CN115418540A - Large-size high-strength high-toughness plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Large-size high-strength high-toughness plate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A large-size high-strength high-toughness plate and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of alloy processing. The invention aims to solve the problem that the strength and the toughness of the existing high-strength aluminum alloy plate are inconsistent. The large-size high-strength high-toughness plate consists of Mg, cu, mn, fe, si and the balance of Al; the method comprises the following steps: 1. preparing a cast ingot; 2. homogenizing; 3. rolling; 4. solid solution; 5. pre-stretching; 6. and (5) aging. The invention is used for large-size high-strength high-toughness plates and preparation thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy processing.
Background
The aluminum alloy is applied to the fields of automobiles, aviation, aerospace, military equipment and the like, along with the development of science and technology and economy, the demand of each field on the aluminum alloy is increased day by day, higher and higher requirements on the performance of the aluminum alloy are provided, and the research on the aluminum alloy is deepened.
The existing Al-Cu-Mg alloy plate production process has the problem that the strength and the toughness are contradictory, and the high strength and the toughness requirements cannot be met, so that the alloy plate has high strength but poor toughness; or the tensile strength and the yield strength cannot reach higher levels at the same time, so the composition and the production process of the plate still need to be researched and improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the strength and the toughness of the existing high-strength aluminum alloy plate are inconsistent, and further provides a large-specification high-strength high-toughness plate and a preparation method thereof.
The large-size high-strength high-toughness plate consists of, by mass, 0.76-1.3% of Mg, 2.28-5.2% of Cu, 0.2-0.57% of Mn, 0.02-0.04% of Fe, 0.01-0.03% of Si and the balance of Al, and the mass ratio of Cu to Mg is (3-4): 1.
A preparation method of a large-size high-strength high-toughness plate comprises the following steps:
1. preparing an ingot:
weighing aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, al-Cu alloys, al-Mn alloys, al-Fe alloys and Al-Si alloys according to the mass percentage of 0.76-1.3% of Mg, 2.28-5.2% of Cu, 0.2-0.57% of Mn, 0.02-0.04% of Fe, 0.01-0.03% of Si and the balance of Al, then weighing aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, and sequentially smelting, refining, stirring, standing, deslagging and casting the weighed aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, al-Cu alloys, al-Mn alloys, al-Fe alloys, al-Si alloys and aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner to obtain Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingots;
the mass ratio of Cu to Mg is (3-4) to 1;
2. homogenizing:
homogenizing the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingot for 20-24 h at the ingot casting temperature of 490-500 ℃, then discharging and air cooling to room temperature, and finally milling the surface to obtain a homogenized ingot;
3. rolling:
heating the homogenized cast ingot, and then rolling under the conditions that the metal temperature is 420-440 ℃, the total rolling deformation is 58-64%, the hot rolling is carried out for 5-10 passes and the rolling reduction of each pass is 6-12% to obtain an alloy plate;
4. solid solution:
trimming the alloy plate, heating to the metal temperature of 500-510 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5-2 h under the condition that the metal temperature is 500-510 ℃, and finally discharging and water quenching to obtain a solid solution alloy plate;
5. pre-stretching:
pre-stretching the solid solution alloy plate to obtain an alloy plate after stretching treatment;
6. aging:
and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the alloy plate after the stretching treatment for 11-12 h at the metal temperature of 170-180 ℃ to obtain the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate production technology has the advantages that the thickness can reach 10-20 mm, the width can reach 800-2000 mm, compared with the common 2324 aluminum alloy, the content of Fe and Si is reduced, so that the effects of grain refinement, recrystallization inhibition, solid solution strengthening and the like are achieved, the strength of the plate is improved, and meanwhile, the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate has good tensile property.
2. The Cu/Mg value of the aluminum alloy prepared by the invention is between 3 and 4, which is beneficial to the precipitation of S phase in an alloy matrix, thereby improving the room temperature mechanical property of the alloy.
3. A large amount of dislocation is introduced through hot rolling and pre-stretching treatment, and nucleation sites are provided for precipitated phases in the subsequent aging process.
4. According to the production technology of the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate, the tensile strength of the prepared Al-Cu-Mg alloy plate is 504-517 MPa, the yield strength is 395-409 MPa, the elongation is 13.9-14.7%, and the toughness and the plasticity are superior to those of a common aluminum alloy plate while the high strength is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microscopic metallographic structure photograph of an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the first step of the example;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the microstructure of a homogenized ingot prepared in step two of the example;
FIG. 3 is an SEM structural photograph of a solid solution alloy plate prepared in the fourth step of the example;
FIG. 4 is a drawing graph of a large gauge high strength and high toughness sheet made in accordance with example one;
FIG. 5 is a TEM photograph of a large-size high-strength high-toughness sheet prepared in example one.
Detailed Description
The first specific implementation way is as follows: the embodiment relates to a large-size high-strength high-toughness plate which consists of 0.76-1.3% of Mg, 2.28-5.2% of Cu, 0.2-0.57% of Mn, 0.02-0.04% of Fe, 0.01-0.03% of Si and the balance of Al in percentage by mass, wherein the mass ratio of Cu to Mg is (3-4): 1.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows:
1. according to the production technology of the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate, the thickness can reach 10-20 mm, the width can reach 800-2000 mm, compared with a common 2324 aluminum alloy, the content of Fe and Si is reduced, so that the effects of grain refinement, recrystallization inhibition, solid solution strengthening and the like are achieved, the strength of the plate is improved, and meanwhile, the plate has good tensile property.
2. The Cu/Mg value of the aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment is 3-4, which is beneficial to the precipitation of S phase in an alloy matrix, thereby improving the room-temperature mechanical property of the alloy.
3. A large amount of dislocation is introduced through hot rolling and pre-stretching treatment, and nucleation sites are provided for precipitated phases in the subsequent aging process.
4. According to the production technology of the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate, the tensile strength of the prepared Al-Cu-Mg alloy plate is 504-517 MPa, the yield strength is 395-409 MPa, the elongation is 13.9-14.7%, and the toughness and the plasticity are superior to those of a common aluminum alloy plate while the high strength is ensured.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the total mass percentage of impurities in the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate is less than 0.05%. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the embodiment provides a preparation method of a large-size high-strength high-toughness plate, which comprises the following steps:
1. preparing an ingot:
weighing aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, al-Cu alloys, al-Mn alloys, al-Fe alloys and Al-Si alloys according to the mass percentage of 0.76-1.3% of Mg, 2.28-5.2% of Cu, 0.2-0.57% of Mn, 0.02-0.04% of Fe, 0.01-0.03% of Si and the balance of Al, then weighing aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, and sequentially smelting, refining, stirring, standing, deslagging and casting the weighed aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, al-Cu alloys, al-Mn alloys, al-Fe alloys, al-Si alloys and aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner to obtain Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingots;
the mass ratio of Cu to Mg is (3-4) to 1;
2. homogenizing:
homogenizing the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingot for 20-24 h at the ingot casting temperature of 490-500 ℃, then discharging and air cooling to room temperature, and finally milling the surface to obtain a homogenized ingot;
3. rolling:
heating the homogenized cast ingot, and then rolling under the conditions that the metal temperature is 420-440 ℃, the total rolling deformation is 58-64%, the hot rolling is carried out for 5-10 passes, and the rolling reduction of each pass is 6-12% to obtain an alloy plate;
4. solid solution:
trimming the alloy plate, heating to the metal temperature of 500-510 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5-2 h under the condition that the metal temperature is 500-510 ℃, and finally discharging and water quenching to obtain a solid solution alloy plate;
5. pre-stretching:
performing pre-stretching treatment on the solid solution alloy plate to obtain an alloy plate after stretching treatment;
6. aging:
and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the alloy plate after the stretching treatment for 11-12 h at the metal temperature of 170-180 ℃ to obtain the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the third difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the purity of the aluminum ingot and the magnesium ingot in the step one is 99.999%; the mass percent of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy in the first step is 40%; the mass percentage of Mn in the Al-Mn alloy in the first step is 10 percent; the mass percent of Fe in the Al-Fe alloy in the step one is 60 percent; the mass percent of Si in the Al-Si alloy in the step one is 10 percent; the mass ratio of the aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner to the total mass of Mg, cu, mn, fe, si and Al in the step one is (0.002-0.003): 1. The rest is the same as the third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the third or fourth embodiment in that: smelting, refining, stirring and standing, deslagging and casting in the first step are specifically carried out according to the following steps: heating a smelting furnace to 750-800 ℃, then placing weighed aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, al-Cu alloys, al-Mn alloys, al-Fe alloys, al-Si alloys and Al-Ti-B grain refiners into the smelting furnace, adding a refining agent when the temperature of the metal liquid is raised to 740-760 ℃ in the smelting process, refining for 10-20 min, stirring for 2-3 min after refining, standing for 10-15 min after stirring, then repeatedly stirring and standing for 2 times, removing slag under the condition that the temperature of the metal liquid is 700-720 ℃, and finally casting to obtain Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingots; the refining agent accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the mass percent of the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy cast ingot. The other is the same as the third or fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the third to fifth embodiments is: and the surface milling in the second step is to mill the surface until no obvious defect exists on the surface. The rest is the same as the third to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the third to sixth embodiment modes is: the heating treatment in the third step is to keep the temperature for 5 to 8 hours under the condition that the furnace temperature is 600 to 620 ℃. The others are the same as the third to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the third to seventh embodiments in that: and the thickness of the homogenized cast ingot in the step two is 47-52 mm. The rest is the same as the third to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: this embodiment differs from the embodiment in one of three to eight: the thickness of the alloy plate in the third step is 18-21 mm. The others are the same as the third to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the third to ninth embodiments in that: and the pre-stretching amount of the pre-stretching treatment in the fifth step is 2-3%. The others are the same as the third to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate consists of 1.1% of Mg, 3.9% of Cu, 0.5% of Mn, 0.02% of Fe, 0.03% of Si and the balance of Al in percentage by mass;
the total mass percentage of impurities in the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate is less than 0.05%.
The preparation method of the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a cast ingot:
weighing an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, an Al-Cu alloy, an Al-Mn alloy, an Al-Fe alloy and an Al-Si alloy according to the mass percentage of 1.1% of Mg, 3.9% of Cu, 0.5% of Mn, 0.02% of Fe, 0.03% of Si and the balance of Al, then weighing an aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, and sequentially smelting, refining, stirring and standing, deslagging and casting the weighed aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot, al-Cu alloy, al-Mn alloy, al-Fe alloy, al-Si alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner to obtain an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingot;
2. homogenization:
homogenizing the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingot for 24 hours at the ingot casting temperature of 500 ℃, then discharging from the furnace, air-cooling to room temperature, and finally milling the surface to obtain a homogenized ingot;
3. rolling:
heating the homogenized cast ingot, and then rolling under the conditions that the metal temperature is 420-440 ℃, the total rolling deformation is 60%, and the rolling reduction of 10 passes and each pass is 6%, so as to obtain an alloy plate;
4. solid solution:
trimming the alloy plate, heating to 510 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours under the condition that the metal temperature is 510 ℃, and finally discharging and water quenching to obtain a solid solution alloy plate;
5. pre-stretching:
performing pre-stretching treatment on the solid solution alloy plate to obtain an alloy plate after stretching treatment;
6. aging:
and (3) aging the alloy plate after the stretching treatment for 12 hours at the metal temperature of 180 ℃ to obtain the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate with the thickness of 20mm and the width of 1500mm.
The purity of the aluminum ingot and the magnesium ingot in the step one is 99.999%; the mass percent of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy in the step one is 40%; the mass percentage of Mn in the Al-Mn alloy in the first step is 10 percent; the mass percent of Fe in the Al-Fe alloy in the step one is 60 percent; the mass percent of Si in the Al-Si alloy in the step one is 10 percent; the mass ratio of the aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner to the total mass of Mg, cu, mn, fe, si and Al in the step one is 0.002; the aluminum titanium boron grain refiner is specifically AlTi5B1.
The smelting, refining, stirring and standing, deslagging and casting in the first step are specifically carried out according to the following steps: heating a smelting furnace to 750 ℃, then placing the weighed aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot, al-Cu alloy, al-Mn alloy, al-Fe alloy, al-Si alloy and Al-Ti-B grain refiner into the smelting furnace, adding a refining agent when the temperature of the metal liquid is heated to 750 ℃ in the smelting process, refining for 15min, stirring for 3min after refining, standing for 15min after stirring, then repeatedly stirring and standing for 2 times, removing slag under the condition that the temperature of the metal liquid is 700-720 ℃, and finally casting and forming to obtain an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingot; the refining agent accounts for 0.15 percent of the mass of the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy cast ingot; the refining agent is 3RF refining agent produced by Ai Wensi company.
And the surface milling in the second step is to mill the surface until no obvious defect exists on the surface.
The heating treatment in the third step is to preserve heat for 5 hours under the condition that the furnace temperature is 600 ℃.
And the thickness of the homogenized cast ingot in the step two is 40mm.
The thickness of the alloy plate in the third step is 20mm.
The pre-stretching amount of the pre-stretching treatment in the fifth step is 2.5%.
The large-size high-strength high-toughness sheet material prepared in the first embodiment is subjected to room temperature tensile test, the tensile speed is 5mm/min, the size of a metal sample is national standard GBT 228.1-2010, the sheet material is stretched until the sheet material is broken, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation percentage of the sheet material are detected.
The large-sized high-strength and high-toughness sheet prepared in the first example was measured to have a tensile strength of 508MPa, a yield strength of 407MPa, and an elongation of 14.5%.
FIG. 1 is a microscopic metallographic structure photograph of an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the first step of the example; in the as-cast structure of the alloy, a fine-grained, linear structure was observed in the vicinity of the massive lamellar eutectic structure, which is different from the massive lamellar reticular eutectic structure.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the microstructure of a homogenized ingot prepared in step two of the example; it was observed that the segregation in the alloy structure was uneven and the grain boundary residual phase had disappeared.
FIG. 3 is an SEM structural photograph of a solid solution alloy plate prepared in the fourth step of the example; it can be seen from the figure that the re-soluble phase in the alloy structure is almost completely re-dissolved into the matrix.
FIG. 4 is a drawing graph of a large gauge high strength and high toughness sheet made in accordance with example one; it can be seen that the tensile strength of the alloy plate is 508MPa, the yield strength is 407MPa, and the elongation is 14.9%.
FIG. 5 is a TEM photograph of a large-scale high-strength and high-toughness sheet prepared in the first example, and it can be observed that there are more dislocations in the alloy matrix and that precipitated phases tend to form near the dislocations.
Claims (10)
1. The large-size high-strength high-toughness plate is characterized by consisting of 0.76-1.3% of Mg, 2.28-5.2% of Cu, 0.2-0.57% of Mn, 0.02-0.04% of Fe, 0.01-0.03% of Si and the balance of Al in percentage by mass, and the mass ratio of Cu to Mg is (3-4): 1.
2. The large-size high-strength high-toughness sheet according to claim 1, wherein the total mass percentage of impurities in the large-size high-strength high-toughness sheet is less than 0.05%.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said process comprises the steps of:
1. preparing an ingot:
weighing aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, al-Cu alloys, al-Mn alloys, al-Fe alloys and Al-Si alloys according to the mass percentage of 0.76-1.3% of Mg, 2.28-5.2% of Cu, 0.2-0.57% of Mn, 0.02-0.04% of Fe, 0.01-0.03% of Si and the balance of Al, then weighing aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner, and sequentially smelting, refining, stirring, standing, deslagging and casting the weighed aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, al-Cu alloys, al-Mn alloys, al-Fe alloys, al-Si alloys and aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner to obtain Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingots;
the mass ratio of Cu to Mg is (3-4) to 1;
2. homogenization:
homogenizing the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingot for 20-24 h at the ingot casting temperature of 490-500 ℃, then discharging and air cooling to room temperature, and finally milling the surface to obtain a homogenized ingot;
3. rolling:
heating the homogenized cast ingot, and then rolling under the conditions that the metal temperature is 420-440 ℃, the total rolling deformation is 58-64%, the hot rolling is carried out for 5-10 passes and the rolling reduction of each pass is 6-12% to obtain an alloy plate;
4. solid solution:
trimming the alloy plate, heating to the metal temperature of 500-510 ℃, preserving the heat for 1.5-2 h under the condition that the metal temperature is 500-510 ℃, and finally discharging from a furnace and performing water quenching to obtain a solid solution alloy plate;
5. pre-stretching:
pre-stretching the solid solution alloy plate to obtain an alloy plate after stretching treatment;
6. aging:
and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the alloy plate after the stretching treatment for 11-12 h at the metal temperature of 170-180 ℃ to obtain the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate.
4. The method for preparing the large-specification high-strength high-toughness plate as claimed in claim 3, wherein the purity of the aluminum ingot and the magnesium ingot in the step one is 99.999%; the mass percent of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy in the step one is 40%; the mass percentage of Mn in the Al-Mn alloy in the first step is 10 percent; the mass percent of Fe in the Al-Fe alloy in the step one is 60 percent; the mass percent of Si in the Al-Si alloy in the step one is 10%; the mass ratio of the aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner to the total mass of Mg, cu, mn, fe, si and Al in the step one is (0.002-0.003): 1.
5. The method for preparing the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate according to claim 3, wherein the smelting, refining, stirring and standing, deslagging and casting in the step one are carried out according to the following steps: heating a smelting furnace to 750-800 ℃, then placing the weighed aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot, al-Cu alloy, al-Mn alloy, al-Fe alloy, al-Si alloy and Al-Ti-B grain refiner into the smelting furnace, adding a refining agent when the temperature of the metal liquid is raised to 740-760 ℃ in the smelting process, refining for 10-20 min, stirring for 2-3 min after refining, standing for 10-15 min after stirring, then repeatedly stirring and standing for 2 times, removing slag under the condition that the temperature of the metal liquid is 700-720 ℃, and finally casting to obtain an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingot; the refining agent accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the mass percent of the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy ingot.
6. The method for preparing large-size high-strength high-toughness sheet according to claim 3, wherein the surface milling in the second step is carried out until no obvious defect is formed on the surface.
7. The method for preparing the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate as claimed in claim 3, wherein the heating treatment in the third step is carried out for 5-8 h at the furnace temperature of 600-620 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the large-size high-strength high-toughness plate as claimed in claim 3, wherein the thickness of the homogenized ingot casting in the second step is 47-52 mm.
9. The method for preparing large-size high-strength high-toughness sheet as claimed in claim 3, wherein the thickness of said alloy sheet in step three is 18-21 mm.
10. The method for preparing the large-specification high-strength high-toughness plate as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pre-stretching amount in the pre-stretching treatment in the fifth step is 2-3%.
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| JP2011058047A (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-24 | Furukawa-Sky Aluminum Corp | Method for producing aluminum alloy thick plate having excellent strength and ductility |
| CN108796256A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of preparation method of hollow ball and aluminium alloy base sound insulating material |
| CN112522649A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-19 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of high-strength high-toughness large-size aluminum alloy plate for large passenger plane |
| CN112969806A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-06-15 | 爱励轧制产品德国有限责任公司 | Method of manufacturing a2 xxx-series aluminum alloy sheet product having improved fatigue failure resistance |
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| JP2011058047A (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-24 | Furukawa-Sky Aluminum Corp | Method for producing aluminum alloy thick plate having excellent strength and ductility |
| CN108796256A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of preparation method of hollow ball and aluminium alloy base sound insulating material |
| CN112969806A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-06-15 | 爱励轧制产品德国有限责任公司 | Method of manufacturing a2 xxx-series aluminum alloy sheet product having improved fatigue failure resistance |
| US20220033937A1 (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-02-03 | Aleris Rolled Products Germany Gmbh | Method of manufacturing a 2xxx-series aluminium alloy plate product having improved fatigue failure resistance |
| CN112522649A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-19 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of high-strength high-toughness large-size aluminum alloy plate for large passenger plane |
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