CN115415757A - Shield machine main bearing machining process - Google Patents
Shield machine main bearing machining process Download PDFInfo
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- CN115415757A CN115415757A CN202211205137.1A CN202211205137A CN115415757A CN 115415757 A CN115415757 A CN 115415757A CN 202211205137 A CN202211205137 A CN 202211205137A CN 115415757 A CN115415757 A CN 115415757A
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- bearing ring
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013072 incoming material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing machining, and particularly relates to a machining process of a main bearing of a shield machine, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: processing incoming materials of the bearing ring; step two: turning the surface of a bearing ring: step three: and (3) heat treatment processing: step four: hard gear milling processing; step five: numerically controlling and drilling a radial oil hole; step six: drilling a bearing ring; step seven: finely turning the double end faces and the outer diameter; step eight: hard turning is carried out to replace grinding of double end faces, and chamfering of the double end faces and the outer diameter is carried out; step nine: finely turning the sealing circular truncated cone, and rolling the diameter of the sealing circular truncated cone; step ten: hard turning the outer diameter, the step surface, the fillet and the chamfer; step eleven: finely turning steps, sealing grooves and chamfers of the sealing grooves; step twelve: processing a channel; step thirteen: and cleaning the surface of the bearing ring. The machining process of the main bearing of the shield machine can meet the requirements of the depth of a raceway hardened layer, the tooth precision, the depth of the hardened layer, the surface precision and the form and position tolerance of the bearing, and can meet the market requirement efficiently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing machining, and particularly relates to a machining process of a main bearing of a shield tunneling machine.
Background
The shield machine is a tunnel construction device which integrates mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, optical, mechanical, pneumatic, sensing, information and guiding into a whole and can complete the construction procedures of tunneling, supporting, slag tapping and the like and perform continuous operation of factory assembly line type operation. The main bearing of the shield machine with large volume and wide range mainly comprises a three-row cylindrical roller combined bearing and a three-row four-row cylindrical roller combined bearing, wherein the most commonly used three-row cylindrical roller combined bearing can be divided into an inner tooth type and an outer tooth type. The main bearing of the shield machine mainly has the functions of supporting and transferring movement and load, but the shield machine has extremely low rotating speed, extremely large load, inaccurate prediction and extremely high reliability requirement, so that the main bearing of the shield machine bears great risk and also puts harsh requirements on the design and the manufacture of the main bearing. The requirements of the surface quality and form and position tolerance of the roller path are high, but the processing efficiency is low and the process defects limit the output quantity, and the market requirements cannot be met, so that a novel processing technology which can meet the process requirements and can meet the market requirements at high efficiency is always sought to finish the processing of the products.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a machining process of a main bearing of a shield machine, which can improve the machining quality of the main bearing product of the shield machine.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the shield machine main bearing machining process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: processing incoming materials of the bearing ring;
step two: turning the surface of a bearing ring:
a. turning the diameter of the circular truncated cone, the outer diameter of the circular truncated cone, a step of a sealing groove and a chamfer;
b. turning channels, oil ditches and ditch opening fillets;
step three: and (3) heat treatment processing:
a. channel quenching;
b. tempering the channel;
c. magnetic powder inspection;
step four: processing hard milling teeth;
step five: numerically controlling and drilling a radial oil hole;
step six: drilling a bearing ring;
step seven: finish turning of double end faces and external diameter
Step eight: hard turning to replace grinding of the two end faces, and hard turning of the two end faces and chamfering of the outer diameter;
step nine: finely turning the sealing circular truncated cone, and rolling the diameter of the sealing circular truncated cone;
step ten: hard turning the outer diameter, the step surface, the fillet and the chamfer;
step eleven: finely turning steps, sealing grooves and chamfers of the sealing grooves;
step twelve: processing a channel;
a. removing oxide skin in the oil drain;
b. hard turning channel and groove fillet;
c. polishing the soft belt of the channel;
step thirteen: and cleaning the surface of the bearing ring, including acute angle passivation, deburring and cleaning.
Further, for the step one, the incoming material treatment of the bearing ring comprises the following steps:
a. checking and accepting incoming materials;
b. finely turning two end faces, inner diameter, outer diameter, chamfer and writing a product;
c. and (5) numerically controlling and drilling a marking hole.
Furthermore, in the second step, typing is carried out on the product after the channel, the oil ditch and the groove opening are lathed into round corners; and in the tenth step, typing the product after hard turning the outer diameter, the step surface, the fillet and the chamfer.
Further, in the third step, a quenching inductor is adopted for channel quenching, the heating power is 83-93kw, the frequency is 3.0-3.6KHZ, the turn ratio is 13:1, the moving speed is 80 +/-10 mm/min; the temperature of the channel tempering process is 180 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-6h.
Further, in the third step, a secondary circumferential current magnetic particle inspection method is adopted for magnetic particle inspection.
Further, in the fourth step, a gear rough milling process is adopted in the hard gear milling process, 24-hour aging treatment is assisted at room temperature, internal stress is released, tooth punching deformation is reduced, a reserved amount is determined, and a forward and backward two-cutter tooth-spanning finish milling process is implemented.
Further, the forward and reverse two-cutter tooth-span finish milling process is characterized in that two milling cutters are used for processing simultaneously, one milling cutter performs tooth jumping forward milling, and the other milling cutter performs tooth jumping reverse milling 180 degrees away from the first milling cutter.
Further, for the sixth step, the bearing ring drilling includes drilling a mounting hole, connecting a hole bottom hole, chamfering an orifice and tapping a threaded hole.
Furthermore, after the bearing ring is machined and the surface is cleaned, detection before assembly is needed, and assembly is carried out after detection.
Furthermore, the diameter deviation of the rolling body and the processed bearing ring needs to be measured in the assembling process, and the assembly is carried out in a normal distribution deviation complementation mode; the central values of the diameter size distribution of the outer grooves are respectively D e The central value of the distribution of the diameter size of the inner groove is d i The central value of the distribution of the diameter sizes of the steel balls is D w The center of play distribution is G r At or near G r ＝D e -d i -2D w The assembly was carried out under conditions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the machining process of the main bearing of the shield machine can meet the requirements of the depth of a raceway hardened layer, the tooth precision, the depth of the hardened layer, the surface precision and the form and position tolerance of the bearing, and can meet the market requirement at high efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a shield machine main bearing processing process;
FIGS. 2a and 2b are schematic views of the second step in the processing position;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the eighth processing position;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a ninth processing position;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a tenth process position;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an eleventh process position;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a post-carriage typing position;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a hard post-cycle typing position;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a main bearing structure of a shield tunneling machine;
in the figure: 1. the sealing groove step 2, the chamfer C1,3, the channel 4, the outer diameter 5, the oil groove 6, the chamfer R3,7, the round step 8, the double end face 9, the rolling sealing outer diameter 10, the sealing circular table 11, the step face 12, the fillet 13, the outer diameter 14, the chamfer I, the sealing groove step 15, the sealing groove step 16, the sealing groove 17, the chamfer II, the chamfer 18, the typing position after the fine turning, the typing position after the hard turning 19.
Detailed Description
In order to make the structure and function of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to the attached drawings 1-9, the machining process of the main bearing of the shield machine comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: processing incoming materials of the bearing ring;
a. checking and accepting incoming materials;
b. finely turning two end faces, inner diameter, outer diameter, chamfer and writing a product;
c. numerically controlling and drilling a marking hole;
step two: finely turning the surface of the bearing ring;
a. the method comprises the following steps of finely turning a circular table diameter 7, an outer diameter 4, a sealing groove step 1, chamfers 2 and 6;
b. the channel 3, the oil ditch 5 and the ditch opening round corner are finely turned, and the product is typed 18;
step three: carrying out heat treatment processing;
a. channel quenching; a quenching inductor is adopted;
| heating power (kw) | 83-93 | Frequency (KHZ) | 3.0-3.6 |
| Turn ratio | 13：1 | Moving speed (mm/min) | 80±10 |
b. Tempering the channel;
| temperature (. Degree. C.) | 180±10 | Incubation time (h) | 4-6 |
c. Magnetic powder inspection; the magnetic powder inspection adopts a secondary circumferential current magnetic powder inspection method, a continuous method is used for detecting the defects in the circumferential direction of the high-precision ferrule, a magnetic field is applied while magnetic powder or magnetic suspension is applied, the method has extremely high detection sensitivity, but non-relevant display is easy to generate, the visual accessibility is poor, at least two persons form a group during practical application, and manual inspection is respectively carried out at least twice in a darkroom to increase the fault tolerance rate;
step four: processing hard milling teeth; in the hard gear milling process, a gear rough milling process is adopted, 24-hour aging treatment is assisted at room temperature, internal stress is released, cogging deformation is reduced, a reserved amount is determined, and a forward and reverse two-cutter tooth-crossing finish milling process is implemented. Two milling cutters are used for processing simultaneously, one milling cutter performs tooth skipping forward milling, the other milling cutter performs tooth skipping backward milling 180 degrees away from the first milling cutter, so that the tooth milling efficiency can be effectively accelerated, partial cutting forces of the two milling cutters can be mutually offset, the play of a working table is reduced, the surface quality of teeth is improved, and the dynamic balance problem of a large cutter head in high-speed cutting is effectively solved.
Step five: numerically controlling and drilling a radial oil hole;
step six: drilling a bearing ring, wherein the drilling comprises drilling a mounting hole, connecting hole bottom holes, orifice chamfers and tapping by threaded holes;
step seven: finely turning the double end faces 8 and the outer diameter;
step eight: hard turning the double end faces 8 instead of grinding, and chamfering the double end faces 8 and the outer diameter;
step nine: finely turning a sealing circular table 10, and rolling and sealing the outer diameter 9;
step ten: the hard car outer diameter 13, the step surface 11, the fillet 12, the chamfer I14 and the product writing 19;
step eleven: finely turning a seal groove step 15, a seal groove 16 and a second chamfer 17;
step twelve: processing a channel;
a. removing oxide skin in the oil drain 5;
b. hard turning a channel 3 and a channel opening fillet;
c. polishing the soft belt of the channel 3;
step thirteen: and cleaning the surface of the bearing ring, including acute angle passivation, deburring and cleaning.
Fourteen steps: detecting before loading; the joint measuring arm, the contourgraph and the surface roughness meter are used for detecting the shape and position precision and the surface roughness of the raceway, so that the shape precision, the surface roughness and the surface quality of the raceway are complete without grinding burn, and the flatness, the each-directional run-out, the parallelism difference and the verticality form and position tolerance of the end face are ensured to meet the requirements;
step fifteen: normal distribution deviation complementation optimization assembly; and (4) measuring the diameter deviation of the rolling body and the processed bearing ring, wherein under the normal process condition, the diameter deviation of the outer groove, the diameter deviation of the inner groove and the diameter deviation of the steel ball of the bearing ring all accord with the normal distribution rule. The distribution center values of the diameter size of the outer groove, the diameter size of the inner groove and the diameter size of the steel ball are respectively D e 、d i And D w The dispersion ranges are respectively 6 sigma e 、6σ i And 6 σ w . Then the clearance Δ G r Is also a random variable whose distribution center G r Satisfies the following conditions:
G r ＝D e -d i -2D w
at the time of assembly, as long as D e 、d i 、D w And G r Correspondingly, the highest sleeve rate can be obtained.
In the assembly process, attention needs to be paid, the cleanliness inspection standard before the shield machine main bearing is assembled is determined, and the cleanliness requirement of parts to be assembled of the shield machine main bearing is met. The method comprises the steps of accurately measuring the diameter deviation of a rolling body and a ferrule, carrying out mathematical statistics of the deviation, adopting a deviation complementation principle, carrying out size deviation sorting and allocation standardization on the bearing ferrule and the rolling body, ensuring the radial clearance and the axial clearance of a bearing, analyzing the influence of the axial clearance and the radial clearance on the bearing capacity, carrying out radial clearance regulation and control on the basis of the axial clearance, and formulating a matching method of the axial clearance and the radial clearance. Finally, the coating consistency of the product is ensured.
The bearing structure obtained by the processing technology is the same as that of a conventional product, but the requirements of the depth of a raceway hardening layer, the tooth precision, the depth of the hardening layer, the surface precision and form and position tolerance of the bearing are extremely high, and the requirements of the mutual matching performance are strict. The magnetic powder inspection technology of secondary circumferential current is adopted when magnetic powder inspection is carried out; before assembly, a joint measuring arm, a contourgraph and a surface roughness meter are used for detecting the shape and position precision and the surface roughness of the raceway, so that the shape precision, the surface roughness and the surface quality of the raceway are ensured to be complete without grinding burn, and the flatness, the each-directional run-out, the parallelism difference and the verticality form and position tolerance of the end face are ensured to meet the requirements; the method comprises the steps of adopting a high-precision milling cutter disc and a wear-resistant milling cutter block, adopting a gear rough milling process, assisting in aging treatment, releasing internal stress, reducing tooth punching deformation, determining reasonable allowance, implementing a forward and reverse two-cutter tooth-span finish milling process, statistically analyzing a tooth surface induction quenching deformation rule, and adopting a hard milling and grinding finish machining process; determining a sealing reference surface by adopting a high-precision sealing groove cutter, optimizing a sealing finish turning process flow and adopting a one-step forming finish turning technology; the numerical control flexible drilling tool with the deep length-diameter ratio is adopted, a one-time drilling-through processing mode is adopted, the indexing precision control of equipment is adjusted, the joint arm measuring technology is assisted, the alignment technology before processing is implemented, the deep hole threads are milled, the perpendicularity of the deep hole threads is guaranteed, and the bearing mounting precision requirement is met.
The parameter comparison of the main bearing of the shield machine obtained by the processing method of the invention and the conventional products on the market refers to the table I, the table II and the table III:
TABLE I, assembly parameter requirements (Unit: mum)
Table two, seat ring parameter requirement (unit: mum)
Table III, axle ring parameter requirement (unit: mum)
The above list is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The shield machine main bearing machining process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: processing incoming materials of the bearing ring;
step two: turning the surface of a bearing ring:
a. turning the diameter of the circular truncated cone, the outer diameter of the circular truncated cone, a step of a sealing groove and a chamfer;
b. turning channels, oil ditches and ditch opening fillets;
step three: and (3) heat treatment processing:
a. channel quenching;
b. tempering the channel;
c. magnetic powder inspection;
step four: processing hard milling teeth;
step five: numerically controlling and drilling a radial oil hole;
step six: drilling a bearing ring;
step seven: finely turning the double end faces and the outer diameter;
step eight: hard turning for grinding double end faces, hard turning for chamfering double end faces and outer diameter;
step nine: finely turning the sealing circular truncated cone, and rolling the diameter of the sealing circular truncated cone;
step ten: hard turning the outer diameter, the step surface, the fillet and the chamfer;
step eleven: finely turning steps, sealing grooves and chamfers of the sealing grooves;
step twelve: processing a channel;
a. descaling the oil drain;
b. hard turning of channel and groove opening fillets;
c. polishing the soft belt of the channel;
step thirteen: and (3) cleaning the surface of the bearing ring, including acute angle passivation, deburring and cleaning.
2. The shield machine main bearing machining process according to claim 1, wherein for the first step, the bearing ring incoming material treatment comprises the following steps:
a. checking and accepting incoming materials;
b. finely turning two end faces, inner diameter, outer diameter, chamfer and writing a product;
c. and (5) numerically controlling and drilling a marking hole.
3. The machining process of the main bearing of the shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, typing is performed after turning the channel, the oil groove and the groove opening fillet; and in the tenth step, typing the product after hard turning the outer diameter, the step surface, the fillet and the chamfer.
4. The shield machine main bearing machining process according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, a quenching inductor is adopted for channel quenching, the heating power is 83-93kw, the frequency is 3.0-3.6KHZ, and the turn ratio is 13:1, the moving speed is 80 +/-10 mm/min; the temperature of the channel tempering process is 180 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-6h.
5. The machining process of the main bearing of the shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, a secondary circumferential magnetic particle inspection method is adopted for magnetic particle inspection.
6. The shield machine main bearing machining process according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, a gear rough milling process is adopted in the hard gear milling machining process, 24-hour aging treatment is assisted at room temperature, internal stress is released, cogging deformation is reduced, a reserved amount is determined, and a forward and reverse two-cutter tooth-spanning finish milling process is implemented.
7. The shield machine main bearing machining process according to claim 6, wherein the forward and reverse two-cutter tooth-span finish milling process is to simultaneously use two milling cutters for machining, wherein one milling cutter is used for forward milling while the other milling cutter is used for backward milling while the other milling cutter is used for forward milling while the other milling cutter is 180 degrees away from the first milling cutter.
8. The shield machine main bearing machining process according to claim 1, wherein for the sixth step, the bearing ring drilling comprises mounting hole drilling, connecting hole bottom hole drilling, hole opening chamfering and thread hole tapping.
9. The shield machine main bearing machining process according to claim 1, wherein after the bearing ring machining and the surface cleaning are completed, pre-assembly detection is required, and assembly is performed after the detection.
10. The machining process of the main bearing of the shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein in the assembling process, the diameter deviation of the rolling body and the machined bearing ring needs to be measured, and the rolling body and the machined bearing ring are assembled in a normal distribution deviation complementation mode; the central values of the diameter size distribution of the outer grooves are respectively D e The central value of the distribution of the diameter size of the inner groove is d i The central value of the distribution of the diameter sizes of the steel balls is D w The center of play distribution is G r In the presence of a catalyst satisfying G r ＝D e -d i -2D w The assembly was performed under the conditions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211205137.1A CN115415757A (en) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Shield machine main bearing machining process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211205137.1A CN115415757A (en) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Shield machine main bearing machining process |
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| CN115415757A true CN115415757A (en) | 2022-12-02 |
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| CN202211205137.1A Pending CN115415757A (en) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Shield machine main bearing machining process |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050160602A1 (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2005-07-28 | Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing a bearing raceway member |
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2022
- 2022-09-29 CN CN202211205137.1A patent/CN115415757A/en active Pending
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