CN115411512A - Planar passive two-dimensional wide-angle Van Atta reverse array antenna - Google Patents
Planar passive two-dimensional wide-angle Van Atta reverse array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planar passive two-dimensional wide-angle Van Atta reverse array antenna, relates to the technical field of radar detection antennas, and particularly relates to a planar radar reflection sectional area enhanced array antenna designed based on the Van Atta principle. The two-dimensional 8 multiplied by 8Van Atta passive inverted array provided by the invention realizes the planar design of the phase conjugate network by adding the air layer with lower height between the phase conjugate network and the antenna array and using two layers of microstrip lines, and the introduction of the air layer not only reduces the laminating times of the PCB, but also has the function of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna. Different types of transmission line length compensation networks are designed in a limited space to compensate for the length difference between different transmission lines. In addition, by introducing the cross-layer structure for many times, 32 equal-length microstrip transmission lines are arranged in a staggered manner in an upper plane and a lower plane, the aperture area below the antenna array is fully utilized, the volume and the section of the large-scale inverse array are effectively reduced, and the planar design of the large-scale Van Atta inverse array is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar detection antennas, in particular to a planar radar reflection sectional area enhanced array antenna designed based on a Van Atta principle.
Background
With the continuous development of the technical field of radar, electronic countermeasure can play an important role in modern war, and how to interfere enemy radar to identify military targets of our party has important significance in actual war. The detection of enemy radar can be effectively avoided by reducing the RCS of military targets, and besides, the bait is used for simulating the RCS of targets such as military aircraft, naval vessels, vehicles and the like to mislead enemy attack, so that the bait is also an effective electronic countermeasure means.
Compared with a metal flat plate with the same size, the passive reverse antenna array designed based on the Van Atta principle can improve the RCS of the antenna array within a wide angle range; compared with a metal corner reflector, the metal corner reflector has the advantages of low profile, small volume and planarization application; the passive structure has the characteristics of easy processing, low cost and high reliability. The passive Van Atta inverse array realizes the automatic tracing of incident electromagnetic waves based on the passive phase conjugation principle, saves a large number of active electronic devices compared with an active inverse array, improves the reliability of a system, greatly reduces the cost and can deal with more complex environments.
At present, research work of passive Van Atta inverse arrays mainly focuses on directions of multi-polarization, wide angle, wide frequency band and the like, and aiming at different RCS requirements in different scenes, a larger RCS means a larger array scale and a more complex phase conjugate network, and particularly under an application scene with a planarization requirement, the design difficulty and complexity of the larger passive Van Atta inverse array are increased sharply. At present, coaxial lines are mostly adopted as phase conjugate networks in larger-scale two-dimensional Van Atta inverse arrays, but with the increase of frequency, the phase conjugate networks formed by the coaxial lines have the disadvantages of three-dimensional structure, higher cost, larger instability and the like. Therefore, it is an urgent task to implement the planar design of large scale passive two-dimensional Van Atta inverse array.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design an 8 multiplied by 8 planarization two-dimensional inverse array based on a Van Atta principle, realize the planarization design of a large-scale two-dimensional Van Atta inverse array and enhance the backward RCS of an antenna array in a two-dimensional plane. Compared with a metal floor with the same size, the invention can enhance backward RCS of electromagnetic waves in the case of non-normal incidence in a wider frequency band. The planar design of the large-scale two-dimensional Van Atta inverse array is realized by adopting the planar microwave transmission line and the planar antenna array, completing the design and layout of a plurality of equal-length transmission lines in a limited size and combining the PCB multilayer processing technology, and the planar design has the advantages of low cost, planar design and high reliability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a planar passive two-dimensional wide-angle Van Atta inverted array antenna, the antenna comprising: the antenna array layer and the plane conjugate network layer are separated by an air gap; the antenna array layer comprises a substrate and antenna patches arranged on the substrate, the planar phase conjugate network consists of M microwave transmission lines and is divided into a feed section, a transmission section, a cross-layer section and a length compensation section, the feed section is arranged right below the antenna units, the number of the feed sections is the same as that of the antenna units, the number of the feed sections is 2M, U-shaped gaps are arranged on metal floors on the upper layer of the feed section, and feed extension lines are arranged on the feed sections in the direction orthogonal to the gaps; the transmission section is connected with the feed section, the transmission section comprises long-distance parallel wiring and a plurality of 90-degree bent wiring structures, and the M transmission sections are provided with M input ends and M output ends, have 2M connecting positions and are respectively connected with the 2M feed sections; the cross-layer section is a cross-layer structure (6) which is used for connecting an upper transmission line and a lower transmission line and realizing the mutual conversion of the upper transmission line and the lower transmission line; because the distances between the antenna pairs which are centrosymmetric at different positions are not completely equal, the lengths of all the transmission lines are unequal, in order to meet the requirement of broadband work of the phase conjugate network, the lengths of all the transmission lines need to be compensated, 4 groups of length compensation networks with different forms are designed aiming at the layout structure of 4 groups of phase conjugate networks, and each group of length compensation networks is accessed into a transmission section;
in order to ensure that the upper microstrip line (5) and the lower microstrip line (4) have the same phase constant and reduce the design complexity and the processing difficulty, an air layer with the height of H is introduced between the antenna array and the phase conjugate network, and the introduction of the air layer can not only meet the requirement of the double-layer microstrip line on the same phase constant, but also increase the bandwidth of the antenna and the working bandwidth of the inverse array;
according to the design principle of a Van Atta reverse array, two antenna units positioned at the central symmetrical position are connected by a transmission line, an antenna array is artificially grouped, the antennas are divided into 8 groups along the y-axis direction, and a first group of antennas to an eighth group of antennas are sequentially arranged from left to right; according to the antenna grouping, a first group of antennas (7) is connected with an eighth group of antennas (14), a second group of antennas (8) is connected with a seventh group of antennas (13), a third group of antennas (9) is connected with a sixth group of antennas (12), and a fourth group of antennas (10) is connected with a fifth group of antennas (11); the 8 groups of antennas all need 4 groups of transmission line networks, and the 4 groups of transmission line networks jointly form a phase conjugate network of a Van Atta inverse array, which can be divided into an upper phase conjugate network (15) and a lower phase conjugate network (16);
in a first group of transmission line networks (17), a first group of antennas realizes energy transfer through a U-shaped gap and a lower layer feed section (18), 8 transmission lines of the group are subjected to 90-degree corner once and then are wired to the edge of a plate along the x direction, the 8 transmission lines are subjected to 90-degree corner for the second time and then are converted into upper layer transmission lines through a cross-layer structure (19) to be continuously wired to the vicinity of the edge of the plate along the y direction, cross-layer conversion (20) is carried out again, the lower layer transmission lines are connected with a first group of length compensation networks (21) below an eighth group of antennas along the-x direction, and finally are connected with a feed section below the eighth group of antennas, so that the design of a first group of phase conjugate networks is completed, and the connection of the first group of antennas and the eighth group of antennas is realized;
the design mode of a second group of phase conjugate networks (22) is completely opposite to that of the first group of phase conjugate networks in space, a feed section below a second group of antennas extends for a short distance and then is converted into an upper-layer transmission line through a cross-layer structure (23), then the feed section is wired along the-y direction, the feed section is tightly attached to the edge of a plate after two 90-degree corners and is wired to a second cross-layer conversion structure (24) along the y direction, after the second time of cross-layer, the second group of phase conjugate networks are wired below a seventh group of antennas and are connected with a feed section below the seventh group of antennas after being connected with a length compensation network, and the length compensation network in the second group of phase conjugate networks is divided into two parts which are respectively arranged in a circuit below the second group of antennas (25) and a circuit below the seventh group of antennas (26) due to size limitation and blocking of the first group of phase conjugate networks;
the third group of antennas and the sixth group of antennas are close in space distance, the length of transmission lines required for connecting the two groups of antennas is short, so that the length compensation network of the third group of transmission line network (27) needs to have larger compensation capacity, a feed section below the third group of antennas is bent for 90 degrees and then transmitted to the edge of a dielectric plate along the x direction to be bent for 90 degrees for the second time, the feed section is wired to the lower part of the sixth group of antennas along the y direction, then a cross-layer structure (28) converts a lower-layer transmission line into an upper-layer transmission line, the upper-layer transmission line is connected into the length compensation network (29) after passing through the cross-layer structure, the upper-layer transmission line is cross-layer again after the length compensation is completed, and the upper-layer transmission line is converted into the lower-layer transmission line and is connected with the feed section below the sixth group of antennas.
The fourth group of transmission line network (30) connects the fourth group of antennas with the fifth group of antennas, the two groups of antennas are closest in space and have the largest length to be compensated, the feed section below the fourth group of antennas extends outwards for a short distance and then is bent in a U shape, then the lower transmission line is converted into the upper transmission line in a cross-layer mode, the front three groups of phase conjugate networks do not occupy the center of the upper dielectric plate, enough space is reserved for the length compensation network (31) with larger size of the fourth group of phase conjugate networks, after the length compensation is completed, the second cross-layer mode is carried out, the upper transmission line is converted into the lower transmission line, after the conversion, the fourth group of phase conjugate networks are arranged to the middle part below the second group of antennas and the third group of antennas, the fourth group of phase conjugate networks are arranged along the x direction and are arranged below the sixth group of antennas after two 90-degree rotation angles, and are connected with the feed section below the sixth group of antennas.
The two-dimensional 8 multiplied by 8Van Atta passive inverted array provided by the invention realizes the planar design of the phase conjugate network by adding the air layer with lower height between the phase conjugate network and the antenna array and using two layers of microstrip lines, and the introduction of the air layer not only reduces the PCB lamination times, but also has the function of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna. Different types of transmission line length compensation networks are designed in a limited space to compensate for the length difference between different transmission lines. In addition, by introducing the cross-layer structure for many times, 32 equal-length microstrip transmission lines are arranged in a staggered manner in an upper plane and a lower plane, the aperture area below the antenna array is fully utilized, the volume and the section of the large-scale inverse array are effectively reduced, and the planar design of the large-scale Van Atta inverse array is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simulation model diagram of a planar passive two-dimensional Van Atta inverse matrix applied to backward RCS enhancement according to the present invention, with a spatial rectangular coordinate system for subsequent description;
fig. 2 is a cross-layer conversion structure of an upper microstrip line and a lower microstrip line, and the height of an air layer is H;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layering and 8 × 8 antenna array grouping of the planar passive two-dimensional Van Atta inverse array applied to backward RCS enhancement according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a wiring diagram of a first set of transmission line networks;
FIG. 5 is a wiring structure diagram of a second group of transmission line networks;
FIG. 6 is a wiring structure diagram of a third group of transmission line networks;
fig. 7 is a wiring structure diagram of a fourth group of transmission line networks.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings
As shown in fig. 1, the planar passive two-dimensional Van Atta inverse array applied to backward RCS enhancement includes an 8 × 8 planar antenna array 1, an air gap layer 2, an upper phase conjugate network and a lower phase conjugate network. The 8 x 8 planar antenna array is composed of 64 rectangular patch antennas which are distributed in two-dimensional equal intervals. The air gap layer 2 is an air layer with a thickness of 1.8mm, which is located between the antenna array and the phase conjugate network. The phase conjugation network is a 4-layer laminated circuit board, the 1 st layer is an upper-layer phase conjugation network, the second layer and the third layer are metal floors of microstrip transmission lines, U-shaped gaps are etched in the second layer and the third layer simultaneously and used for feeding the antenna, and the 4 th layer is a lower-layer phase conjugation network.
As shown in fig. 2, the thickness of the air layer is 1.8mm, which avoids the direct contact between the dielectric plate on which the antenna array is located above and the dielectric plate on which the phase conjugate network is located below, reduces the pressing times of the multilayer circuit board, and reduces the processing difficulty and cost. After the air layer is introduced, the upper microstrip line and the lower microstrip line in the phase conjugate network 3 have the same phase constant, and when the total length of the transmission line is matched, the phase error caused by chromatic dispersion does not need to be considered.
As shown in fig. 3, the 8 × 8 phase conjugate network 3 includes 4 sets of transmission line networks, 64 feeding structures in total, 32 transmission lines, 64 cross-layer structures, and 320 90 ° cutting angles. The lower microstrip line feeds the patch antenna in a slot coupling mode, and shielding metal columns are placed around the double-layer U-shaped slot to eliminate the influence caused by the double-layer slot. In each transmission line there is a length compensation network for adjusting the total length of the transmission line, and finally 32 transmission lines have the same length. Each transmission line has two cross-layer structures with 10 cutting angles of 90 degrees, and the structures can introduce extra phase difference to ensure that the structures in each transmission line are the same in number to ensure equal-phase transmission. The specific structure of these 4 sets of transmission line networks is detailed in fig. 4 to 7, respectively.
The transmission line connects the two antenna units in the central symmetry position, and for electromagnetic waves incident in any direction, the antenna array can realize the conjugation of the phase gradient of the incident waves through the phase conjugation network after receiving the incident waves, thereby realizing the re-radiation in the incident direction.
Claims (1)
1. A planar passive two-dimensional wide-angle Van Atta inverted-array antenna, comprising: the antenna array layer and the plane conjugate network layer are separated by an air gap; the antenna array layer comprises a substrate and antenna patches arranged on the substrate, the plane phase conjugate network consists of M microwave transmission lines and is divided into a feed section, a transmission section, a cross-layer section and a length compensation section, the feed section is designed under the antenna units, the number of the feed section is the same as that of the antenna units, the number of the feed section is 2M, U-shaped gaps are arranged on metal floors on the upper layer of the feed section, and a feed extension line is arranged on the feed section in the direction orthogonal to the gaps; the transmission section is connected with the feed section, the transmission section comprises long-distance parallel wiring and a plurality of 90-degree bent wiring structures, and the M transmission sections are provided with M input ends and M output ends, have 2M connecting positions and are respectively connected with the 2M feed sections; the cross-layer section is a cross-layer structure (6) which is used for connecting an upper transmission line and a lower transmission line and realizing the mutual conversion of the upper transmission line and the lower transmission line; because the distances between the antenna pairs which are centrosymmetric at different positions are not completely equal, the lengths of all the transmission lines are unequal, in order to meet the requirement of broadband work of the phase conjugate network, the lengths of all the transmission lines need to be compensated, 4 groups of length compensation networks with different forms are designed aiming at the layout structure of 4 groups of phase conjugate networks, and each group of length compensation networks is accessed into a transmission section;
in order to ensure that the upper microstrip line (5) and the lower microstrip line (4) have the same phase constant and reduce the design complexity and the processing difficulty, an air layer with the height of H is introduced between the antenna array and the phase conjugate network, and the introduction of the air layer not only can meet the requirement of the double-layer microstrip line on the same phase constant, but also can increase the bandwidth of the antenna and the working bandwidth of the inverse array;
according to the design principle of a Van Atta reverse array, two antenna units positioned at the central symmetrical position are connected by a transmission line, an antenna array is artificially grouped, the antennas are divided into 8 groups along the y-axis direction, and a first group of antennas to an eighth group of antennas are sequentially arranged from left to right; according to the antenna grouping, a first group of antennas (7) is connected with an eighth group of antennas (14), a second group of antennas (8) is connected with a seventh group of antennas (13), a third group of antennas (9) is connected with a sixth group of antennas (12), and a fourth group of antennas (10) is connected with a fifth group of antennas (11); the 8 groups of antennas need 4 groups of transmission line networks, and the 4 groups of transmission line networks jointly form a phase conjugate network of a Van Atta reverse array, which can be divided into an upper phase conjugate network (15) and a lower phase conjugate network (16);
in a first group of transmission line networks (17), a first group of antennas realize energy transfer through a U-shaped gap and a lower layer feed section (18), 8 transmission lines of the group are wired to the edge of a plate along the x direction after passing through a 90-degree corner for the first time, are converted into upper layer transmission lines through a cross-layer structure (19) after passing through the 90-degree corner for the second time, are continuously wired to the vicinity of the edge of the plate along the y direction, are subjected to cross-layer conversion (20) again, are connected with a first group of length compensation networks (21) below a lower layer transmission line along the-x direction to an eighth group of antennas, and are finally connected with a feed section below the eighth group of antennas, so that the design of a first group of phase conjugate networks is completed, and the connection of the first group of antennas and the eighth group of antennas is realized;
the design mode of a second group of phase conjugate networks (22) is completely opposite to that of the first group of phase conjugate networks in space, a feed section below a second group of antennas extends for a short distance, then is converted into an upper-layer transmission line through a cross-layer structure converter (23), then is wired along the-y direction, is tightly attached to the edge of a plate after twice 90-degree corners, and is wired to a second cross-layer conversion structure (24) along the y direction, after the second cross-layer, the second group of phase conjugate networks are wired below a seventh group of antennas and are connected with a length compensation network and then are connected to the feed section below the seventh group of antennas, and due to size limitation and the blockage of the first group of phase conjugate networks, the length compensation network in the second group of phase conjugate networks is divided into two parts which are respectively arranged in circuits below (25) the second group of antennas and below (26) the seventh group of antennas;
the third group of antennas and the sixth group of antennas are close in space distance, the length of a transmission line required for connecting the two groups of antennas is short, so that a length compensation network of a third group of transmission line network (27) needs to have larger compensation capacity, a feed section below the third group of antennas is bent for 90 degrees and then transmitted to the edge of a dielectric plate along the x direction to be bent for 90 degrees for the second time, the feed section below the third group of antennas is wired to the lower part of the sixth group of antennas along the y direction, then a cross-layer structure (28) converts a lower-layer transmission line into an upper-layer transmission line, the lower-layer transmission line is connected into the length compensation network (29) after passing through the cross-layer structure, the upper-layer transmission line is crossed again after the length compensation is completed, the upper-layer transmission line is converted into the lower-layer transmission line and is connected with the feed section below the sixth group of antennas.
The fourth group of transmission line network (30) connects the fourth group of antennas with the fifth group of antennas, the two groups of antennas are closest in space and have the largest length to be compensated, the feed section below the fourth group of antennas extends outwards for a short distance and then is bent in a U shape, then the lower transmission line is converted into the upper transmission line in a cross-layer mode, the front three groups of phase conjugate networks do not occupy the center of the upper dielectric plate, enough space is reserved for the length compensation network (31) with larger size of the fourth group of phase conjugate networks, after the length compensation is completed, the second cross-layer mode is carried out, the upper transmission line is converted into the lower transmission line, after the conversion, the fourth group of phase conjugate networks are arranged to the middle part below the second group of antennas and the third group of antennas, the fourth group of phase conjugate networks are arranged along the x direction and are arranged below the sixth group of antennas after two 90-degree rotation angles, and are connected with the feed section below the sixth group of antennas.
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2022
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