CN115414323A - 一种实验猪的全身麻醉方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种实验猪的全身麻醉方法,属于麻醉学技术领域,包含以下步骤:a.配制麻醉药剂,在无菌条件下,先将舒泰用无菌注射用水溶解,再加入陆眠宁注射液,而后加入阿托品注射液配制成混合溶液麻醉药剂;舒泰溶液浓度为50 mg/ml,用量为0.06‑0.1 ml/kg;陆眠宁注射液浓度为100 mg/ml,用量为0.01‑0.02 ml/kg,阿托品注射液的浓度为0.5 mg/ml,用量为0.04 ml/kg;b.麻醉药剂注射,先给实验猪肌肉注射配制好的混合溶液麻醉药剂,使其进入麻醉状态,然后用丙泊酚注射液静脉滴入以维持麻醉状态。这种实验猪的全身麻醉方法具有起效速度快、术中操作简单、麻醉苏醒快、动物清醒后状态好的显著优点,使得实验手术操作可以更安全、更可控地进行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及麻醉学技术领域,具体为一种实验猪的全身麻醉方法。
背景技术
动物实验能否顺利的进行与麻醉效果息息相关,同时也是保障动物福利的一项重要内容。我国于2018年9月1号正式实施的国家标准《实验动物福利伦理审查指南》,内容涉及实验动物操作与管理的各个方面,在提升动物实验科学性的同时也要保障实验动物的福利。除此之外,为进一步保障实验动物的福利,国外期刊普遍建议不再使用水合氯醛作为实验动物的麻醉剂。根据我国实验动物有关法规和标准,不断提升动物实验研究的水平并获得国际学术界同行的认可,在实验动物麻醉方法中,鉴于水合氯醛原属于镇静、催眠及抗惊厥药,作为麻醉剂效果较差,刺激性强、毒副作用较大,存在干扰实验结果、对实验动物不人道和有悖实验动物福利伦理审查原则等问题,这就要求我们必须对实验动物采取安全、有效的麻醉方法。
对于不同动物的麻醉,药物的选择和使用剂量是不同的。动物麻醉最危险的副作用是会对实验动物呼吸中枢产生抑制作用以及呼吸道分泌物增多引起的通气阻塞,严重时会引起呼吸中枢麻痹,动物自主呼吸停止进而导致死亡,或呼吸道分泌物增多引起的窒息。
目前在医学、生物学试验研究中,对实验猪常用的麻醉药有氯胺酮、戊巴比妥钠、陆眠宁Ⅱ,镇静剂有塞拉嗪、咪达唑仑。但是氯胺酮单独应用不能够对小型猪的内脏器官产生镇痛作用,必须与其他药物联合应用才能产生较好的肌肉松弛与镇痛效果。戊巴比妥钠安全范围小,对呼吸中枢有明显抑制作用,不适合猪的静脉给药。陆眠宁Ⅱ对心血管和呼吸具有抑制作用,不适合长时间麻醉。塞拉嗪对于猪不是一种强力镇静剂,咪达唑仑可能会低概率出现与镇静效果截然相反的效果,如躁动或不自主运动。公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成己为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述背景技术困难,改进麻醉药剂并提供一种实验猪的全身麻醉方法。
为达到上述目的,采用的技术方案为:
一种实验猪的全身麻醉方法,包含以下步骤:
a.配制麻醉药剂,在无菌条件下,先将舒泰用无菌注射用水溶解,再加入陆眠宁注射液,而后加入阿托品注射液配制成混合溶液麻醉药剂;
舒泰溶液浓度为50mg/ml,用量为0.06-0.1ml/kg;陆眠宁注射液浓度为100mg/ml,用量为0.01-0.02ml/kg,阿托品注射液的浓度为0.5mg/ml,用量为0.04ml/kg;
b.麻醉药剂注射,先给实验猪肌肉注射配制好的混合溶液麻醉药剂,使其进入麻醉状态,然后用丙泊酚注射液静脉滴入以维持麻醉状态。
进一步,所述步骤a中,舒泰溶液用量为0.09ml/kg;陆眠宁注射液用量为0.18ml/kg。
进一步,所述实验猪是从江小型香猪。
进一步,所述步骤b中,肌肉注射的部位为猪的右侧臀部,注射时注意避开神经和血管;首先选择大小合适的注射针头,将猪适当保定后,局部常规消毒处理;轻压注射部位,使猪逐渐适应,免于突然受到刺激后产生应激反应,注射器针头与皮肤垂直,迅速刺入肌肉内,刺入深度为2-3cm,回抽无血后再缓慢注入;针头若回抽有血,则将针头后退少许更换方向再刺入,回抽无血后再注入;注射完毕后,左手持酒精棉球压迫针孔部位,然后迅速拔出针头。
进一步,所述步骤b中,肌肉注射使猪进入麻醉状态后,给实验猪进行气管插管;静脉滴入采用耳静脉通道进行,并置入留置针。
进一步,所述步骤b中,丙泊酚注射液采用生理盐水稀释,浓度为20mg/ml。
采用上述方案的有益效果为:这种实验猪的全身麻醉方法具有起效速度快、术中操作简单、麻醉苏醒快、动物清醒后状态好的显著优点,使得实验手术操作可以更安全、更可控地进行。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的实验数据折线图。
图2为本发明实施例2的实验数据折线图。
图3为本发明实施例3的实验数据折线图。
图4为本发明实施例4的实验数据折线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明的具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实验猪麻醉实施前的准备如下:
观察指标:麻醉诱导时间、实验猪的体温(肛温)、呼吸频率(次/分)、心率(次/分)、血氧饱和度(SPO2)、麻醉持续时间、麻醉苏醒时间及状态。(注:心电监护仪上的呼吸频率是依靠心电图的电极片来感知胸廓的阻抗变化,显示呼吸的波形和数据,受影响产生的误差可能较大。)
动物准备:四头去势雄性贵州小型香猪,年龄约14个月,体重55kg左右。麻醉前12h禁饮食。
麻醉及监护相关器材准备:保定笼、体重秤、手术台、无影灯、心电监护仪、一次性使用气管插管、喉镜、简易呼吸气囊、10ml无菌注射器、一次性输液袋、金属注射针头、酒精棉球等。
麻醉相关药品准备:①舒泰:通用名称为:注射用盐酸替来他明盐酸唑拉西泮,规格为:替来他明125mg+唑拉西泮125mg,生产企业为:法国维克有限公司(VIRBAC);②陆眠宁:通用名称为:盐酸塞拉嗪注射液,规格为:2ml:0.2g;生产企业为:吉林省华牧动物保健品有限公司;③阿托品:通用名称为:硫酸阿托品注射液,规格为:2ml:1mg,生产企业为:上海全宇生物科技(驻马店)动物药业有限公司;④丙泊酚:通用名称为:丙泊酚乳状注射液,规格为10ml/0.1g,生产企业为:西安力邦制药有限公司;⑤生理盐水:通用名称为:生理氯化钠溶液,规格为500ml:4.5g,生产企业为:四川科伦药业股份有限公司。
实施例1:
基本信息:
编号:1号猪、1522633-33138620
体重:57.7kg
性别:雄性
麻醉开始-结束的时间:8:50-12:40(3小时50分)
麻醉诱导时间:10min
苏醒时间:
麻醉加药时间和药量:
注:药名中“混”为舒泰:陆眠宁体积比为5:1的混合溶液,“阿”为阿托品,“丙”为丙泊酚,“生”为生理盐水,静脉滴注时先按体积比1:1混合。
操作步骤为:
1.先给实验动物猪注射舒泰+陆眠宁+阿托品的混合溶液,使其进入麻醉状态。后用丙泊酚静脉输入以维持麻醉状态。所述混合溶液的配制方法是:在无菌条件下,将5ml舒泰包装内无菌注射用水溶解固体瓶内粉末后加入1ml陆眠宁配成预混合液体,后按0.12ml/kg,(酌情可将注射药量范围控制在60%~100%)与0.04ml/kg阿托品混合后配制成终混合溶液。
2.将猪适当保定后,在实验动物猪的右侧臀部肌肉注射。选择大小合适的金属注射器针头。注意避开神经和血管。局部常规消毒处理。左手拇指与食指轻压需要注射的部位,使猪逐渐适应,免于突然受到刺激后产生应激反应,进而误伤实验人员或伤害实验动物本身。右手持注射器,使针头与皮肤垂直,迅速刺入肌肉内,刺入深度为2~3cm,回抽无血后缓慢注入麻药,若回抽有血则可后退针头少许后更换方向,试抽无血后缓慢注入麻药。注射完毕后,左手持酒精棉球压迫针孔部位,后迅速拔出针头。
3.肌肉注射进入麻醉状态后,即意识完全消失,大脑皮层受到抑制,猪静卧。此时可将实验猪抬至手术台,接入心电监护仪,一边在无影灯下进行气管插管,一边打开耳静脉通道,置入留置针,根据实际情况调整丙泊酚稀释液滴注速度即用药剂量。
4.麻醉过程中根据情况加注舒泰和陆眠宁混合溶液,提前半小时停止输入麻药使其逐渐苏醒。
自接入心电监护仪起,具体数据如下:
如图1为本发明实施例1的实验数据折线图。
实施例2
基本信息:
编号:2号猪、1522633-01138629
体重:58kg
性别:雄性
手术开始-结束时间:9:31-13:01
麻醉内容:
麻醉开始-结束的时间:9:00-13:01
苏醒时间:
麻醉加药时间和药量:
注:药名中“混”为舒泰:陆眠宁体积比为5:1的混合溶液,“阿”为阿托品,“丙”为丙泊酚,“生”为生理盐水,静脉滴注时先按体积比1:1混合。
操作步骤同上。
自接入心电监护仪起,具体数据如下:
如图2为本发明实施例2的实验数据折线图。
实施例3:
基本信息:
编号:3号猪、1522633-01138627
体重:57.7kg
性别:雄性
手术开始-结束时间:15:02-17:47(2小时45分)
麻醉内容:
麻醉开始-结束的时间:14:10-17:49(3小时39分)
麻醉诱导时间:6分3秒
苏醒时间:
17:49 | 18:02 | 18:08 | 18:12 | 18:19 | 18:21 |
活动 | 抽动 | 空咀嚼 | 动耳朵 | 睁开眼睛 |
麻醉加药时间和药量:
注:药名中“混”为舒泰:陆眠宁体积比为5:1的混合溶液,“阿”为阿托品,“丙”为丙泊酚,“生”为生理盐水,静脉滴注时先按体积比1:1混合。
操作步骤同上。
自接入心电监护仪起,具体数据如下:
如图3为本发明实施例3的实验数据折线图。
实施例4:
基本信息:
编号:4号猪、1522635-01128626
体重:54kg
性别:雄性
手术开始-结束时间:14:20-17:03(2小时43分)
麻醉内容:
麻醉开始-结束的时间:13:30-17:00(3小时30分)
麻醉诱导时间:12分49秒
苏醒时间:
麻醉加药时间和加药量:
注:药名中“混”为舒泰:陆眠宁体积比为5:1的混合溶液,“阿”为阿托品,“丙”为丙泊酚,“生”为生理盐水,静脉滴注时先按体积比1:1混合。
操作步骤同上。
自接入心电监护仪起,具体数据如下:
如图4为本发明实施例4的实验数据折线图。
由上述可知,采用实施例的方案对实验猪进行麻醉与以往麻醉方法相比,具有起效速度快、术中操作简单、麻醉苏醒快、动物清醒后状态好的特点。可以使得手术操作可以在安全、可控的条件下顺利进行。更重要的是符合实验动物伦理学的要求,切实保障实验动物的福利。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式,并且很显然根据上述指导,可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种实验猪的全身麻醉方法,其特征是,包含以下步骤:
a.配制麻醉药剂,在无菌条件下,先将舒泰用无菌注射用水溶解,再加入陆眠宁注射液,而后加入阿托品注射液配制成混合溶液麻醉药剂;
舒泰溶液浓度为50 mg/ml,用量为0.06-0.1 ml/kg;陆眠宁注射液浓度为100 mg/ml,用量为0.01-0.02 ml/kg,阿托品注射液的浓度为0.5 mg/ml,用量为0.04 ml/kg;
b.麻醉药剂注射,先给实验猪肌肉注射配制好的混合溶液麻醉药剂,使其进入麻醉状态,然后用丙泊酚注射液静脉滴入以维持麻醉状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的实验猪的全身麻醉方法,其特征是:所述步骤a中,舒泰溶液用量为0.09 ml/kg;陆眠宁注射液用量为0.18 ml/kg。
3.根据权利要求1所述的实验猪的全身麻醉方法,其特征是:所述实验猪是从江小型香猪。
4.根据权利要求1所述的实验猪的全身麻醉方法,其特征是:
所述步骤b中,肌肉注射的部位为猪的右侧臀部,注射时注意避开神经和血管;首先选择大小合适的注射针头,将猪适当保定后,局部常规消毒处理;轻压注射部位,使猪逐渐适应,免于突然受到刺激后产生应激反应,注射器针头与皮肤垂直,迅速刺入肌肉内,刺入深度为2-3 cm,回抽无血后再缓慢注入;针头若回抽有血,则将针头后退少许更换方向再刺入,回抽无血后再注入;注射完毕后,左手持酒精棉球压迫针孔部位,然后迅速拔出针头。
5.根据权利要求1所述的实验猪的全身麻醉方法,其特征是:所述步骤b中,肌肉注射使猪进入麻醉状态后,给实验猪进行气管插管;静脉滴入采用耳静脉通道进行,并置入留置针。
6.根据权利要求1所述的实验猪的全身麻醉方法,其特征是:所述步骤b中,丙泊酚注射液采用生理盐水稀释,浓度为20 mg/ml。
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CN111358797A (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-03 | 山东省药学科学院 | 犬用静脉输注复方麻醉剂 |
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