the bar planting.
A construction method of an existing foundation bolt reinforcing device of a power transmission line tower is carried out according to the following steps: the existing foundation bolt reinforcing device for the transmission line tower of any one of claims 1-6 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a reinforced bottom plate with the same thickness and material as the tower foot bottom plate to be butted around the original tower foot bottom plate to form a larger bottom plate; expanding the shoe plates and the stiffening plates of the original tower foot to the size of the needed tower foot bottom plate through the outer welding stiffening plates and the outer welding shoe plates by means of equal-strength butt welding seams; the joint between the outer welding stiffening plate and the outer welding boot plate can be connected by fillet welding; fixedly connecting a tower footing bottom plate on a pile foundation through foundation bolts, and reserving a hole for inserting an anchor rod on the pile foundation; and (5) arranging a reinforcing base frame and a reinforcing platform which are poured and obliquely inserted into the earth surface at the periphery of the pile foundation to finish construction. Because the foundation bolt has no strength standard value, considering that the design value of the strength of the foundation bolt is relatively conservative compared with the foreign standard and the damage phenomenon in wind damage is less, the tensile strength (allowable value) of the foundation bolt is 1.32 times of the design strength of the bolt for checking and calculating the enduring wind speed.
Therefore, the foundation bolt processing method in the field of power transmission towers in China is based on the overload capacity of the foundation bolt, has enough safe reserve and is not considered to be reinforced. This is contrary to the regulation theory and the processing scheme reduces the reliability of the tower.
The invention provides an existing foundation bolt reinforcing device for a power transmission line tower and a construction method thereof, and the existing foundation bolt reinforcing device can be applied to actual engineering. The whole set of technology effectively solves the engineering problem, and has the characteristics of electrified in-situ reinforcement and safe and controllable construction process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the bottom contact area is increased by arranging the reinforcing bottom plate, the outer welding shoe plate and the outer welding stiffening plate are welded outside the shoe plate and the stiffening plate, the load is effectively dispersed, the overall stability is improved, and meanwhile, the structural stability is further improved through the fixed arrangement of the joint of the stiffening plate.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention with the reinforcing table and reinforcing base frame removed;
FIG. 4 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention with the reinforcing table and reinforcing base frame removed.
In the figure: 1-tower footing bottom plate, 2-reinforcing bottom plate, 3-shoe plate, 4-stiffening plate, 5-outer welding shoe plate, 6-outer welding stiffening plate, 7-first shoe plate, 8-second shoe plate, 9-square hole, 10-bar planting, 11-pile foundation, 12-foundation bolt, 13-reinforcing platform, 14-reinforcing pedestal and 15-anchor rod.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, an existing foundation bolt reinforcing device for a power transmission line tower comprises a reinforcing bottom plate 2 which is fixedly connected with a tower foot bottom plate along the periphery of the tower foot bottom plate 1, shoe plates 3 which are arranged in a cross shape are fixedly arranged on the tower foot bottom plate, stiffening plates 4 are vertically extended on two sides of each shoe plate and are fixedly connected to the tower foot bottom plate, the stiffening plates and the shoe plates are extended to the outer end of the tower foot bottom plate, the extending butt joints of the adjacent stiffening plates are fixedly connected into a whole, outer welding shoe plates 5 fixedly connected with the outer ends of the shoe plates are fixedly arranged on the reinforcing bottom plate along the extending direction of the shoe plates, and outer welding stiffening plates 6 fixedly connected with the outer ends of the stiffening plates are fixedly arranged on the reinforcing bottom plate along the extending direction of the stiffening plates.
In the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the reinforced bottom plate is equal to that of the tower foot bottom plate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the boot plate comprises a first boot plate 7 and a second boot plate 8 which are vertically arranged, two stiffening plates are vertically and fixedly arranged on two side edges of one end of the first boot plate, two stiffening plates are vertically and fixedly arranged on two side edges of one end of the second boot plate, and the two crossed stiffening plates are fixedly connected together.
In the embodiment of the invention, the shoe plate and the outer welding shoe plate are welded through an equal-strength butt welding seam, and the stiffening plate and the outer welding stiffening plate are welded through an equal-strength butt welding seam.
In the embodiment of the invention, the outer welding shoe plate and the outer welding stiffening plate extend to the outer end part of the upper surface of the reinforced bottom plate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing bottom plate is provided with square holes 9 butted with the tower foot bottom plate and fixedly connected with the tower foot bottom plate in a welding way, the reinforcing bottom plate is connected with a pile foundation 11 below the tower foot bottom plate through embedded bars 10, the tower foot bottom plate is fixedly connected on the pile foundation through foundation bolts 12, the pile foundation is higher than the ground surface and fixedly provided with reinforcing tables 13 along the peripheral sides of the pile foundation, the bottom ends of the reinforcing tables are obliquely downwards inserted with four groups of reinforcing base frames 14 which are respectively arranged on the periphery of the pile foundation and obliquely externally inserted into the ground surface from top to bottom, the reinforcing tables and the reinforcing base frames are molded by concrete pouring, anchor rods 15 are obliquely arranged in the reinforcing base frames, and the top ends of the anchor rods horizontally extend into the pile foundation and are fixedly connected with the embedded bars in a welding way.
A construction method of an existing foundation bolt reinforcing device of a power transmission line tower is carried out according to the following steps: the existing foundation bolt reinforcing device for the transmission line tower of any one of claims 1-6 is adopted and is carried out according to the following steps: firstly, selecting a reinforced bottom plate with the same thickness and material as the tower foot bottom plate to be butted around the original tower foot bottom plate to form a larger bottom plate; expanding the shoe plates and the stiffening plates of the original tower foot to the size of the needed tower foot plate by welding the stiffening plates and the outer welding shoe plates through the equal-strength butt welding seam; the joint between the outer welding stiffening plate and the outer welding boot plate can be connected by fillet welding; fixedly connecting a tower foot bottom plate on a pile foundation through foundation bolts, and reserving a hole for inserting an anchor rod on the pile foundation; and (4) arranging a reinforcing base frame and a reinforcing platform which are poured and obliquely inserted into the earth surface at the periphery of the pile foundation to finish construction.
In the embodiment of the invention, the bottom contact area is increased by arranging the reinforcing bottom plate, the outer welding shoe plate and the outer welding stiffening plate are welded outside the shoe plate and the stiffening plate, the load is effectively dispersed, the integral stability is increased, meanwhile, the structural stability is further increased by fixedly arranging the joint of the stiffening plates, the wind resistance is enhanced, and the reliability is higher; the cooperation of consolidating the platform and consolidating the bed frame will further set up the pile foundation, guarantees the stability of pile foundation and top transmission line shaft tower.
The invention is not limited to the best embodiment, and any person can obtain the existing foundation bolt reinforcing device of the transmission line tower in other various forms and the construction method thereof under the teaching of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an existing rag bolt reinforcement device of transmission line shaft tower which characterized in that: include along the reinforcing bottom plate that tower foot bottom plate periphery set up and linked firmly with the tower foot bottom plate, set firmly the shoe plate that is "ten" style of calligraphy setting on the tower foot bottom plate, the shoe plate both sides all vertically link firmly strength board and all link firmly on the tower foot bottom plate, strength board and shoe plate all extend to tower foot bottom plate outer tip, and adjacent strength board extension butt joint department links firmly as an organic wholely, the outer welding shoe plate with shoe plate outer end rigid coupling sets firmly along shoe plate extending direction on the reinforcing bottom plate, the outer welding strength board with strength board outer end rigid coupling sets firmly along strength board stretching direction on the reinforcing bottom plate.
2. The existing foundation bolt reinforcing device of the transmission line tower of claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the reinforcing bottom plate is equal to that of the tower foot bottom plate.
3. The existing foundation bolt reinforcing device of transmission line shaft tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: the boot plate comprises a first boot plate and a second boot plate which are vertically arranged, two stiffening plates are vertically and fixedly arranged on two side edges of one end of the first boot plate, two stiffening plates are vertically and fixedly arranged on two side edges of one end of the second boot plate, and the two intersecting stiffening plates are fixedly connected together.
4. The existing foundation bolt reinforcing device of the transmission line tower of claim 1, characterized in that: the boot plate and the outer welding boot plate are welded through an equal-strength butt welding seam, and the stiffening plate and the outer welding stiffening plate are welded through an equal-strength butt welding seam.
5. The existing foundation bolt reinforcing device of the transmission line tower of claim 1, characterized in that: and the outer welding boot plate and the outer welding stiffening plate extend to the outer end part of the upper surface of the reinforced bottom plate.
6. The existing foundation bolt reinforcing device of transmission line shaft tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reinforcing bottom plate is provided with a square hole butted with the tower foot bottom plate and fixedly connected with the tower foot bottom plate in a welding mode, the reinforcing bottom plate is connected with a pile foundation below the tower foot bottom plate through embedded bars, the pile foundation is higher than the earth surface and fixedly provided with a reinforcing platform along the peripheral sides of the pile foundation, the bottom end of the reinforcing platform is obliquely downwards inserted to form a plurality of reinforcing base frames, anchor rods are obliquely arranged in the reinforcing base frames, and the top ends of the anchor rods horizontally extend into the pile foundation and are fixedly connected with the embedded bars.
7. A construction method of an existing foundation bolt reinforcing device of a power transmission line tower is characterized in that the existing foundation bolt reinforcing device of any one of the power transmission line towers of claims 1-6 is adopted, and the construction method is carried out according to the following steps: firstly, selecting a reinforced bottom plate with the same thickness and material as the tower foot bottom plate to be butted around the original tower foot bottom plate to form a larger bottom plate; expanding the shoe plates and the stiffening plates of the original tower foot to the size of the needed tower foot bottom plate through the outer welding stiffening plates and the outer welding shoe plates by means of equal-strength butt welding seams; the joint between the outer welding stiffening plate and the outer welding boot plate can be connected by fillet welding; fixedly connecting a tower footing bottom plate on a pile foundation through foundation bolts, and reserving a hole for inserting an anchor rod on the pile foundation; and (5) arranging a reinforcing base frame and a reinforcing platform which are poured and obliquely inserted into the earth surface at the periphery of the pile foundation to finish construction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211043737.2A CN115419101A (en) | 2022-08-30 | 2022-08-30 | Existing foundation bolt reinforcing device for power transmission line tower and construction method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211043737.2A CN115419101A (en) | 2022-08-30 | 2022-08-30 | Existing foundation bolt reinforcing device for power transmission line tower and construction method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115419101A true CN115419101A (en) | 2022-12-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211043737.2A Pending CN115419101A (en) | 2022-08-30 | 2022-08-30 | Existing foundation bolt reinforcing device for power transmission line tower and construction method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN115419101A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115749415A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-03-07 | 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 | Embedded type dodecahedron spiral tower foot structure and pulling design method thereof |
| CN118390888A (en) * | 2024-06-28 | 2024-07-26 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Foundation bolt reinforcing method and structure for angle steel tower of overhead transmission line |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018021322A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-08 | 東京電力ホールディングス株式会社 | Pile foundation and tower reconstruction method |
| CN110616733A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2019-12-27 | 中国电建集团贵州电力设计研究院有限公司 | Integral reinforcing device and method for foundation and component of power transmission tower |
| CN112411607A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-02-26 | 中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司 | Anchor rod foundation for reinforcing power transmission line foundation |
-
2022
- 2022-08-30 CN CN202211043737.2A patent/CN115419101A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018021322A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-08 | 東京電力ホールディングス株式会社 | Pile foundation and tower reconstruction method |
| CN110616733A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2019-12-27 | 中国电建集团贵州电力设计研究院有限公司 | Integral reinforcing device and method for foundation and component of power transmission tower |
| CN112411607A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-02-26 | 中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司 | Anchor rod foundation for reinforcing power transmission line foundation |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115749415A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-03-07 | 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 | Embedded type dodecahedron spiral tower foot structure and pulling design method thereof |
| CN115749415B (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2024-05-10 | 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 | Embedded type dodder spiral shell tower foot structure and pull-up design method thereof |
| CN118390888A (en) * | 2024-06-28 | 2024-07-26 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Foundation bolt reinforcing method and structure for angle steel tower of overhead transmission line |
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Application publication date: 20221202 |