CN115415849B - Five-axis machine tool rotation error detection method - Google Patents
Five-axis machine tool rotation error detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115415849B CN115415849B CN202211189774.4A CN202211189774A CN115415849B CN 115415849 B CN115415849 B CN 115415849B CN 202211189774 A CN202211189774 A CN 202211189774A CN 115415849 B CN115415849 B CN 115415849B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for detecting the rotation error of a five-axis machine tool, which relates to the technical field of five-axis machine tools and comprises the following steps: s1: setting the rotation center coordinate value of the B-axis turntable as I2, and setting the phase coordinate value of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable as I4; s2: determining X4 and Y4 coordinate values according to the axis position of the spindle test rod; obtaining a Z4 coordinate value of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable; the B-axis turntable is driven to rotate 90 degrees around the axis of the B-axis turntable by different steering, X-axis coordinates Xa and Xb of the table surface of the C-axis turntable after two rotations are obtained, and the coordinate value X2 is half of the sum value of Xa and Xb; half of the sum of the Xa and Xb absolute values is the length from the rotation center of the C-axis turntable to the rotation center of the B-axis turntable in the Z direction, and the Z2 coordinate value is obtained by combining the Z4 coordinate value; s3: and filling the obtained coordinate values of I2 and I4 into a numerical control system, and respectively comparing by the numerical control system to obtain the rotation error of the machine tool. The application has the effect of reducing the difficulty and cost for detecting the rotation error of the five-axis machine tool.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of five-axis machine tools, in particular to a method for detecting the rotation error of a five-axis machine tool.
Background
The five-axis numerical control machine tool is a machine tool which has high technological content and high precision and is specially used for processing complex curved surfaces. Compared with other machine tools, the clamping of the workpiece can be easy, a special clamp is not needed during machining, the cost of the clamp is reduced, multiple times of clamping is avoided, and the machining precision of the die is improved.
Five axes of the five-axis numerical control machine tool comprise three linear coordinate axes of XYZ and two perpendicular rotating axes, so that a plurality of surfaces of a workpiece can be machined, and the five axes generally comprise a double-swing-head type, a nodding-type swing-head type, a double-turntable type, a nodding-type work table type and a swinging-rotating type.
The double-turntable type five-axis machine tool comprises a BC five-axis machine tool, wherein the BC five-axis machine tool generally comprises a fixed seat for fixing a cutter, a C-axis turntable for bearing a workpiece and a B-axis turntable for driving the whole C-axis turntable to rotate, the fixed seat can move a X, Y, Z linear shaft in a numerical control or manual mode, and the B-axis turntable and the C-axis turntable can rotate around a rotating shaft of the fixed seat, so that the requirement for machining the workpiece at multiple angles is met.
Before the five-axis numerical control machine tool is used, for example, the distance from the rotating shaft to each linear shaft of the double-turntable five-axis machine tool needs to be measured and compensated to the corresponding position of the machine tool system, so as to improve the machining accuracy.
However, in a measuring head measuring mode, the measuring head needs to be correspondingly arranged on the five-axis numerical control machine tool, so that the cost is increased, and the operating and using technology has high difficulty and high requirements on operators.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a five-axis machine tool rotation error detection method, which aims to reduce the difficulty and cost for detecting the five-axis machine tool rotation error.
The application provides a five-axis machine tool rotation error detection method, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a five-axis lathe gyration error detection method, five-axis lathe includes fixing base, the C axle carousel that is located the fixing base below and the B axle carousel of C axle carousel fixed connection, be provided with the origin of coordinates in the five-axis lathe, the fixing base can remove and the distance of removal can be surveyd in the three-dimensional plane that the origin of coordinates is located, the center pin of B axle carousel is perpendicular with the center pin of C axle carousel, the main shaft is examined the stick in the vertical installation in fixing base bottom center, the main shaft examine the extension direction of stick and the center pin of B axle carousel perpendicularly, the detection method includes the following steps:
s1: setting the coordinate value of the rotation center of the B-axis turntable relative to the origin of coordinates as I2 (X2, Y2 and Z2), setting the coordinate value of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable relative to the origin of coordinates as I4 (X4, Y4 and Z4), keeping the B-axis turntable and the C-axis turntable in a static state, and keeping the initial state of the C-axis turntable in a horizontal state;
s2: moving the fixed seat in the horizontal plane until the spindle detecting rod is moved to the axis position of the C-axis turntable, and determining X4 and Y4 coordinate values according to the axis position of the spindle detecting rod;
the fixed seat is vertically moved until the spindle detecting rod is directly or indirectly abutted against the C-axis turntable, and a Z4 coordinate value of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable is obtained through the length from the bottom end of the spindle detecting rod to the position connected with the fixed seat, the coordinate value of the position connected with the spindle detecting rod and the distance from the bottom end of the spindle detecting rod to the table top of the C-axis turntable;
the B-axis turntable is driven to rotate 90 degrees around the axis of the B-axis turntable by different steering, so that the C-axis turntable rotates to the axis level of the C-axis turntable, X-axis coordinates Xa and Xb of the table top of the C-axis turntable are obtained after the C-axis turntable rotates twice, and the coordinate value X2 is half of the sum value of Xa and Xb;
half of the sum of the Xa and Xb absolute values is the length of the C-axis turntable rotation center to the Z direction of the B-axis turntable rotation center, and then the Z2 coordinate value is obtained by subtracting half of the sum of the Xa and Xb absolute values from the Z4 coordinate; and
s3: filling the obtained coordinate values of I2 and I4 into a numerical control system, and respectively comparing the detected coordinate values of the rotation center of the I2 and the initial known rotation center of the B-axis turntable and the detected coordinate values of the I4 and the initial known coordinate values of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable by the numerical control system to obtain the rotation error of the machine tool.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through removing the fixing base and cooperation rotation C axle carousel, use the main shaft of fixing in the fixing base bottom to examine the stick and detect, can obtain the X2 and the Z2's of I2 coordinate value, and the X4, Y4 and Z4 coordinate value of I4, use the BC five-axis board of two revolving stages, the value of Y2 is-Y4 all the time, so can obtain complete I2 and I4's coordinate value, namely B axle carousel center of revolution coordinate and C axle carousel center of revolution's coordinate, fill into among the numerical control system with the two, compare with the original coordinate value of lathe, obtain the gyration error of lathe.
Optionally, in the step of obtaining the coordinate values of X4 and Y4 in S2, moving the spindle dipstick to a position close to the axis of the C-axis turntable;
a detection component is arranged on the table top of the C-axis turntable and can rotate along with the C-axis turntable;
the detection assembly comprises a detection meter, and after the contact of the detection meter is adjusted to be abutted against the outer wall of the spindle rod, the C-axis turntable is driven to rotate, so that the contact of the detection meter can rotate around the axis of the spindle rod while being abutted against the outer wall of the spindle rod; and
and observing whether the detection table deflects, if so, finely adjusting the position of the fixing seat on the horizontal plane until the detection table does not deflect any more, and passing through the X coordinate value and the Y coordinate value of the axis of the spindle bar at the moment, namely the coordinate values of X4 and Y4 respectively.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, remove the main shaft and examine excellent to be close to C axle carousel axis position, install detection component on the carousel for the gauge contact butt is examining excellent outer wall in the main shaft, if the main shaft examine excellent for with C axle carousel axis coaxial, then the butt examine excellent outside and around the main shaft examine excellent axis pivoted gauge contact can not appear being promoted the condition that makes the pointer deflect, can be through examining whether the table exists the pointer deflection and confirm whether the main shaft examine excellent coaxial with C axle carousel axis, if not coaxial, can find the position through the mode of fine setting fixing base on the horizontal plane.
Optionally, the detection assembly comprises a mounting seat, an adjusting arm for adjusting the position of the detection table and the detection table which are sequentially connected, in the step of S2 obtaining the coordinate values of X4 and Y4,
placing or installing the installation seat on the table top of the C-axis turntable;
after the position of the fixing seat is moved, the position of the detection meter is readjusted by adjusting the adjusting arm, so that the contact of the detection meter is propped against the outer wall of the spindle detection rod.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the mount pad is placed on the C axle carousel for detection component can rotate along with the C axle carousel, when adjusting the fixing base position, can adjust the position of detecting the table through the regulating arm, makes under the unchangeable condition in mount pad position, adjusts the position of detecting the table, makes the table contact of detecting the table push against all the time on the outer wall of the main shaft examine stick.
Optionally, the step of acquiring the Z4 coordinate value includes:
a first gauge block with known thickness is fixed on the table top of the C-axis turntable;
moving the fixing seat to the position, which is propped against the first gauge block, of the end part of the spindle test rod, and recording a Z coordinate value of the connecting position of the fixing seat and the spindle test rod at the moment;
and calculating to obtain a Z4 coordinate value through the thickness of the first gauge block, the Z coordinate of the connecting position of the fixed seat and the spindle detecting rod and the length from the bottom end of the spindle detecting rod to the connecting position of the spindle detecting rod and the fixed seat.
By adopting the technical scheme, the value of Z4 is the Z value of the table surface of the C-axis turntable, and the main shaft check rod is propped against the first gauge block by moving the fixed seat, so that the value of Z4 is obtained by calculating the position of the fixed seat after moving and the length of the known main shaft check rod and the thickness of the first gauge block; through setting up first gauge block, be convenient for operate and observe, reduce the main shaft and examine the possibility that the stick appears damaging.
Optionally, the step of acquiring the coordinate values Xa and Xb includes:
the B-axis turntable rotates 90 degrees around the axis of the B-axis turntable, so that the C-axis turntable rotates to the level of the axis of the B-axis turntable;
a second gauge block with known thickness is fixed on the surface of the C-axis turntable, and the spindle check rod is moved so that the second gauge block is propped against the spindle check rod;
and calculating to obtain the value Xa or Xb through the radius of the contact position of the spindle rod, the X coordinate value of the axis of the spindle rod and the thickness of the second gauge block.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, move the main shaft and examine the stick to main shaft and examine stick and second gauge block and offset, X coordinate value that the stick was examined to the main shaft through this moment and radius that the stick was examined to the main shaft and the thickness of second gauge block can draw Xa or Xb's value, set up the second gauge block and make the main shaft examine the stick and move the time difficult because fixing base and C axle bench face interfere and receive the influence, and whether observe the main shaft more easily and examine the stick and accomplish the butt to and play the effect that the protection main shaft examined the stick.
Optionally, the detection method further includes a verification step S4 of further improving the error accuracy by trial cutting the workpiece.
By adopting the technical scheme, the error precision in the detection process can be further improved by a mode of trial cutting the workpiece.
Optionally, the verifying step S4 includes:
s41: setting a vector value I2a as a value from a zero point of the machine tool to a rotation center of the B-axis turntable, namely, a vector value I2 a= (X2, Y2, Z2), setting a vector value I4a as a value from a rotation center of the C-axis turntable to a zero point of the machine tool, namely, a vector value I4 a= (-X4, -Y4, -Z4), setting a vector value from the rotation center of the B-axis turntable to the rotation center of the C-axis turntable as I3, and obtaining I3= - (I2a+I4a);
s42: trial cutting the workpiece;
measuring the relative offset Xcd of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable and the rotation center of the B-axis turntable in the X-axis direction from the cut workpiece;
measuring the relative offset Yab of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable and the rotation center of the B-axis turntable in the Y-axis direction from the cut workpiece;
adding or subtracting half of the obtained Xcd value to or from the X value of the vector value I4a and the X value of the vector value I3 respectively, and keeping the I3= - (I2a+I4a) vector balance to be true;
increasing or decreasing the Y value of the vector value I2a and the vector value I4a by half of the obtained Yab value, respectively, and keeping i3= - (i2a+i4a) vector balance to be true;
s43: the coordinate values of I2, I3 and I4 can be obtained through the back-pushing of vector values I3, I2a and I4a, the newly obtained coordinate values of the vector values I3, I2a and I4a or the coordinate values of I2 and I4 are filled into a numerical control system to replace the coordinate values of I2 and I4 obtained in the step S3, the numerical control system respectively compares the detected I2 with the initially known B-axis turntable rotation center coordinate value, and the detected coordinate of I4 with the initially known C-axis turntable rotation center coordinate value to obtain the rotation error of the machine tool.
By adopting the technical scheme, although the coordinate values of I2 and I4 are obtained in the steps S2 and S3, the accuracy can be further improved, and the coordinate values of I2 and I4 with higher accuracy are obtained by using the checking step of the mode of trial cutting the workpiece, so that the turning error of the machine tool with higher accuracy can be better detected.
Optionally, the step S42 includes:
s421: keeping the table top of the C-axis turntable horizontal, and installing a workpiece on the table top of the C-axis turntable;
s422: after the spindle check rod is removed, a milling cutter is arranged at the bottom of the fixed seat;
s423: cutting an inner side groove with a rectangular or square horizontal section on a workpiece, enabling the inner wall of the inner side groove to be parallel to an X axis or a Y axis, and enabling the center of the horizontal section of the inner side groove to coincide with the axis of the C axis turntable measured by S2;
s424: rotating the B-axis turntable by 90 degrees around the axis of the B-axis turntable, so that the axis of the C-axis turntable is horizontal, and horizontally moving the fixing seat to cut the workpiece after adjusting the position of the fixing seat to cut an external tangential plane;
s425: rotating the C-axis turntable by 90 degrees around the axis of the C-axis turntable, horizontally moving the fixing seat to cut the workpiece, and cutting a second external tangent plane;
s426: repeating the step S423 until 4 sequentially vertical and connected circumscribed surfaces are cut;
s427: measuring the distance from the adjacent external tangential plane to the inner groove to obtain X-axis direction data Xc and Xd, wherein Xcd is the difference value of Xc and Xd; y-axis direction data Ya and Yb are obtained, and Yab is the difference between Ya and Yb.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, after installing the work piece on the C axle lathe, through removing the fixing base, use the cutter to cut out the inboard groove to through the mode of rotating B axle carousel and C axle carousel and remove the fixing base, with cutting out four looks vertically circumscribed faces, measure the distance in outside tangent plane and inboard groove, can obtain Xcd and Yab's value through calculating, correspond and supplement to corresponding coordinate value, can obtain the coordinate value of I2 and I4 that the precision is higher, thereby obtain the gyration error precision of higher precision.
Optionally, in step S423, using the coordinate values of X4 and Y4 input in step S3 in the numerical control system to drive the fixing base to move in the three-dimensional coordinate plane, and using the milling cutter side blade to cut the inner groove;
in the step S424-S426, the fixing seat is driven to reciprocate along the Y axis, the position of the X axis direction is adjusted, and the external tangential plane is cut through the bottom edge of the milling cutter.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when carrying out the processing of trial cut work piece, only need corresponding through the position of adjustment fixing base to and rotate B axle carousel and C axle carousel can, convenient operation need not to change the cutter.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. coordinate values corresponding to I2 and I4 can be obtained by simply and manually operating the machine table, so that a rotation error value of the machine tool is obtained, the operation process is convenient and quick, the production or purchase cost of the machine tool is reduced, and the capability requirement of operators is reduced;
2. the first gauge block and the second gauge block are arranged in the measuring process, so that the abutting condition of the spindle rod is convenient to observe, and the spindle rod is protected;
3. the side edge and the bottom edge of the milling cutter are used for machining the inner groove and the outer cutting surface respectively, the cutter is not required to be replaced, and the operation process is convenient and quick.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a five-axis machine tool according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of a five-axis machine tool in a step of measuring the axis of a C-axis turntable according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of a five-axis machine tool in the step of measuring Z4 value of a C-axis turntable according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the rotational position of the C-axis turntable during the measurement of steps Xa and Xb according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the partial structure of a five-axis machine tool in the measurement of Xa and Xb steps according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the trial cut workpiece after cutting is completed according to the embodiment of the application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of a five-axis machine tool after cutting a workpiece according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a machine table; 11. a fixing seat; 12. a C-axis turntable; 13. a B-axis turntable; 14. an operating chamber; 2. a spindle rod; 3. a workpiece; 31. an inner groove; 32. cutting the outer surface; 4. a first gauge block; 5. a detection assembly; 51. a mounting base; 52. an adjusting arm; 53. a detection table; 6. and the second gauge block.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-6.
Referring to fig. 1, the five-axis machine tool comprises an operation cavity 14, wherein a fixing seat 11 for fixing a tool is arranged in the operation cavity 14, and the fixing seat 11 can move X, Y, Z three axes in the operation cavity 14 and has a measurable moving distance; the C-axis turntable 12 is rotatably arranged in the operation cavity 14, and the C-axis turntable 12 is positioned below the fixed seat 11 and used for fixing a workpiece to be processed; the operating cavity 14 is also internally provided with a B-axis turntable 13 positioned on one side of the C-axis turntable 12 in a rotating way, the rotating axis of the B-axis turntable 13 is horizontal and fixedly connected with the C-axis turntable 12, and the axis of the C-axis turntable 12 is vertical to the axis of the B-axis turntable 13. When the B-axis turntable 13 rotates, the C-axis turntable 12 can be driven to rotate, so that the cutting knife can move relative to the workpiece to be processed by X, Y, Z linear shafts and B, C two rotary shafts, and the C-axis turntable 12 can rotate to a state that the axes are vertical.
The coordinate origin, the coordinate value of the rotation center of the B-axis turntable 13 and the coordinate value of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable 12 are set in the fixed seat 11, but certain errors exist in the three coordinate values, so that in order to enable machining to be more accurate, the origin coordinates are required to be assumed to be correct coordinate values, the coordinate value of the rotation center of the B-axis turntable 13 and the error value of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable 12 relative to the coordinate origin are obtained, and are compensated into a numerical control system, so that machining precision is improved, cost is increased due to the fact that a measuring head is installed in a related technology, and requirements on operators are improved.
The embodiment of the application discloses a five-axis machine tool rotation error detection method, which can find rotation data of two rotation axes of a machine tool in a simple manual mode and a simple driving machine table 1, thereby replacing a mode of detecting by using a measuring head, reducing the production cost of the machine tool and the requirements on the corresponding capability of operators, and ensuring that the measurement is more accurate, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: setting the coordinate value of the rotation center of the B-axis turntable 13 as I2 (X2, Y2, Z2); the coordinate value of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable 12 with respect to the zero point of the machine tool is set to I4 (X4, Y4, Z4), the B-axis turntable 13 and the C-axis turntable 12 are kept stationary, and the initial state of the C-axis turntable 12 is set to be horizontal.
For the detection of the rotation error of the five-axis machine tool, only coordinate values of I2 and I4 are correspondingly found, so that the distance from the rotation axis to each linear axis is obtained, the distance is manually compensated into a numerical control system of the machine tool, and the precision of rotation data is higher by a method of trial cutting the workpiece 3, so that the detection effect even exceeding that achieved by a conventional measuring head is achieved.
S2: the axis of the C-axis turntable 12 is found by the spindle pick-up bar 2, i.e., the coordinate values of X4 and Y4 are determined.
First, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the spindle dipstick 2 is mounted at a bit position at the bottom of the fixing seat 11 such that the axis of the spindle dipstick 2 is vertical. The fixed seat 11 is moved so that the spindle dipstick 2 moves to a position close to the axis of the C-axis turntable 12, and the detection assembly 5 is arranged on the C-axis turntable 12.
The detection assembly 5 specifically comprises a mounting seat 51 mounted or placed on the C-axis turntable 12, an adjusting arm 52 rotatably connected with the mounting seat 51 through a ball hinge, and a detection meter 53 mounted at one end, far away from the mounting seat 51, of the adjusting arm 52, wherein the detection meter 53 is a dial indicator, so that detection accuracy is improved. The contact of the detection meter 53 is abutted on the outer wall of the spindle detecting rod 2, the adjusting arm 52 comprises a plurality of sections of articulated connecting rods, and the joint of each section of connecting rod and the spherical joint realize the locking of the adjusted position in a self-rotating friction force or screw locking mode, so that the position of the detection meter 53 can be adjusted adaptively when the fixing seat 11 and the spindle detecting rod 2 move to adjust the position, and the contact of the detection meter 53 is kept abutted against the side wall of the spindle detecting rod 2.
The C-axis turntable 12 rotates to drive the detection assembly 5 to rotate, the detection piece rotates around the axis of the C-axis turntable 12, the contact of the detection meter 53 is always abutted against the outside of the spindle detecting rod 2, and the X, Y value of the fixing seat 11 is finely adjusted until the detection meter 53 rotates around the spindle detecting rod 2 and does not deflect any more, at this time, the position of the axis of the spindle detecting rod 2 is the position of the axis of the C-axis turntable 12, so that the coordinate values of X4 and Y4 are obtained.
S2 further includes a step of finding the Z value from the center of rotation of the C axis to the origin of coordinates, i.e., the value of Z4, by the spindle pick-up bar 2.
Referring to fig. 3, the spindle pickup 2 is moved to and placed on the table top of the C-axis turntable 12 to form a first gauge block 4 with a known thickness, and the coordinate of Z4 is the Z coordinate of the point where the end point of the spindle pickup 2 abuts plus the thickness of the first gauge block 4, and the coordinate value of the end point of the spindle pickup 2 can be obtained by calculating the coordinate of the connection position of the fixing base 11 and the spindle pickup 2 and the length of the connection position of the end of the spindle pickup 2 to the fixing base 11, so as to obtain the coordinate value of Z4, wherein the length of the spindle pickup 2 can be obtained by the length standard of the product or by measuring.
By arranging the first gauge block 4, the operation and observation are convenient, and the possibility of damage to the spindle rod 2 is reduced. Of course, in other embodiments of the application, the manner in which the spindle dipstick 2 end and the C-axis turntable 12 table are measured directly against each other is not precluded.
S2 further comprises the step of obtaining the value of X2 and the distance from the rotation center of the B-axis turntable 13 to the C-axis turntable 12 by rotating the B-axis turntable 13 and moving the fixed seat 11, and the specific steps are as follows:
referring to fig. 4 and 5, rotating the B-axis turntable 13 ninety degrees around the B-axis turntable axis to rotate the C-axis turntable 12 to the axis level, horizontally moving the fixing seat 11 to make the ball head of the spindle pickup bar 2 abut against the side surface of the second gauge block 6 with a known thickness abutting against or mounted on the surface of the C-axis turntable 12, setting the X-coordinate value of the axis of the spindle pickup bar 2, the radius of the spindle pickup bar 2, and the sum of the thicknesses of the second gauge block 6 to be Xa, and obtaining the value of Xa by measurement and calculation;
after the rotating B-axis turntable 13 is reset, the B-axis turntable 13 is reversely rotated for ninety degrees, so that the C-axis turntable 12 is rotated to the axis horizontal and positioned at the other side of the fixed seat 11, the fixed seat 11 is horizontally moved, so that the ball head of the spindle pickup rod 2 is abutted against the side surface of the second gauge block 6 with known thickness, which is abutted against or mounted on the surface of the C-axis turntable 12, and the X-axis coordinate value of the spindle pickup rod 2, the radius of the spindle pickup rod 2 and the sum of the thicknesses of the second gauge block 6 are set to be Xb. Also, by arranging the second gauge block 6, the operation and observation are convenient, and the possibility of damage to the spindle dipstick 2 is reduced.
Of course, in other embodiments of the application, the manner in which the spindle dipstick 2 side wall and the C-axis turntable 12 table are measured directly against each other is not precluded.
At this time, the rotation center of the B axis is located on the middle vertical line of the table surface connection line of the C axis turntable 12 after the two rotations, and the value of X2 is obtained by the formula x2= (xa+xb)/2.
The values of Xa and Xb are also such that the distance from the center of rotation of the B-axis turntable 13 to the surface of the C-axis turntable 12 is half the sum of the absolute values of Xa and Xb. By the coordinate value of Z2 that has been obtained in the above step, a specific coordinate value of Z4 can be obtained.
Since the coordinate values X2 and Z2 of I2 and the coordinate values X4, Y4, and Z4 of I4 are obtained, the opposite numbers of the coordinate values of Y2 and Y4 can be easily obtained by using the BC five-axis machine tool as an example in the present embodiment, thereby obtaining the coordinate values of I2, I3, and I4. And filling the corresponding measured values into corresponding positions of the numerical control system, other types of five-axis machine tools can be used in other embodiments of the application, and the detection principle is consistent and will not be described herein.
Because certain measurement errors may still exist in the data measured in the steps, in order to further improve the accuracy of the measured coordinate values of I2, I3 and I4, the five-axis machine tool rotation error detection method of the present application further includes the following verification step S4, where the step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
s41, setting a vector value I2a as a value from the zero point of the machine tool to the rotation center of the B-axis turntable, setting a vector value I2a as a value from the rotation center of the C-axis turntable to the zero point of the machine tool, and setting a vector value I4a as an value from-X4, -Y4, -Z4) to the rotation center of the C-axis turntable as I3, I3 as an value from-X4-X2, -Y4-Y2, -Z4-Z2, and in addition, X3 = X4+ X2, Y3 = Y4+ Y2, and Z3 = Z4+ Z2 to obtain I3 = - (I2a+I4a).
S42: the workpiece 3 was cut and the relative shift Xcd of the rotation centers of the C-axis turntable 12 and the B-axis turntable 13 in the X-axis direction and the relative shift Yab of the rotation centers of the C-axis turntable 12 and the B-axis turntable 13 in the Y-axis direction were measured from the cut workpiece were measured, specifically as follows:
s421: and removing the spindle dipstick 2 at the bottom of the fixed seat 11 and installing the milling cutter.
S422: the table top of the C-axis turntable 12 is kept horizontal, and a trial cut workpiece 3 is mounted on the table top of the C-axis turntable 12 (see fig. 6).
S423: referring to fig. 6 and 7, by moving the holder 11, the trial cut workpiece 3 is cut with an inner groove 31 having a square or rectangular horizontal cross section using the side edge of the milling cutter, the center position of the inner groove 31 is located on the measured axis of the C-axis turntable 12, that is, at the axis corresponding to the C-axis turntable 12 obtained in step S2, and four inner walls of the inner groove 31 are parallel to the X-axis and the Y-axis of the machine tool, respectively.
S424: the rotation of the B-axis turntable 13 ninety degrees about the B-axis turntable axis causes the C-axis turntable 12 to be axially horizontal and moves the holder 11 directly above the workpiece, and then reciprocates the holder 11 in the Y-axis direction and moves slightly in the X-axis direction adaptively, cutting an external surface 32 on the workpiece parallel to the inner wall of the adjacent inboard slot 31 by the bottom edge of the milling cutter.
S425: the cutting is continued by sequentially rotating the C-axis turntable 12 ninety degrees in one direction to cut a second outside cut surface 32.
S426: the step S423 is repeated until 4 circumscribed faces 32 are cut end to end and in turn perpendicular.
S427: measuring the distance from the adjacent outer tangential surface 32 to the inner groove 31 to obtain X-axis direction data Xc and Xd, wherein Xcd is the difference between Xc and Xd; y-axis direction data Ya and Yb are obtained, and Yab is the difference between Ya and Yb.
Adding or subtracting half of the obtained Xcd value to or from the X value of the vector value I4a and the X value of the vector value I3 respectively, and keeping the I3= - (I2a+I4a) vector balance to be true; and respectively increasing or reducing the Y value of the vector value I2a and the Y value of the vector value I4a by half to obtain a Yab value, and keeping the I3= - (I2a+I4a) vector balance to be true, wherein the coordinate values of I2, I3 and I4 can be obtained through the back-pushing of the vector values I3, I2a and I4a, namely the adjustment is finished.
S43: filling the coordinate values of the newly obtained vector values I3, I2a and I4a or the coordinate values of I2 and I4 into a numerical control system, replacing the coordinate values of I2 and I4 obtained in the step S3, respectively comparing the detected I2 with the initially known coordinate value of the rotation center of the B-axis turntable 13 by the numerical control system, detecting the coordinate value of the obtained I4 with the initially known coordinate value of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable 12, and obtaining the rotation error of the machine tool.
The implementation principle of the five-axis machine tool rotation error detection method provided by the embodiment of the application is as follows:
setting the rotation center coordinate value of the B-axis turntable 13 as I2 (X2, Y2 and Z2), setting the rotation center coordinate value of the C-axis turntable 12 as I2 (X2, Y2 and Z2), installing the detection assembly 5 on the C-axis turntable 12, enabling a dial indicator of the detection assembly 5 to be abutted against the outer wall of the spindle detecting rod 2, and controlling the fixing seat 11 to move the spindle detecting rod 2 along the horizontal plane direction so as to obtain the X coordinate value and the Y value of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable 12;
the fixed seat 11 is moved, so that the bottom of the spindle detecting rod 2 is abutted against the C-axis rotating disc 12 or the first gauge block 4 placed on the C-axis rotating disc 12, and the Z coordinate of the rotation center of the C-axis rotating disc 12 is obtained;
the B-axis turntable 13 is driven to rotate 90 degrees around the axis of the B-axis turntable by different steering, so that the C-axis turntable 12 rotates to the axis level, X-axis coordinates Xa and Xb of the table surface of the C-axis turntable 12 are obtained after the two rotations, and the coordinate value X2 is half of the sum value of Xa and Xb;
half of the sum of the absolute values Xa and Xb is the length from the rotation center of the C-axis turntable 12 to the rotation center of the B-axis turntable 13 in the Z direction, and the Z2 coordinate value is obtained by combining the Z4 coordinate value; the initial values of the I2 and I4 coordinate values are filled into the numerical control system.
The precision of the rotation error is further improved by using a trial cutting workpiece 3 mode, firstly, the trial cutting workpiece 3 is mounted on a C-axis turntable 12, square inner grooves 31 are cut on the workpiece through side edges of a milling cutter, the B-axis turntable 13 is rotated around a rotation shaft of the B-axis turntable respectively until the C-axis turntable 12 rotates to two sides of a fixed seat 11 and the axis is horizontal, the fixed seat 11 is utilized to reciprocate in the X, Y direction, the C-axis turntable 12 is rotated at intervals of 90 degrees in sequence, four external cutting surfaces 32 are cut through bottom edges of the milling cutter, distances Xc, xd, ya and Yb from the external cutting surfaces 32 to adjacent inner grooves 31 are measured, and an X value of a vector value I4a and an X value of the vector value I3 are respectively increased or subtracted by half of an obtained Xcd value; and respectively increasing or reducing the Y value of the vector value I2a and the Y value of the vector value I4a by half of the obtained Yab value, keeping the vector balance of I3= - (I2a+I4a) to be established, finally filling the coordinate values of the newly obtained vector values I3, I2a and I4a or the coordinate values of I2 and I4 into a numerical control system, respectively comparing the detected I2 with the initially known coordinate value of the rotation center of the B-axis turntable 13 by the numerical control system, detecting the coordinate of the obtained I4 with the coordinate value of the initially known rotation center of the C-axis turntable 12, and obtaining the rotation error of the machine tool.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a five-axis lathe gyration error detection method, five-axis lathe includes fixing base (11), is located C axle carousel (12) of fixing base (11) below and with C axle carousel (12) fixed connection's B axle carousel (13), be provided with the origin of coordinates in the five-axis lathe, fixing base (11) can remove and the distance that removes in the three-dimensional plane at origin of coordinates is measurable, the center pin of B axle carousel (13) is perpendicular with the center pin of C axle carousel (12), main shaft examine stick (2) are vertically installed at fixing base (11) bottom center, and the extension direction of main shaft examine stick (2) is perpendicular with the center pin of B axle carousel (13), its characterized in that: the detection method comprises the following steps:
s1: setting the coordinate value of the rotation center of the B-axis turntable (13) relative to the origin of coordinates as I2 (X2, Y2, Z2), setting the coordinate value of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable (12) relative to the origin of coordinates as I4 (X4, Y4, Z4), keeping the B-axis turntable (13) and the C-axis turntable (12) in a static state, and setting the initial state of the C-axis turntable (12) to be a horizontal state;
s2: moving the fixed seat (11) in the horizontal plane until the spindle detecting rod (2) is moved to the axis position of the C-axis turntable (12), and determining X4 and Y4 coordinate values according to the axis position of the spindle detecting rod (2);
the fixed seat (11) is vertically moved until the spindle detecting rod (2) is directly or indirectly abutted against the C-axis turntable (12), and Z4 coordinate values of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable (12) are obtained through the length from the bottom end of the spindle detecting rod (2) to the position connected with the fixed seat (11), the coordinate values of the position connected with the spindle detecting rod (2) by the fixed seat (11) and the table top distance from the bottom end of the spindle detecting rod (2) to the C-axis turntable (12);
the B-axis turntable (13) is driven to rotate 90 degrees around the axis of the B-axis turntable by different steering, so that the C-axis turntable (12) rotates to the axis level of the B-axis turntable, X-axis coordinates Xa and Xb of the table top of the C-axis turntable (12) are obtained after the C-axis turntable rotates twice, and the coordinate value X2 is half of the sum value of Xa and Xb;
half of the sum of the Xa and Xb absolute values is the length of the C-axis turntable (12) from the rotation center of the B-axis turntable (13) in the Z direction, and then the Z4 coordinate is subtracted by half of the sum of the Xa and Xb absolute values to obtain a Z2 coordinate value; and
s3: filling the obtained coordinate values of I2 and I4 into a numerical control system, and respectively comparing the detected coordinate value of the rotation center of the I2 and the initial known rotation center of the B-axis turntable (13) with the detected coordinate value of the rotation center of the initial known C-axis turntable (12) by the numerical control system to obtain the rotation error of the machine tool;
the detection method further comprises a verification step S4 of further improving error precision through the trial cut workpiece (3);
the checking step S4 includes:
s41: setting a vector value I2a as a value from the zero point of the machine tool to the rotation center of the B-axis turntable (13), namely, a vector value I2 a= (X2, Y2, Z2), setting a vector value I4a as a value from the rotation center of the C-axis turntable (12) to the zero point of the machine tool, namely, a vector value I4 a= (-X4, -Y4, -Z4), setting a vector value from the rotation center of the B-axis turntable (13) to the rotation center of the C-axis turntable (12) as I3, wherein I3= (X4-X2, Y4-Y2, Z4-Z2), and obtaining I3= - (I2a+I4a);
s42: trial cutting the workpiece (3);
measuring the relative offset Xcd of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable (12) and the rotation center of the B-axis turntable (13) in the X-axis direction from the cut workpiece;
measuring the relative offset Yab of the rotation center of the C-axis turntable (12) and the rotation center of the B-axis turntable (13) in the Y-axis direction from the cut workpiece;
adding or subtracting half of the obtained Xcd value to or from the X value of the vector value I4a and the X value of the vector value I3 respectively, and keeping the I3= - (I2a+I4a) vector balance to be true;
increasing or decreasing the Y value of the vector value I2a and the vector value I4a by half of the obtained Yab value, respectively, and keeping i3= - (i2a+i4a) vector balance to be true;
s43: the coordinate values of I2, I3 and I4 can be obtained through the back-pushing of vector values I3, I2a and I4a, the newly obtained coordinate values of the vector values I3, I2a and I4a or the coordinate values of I2 and I4 are filled into a numerical control system to replace the coordinate values of I2 and I4 obtained in the step S3, the numerical control system respectively compares the detected coordinate values of I2 and the initially known rotation center coordinate value of the B-axis turntable (13), and compares the detected coordinate values of I4 with the initially known rotation center coordinate value of the C-axis turntable (12), so that the rotation error of the machine tool is obtained.
2. The method for detecting the rotation error of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step of S2 obtaining the coordinate values of X4 and Y4, the spindle pick-up bar (2) is moved to a position close to the axis of the C-axis turntable (12);
a detection assembly (5) is arranged on the table top of the C-axis turntable (12), and the detection assembly (5) can rotate along with the C-axis turntable (12);
the detection assembly (5) comprises a detection meter (53), and after the contact of the detection meter (53) is adjusted to be abutted against the outer wall of the spindle detecting rod (2), the C-axis turntable (12) is driven to rotate, so that the contact of the detection meter (53) can rotate around the axis of the spindle detecting rod (2) while being kept abutted against the outer wall of the spindle detecting rod (2); and
and observing whether the detection table (53) deflects, and if so, finely adjusting the position of the fixing seat (11) on the horizontal plane until the detection table (53) does not deflect any more, wherein the X coordinate value and the Y coordinate value of the axis of the spindle bar (2) pass through at the moment, namely the coordinate values of X4 and Y4 respectively.
3. The method for detecting the rotation error of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the detection assembly (5) comprises a mounting seat (51), an adjusting arm (52) for adjusting the position of a detection table (53) and the detection table (53) which are sequentially connected, in the step of S2 obtaining the coordinate values of X4 and Y4,
placing or installing the installation seat (51) on the table top of the C-axis turntable (12);
after the position of the fixing seat (11) is moved, the position of the detection table (53) is readjusted by adjusting the adjusting arm (52), so that the contact of the detection table (53) is abutted against the outer wall of the spindle detecting rod (2).
4. The method for detecting the rotation error of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step of acquiring the Z4 coordinate value comprises the following steps:
a first gauge block (4) with known thickness is fixed on the table top of the C-axis turntable (12);
moving the fixing seat (11) to the position where the end of the main shaft detecting rod (2) is propped against the first gauge block (4), and recording the Z coordinate value of the connecting position of the fixing seat (11) and the main shaft detecting rod (2) at the moment;
the coordinate value of Z4 is obtained through calculation through the thickness of the first gauge block (4), the Z coordinate of the connecting position of the fixing seat (11) and the spindle detecting rod (2) and the length from the bottom end of the spindle detecting rod (2) to the connecting position of the spindle detecting rod (2) and the fixing seat (11).
5. The method for detecting the rotation error of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step of acquiring the coordinate values Xa and Xb includes:
the B-axis turntable (13) rotates 90 degrees around the self axis, so that the C-axis turntable (12) rotates to the self axis level;
a second gauge block (6) with known thickness is fixed on the surface of the C-axis turntable (12), and the spindle detecting rod (2) is moved, so that the second gauge block (6) is propped against the spindle detecting rod (2);
the value Xa or Xb is obtained through the radius of the abutting position of the spindle detecting rod (2), the X coordinate value of the axis of the spindle detecting rod (2) and the thickness calculation of the second gauge block (6).
6. The method for detecting the rotation error of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S42 comprises the following steps:
s421: the table top of the C-axis turntable (12) is kept horizontal, and a workpiece (3) is arranged on the table top of the C-axis turntable (12);
s422: after the spindle detecting rod (2) is removed, a milling cutter is arranged at the bottom of the fixed seat (11);
s423: cutting an inner side groove (31) with a rectangular or square horizontal section on a workpiece (3) so that the inner wall of the inner side groove (31) is parallel to an X axis or a Y axis, and the center of the horizontal section of the inner side groove (31) is coincident with the axis of a C-axis turntable (12) measured by S2;
s424: the B-axis turntable (13) is rotated for 90 degrees around the axis of the B-axis turntable (13), so that the axis of the C-axis turntable (12) is horizontal, after the position of the fixed seat (11) is adjusted, the fixed seat (11) is horizontally moved to cut the workpiece (3), and a circumscribed surface (32) is cut;
s425: the C-axis turntable (12) rotates 90 degrees around the axis of the C-axis turntable (12), the fixed seat (11) is horizontally moved to cut the workpiece (3), and a second external cutting surface (32) is cut;
s426: repeating the step S423 until 4 sequentially vertical and connected circumscribed surfaces (32) are cut;
s427: measuring the distance from the adjacent external tangential plane (32) to the inner side groove (31) to obtain X-axis direction data Xc and Xd, wherein Xcd is the difference value of Xc and Xd; y-axis direction data Ya and Yb are obtained, and Yab is the difference between Ya and Yb.
7. The method for detecting the rotation error of the five-axis machine tool according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S423, the fixed seat (11) is driven to move in a three-dimensional coordinate plane by using the coordinate values of X4 and Y4 input in the step S3 in the numerical control system, and an inner groove (31) is cut by using a milling cutter side blade;
in the steps S424-S426, the fixing seat (11) is driven to reciprocate along the Y axis, the position of the X axis direction is adjusted, and the external tangential surface (32) is cut through the bottom edge of the milling cutter.
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