CN115412146A - Processing method and device for satellite-based AIS (automatic identification System) signals - Google Patents
Processing method and device for satellite-based AIS (automatic identification System) signals Download PDFInfo
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- CN115412146A CN115412146A CN202210837237.XA CN202210837237A CN115412146A CN 115412146 A CN115412146 A CN 115412146A CN 202210837237 A CN202210837237 A CN 202210837237A CN 115412146 A CN115412146 A CN 115412146A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
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- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
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Abstract
The application discloses a processing method and a device for a satellite-based AIS signal, wherein the method adopts the adjustment of capture sensitivity, can control capture precision under the condition of different environmental signal quantities, and pointedly improves capture efficiency; and adopting a strategy of 'single-first-double-second', demodulating the signal according to a single-time-slot signal firstly, and demodulating according to a double-time-slot signal if the demodulation fails and the data has normal signal characteristics, thereby ensuring that the successfully-acquired message is demodulated to the maximum extent, and improving the processing performance of the AIS signal.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a processing method and device for satellite-based AIS signals.
Background
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a new type of ship collision avoidance System. The shipborne AIS transceiver is a signal transceiver equipped on a ship, and the device broadcasts dynamic and static information of the ship collected by a sensor and manually placed outwards in real time on one hand and captures dynamic and static information of other ships around on the other hand, so that the ship can master the surrounding marine environment in real time. The bank carries AIS receiver is one kind and equips the AIS signal monitoring device on ocean coastal, and its main function is to the real-time capture of near sea area boats and ships AIS signal, and the marine management mechanism accessible is to the monitoring of AIS signal, and the real-time effectual state information who masters ocean boats and ships realizes the effective supervision to boats and ships marine vessel.
Due to the AIS signal propagation distance limitations (typically 30 nautical miles of transmission), shore station AIS receivers are unable to provide status information covering global marine vessels. The satellite-borne AIS signal reconnaissance system can receive AIS signals of ships in hundreds of or thousands of oceans through low-orbit satellite assembly and can transmit the AIS signals to the ground station receiving system, and ship information tracking of national peripheral sea areas and even global sea areas can be achieved. Based on the above advantages, the satellite-borne AIS signal reconnaissance system is currently highly concerned by various countries.
The satellite-borne AIS signal reconnaissance system is complex in signal collision form, more signals exist in offshore areas, the collision phenomenon is serious, and fewer signals exist in offshore areas, and the collision phenomenon is lighter. Therefore, how to better complete AIS signal processing (such as capturing or demodulating) under different scenarios to improve AIS signal processing efficiency becomes an urgent issue to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem that this application solved is: aiming at how to improve the AIS signal processing performance, the application provides a processing method and device for a satellite-based AIS signal.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a processing method for a satellite-based AIS signal, where the method includes: acquiring one or more AIS signals, and preprocessing the one or more AIS signals to obtain preprocessed AIS signals; generating a pseudo code signal, generating a signal subjected to noise addition according to a noise coefficient configured in a current receiving scene and the pseudo code signal, and performing additive synthesis on the signal subjected to noise addition and the preprocessed AIS signal to obtain a synthesized signal, wherein the sampling rate of the pseudo code signal is equal to the preset sampling rate; and acquiring the acquired AIS signal by acquiring the AIS signal based on the preset condition and the synthesized signal.
Optionally, the preprocessing the one or more AIS signals to obtain a preprocessed AIS signal includes: sampling the one or more AIS signals based on a preset sampling rate to obtain sampled AIS signals; and filtering the sampled AIS signal to obtain a filtered AIS signal.
Optionally, generating a signal subjected to noise addition according to the noise coefficient configured in the current receiving scene and the pseudo code signal, includes: if the current receiving scene is an offshore scene, configuring a first noise coefficient based on the offshore scene, and generating a first noise-added signal based on the first noise coefficient and the pseudo code signal; if the current receiving scene is a far-sea scene, configuring a second noise coefficient based on the far-sea scene, and generating a second noise-added signal based on the second noise coefficient and the pseudo code signal; wherein the first noise figure is different from the second noise figure.
Optionally, generating a pseudo-code signal comprises: generating two paths of pseudo codes based on two paths of shift registers; and adding the two paths of pseudo codes to obtain the pseudo code signal.
Optionally, wherein the preset condition is a preset energy value range; performing AIS signal capture based on a preset condition and the synthesized signal to obtain a captured AIS signal, comprising: calculating the energy value of the synthesized signal, and screening out a first synthesized signal with the energy value outside the preset energy value range; and determining a first AIS signal corresponding to the first synthesized signal, and taking the first AIS signal as the captured AIS signal.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and caching the captured AIS signals and demodulating the cached AIS signals to obtain demodulated data.
Optionally, the buffering the captured AIS signal and demodulating the buffered AIS signal to obtain demodulated data includes: demodulating the message data in the cached AIS signal, and judging whether a cache pointer corresponding to the current message data to be demodulated is equal to a demodulation pointer of the current message data; if not, adopting a single time slot demodulation mode to demodulate the current message data to be demodulated; if the single-time slot demodulation mode is not successfully demodulated, judging whether the AIS signal has characteristic information or not; if yes, a double-time slot demodulation module is called to demodulate.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a processing apparatus for a satellite based AIS signal, where the apparatus includes: the pseudo code generator and the processing module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the pseudo code generator is used for generating a pseudo code signal and generating a signal subjected to noise addition according to a noise coefficient configured in a current receiving scene and the pseudo code signal;
the processing module is used for acquiring one or more AIS signals and preprocessing the one or more AIS signals to obtain preprocessed AIS signals; and additively synthesizing the noise-added signal and the preprocessed AIS signal to obtain a synthesized signal, and capturing the AIS signal based on a preset condition and the synthesized signal to obtain a captured AIS signal, wherein the sampling rate of the pseudo code signal is equal to the preset sampling rate.
Optionally, if the current receiving scene is an offshore scene, configuring a first noise coefficient based on the offshore scene, and generating a first noise-added signal based on the first noise coefficient and the pseudo code signal; if the current receiving scene is a far-sea scene, configuring a second noise coefficient based on the far-sea scene, and generating a second noise-added signal based on the second noise coefficient and the pseudo code signal; wherein the first noise figure is different from the second noise figure.
Optionally, the method further comprises: a decoding module; the decoding module demodulates the message data in the cached AIS signal and judges whether a cache pointer corresponding to the current message data to be demodulated is equal to a demodulation pointer of the current message data; if not, adopting a single time slot demodulation mode to demodulate the current message data to be demodulated; if the single-time slot demodulation mode is not successfully demodulated, judging whether the AIS signal has characteristic information or not; if so, calling a double-time slot demodulation module to demodulate.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. in the scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, different noise coefficients are configured in different scenes, so that different capture thresholds or capture sensitivities are set in different scenes, and further the performance and efficiency of capture are improved;
2. the scheme provided by the embodiment of the application adopts a 'single-first-second-double' demodulation strategy, so that the demodulation of short-time-slot and single-time-slot messages is ensured, the demodulation of double-time-slot messages can be avoided, and the on-orbit performance is optimized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a processing method for satellite-based AIS signals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a process of demodulating an acquired AIS signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic process diagram of another processing method for satellite-based AIS signals according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a processing apparatus for satellite based AIS signals according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an acquisition process of a processing apparatus for satellite-based AIS signals according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The method for processing the satellite-based AIS signal according to the embodiments of the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings of the specification, and the specific implementation manner of the method may include the following steps (the method flow is shown in fig. 1):
step 101, acquiring one or more AIS signals, and preprocessing the one or more AIS signals to obtain preprocessed AIS signals.
By way of example, in the solution provided in the embodiments of the present application, the satellite-based-oriented AIS signal may be an onboard AIS signal received by a satellite-based AIS signal reconnaissance system. The same channel satellite may receive one or more on-board AIS signals at the same time slot. The satellite-borne AIS signal reconnaissance system receives one or more shipborne AIS signals and then preprocesses the one or more AIS signals to obtain preprocessed AIS signals. As another example, the satellite-borne AIS signal reconnaissance system samples the one or more AIS signals based on a preset sampling rate to obtain sampled AIS signals; and filtering the sampled AIS signal to obtain a filtered AIS signal. For example, the on-board AIS signal reconnaissance system may sample one or more on-board AIS signals at a preset sampling rate, e.g., 4 times the sampling rate or 8 times the sampling rate, etc.
Further, as AIS signal acquisition and demodulation are key links in the AIS signal processing process, it is necessary to optimize acquisition and demodulation in order to improve AIS signal processing efficiency. By way of example, in the solution provided in the embodiments of the present application, acquisition and demodulation of the AIS signal are optimized by adjusting acquisition sensitivity in different scenarios.
102, generating a pseudo code signal, generating a denoised signal according to a noise coefficient configured in a current receiving scene and the pseudo code signal, and additively synthesizing the denoised signal and the preprocessed AIS signal to obtain a synthesized signal, wherein the sampling rate of the pseudo code signal is equal to the preset sampling rate.
As another example, a noise-added signal is generated by the pseudo code signal and the configured noise coefficient, the noise-added signal is used as the capturing superimposed noise, and the AIS signal is captured by additively coupling the noise-added signal with the AIS signal to obtain a composite signal. Different noise coefficients are set for different scenes, so that the capturing superposed noise generated under different scenes has different noise background power, the capturing sensitivity under different scenes is different, and the low-power AIS signal capturing is inhibited. When signal collision occurs, the specific situation is that in the same time slot, at different times, a signal with lower energy and a signal with higher energy arrive in sequence, and by using the module, a high-power signal can be captured with higher probability, so that the occupation of demodulation processing resources caused by entering a demodulation processing flow after the low-power signal is captured is reduced.
As another example, if the current receiving scenario is an offshore scenario, a first noise coefficient is configured based on the offshore scenario, and a first noise-added signal is generated based on the first noise coefficient generation and the pseudo code signal; if the current receiving scene is a far-sea scene, configuring a second noise coefficient based on the far-sea scene, and generating a second noise-added signal based on the second noise coefficient and the pseudo code signal; wherein the first noise figure is different from the second noise figure. For example, an offshore scenario may be configured with a noise figure that is greater than a noise figure configured for an open sea scenario.
Further, in order to make the noised signal additively synthesized with the preprocessed AIS signal to obtain a synthesized signal, the pseudo code signal needs to have the same sampling rate as that of the preprocessed AIS signal. Since the AIS signal is sampled based on the preset sampling rate, the sampling rate of the pseudo code signal is equal to the preset sampling rate. For example, the AIS signal sampling rate is 4 times the sampling rate, and the pseudo-code signal sampling rate is also 4 times the sampling rate.
By way of another example, the pseudo code signal generated in the present application includes two pseudo codes, where each pseudo code consists of 0 and 1. After the two paths of pseudo codes are obtained, the two paths of pseudo codes are added to obtain a single-bit pseudo code signal, then a signal subjected to noise addition is obtained based on the pseudo code signal and a configured noise coefficient, and the signal subjected to noise addition and the preprocessed AIS signal are subjected to additive synthesis to obtain a synthesized signal.
And 103, acquiring the acquired AIS signal by AIS signal acquisition based on the preset condition and the synthesized signal.
Further, after additively combining the noise-added signal with the preprocessed AIS signal, AIS signal capture is performed based on the combined signal. As an example, the preset condition is a preset energy value range; calculating the energy value of the synthesized signal, and screening out a first synthesized signal with the energy value out of a preset energy value range; and determining a first AIS signal corresponding to the first synthesized signal, and taking the first AIS signal as the captured AIS signal. For example, the preset energy value range is (a, -a), wherein a is a positive number; and according to the calculated energy value of the synthesized signal, determining the signal corresponding to the maximum capability value exceeding the positive boundary A and/or determining the signal corresponding to the minimum capability value exceeding the negative boundary-A, and capturing the A signals to obtain the captured AIS signal.
Further, after the AIS signal is captured, the captured AIS signal needs to be demodulated. For example, after the AIS signal is successfully captured, the captured AIS signal is buffered, and the buffered AIS signal is demodulated to obtain demodulated data.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic flowchart of demodulating the acquired AIS signal according to an embodiment of the present application.
For another example, referring to fig. 2, when message data in the cached AIS signal is demodulated, it is first determined whether a cache pointer corresponding to the current message data to be demodulated is equal to a demodulation pointer of the current message data; if not, indicating that the message which is not demodulated still exists, and demodulating the current message data to be demodulated by adopting a single-time-slot demodulation mode; if the single-time slot demodulation is successful, accumulating the message data demodulation pointers and exiting the current operation. If the single-time slot demodulation mode is not successfully demodulated, judging whether the AIS signal has the characteristic information or not, calling a double-time slot demodulation module to demodulate, and if not, directly quitting the demodulation. After the demodulation is finished, the message data demodulation pointers are accumulated, and the current operation is quitted. For example, the feature information refers to normal features, such as the AIS signal having a header, a trailer, and a data area.
For example, the AIS signal demodulation process is completed by the FPGA and the DSP software together, the FPGA is responsible for completing capturing of a training sequence in the signal, and after successful capturing, the oversampled data after the training sequence is sent to the DSP in the FIFO manner to complete subsequent processes of downsampling, data demodulation and the like. The AIS signal comprises a single-time slot message and a double-time slot message. And the DSP reads data to be demodulated from the FPGA in a FIFO mode, wherein the length of the single-time-slot FIFO is 1024, and the length of the double-time-slot FIFO is 2048. After the double-time-slot FIFO data is read, the message data buffer pointers are accumulated (the buffer can buffer 10 packets of message data, a cyclic buffer mode is adopted, the buffer pointers automatically return to 0 after 10 packets of message data are stored, each packet of message data comprises one packet of single-time-slot FIFO data and one packet of double-time-slot FIFO data, according to the design of FPGA, the double-time-slot FIFO data write-in FIFO must write the data later than the single-time-slot FIFO data into the FIFO, so when the double-time-slot FIFO data is read, the single-time-slot data is stored in the group of data buffer); the message data buffer pointer is corresponding to a message data demodulation pointer which is automatically accumulated before the end of each demodulation scheduling module, and automatically returns to 0 when the accumulation is equal to 10.
The scheme provided by the embodiment of the application adopts a 'single-first-second-double' demodulation strategy, so that the demodulation of short-time-slot and single-time-slot messages is ensured, the demodulation of double-time-slot messages can be avoided, and the on-orbit performance is optimized.
For ease of understanding, the processing procedure of the above mentioned processing method for satellite-based AIS signals is briefly described below by way of example.
Fig. 3 shows a process schematic diagram of another processing method for satellite-based AIS signals according to an embodiment of the present application.
By way of example, as shown in FIG. 3, acquisition is initiated, and an AIS signal is received; and then configuring the capture sensitivity, for example, generating different noise-added signals for different scenes by adjusting the noise coefficient, so that the capture superposition noise background power generated in different scenes is different, thereby implementing the configuration of different capture sensitivities in different scenes. Then, capturing the received AIS signals based on different capturing sensitivities, and judging whether the capturing is successful or not; and if the acquisition is successful, demodulating the AIS signal which is successfully acquired, and finishing AIS signal processing. And if the acquisition fails, acquiring the AIS signal again.
In the scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, different noise coefficients are configured in different scenes, so that different capture thresholds or capture sensitivities are set in different scenes, and further the performance and efficiency of capture are improved.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a processing apparatus for satellite based AIS signals according to an embodiment of the present application, where the apparatus has a working flow as shown in fig. 1, and the apparatus includes: a pseudo code generator 401 and a processing module 402; the pseudo code generator 401 generates a pseudo code signal, and generates a signal subjected to noise addition according to a noise coefficient configured in a current receiving scene and the pseudo code signal; a processing module 402, configured to obtain one or more AIS signals, and pre-process the one or more AIS signals to obtain pre-processed AIS signals; and performing additive synthesis on the pseudo code signal and the preprocessed AIS signal to obtain a synthesized signal, and performing AIS signal capture on the basis of a preset condition and the synthesized signal to obtain a captured AIS signal, wherein the sampling rate of the pseudo code signal is equal to the preset sampling rate.
For example, the pseudo code generator 401 includes two shift registers, each shift register generates one pseudo code number, and the pseudo code generator 401 outputs a pseudo code signal (composed of 0 and 1) obtained by adding two pseudo codes; in addition, the sampling rate of the pseudo code signal generated by the pseudo code generator 401 is the same as the AIS signal sampling rate. It should be understood that the apparatus shown in fig. 4 may be located in the above on-board AIS signal reconnaissance system.
In one possible implementation manner, if the current receiving scene is an offshore scene, configuring a first noise coefficient based on the offshore scene, and generating a first denoised signal based on the first noise coefficient generation and the pseudo code signal; if the current receiving scene is a far-sea scene, configuring a second noise coefficient based on the far-sea scene, and generating a second noise-added signal based on the second noise coefficient and the pseudo code signal; wherein the first noise figure is different from the second noise figure.
In one possible implementation, the apparatus further includes: a decoding module 403; the decoding module 403 demodulates the message data in the cached AIS signal, and determines whether a cache pointer corresponding to the current message data to be demodulated is equal to a demodulation pointer of the current message data; if not, adopting a single time slot demodulation mode to demodulate the current message data to be demodulated; if the single-time slot demodulation mode is not successfully demodulated, judging whether the AIS signal has characteristic information or not; if yes, the double time slot demodulation module is called to demodulate
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an acquisition process of a processing apparatus for a satellite-based AIS signal according to an embodiment of the present application. In fig. 5, one or more AIS signals are received, and the received AIS signals are subjected to ADC sampling and filtering to obtain preprocessed signals. In addition, pseudo code signals are generated according to two paths of shift registers in the pseudo code generator 401; generating a signal subjected to noise addition based on the pseudo code signal and the configured noise coefficient, performing additive synthesis on the signal subjected to noise addition and the signal subjected to filtering to obtain a synthesized signal, and performing AIS signal capture based on the synthesized signal to obtain a captured AIS signal.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method for a satellite-based AIS signal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring one or more AIS signals, and preprocessing the one or more AIS signals to obtain preprocessed AIS signals;
generating a pseudo code signal, generating a signal subjected to noise addition according to a noise coefficient configured in a current receiving scene and the pseudo code signal, and performing additive synthesis on the signal subjected to noise addition and the preprocessed AIS signal to obtain a synthesized signal, wherein the sampling rate of the pseudo code signal is equal to the preset sampling rate;
and performing AIS signal capture based on preset conditions and the synthesized signal to obtain a captured AIS signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein pre-processing the one or more AIS signals to obtain a pre-processed AIS signal comprises:
sampling the one or more AIS signals based on a preset sampling rate to obtain sampled AIS signals;
and filtering the sampled AIS signal to obtain a filtered AIS signal.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein generating a noisy signal based on a noise figure of a current receive scene configuration and the pseudo code signal, comprises:
if the current receiving scene is an offshore scene, configuring a first noise coefficient based on the offshore scene, and generating a first noise-added signal based on the first noise coefficient and the pseudo code signal;
if the current receiving scene is a far-sea scene, configuring a second noise coefficient based on the far-sea scene, and generating a second noise-added signal based on the second noise coefficient and the pseudo code signal; wherein the first noise figure is different from the second noise figure.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein generating a pseudo-code signal comprises:
generating two paths of pseudo codes based on two paths of shift registers;
and adding the two pseudo codes to obtain the pseudo code signal.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the predetermined condition is a predetermined energy value range;
performing AIS signal capture based on a preset condition and the synthesized signal to obtain a captured AIS signal, comprising: calculating the energy value of the synthesized signal, and screening out a first synthesized signal with the energy value outside the preset energy value range; and determining a first AIS signal corresponding to the first synthesized signal, and taking the first AIS signal as the captured AIS signal.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:
and caching the captured AIS signals and demodulating the cached AIS signals to obtain demodulated data.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein buffering the captured AIS signals and data demodulating the buffered AIS signals to obtain demodulated data comprises:
demodulating the message data in the cached AIS signal, and judging whether a cache pointer corresponding to the current message data to be demodulated is equal to a demodulation pointer of the current message data;
if not, adopting a single time slot demodulation mode to demodulate the current message data to be demodulated;
if the single-time slot demodulation mode is not successfully demodulated, judging whether the AIS signal has characteristic information or not;
if yes, a double-time slot demodulation module is called to demodulate.
8. A processing apparatus for satellite based AIS signals, comprising: the pseudo code generator comprises a pseudo code generator and a processing module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the pseudo code generator is used for generating a pseudo code signal and generating a signal subjected to noise addition according to a noise coefficient configured in a current receiving scene and the pseudo code signal;
the processing module is used for acquiring one or more AIS signals and preprocessing the one or more AIS signals to obtain preprocessed AIS signals; and additively synthesizing the noise-added signal and the preprocessed AIS signal to obtain a synthesized signal, and capturing the AIS signal based on a preset condition and the synthesized signal to obtain a captured AIS signal, wherein the sampling rate of the pseudo code signal is equal to the preset sampling rate.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein,
if the current receiving scene is an offshore scene, configuring a first noise coefficient based on the offshore scene, and generating a first noise-added signal based on the first noise coefficient and the pseudo code signal;
if the current receiving scene is a far-sea scene, configuring a second noise coefficient based on the far-sea scene, and generating a second noise-added signal based on the second noise coefficient and the pseudo code signal; wherein the first noise figure is different from the second noise figure.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising: a decoding module; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the decoding module demodulates the message data in the cached AIS signal and judges whether a cache pointer corresponding to the current message data to be demodulated is equal to a demodulation pointer of the current message data;
if not, adopting a single time slot demodulation mode to demodulate the current message data to be demodulated;
if the single-time slot demodulation mode is not successfully demodulated, judging whether the AIS signal has characteristic information or not;
if so, calling a double-time slot demodulation module to demodulate.
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