CN115413734A - 一种抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于饲料技术领域，具体涉及一种抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂、制备方法及其应用。该抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂包括重楼(茎叶)20～30份、贯叶金丝桃20～30份、大青叶10～15份、鱼腥草10～15份。将各组分混合的混合物在蒸馏水中进行煎煮，纱布过滤，收集滤液，以占常规饲料质量3～5％的中草药饲料添加剂与常规饲料混合后用于家畜家禽饲养，结合重楼、贯叶金丝桃清、大青叶和鱼腥草清热解毒的功效，具有治疗流行性感冒、增强免疫力的效果，采用中药材入药后预留的茎秆、枝叶为原料药，实现废料再利用，既保护了环境，也提高了中草药的经济效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料技术领域，具体涉及一种抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂、制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
中国作为中草药的发源地，从神农尝百草开始，生产和使用中草药的历史悠久，常见品种已达5000种左右，配伍而形成的方剂，更是数不胜数，主要是由植物药(根、茎、叶、果)和矿物药组成，用以预防和治疗疾病的药物。中药材使用掉主要精华成分后剩下废料，大多数弃之不用，造成资源浪费。
中草药饲料添加剂是以中草药为原料制成的饲料添加剂，主要包括粗粉、微粉和植物提取物三大类，具有天然性、低毒性、不易产生抗药性以及抗病性等特点，使用中草药及其下脚料或废弃部分，实现废弃部分再利用，以药用植物为原料进行单独使用或混合配比而形成，晒干后经过粉碎便可以使用，不需要复杂的设备和工艺，经济实用，在动物保健、提高畜禽生产性能、改善畜禽产品质量和提升饲草料品质等方面具有重要作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是利用利用中药材入药后预留的茎秆、枝叶为原料药，将这些废弃的部位制成中草药饲料添加剂，可以提高动物免疫力。
本发明的技术方案中抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂包括重楼(茎叶)20～30份、贯叶金丝桃20～30份、大青叶10～15份、鱼腥草10～15份。
重楼为百合科重楼属植物的干燥根茎，味苦，性质寒凉，有小毒，归肝经，对多种肿瘤细胞具有抑制作用，具有清热解毒、消肿止痛、凉肝定惊、止咳平喘的功效。
贯叶金丝桃味辛，性寒，归肝经，主要成分是金丝桃素和伪金丝桃素，这两种物质对于抗抑郁、抗病毒和抗感染有很好的作用，并能促进血液循环，减少淤积现象，具有疏肝解郁，清热利湿，消肿通乳的功效，对焦躁不安、嗜睡、厌食、抑郁、失眠、精神运动障碍等症状有缓解作用。
大青叶别名大青、臭大青叶，为马鞭草科植物路边青、寥科植物蓼蓝、十字花科植物菘蓝、草大青叶或爵床科植物马蓝等的叶或枝叶。味苦，性寒，归肝经、心经、胃经、脾经，具有清热解毒，凉血消斑的功效。
鱼腥草有鱼腥气味，入口味辛，性微寒，可以增强白细胞的吞噬能力，提高血清备解素，能使毛细血管扩张，增加血流量及尿液分泌，具有抗菌、抗病毒、提高免疫力、消痈排脓、利尿通淋的功效，是天然又安全的抗生素。
进一步地，上述抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂包括重楼(茎叶)24～28份、贯叶金丝桃24～28份、大青叶12～14份、鱼腥草12～14份。
本发明还提供了一种抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将重楼(茎叶)清洗、剪碎，与贯叶金丝桃、大青叶、鱼腥草混合；
(2)将上述混合物在蒸馏水中进行煎煮，纱布过滤，收集滤液。
进一步地，步骤(2)中蒸馏水与混合物的质量比为4～5：1。
进一步地，步骤(2)中煎煮两次，每次60～80min，两次煎煮后合并滤液。
本发明还提供上述中草药饲料添加剂的应用，以占常规饲料质量3～5％的上述中草药饲料添加剂与常规饲料混合后用于家畜家禽饲养。
与现有技术相比，本申请技术方案的有益效果为：
(1)结合重楼、贯叶金丝桃清、大青叶和鱼腥草清热解毒的功效，该抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂具有治疗流行性感冒、增强免疫力的效果；
(2)采用中药材入药后预留的茎秆、枝叶为原料药，实现废料再利用，既保护了环境，也提高了中草药的经济效果；
(3)本发明所得中草药饲料添加剂使用比例较少，不用任何抗生素，配方安全可靠，可以达到很好的健胃促生长效果。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案作进一步描述说明，应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于帮助理解本发明，不用于本发明的具体限制。如果无特殊说明，本发明的实施例中所采用的原料均为本领域常用的原料，实施例中所采用的方法，均为本领域的常规方法。
以下实施例选用云南省文山壮族苗族自治州马关重楼种植基地的重楼茎叶，经过切碎清洗和晾晒处理，密封保存于阴凉干燥处待用，其余原料来自中药市场。
实施例1
本实施例抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法为：
(1)将重楼(茎叶)清洗、剪碎成约5mm×5mm的小片状，取重楼(茎叶)27份、贯叶金丝桃27份、大青叶12份、鱼腥草12份混合；
(2)将上述混合物在分别在5倍质量和4倍质量的蒸馏水中煎煮两次，并用纱布过滤，收集两次过滤所得的滤液。
实施例2
本实施例抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法为：
(1)将重楼(茎叶)清洗、剪碎成约5mm×5mm的小片状，取重楼(茎叶)27份、贯叶金丝桃30份、大青叶12份、鱼腥草12份混合；
(2)将上述混合物在分别在5倍质量和4倍质量的蒸馏水中煎煮两次，并用纱布过滤，收集两次过滤所得的滤液。
实施例3
本实施例抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法为：
(1)将重楼(茎叶)清洗、剪碎成约5mm×5mm的小片状，取重楼(茎叶)30份、贯叶金丝桃27份、大青叶12份、鱼腥草12份混合；
(2)将上述混合物在分别在5倍质量和4倍质量的蒸馏水中煎煮两次，并用纱布过滤，收集两次过滤所得的滤液。
实施例4
本实施例抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法为：
(1)将重楼(茎叶)清洗、剪碎成约5mm×5mm的小片状，取重楼(茎叶)27份、贯叶金丝桃27份、大青叶15份、鱼腥草12份混合；
(2)将上述混合物在分别在5倍质量和4倍质量的蒸馏水中煎煮两次，并用纱布过滤，收集两次过滤所得的滤液。
实施例5
本实施例抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法为：
(1)将重楼(茎叶)清洗、剪碎成约5mm×5mm的小片状，取重楼(茎叶)27份、贯叶金丝桃27份、大青叶12份、鱼腥草15份混合；
(2)将上述混合物在分别在5倍质量和4倍质量的蒸馏水中煎煮两次，并用纱布过滤，收集两次过滤所得的滤液。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于取重楼(茎叶)10份、贯叶金丝桃27份、大青叶12份、鱼腥草12份混合。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于取重楼(茎叶)40份、贯叶金丝桃27份、大青叶12份、鱼腥草12份混合。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于取重楼(茎叶)27份、贯叶金丝桃10份、大青叶12份、鱼腥草12份混合。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于取重楼(茎叶)27份、贯叶金丝桃40份、大青叶12份、鱼腥草12份混合。
对比例5
本对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于取重楼(茎叶)27份、贯叶金丝桃27份、大青叶5份、鱼腥草5份混合。
对比例6
本对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于取重楼(茎叶)27份、贯叶金丝桃27份、大青叶20份、鱼腥草20份混合。
对比例7
本对比例与实施例的区别仅在于使用抗生素代替本发明技术方案中的健胃促生长中草药饲料添加剂。
以上实施例所得中草药饲料添加剂，与常规饲料按照3:97的质量比混合，以体重20～25g的健康小白鼠为研究对象，购买小鼠45只，随机分为9组，即一个正常对照组和八个饲喂不同配方中药添加剂的组。采用灌胃给药的形式饲喂，根据《医学实验动物学实验指导》，对小鼠进行灌胃时的灌注量标准为“0.1～0.3ml/10g小鼠体重”，每天给药一次，连续饲喂15天，饲喂之前及饲喂结束之后，分别对所有实验小鼠进行体重测量，在实验期间，持续对小鼠进行外观、日常行为、精神状态的观察，并进行一些化学检测：
1、血常规检测
①肝素钠生理盐水溶液配制：用生理盐水将肝素钠注射液配制为10mg/ml的肝素钠生理盐水溶液；
②血样采集：饲养15天，所有小鼠在称量体重后，采用断尾采血法采集每组小鼠的抗凝全血，灭菌后的EP管中血样与肝纳素生理盐水溶液的体积比为1:1，将两者充分摇匀混合后采用自动血细胞分析仪(送检)进行血常规检查。
2、血液生化指标
所有小鼠空腹12h后，使用一次性输液针分别对每组小鼠进行眼后眶静脉取血，采血后先将装有血样的EP管在室温下静置30min等待血凝，然后3000rpm离心15min，分离上清液，带溶血的标本弃除不用，清晰的血清样品使用全自动生化分析仪(送检)作血液生化指标检测。小鼠饲养前后体征观察记录如表1所示。
表1小鼠饲养前后体征观察记录表
根据表1的结果显示，实施例1所得中草药饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为50.9％，实施例2所得中草药饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为47.4％，实施例3所得中草药饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为47.4％，实施例4所得中草药饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为45.3％，实施例5所得中草药饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为44.6％，对比例1所得中草药饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为42.2％，对比例2所得中草药饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为38.7％，对比例3所得中草药饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为40.6％，对比例4所得中草药饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为40.2％，对比例5所得中草药饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为42.5％，对比例6所得中草药饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为40.3％，对比例7使用抗生素作为饲料添加剂饲养小鼠15天后，小鼠体重增长率为46.0％，通过本发明中草药饲料添加剂饲喂的小鼠，体重增长率要明显高于常规小鼠，表明结合重楼、贯叶金丝桃清、大青叶和鱼腥草清热解毒的功效，具有治疗流行性感冒、增强免疫力的效果，有利于动物的生长发育。
最后应说明的是，本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明，而并非对本发明的实施方式的限定。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具有实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以全例。而这些属于本发明的实质精神所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍属于本发明的保护范围，把它们解释成任何一种附加的限制都是与本发明精神相违背的。
Claims (6)
1.一种抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂，其特征在于，包括重楼(茎叶)20～30份、贯叶金丝桃20～30份、大青叶10～15份、鱼腥草10～15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂，其特征在于，重楼(茎叶)24～28份、贯叶金丝桃24～28份、大青叶12～14份、鱼腥草12～14份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将重楼(茎叶)清洗、剪碎，与贯叶金丝桃、大青叶、鱼腥草混合；
(2)将上述混合物在蒸馏水中进行煎煮，纱布过滤，收集滤液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中蒸馏水与混合物的质量比为4～5：1。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中煎煮两次，每次60～80min，两次煎煮后合并滤液。
6.一种抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂的应用，其特征在于，以占常规饲料质量3～5％的权利要求1所述抗菌抗病毒中草药饲料添加剂与常规饲料混合后用于家畜家禽饲养。
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Application publication date: 20221202 |