CN115418602A - Carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents
Carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115418602A CN115418602A CN202211263158.9A CN202211263158A CN115418602A CN 115418602 A CN115418602 A CN 115418602A CN 202211263158 A CN202211263158 A CN 202211263158A CN 115418602 A CN115418602 A CN 115418602A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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Abstract
The invention provides a carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel, which comprises the following steps: providing a workpiece; grinding the surface of the workpiece smoothly by using sand paper; soaking the workpiece in an acidic solution; cleaning a workpiece by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine; preheating a carbonitriding furnace, and feeding carbonitriding gas; and after the workpiece is put into the carbonitriding furnace, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas for a proper time, and taking out the workpiece. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the surface of the workpiece is ground by using sand paper, so that the fine granularity of the surface tissue of the workpiece is improved; the acid washing method is adopted to improve the activity of the surface tissue of the workpiece and break the surface oxide layer of the workpiece; the surface of the workpiece is cleaned by an ultrasonic cleaning method, and a channel for carbon and nitrogen atoms to penetrate into a workpiece substrate is dredged; during the carbon and nitrogen co-permeation, the preheating treatment is firstly carried out, and then during the carbonitriding, carbon and nitrogen atoms are deeply penetrated into a workpiece substrate, so that the thickness, the surface hardness and the wear resistance of a carbonitriding layer of the austenitic stainless steel are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment processes, and particularly relates to a carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel.
Background
The austenitic stainless steel is stainless steel having an austenitic structure at normal temperature. The steel has a stable austenitic structure when it contains about 18% Cr, 8% to 25% Ni, and about 0.1% C. The austenitic stainless steel is nonmagnetic, has excellent mechanical property, high toughness and plasticity, and strong machinability and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of chemical industry, automobiles, machinery, shipping, marine components and the like; however, the austenitic stainless steel has the disadvantages that the surface strength and hardness are low, the abrasion resistance and the fatigue resistance are low, and the austenitic stainless steel cannot be strengthened through phase transformation due to extremely low carbon content, so that the application range and the service life of the austenitic stainless steel are seriously influenced. In order to expand the application range of the austenitic stainless steel, the surface of the austenitic stainless steel needs to be strengthened by adopting a carbonitriding treatment mode, so that the surface hardness of the austenitic stainless steel is improved, the wear resistance of the austenitic stainless steel is improved, and the service life of the austenitic stainless steel is prolonged. For example, publication numbers are: the patent document of "CN107022732A" discloses a low-temperature gas carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel, which comprises the steps of performing surface passivation film treatment on an austenitic stainless steel workpiece, putting the austenitic stainless steel into a carbonitriding furnace, vacuumizing and introducing carbonitriding gas to perform carbonitriding treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: providing a workpiece, wherein the workpiece is made of austenitic stainless steel;
step two: grinding the surface of the workpiece by using sand paper to be smooth;
step three: putting the workpiece into an acidic solution, soaking for a proper time, taking out, and cleaning the workpiece by using clear water;
step four: putting the workpiece into an ultrasonic cleaning machine, putting a cleaning agent into the ultrasonic cleaning machine, and cleaning the workpiece by using the ultrasonic cleaning machine to form a water film on the surface of the workpiece;
step five: providing a carbonitriding furnace, heating the carbonitriding furnace to a preheating temperature, and continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for a proper time to perform the next step;
step six: and after the workpiece is put into a carbonitriding furnace, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for a proper time, and taking out the workpiece.
And in the second step, the fine granularity of the sand paper is more than 1200 meshes.
And step three, putting the workpiece into an acid solution to soak for more than 30 min.
The acid solution in the third step is hydrochloric acid solution.
In the fourth step, the technological parameters for cleaning the workpiece by adopting the ultrasonic cleaner are as follows: the specification and model of the ultrasonic cleaning machine are as follows: the LK/CS-72 type ultrasonic cleaning machine has acetone solution as cleaning agent, ultrasonic cleaning machine vibration frequency of 30Hz and cleaning duration over 10 min.
And fifthly, the preheating temperature in the carbonitriding furnace is 570 ℃.
And fifthly, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for more than 30 min.
And sixthly, after the workpiece is put into the carbonitriding furnace, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for more than 600 min.
The carbonitriding gas comprises ammonia gas and ethanol, wherein the feeding flow rate of the ammonia gas is more than 0.7L/min, and the feeding flow rate of the ethanol is more than 0.1L/min.
And sixthly, arranging a fan in the carbonitriding furnace, wherein the fan is arranged above the workpiece.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the surface of the workpiece is firstly ground by using sand paper, so that the fine granularity of the surface tissue of the workpiece is improved, carbon and nitrogen atoms can penetrate into the inside of a workpiece matrix, then the workpiece is cleaned by using an acidic solution, the activity of the surface tissue of the workpiece is improved by using a chemical method, an oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece is broken, the carbon and nitrogen atoms are further facilitated to penetrate into the inside of the workpiece matrix, then the surface of the workpiece is cleaned by using an ultrasonic cleaning method, so that a channel for the carbon and nitrogen atoms to penetrate into the inside of the workpiece matrix is dredged, the carbon and nitrogen atoms are prevented from being blocked, when the carbon and nitrogen co-cementation is carried out, preheating treatment is firstly carried out, so that other gases in a carbonitriding furnace are fully discharged, the surface of the workpiece is prevented from being oxidized and passivated, when the workpiece is subjected to the co-cementation, a full co-cementation gas atmosphere is kept in the furnace, the carbon and nitrogen atoms are further promoted to penetrate into the inside of the workpiece matrix, the thickness of the carbonitriding layer is improved, the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the austenitic stainless steel is facilitated to expand the application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the carbonitriding furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the turntable of FIG. 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the temperature profile in the carbonitriding furnace with time in step six according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a gold phase diagram of the surface texture of the workpiece at the beginning;
FIG. 7 is a gold phase diagram of the surface texture of a workpiece after being subjected to the carbonitriding process provided by the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a furnace box, 2-an air guide cylinder, 3-a column, 4-a fan, 5-a turntable, 6-a bearing seat, 7-an air input pipe, 8-a locking screw, 9-a pressing block, 10-a lifting rope, 11-a workpiece, 51-an inner disc body, 52-an outer disc body, 53-a disc rib, 71-an ammonia gas input pipe and 72-an ethanol input pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the described.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a carbonitriding method of austenitic stainless steel, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: providing a workpiece 11, wherein the workpiece 11 is made of austenitic stainless steel;
step two: grinding the surface of the workpiece 11 by using sand paper to be smooth;
step three: putting the workpiece 11 into an acidic solution, soaking for a proper time, taking out, and cleaning the workpiece 11 by using clear water;
step four: putting the workpiece 11 into an ultrasonic cleaning machine, putting a cleaning agent into the ultrasonic cleaning machine, and cleaning the workpiece 11 by using the ultrasonic cleaning machine to form a water film on the surface of the workpiece 11;
step five: providing a carbonitriding furnace, heating the carbonitriding furnace to a preheating temperature, and continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for a proper time to perform the next step;
step six: after the workpiece 11 is put into the carbonitriding furnace, the carbonitriding gas is continuously fed into the carbonitriding furnace for a suitable period of time, and then the workpiece 11 is taken out.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the surface of the workpiece 11 is firstly ground by using sand paper, so that the fine granularity of the surface structure of the workpiece 11 is improved, carbon and nitrogen atoms can penetrate into the matrix of the workpiece 11, then the workpiece 11 is cleaned by using an acidic solution, the activity of the surface structure of the workpiece 11 is improved by using a chemical method, an oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece 11 is broken, the carbon and nitrogen atoms are further favorably penetrated into the matrix of the workpiece 11, then the surface of the workpiece 11 is cleaned by using an ultrasonic cleaning method, so that the channel of the carbon and nitrogen atoms penetrating into the matrix of the workpiece 11 is dredged, the carbon and nitrogen atoms are prevented from being blocked, when the carbon and nitrogen are subjected to the co-nitriding, the preheating treatment is firstly carried out, so that other gases in a carbonitriding furnace are fully discharged, the surface of the workpiece 11 is prevented from being oxidized and passivated, when the workpiece 11 is subjected to the carbonitriding, a sufficient gas atmosphere in the furnace is kept, the carbon and nitrogen atoms are further penetrated into the matrix of the workpiece 11, the thickness of the carbonitriding layer is improved, the surface hardness and the wear resistance and the application range of austenitic stainless steel is favorably expanded.
Further, the invention adopts the external dimensions of the workpiece 11 of length x width x thickness
=30mm × 20mm × 1mm. Preferably, the fine granularity of the sand paper in the second step is more than 1200 meshes. Therefore, the surface of the workpiece 11 is ground by sand paper, and the fine granularity of the surface tissue of the workpiece 11 is improved, so that carbon and nitrogen atoms can penetrate into the matrix of the workpiece 11, and the improvement of the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the austenitic stainless steel is facilitated.
In addition, in the third step, the workpiece 11 is put into the acid solution for soaking for more than 30 min. The acid solution in the third step is hydrochloric acid solution. The preferred bulk density of the hydrochloric acid solution is 30%. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the workpiece 11 is cleaned by adopting the acidic solution, the activity of the surface tissue of the workpiece 11 is improved by adopting a chemical method, and the oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece 11 is broken, so that carbon and nitrogen atoms are promoted to penetrate into the matrix of the workpiece 11, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the austenitic stainless steel are improved.
In addition, the process parameters for cleaning the workpiece 11 by using the ultrasonic cleaning machine in the fourth step are as follows: the specification and model of the ultrasonic cleaning machine are as follows: the LK/CS-72 type ultrasonic cleaning machine has acetone solution as cleaning agent, ultrasonic cleaning machine vibration frequency of 30Hz and cleaning duration over 10 min. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the surface of the workpiece 11 is cleaned by an ultrasonic cleaning method, so that the channel of carbon and nitrogen atoms penetrating into the substrate of the workpiece 11 is dredged, the carbon and nitrogen atoms are prevented from being blocked, the carbon and nitrogen atoms can be smoothly penetrated into the substrate of the workpiece 11, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the austenitic stainless steel are improved.
Further, the preheating temperature in the carbonitriding furnace in the fifth step is 570 ℃. And step five, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for more than 30 min.
Further, in the sixth step, after the workpiece 11 is put into the carbonitriding furnace, the carbonitriding gas is continuously fed into the carbonitriding furnace for a period of time of 600min or more. The carbonitriding gas comprises ammonia gas and ethanol, wherein the feeding flow rate of the ammonia gas is more than 0.7L/min, and the feeding flow rate of the ethanol is more than 0.1L/min.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, during the carbonitriding, the preheating treatment is firstly carried out, so that other gases in the carbonitriding furnace are fully removed, the surface of the workpiece 11 is prevented from being oxidized and passivated, when the workpiece 11 is put into the carbonitriding furnace, the workpiece 11 is preferably suspended in the carbonitriding furnace, the surface of the workpiece 11 is prevented from being shielded, the carbonitriding treatment can be effectively carried out on all surfaces of the workpiece 11, the workpiece 11 keeps a full carbonitriding gas atmosphere in the furnace during the carbonitriding, and then carbon and nitrogen atoms are further promoted to penetrate into the substrate of the workpiece 11, the thickness of a carbonitriding layer is improved, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of austenitic stainless steel are improved.
In addition, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, in the fifth step, the carbonitriding furnace includes a furnace box 1, an air guide cylinder 2, an upright post 3, a fan 4 and a rotary table 5, one end of the air guide cylinder 2 is fixedly connected with the top of the furnace box 1, the other end of the air guide cylinder 2 extends into the furnace box 1, the air guide cylinder 2 is further connected with a plurality of input air pipes 7, the upright post 3 is installed in the furnace box 1 by using a bearing seat 6, the fan 4 and the rotary table 5 are fixedly connected with the upright post 3, the fan 4 and the rotary table 5 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the fan 4 is accommodated in the air guide cylinder 2.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, when carbonitriding gas is fed into the furnace box through the input air pipe, the fan is driven to rotate under the pressure action of the input air flow by the fan arranged in the air guide cylinder, and simultaneously, the nitrogen-containing air flow and the carbon-containing air flow are fully mixed in the air guide cylinder and then enter the furnace box, the workpiece is suspended on the turntable by the lifting rope, so that all surfaces of the workpiece are not shielded, the turntable and the workpiece rotate along with the rotation of the fan, the carbonitriding mixed air flow flows around all surfaces of the workpiece all the time, the full carbonitriding gas atmosphere is kept around the workpiece, carbon and nitrogen atoms are driven to penetrate into the workpiece matrix, the penetration uniformity of the carbon and the nitrogen atoms is improved, and the carbonitriding effect is improved.
Further, the input gas pipe 7 includes an ammonia gas input pipe 71 and an ethanol input pipe 72. The carbonitriding gas comprises ammonia gas and ethanol, wherein the ammonia gas is fed by an ammonia gas input pipe 71 at a flow rate of more than 0.7L/min, and the ethanol is fed by an ethanol input pipe 72 at a flow rate of more than 0.1L/min.
In addition, a plurality of groups of locking screws 8 are screwed around the turntable 5, each group of locking screws 8 consists of a plurality of locking screws 8 with the same number, and each group of locking screws 8 is sleeved with a pressing block 9. The compact 9 is preferably in the shape of a rectangular thin plate as a whole. The whole turntable 5 is in a regular polygon shape, and each group of locking screws 8 correspond to the peripheral side faces of the turntable 5 one by one. Each set of locking screws 8 consists of two locking screws 8. As shown in the figure, the workpiece 11 is hung on the turntable through the lifting rope 10, the lifting rope 10 can be replaced by a stainless steel chain, the lifting rope 10 can be clamped between the pressing block 9 and the peripheral surface of the turntable 5, the disassembly is convenient, the surfaces of the workpiece can be guaranteed not to be shielded, and carbon elements and nitrogen elements can be uniformly permeated into the surfaces of the workpiece 11.
In addition, the rotating disc 5 comprises an inner disc body 51, an outer disc body 52 and a disc rib 53, the upright column 3 is connected with the inner disc body 51 through a spline, and the inner disc body 51 is connected with the outer disc body 52 through the disc rib 53. The number of the disc ribs 53 is not less than 8. The turntable 5 is preferably made of aluminum alloy, so that the quality of the turntable is reduced, and the stand column is supported in the furnace box through a rolling bearing, so that the turntable can easily rotate along with the fan under the action of carbonitriding airflow, and the carbon element and the nitrogen element are uniformly infiltrated into each surface of the workpiece.
And step six, a fan 4 is arranged in the carbon-nitrogen co-cementation furnace, and the fan 4 is arranged above the workpiece 11. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the fan 4 is arranged in the carbonitriding furnace, and the carbonitriding gas is stirred by the fan 4, so that the gases such as ammonia gas, ethanol and the like are effectively promoted to be diffused to each area in carbonitriding, the carbonitriding treatment is uniformly carried out on each surface of the workpiece 11, and the uniformity of carbonitriding is improved.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, initially, the workpiece is not nitrocarburized, and the surface hardness is HV0.3=295, but after the nitrocarburization provided by the present invention, the surface hardness of the workpiece can reach HV0.3=1010, the surface hardness of austenitic stainless steel is greatly improved, and the metallographic images of the surface of the corresponding workpiece are shown in fig. 4 and 5, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that a significant boundary line of the nitrocarburized layer appears inside the workpiece matrix.
Claims (10)
1. An austenitic stainless steel carbonitriding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: providing a workpiece (11), wherein the workpiece (11) is made of austenitic stainless steel;
step two: grinding the surface of the workpiece (11) by using sand paper to be smooth;
step three: putting the workpiece (11) into an acidic solution, soaking for a proper time, taking out, and cleaning the workpiece (11) by using clear water;
step four: putting the workpiece (11) into an ultrasonic cleaning machine, putting a cleaning agent into the ultrasonic cleaning machine, and cleaning the workpiece (11) by using the ultrasonic cleaning machine to form a water film on the surface of the workpiece (11);
step five: providing a carbonitriding furnace, heating the carbonitriding furnace to a preheating temperature, and continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for a proper time to perform the next step;
step six: after the work (11) is put into the carbonitriding furnace, the carbonitriding gas is continuously supplied into the carbonitriding furnace for a suitable period of time, and then the work (11) is taken out.
2. The method of carbonitriding an austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the second step, the fine granularity of the sand paper is more than 1200 meshes.
3. The method of carbonitriding an austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the third step, the workpiece (11) is put into the acid solution to be soaked for more than 30 min.
4. The method of carbonitriding an austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein: the acid solution in the third step is hydrochloric acid solution.
5. The method of carbonitriding an austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the technological parameters for cleaning the workpiece (11) by adopting the ultrasonic cleaner are as follows: the specification and model of the ultrasonic cleaning machine are as follows: the LK/CS-72 type ultrasonic cleaning machine is characterized in that a cleaning agent is an acetone solution, the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning machine is 30Hz, and the cleaning duration is more than 10 min.
6. The method of carbonitriding the austenitic stainless steel of claim 1, wherein: and fifthly, the preheating temperature in the carbonitriding furnace is 570 ℃.
7. The method of carbonitriding the austenitic stainless steel of claim 1, wherein: and fifthly, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for more than 30 min.
8. The method of carbonitriding an austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and step six, after the workpiece (11) is put into the carbonitriding furnace, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for more than 600 min.
9. The method of carbonitriding an austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, 7 or 8, wherein: the carbonitriding gas comprises ammonia gas and ethanol, wherein the ammonia gas feeding flow rate is more than 0.7L/min, and the ethanol feeding flow rate is more than 0.1L/min.
10. The carbonitriding method of claim 1 or 8, wherein: and sixthly, arranging a fan (4) in the carbonitriding furnace, wherein the fan (4) is arranged above the workpiece (11).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115233150A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-25 | 桂林理工大学 | Formula of rare earth carbonitriding composite salt of Q235 and 9Cr18Mo and QPQ gas carbonitriding salt bath process thereof |
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| JP2001214254A (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-07 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Method for producing high delta ferrite-containing austenitic stainless steel for welding material |
| CN106811718A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-06-09 | 浙江百达精工股份有限公司 | Compressor pump component carbo-nitriding method |
| WO2017122044A1 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-20 | Ion Heat S.A.S | Equipment for ion nitriding/nitrocarburizing treatment comprising two furnace chambers with shared resources, able to run glow discharge treatment continuously between the two chambers |
| CN107022732A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-08-08 | 机械科学研究总院青岛分院 | A kind of cryogenic gas carbo-nitriding method of austenitic stainless steel |
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2022
- 2022-10-14 CN CN202211263158.9A patent/CN115418602B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
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| JP2001214254A (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-07 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Method for producing high delta ferrite-containing austenitic stainless steel for welding material |
| WO2017122044A1 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-20 | Ion Heat S.A.S | Equipment for ion nitriding/nitrocarburizing treatment comprising two furnace chambers with shared resources, able to run glow discharge treatment continuously between the two chambers |
| CN107022732A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-08-08 | 机械科学研究总院青岛分院 | A kind of cryogenic gas carbo-nitriding method of austenitic stainless steel |
| CN106811718A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-06-09 | 浙江百达精工股份有限公司 | Compressor pump component carbo-nitriding method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115233150A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-25 | 桂林理工大学 | Formula of rare earth carbonitriding composite salt of Q235 and 9Cr18Mo and QPQ gas carbonitriding salt bath process thereof |
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