CN115411504A - Antenna, communication device, and electromagnetic wave radiation method - Google Patents

Antenna, communication device, and electromagnetic wave radiation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115411504A
CN115411504A CN202110593710.XA CN202110593710A CN115411504A CN 115411504 A CN115411504 A CN 115411504A CN 202110593710 A CN202110593710 A CN 202110593710A CN 115411504 A CN115411504 A CN 115411504A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rod
feeding
antenna
feed
shaft
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Pending
Application number
CN202110593710.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
耿军平
张静
邵金进
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to CN202110593710.XA priority Critical patent/CN115411504A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/076036 priority patent/WO2022247349A1/en
Publication of CN115411504A publication Critical patent/CN115411504A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/28—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/04—Multimode antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters

Abstract

The application discloses an antenna, communication equipment and an electromagnetic wave radiation method, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The antenna comprises a radiating structure (7) and a feeding structure (9); the feeding structure (9) is used for feeding electricity to the radiation structure (7) so that the shaft part (71) and the rod part (72) alternately radiate electromagnetic waves. Wherein the radiating structure (7) comprises: the radiating structure comprises a shaft part (71) and a plurality of rod parts (72), wherein the shaft part (71) is connected with the rod parts (72), the rod parts (72) are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the shaft part (71), and the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of the radiating structure (7) is larger than that of a free space; the shaft portion (71) is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft portion (71), and the rod portion (72) is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod portion (72). The antenna provided by the application can radiate electromagnetic waves to different planes, so that the functions of the antenna are enriched.

Description

Antenna, communication device, and electromagnetic wave radiation method
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna, a communications device, and an electromagnetic wave radiation method.
Background
With the development of communication technology, various communication devices, such as wireless routers, optical Network Terminals (ONTs), and the like, appear in life. These communication devices have antennas and can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the antennas to perform communication.
Antennas in communication devices typically include: a feed structure and a metal wire (e.g. a copper wire). Wherein the feed structure is connected with the metal wire and used for feeding electricity to the metal wire. The middle area of the metal wire is spiral, when the feeding structure feeds power to the metal wire, the phases of the current at the upper part and the lower part of the two sides of the middle area of the metal wire are consistent, so that the two parts can radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane vertical to the metal wire.
However, the current antenna has a single function.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an antenna, communication equipment and an electromagnetic wave radiation method, which can solve the problem that the function of the existing antenna is single, and the technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, there is provided an antenna comprising a radiating structure and a feed structure; wherein the radiating structure comprises: the feed structure is used for feeding electricity to the radiation structure so that the shaft part and the rod part alternately radiate electromagnetic waves. The shaft part is connected with the rod part, and the connection position of the shaft part and the rod part is positioned in the middle area of the rod part; the plurality of rod parts are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the shaft part, the plurality of rod parts are a plurality of groups of rod parts which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the shaft part, and the arrangement modes of the different groups of rod parts in the length direction of the shaft part are the same; the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of the radiation structure is larger than that of the free space; the shaft portion and the rod portion are both conductors; the shaft part is used for radiating electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft part, and the rod part is used for radiating electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod part.
As can be seen from the above, the antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application has two operation modes, namely, a first operation mode in which the shaft portion radiates electromagnetic waves and a second operation mode in which the rod portion radiates electromagnetic waves. And the antenna can radiate electromagnetic waves to different planes in the two working modes, and the antenna can alternate between the two working modes so as to radiate the electromagnetic waves to the two planes alternately.
In a first operating mode of the antenna, when the feeding structure feeds power to the radiating structure, the current direction on the shaft portion is parallel to the length direction of the shaft portion, and the current directions on two portions of the rod portion located on two sides of the connection with the shaft portion are opposite and are both parallel to the rod portion. At this time, the shaft portion may be regarded as a plurality of radiation units sequentially arranged in a length direction of the shaft portion, and phases of currents on the radiation units are the same, so that the shaft portion may radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft portion. In addition, the directions of the currents in the two parts of the rod part are opposite to each other, and the currents may cancel each other (for example, completely cancel each other), so that the influence of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the shaft part by the rod part is small.
In a second mode of operation of the antenna, when the feed structure feeds the radiating structure, the direction of the current on the rod portion close to the feed structure is parallel to the length direction of the rod portion. The rod part can be regarded as a plurality of radiation units which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the rod part, and the phases of currents on the radiation units are the same, so that the rod part can radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod part.
When the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of a structure is larger than that of a free space, the structure corresponds to a guide, and the electromagnetic wave on the structure can be bound in the structure and propagate along the structure. Since the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of the radiating structure is larger than that of the free space, the electromagnetic wave radiated near the rod portion of the feeding structure can be bound in the radiating structure and propagate toward the rod portion away from the feeding structure. The rod part far away from the feed structure can generate current under the action of electromagnetic waves and radiate the electromagnetic waves to the plane vertical to the rod part. The above steps are repeated until all the rod parts can radiate electromagnetic waves to the plane vertical to the rod parts. And the electromagnetic waves radiated by the plurality of rods can be superposed to improve the gain of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna in a plane perpendicular to the rods.
In the second operation mode of the antenna, the electric potential difference between the connection points of the shaft portion and the respective rod portions is small, and at this time, the current on the shaft portion is small (for example, no current on the shaft portion). Thus, the shaft portion has a small influence on the radiation of electromagnetic waves from the rod portion.
Optionally, the multiple groups of rod parts are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of the shaft part; each group of rod parts comprises m rod parts, when m is larger than 1, the distance between the nth rod part and the (n + 1) th rod part in different groups of rod parts in the length direction of the shaft part is the same, m is larger than or equal to 1, n is larger than or equal to 1, and n +1 is smaller than or equal to m. It can be seen that the different sets of rod portions are arranged in the same manner in the longitudinal direction of the shaft portion, and the plurality of rod portions in the radiation structure are arranged in a certain periodicity in the longitudinal direction of the shaft portion. At this time, the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of the radiation structure can be larger than that of the free space by designing the arrangement parameters of the rod parts. Wherein, the parameters of arranging of pole portion include: the length of the first part and the second part of the rod part, which are positioned at two sides of the joint, the width of the rod part in the length direction, the distance of the plurality of rod parts in the length direction and other parameters.
When m =1, each group of the rod portions includes one rod portion, and since the plurality of groups of the rod portions are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of the shaft portion, the plurality of rod portions in the radiation structure are also arranged at equal intervals in the length direction.
When m > 1, the m rod portions 72 in each group of rod portions 72 may be arranged at equal or unequal intervals in the length direction of the shaft portion 71. Illustratively, when m > 1, the m rod parts are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of the shaft part, and the interval between adjacent rod parts in the m rod parts is equal to the interval between any two adjacent groups of rod parts; or when m is larger than 1, the m rod parts are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of the shaft part, and the interval between the adjacent rod parts in the m rod parts is not equal to the interval between any two adjacent rod parts; or when m is larger than 1, the m rod parts are arranged at unequal intervals in the length direction of the shaft part.
As can be seen from the above, for the plurality of rod portions in the radiating structure, the rod portions may be arranged at equal intervals or may be arranged at unequal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the shaft portion.
Optionally, when m > 1, if the m rod portions are arranged at unequal intervals in the length direction of the shaft portion, a difference between any two distances in the length direction of the shaft portion between adjacent rod portions in the plurality of rod portions is less than or equal to 1/3 of any one distance. Wherein, the distance of the adjacent rod parts in the length direction of the shaft part refers to: the distance of the centers of the adjacent rod parts in the length direction of the shaft part.
Optionally, the distance between adjacent rods in the length direction of the shaft portion is in the range [ λ/100, λ/50], for example, in the range [0.6 mm, 1.2 mm ]. Wherein λ represents an operating wavelength of an electromagnetic wave radiated from the rod portion. The operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the rod portion is equal to the product of the inverse of the operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the rod portion, which may be the center frequency of the frequency band of the electromagnetic wave, and the speed of light. Illustratively, the frequency band of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the rod portion may be 5.1 gigahertz (GHz) to 6.5GHz.
The frequency band of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the shaft portion 71 may be the same as or different from the frequency band of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the rod portion 72. For example, the frequency band of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the shaft portion 71 may be 4.5GHz to 6.5GHz.
Optionally, the stem portion comprises: a first portion and a second portion, the first portion and the second portion being located on either side of the junction, the difference in length between the first portion and the second portion being less than or equal to λ/10, for example, the difference in length may be less than or equal to 1 mm. Optionally, the first portion and the second portion are equal in length.
When the length difference between the first part and the second part is less than or equal to lambda/10, the length difference between the first part and the second part is small, and the current on the first part and the current on the second part are mutually offset to a high degree in the first working mode of the antenna, so that the influence of the rod part on the radiation of electromagnetic waves from the shaft part is small.
Optionally, the stem portion comprises: a first portion and a second portion, the first portion and the second portion being located on either side of the junction, the first portion and the second portion each having a length in a range [ λ/8, λ/4], λ representing an operating wavelength of an electromagnetic wave radiated from the rod portion.
Optionally, at least two of the shaft portions have a length that decreases in a direction towards an end of the shaft portion at least one end of the shaft portion. The area of the radiating structure in which either of the at least one end is located may be curved, triangular or trapezoidal. When the lengths of the at least two rod parts at a certain end of the shaft part are reduced along the direction close to the end part of the shaft part, the electromagnetic waves radiated by the plurality of rod parts can be matched with the momentum of the electromagnetic waves in the free space in the area of the end part in the radiation structure, so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the plurality of rod parts can be effectively radiated into the free space from the end part. It can be seen that the antenna provided by the present application is capable of radiating a directional beam having an end-fire characteristic.
Optionally, the radiating structure satisfies at least one of: the shaft portion is perpendicular to the rod portion; and the length of the shaft portion is greater than the length of the rod portion. Of course, the shaft portion may not be perpendicular to the rod portion, and the length of the shaft portion may be less than or equal to the length of the rod portion, which is not limited in the present application.
Optionally, the feeding structure comprises: the first feeding part and the second feeding part are insulated from each other; the first feeding portion is used for coupling feeding to the radiating structure so that the shaft portion radiates electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft portion; the second feeding portion is used for coupling feeding of the radiation structure, so that the rod portion radiates electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod portion. For example, the first feeding portion may radiate an electromagnetic wave toward the radiating structure, so that a current is coupled out on the shaft portion in the radiating structure, and the electromagnetic wave is radiated outward by the current. The second feeding portion may radiate electromagnetic waves to the radiating structure, so that a current is coupled out from the rod portion in the radiating structure, and the electromagnetic waves are radiated outwards under the action of the current.
Optionally, the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion are both strip-shaped, for example, the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion may both be strip-shaped conductors. The first feed is perpendicular to the second feed. When the first feeding part is perpendicular to the second feeding part, feeding signals emitted by the first feeding part and the second feeding part are orthogonal to each other, the isolation degree of the first feeding part and the second feeding part is high, and the mutual influence between the two feeding parts is small.
Optionally, the first feed portion is parallel to the shaft portion and/or the second feed portion is parallel to the stem portion. The first feeding portion may not be parallel to the shaft portion, and the second feeding portion may not be parallel to the rod portion.
Optionally, an orthographic projection of the first feeding portion on the plane of the radiating structure at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the shaft portion on the plane of the radiating structure; and/or the orthographic projection of the second feeding part on the plane of the radiation structure at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the plurality of rod parts on the plane of the radiation structure. Further, when an orthographic projection of the first power feeding portion on the plane and an orthographic projection of the shaft portion on the plane at least partially overlap, the orthographic projection of the center line of the first power feeding portion on the plane and the orthographic projection of the center line of the shaft portion on the plane coincide. Of course, the orthographic projection of the center line of the first power feeding unit on the plane and the orthographic projection of the center line of the shaft unit on the plane may not coincide.
When the first feeding portion and the shaft portion at least partially overlap with each other in an orthographic projection on the plane of the radiating structure, a stronger current can be coupled out of the shaft portion when the first feeding portion feeds power to the radiating structure. In a case where the second feeding portion at least partially overlaps with orthographic projections of the plurality of rod portions on the plane, when the second feeding portion couples feeding to the radiating structure, a stronger current can be coupled out on the rod portion.
Optionally, the length of the first feeding portion is smaller than the length of the shaft portion, and the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion are both close to one end of the shaft portion. For example, one end of the first feeding portion may be flush with one end of the shaft portion. The length of the first feeding portion may be greater than or equal to the length of the shaft portion.
Optionally, the length of the second feed portion may be less than the length of the stem portion. The length of the second feeding portion may be greater than or equal to the length of the rod portion, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
Optionally, the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion have a distance in the length direction of the shaft portion, so as to reduce the mutual influence between the two feeding portions by separating the two feeding portions as far as possible.
Alternatively, the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion may be located on the same side of the radiating structure. Of course, the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion may also be located on different sides of the radiating structure, which is not limited in this application.
Optionally, an orthographic projection of the second feeding portion on the plane of the radiating structure may be located outside an orthographic projection of the shaft portion on the plane of the radiating structure. The orthographic projection of the second feeding portion on the plane of the radiating structure may also overlap with the orthographic projection of the shaft portion on the plane of the radiating structure 7.
Alternatively, an orthographic projection of the first feeding portion on the plane of the radiating structure may be trapezoidal, and an orthographic projection of the second feeding portion on the plane of the radiating structure may be rectangular. The orthographic projection of the first feeding part on the plane of the radiation structure can be in other shapes (such as a rectangle, an ellipse and the like), and the orthographic projection of the second feeding part on the plane of the radiation structure can be in other shapes (such as a trapezoid, an ellipse and the like).
Optionally, the distance between the first feeding portion and the shaft portion is larger than the distance between the second feeding portion and the shaft portion in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the radiating structure, in which case the second feeding portion is located between the first feeding portion and the shaft portion. In this direction, the distance between the first power feeding portion and the shaft portion may be smaller than or equal to the distance between the second power feeding portion and the shaft portion, which is not limited in the present application.
Optionally, a distance between the first feeding portion and the shaft portion in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the radiating structure is less than or equal to 0.2 times an operating wavelength of the shaft portion, for example, the distance is equal to 15 mm; the distance of the second feeding portion from the shaft portion in this direction is less than or equal to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the shaft portion, e.g. the distance is equal to 10 mm.
Alternatively, the length of the first feeding portion may be 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the shaft portion, and the length of the second feeding portion may be 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the rod portion. For example, the lengths of the first power feeding unit and the second power feeding unit are both [10mm,14mm ].
Optionally, the feeding structure further comprises: at least one grounding part; the at least one grounding part is in one-to-one correspondence with at least one feeding part in the first feeding part and the second feeding part, and the grounding part and the corresponding feeding part form a monopole. For example, the at least one ground portion includes: the first grounding part corresponds to the first feeding part and forms a monopole. The second grounding part corresponds to the second feeding part and forms another monopole.
It should be noted that the monopole is also called a monopole antenna, and the monopole generally includes a ground plate and a metal strip mounted on the ground plate. The metal strip can radiate electromagnetic waves to the side of the metal strip in the grounding plate, and the metal strip cannot radiate the electromagnetic waves to the other side of the grounding plate under the reflection action of the grounding plate on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the metal strip. It can be seen that the monopole radiates electromagnetic waves with a strong directivity, and since the monopole does not need to radiate electromagnetic waves to the other side of the ground plate when radiating electromagnetic waves outward, the power consumption of the monopole is low. In the present application, the grounding portion corresponds to a grounding plate in the monopole, the feeding portion corresponding to the grounding portion corresponds to a metal strip in the monopole, and when the grounding portion and the corresponding feeding portion form a monopole, the feeding portion can effectively radiate electromagnetic waves to the radiation structure so as to couple and feed the radiation structure. The power feeding unit has high power feeding directivity and low power consumption.
Optionally, an orthographic projection of the at least one grounding part on the plane of the radiation structure is located outside the orthographic projection of the radiation structure on the plane of the radiation structure. In this case, the radiation structure is located at one side of the grounding portion, and the electromagnetic waves radiated by the monopole formed by the grounding portion and the corresponding feeding portion can be more radiated to the radiation structure, so that the feeding portion can effectively radiate the electromagnetic waves to the radiation structure, and the efficiency of feeding the radiation structure by the feeding portion is improved.
Optionally, the feed structure further comprises: a first joint and a second joint; the first joint is connected with the first feed part and the first grounding part and is used for feeding power to the first feed part and the first grounding part; the second joint is connected with the second feeding portion and the second grounding portion and is used for feeding power to the second feeding portion and the second grounding portion. For example, the first connector 2 and the second structure 5 may each be SubMiniature version a (SMA) connectors.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises: a controller that may control the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion to alternately feed power to the radiating structure. Further, the controller may include: the control unit is connected with the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit through the switch. The control part in the controller can control the connection of the switch conduction control part and the first feeding part and provide a feeding signal for the first feeding part; the control part can also control the connection of the switch conduction control part and the second feeding part and provide a feeding signal for the second feeding part. It can be seen that the control part can control the switch to alternately conduct the connection between the control part and the two feeding parts, so as to alternately provide feeding signals to the two feeding parts.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises: adjusting the structure; the adjusting structure is used for adjusting the relative positions of the second feeding portion and the radiating structure in the length direction of the shaft portion. Since the relative position of the second feeding portion and the radiating structure in the longitudinal direction can be adjusted, and the relative position is related to the intensity of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna on both sides in the direction, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna on both sides in the direction can also be adjusted.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises: an insulating substrate; the radiation structure is positioned on the insulating substrate; the feed structure is located on one side of the radiation structure far away from the insulating substrate, or the feed structure is located on one side of the insulating substrate far away from the radiation structure. The length of the insulating substrate in the length direction of the shaft portion may be 1.96 times λ, such as 107 mm; the length of the insulating substrate in the length direction of the rod portion may be 0.29 times λ, such as 16 mm. It can be seen that the antenna provided by the present application is small in size. In manufacturing the radiation structure, a metal layer may be formed on the insulating substrate, and then the metal layer may be patterned to obtain the radiation structure.
In a second aspect, there is provided an electromagnetic wave radiation method for an antenna, which may be the antenna designed according to any one of the first aspect. The method comprises the following steps: the feed structure feeds electricity to the radiation structure so that the shaft part and the rod part alternately radiate electromagnetic waves; the shaft part is used for radiating electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft part, and the rod part is used for radiating electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod part.
Optionally, the feeding structure feeds power to the radiating structure, and includes: the first feed and the second feed alternately couple feed to the radiating structure.
Optionally, the antenna comprises: a controller connected to the first feed and the second feed; before the first feed and the second feed alternately couple feed to the radiating structure, the method further comprises: the controller alternately provides feed signals to the first feed and the second feed; the first feed and the second feed alternately couple feed to the radiating structure, comprising: the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion couple and feed to the radiating structure according to the received feeding signal.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises: adjusting the structure, the method further comprising: the adjusting structure adjusts a relative position of the second feeding portion and the radiating structure in a longitudinal direction of the shaft portion before the feeding structure feeds power to the radiating structure.
In a third aspect, a communication device is provided, the communication device comprising the antenna as designed in any of the first aspect.
The technical effects brought by any one of the design manners in the second aspect and the third aspect may be referred to the technical effects brought by the corresponding design manner in the first aspect, and are not described herein again.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna composed of antenna units according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna composed of another antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna formed by another antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna formed by another antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna composed of another antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna composed of another antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an upper surface of a PCB in an antenna composed of another antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a lower surface of a PCB in an antenna composed of another antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a front view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a side view of an antenna shown in fig. 9 according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of electromagnetic waves radiated by an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application in two operating modes;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation principle of an antenna in a first operation mode according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic view illustrating a polarization direction of an electromagnetic wave according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 14 is a schematic view illustrating an operating principle of an antenna in a second operating mode according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a polarization direction of another electromagnetic wave provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of a grouping of rods provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of another rod section grouping provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of isolation between a first feeding portion and a second feeding portion according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a monopole provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 20 is a return loss diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
To make the principles and technical solutions of the present application clearer, the following detailed description of embodiments of the present application will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Communication devices are ubiquitous in our lives, such as wireless routers and ONTs, which are often used in homes. The communication device may be a communication device of any communication standard, such as a wireless (WiFi) device, which is not limited in this embodiment.
The communication device has an antenna, and can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the antenna to perform communication. Most of the current antennas employ an array type dipole antenna, which is an array of antenna elements with a length of about one-half wavelength, and can radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the antenna elements. The wavelength is an operating wavelength of the antenna, the operating wavelength is a product of an inverse of an operating frequency of the antenna and a speed of light, the antenna can radiate electromagnetic waves within a frequency band (the frequency band corresponds to a frequency band of the electromagnetic waves), and the operating frequency of the antenna is a center frequency of the frequency band of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna.
Generally, the higher the number of elements (i.e., the aforementioned antenna elements) in the line array, the higher the gain of the antenna.
As shown in fig. 1, the half-power lobe width of an electromagnetic wave radiated outward by an antenna including two antenna elements is approximately 32 degrees, and the gain of the antenna is approximately 5.15dBi (a unit of gain of the antenna).
As shown in fig. 2, the half-power lobe width of an electromagnetic wave radiated outward by an antenna including four antenna elements is approximately 15 degrees, and the gain of the antenna is approximately 8.15dBi.
As shown in fig. 3, the half-power lobe width of an electromagnetic wave radiated outward by an antenna including eight antenna elements is approximately 7 degrees, and the gain of the antenna is approximately 11.15dBi.
However, as shown in fig. 4, the half-power lobe width of an electromagnetic wave radiated outward by an antenna including one antenna element is wide (approximately 78 degrees), and the gain of the antenna is low (approximately 2.15 dBi). Therefore, the antenna generally does not adopt the mode of including one antenna element, but adopts the mode of forming an array of lines by a plurality of antenna elements.
At present, antennas using a line array composed of a plurality of antenna elements are various, and some of them will be briefly described below.
(1) The first antenna structure can be shown in fig. 5, please refer to fig. 5, and the antenna includes: a feed structure 01 and a copper wire 02. The feeding structure 01 generally includes a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and a Radio Frequency cable (RF cable) (the PCB and the RF cable are not shown in fig. 5), and the RF cable is connected to the copper wire 02 through the PCB for feeding power to the copper wire 02. The middle area of the copper wire 02 is spiral, and the upper part and the lower part which are positioned at two sides of the middle area of the copper wire 02 can be regarded as two antenna units.
When the feed structure 01 feeds power to the copper wire 02, the phases of the currents at the upper part and the lower part of the two sides of the middle area of the copper wire 02 are consistent, so that the two parts can radiate electromagnetic waves to the plane perpendicular to the copper wire 02.
(2) The structure of the second antenna can be shown in fig. 6, please refer to fig. 6, and the antenna includes: a feed structure 10, a PCB11, a plurality of radiating elements 12 (three radiating elements are shown in fig. 6) arranged on the PCB11, which can be regarded as a plurality of antenna elements.
The feed structure 10 is capable of feeding each radiating element 12 and the excitation signals applied by the feed structure to different radiating elements 12 are uniform, so that the phases of the currents on different radiating elements 12 are uniform. Thus, the radiating elements 12 can radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the radiating elements 12.
With continued reference to fig. 6, each radiating element 12 in fig. 6 includes two types of elements (e.g., element 121 and element 122 in fig. 6) with different lengths, and the lengths of the two types of elements are different, so that the two types of elements can excite electromagnetic waves with two frequencies when fed by the feed structure. Thus, the antenna shown in fig. 6 is enabled to radiate electromagnetic waves of two frequencies.
(3) The structure of the third antenna may be as shown in fig. 7 and 8, wherein fig. 7 and 8 show the upper and lower surfaces of the PCB in the antenna, respectively. The antenna includes: a first feed structure 201, a second feed structure 202 and a PCB 21, and three first radiating elements 22 (as shown in fig. 7) disposed on the upper surface of the PCB 21, and two second radiating elements 23 (as shown in fig. 8) disposed on the lower surface of the PCB 21. The three first radiating elements 22 can be considered as three antenna elements and the two second radiating elements 23 can be considered as two antenna elements.
The first feed structure 201 is capable of feeding each first radiating element 22 and the excitation signals applied by the first feed structure 201 to different first radiating elements 22 are identical, so that the phases of the currents on different first radiating elements 22 are identical. Thus, the first radiating elements 22 can radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the first radiating elements 22.
The second feed structure 202 is capable of feeding each second radiating element 23, and the excitation signals applied by the second feed structure 202 to different second radiating elements 23 are identical, so that the phases of the currents on different second radiating elements 23 are identical. Thus, the second radiating elements 23 can radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the second radiating elements 23.
Furthermore, the frequencies of the electromagnetic waves radiated to the outside by the first radiating element 22 and the second radiating element 23 are different, so that the antenna shown in fig. 3 can radiate the electromagnetic waves of two frequencies to a plane perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the first radiating element 22.
However, these antennas radiate electromagnetic waves mainly to a plane, so that these antennas have a single function.
Even if the antenna can radiate electromagnetic waves in other directions, according to the principle of conservation of energy, the higher the gain of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna in one direction, the lower the gain of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna in the other directions. Therefore, when the antenna radiates an electromagnetic wave having a high gain (e.g., 5 dBi) in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the antenna elements, the antenna cannot radiate an electromagnetic wave having a high gain in the arrangement direction, for example, the gain of the electromagnetic wave is-15 dBi.
In addition, as the living standard of people is improved, the houses of many families are of a multi-layer structure, so that users in the families not only have communication demands in the horizontal direction, but also have communication demands in the vertical direction. For example, for a house with a two-story structure, when the router is installed on the first floor, the user wants to connect to the router to surf the internet while moving on the first floor; the user also wants to be able to connect to the router to surf the internet while he is on the second floor.
However, the current antenna can only radiate electromagnetic waves to one plane, and the plane is often a plane in the horizontal direction, which results in that the current antenna has a short plate which cannot radiate electromagnetic waves with strong gain in the vertical direction. When a user is in the second floor for activity, the user often cannot be connected to the router, so that the user cannot surf the internet.
The antenna provided by the embodiment of the application has the capability of radiating electromagnetic waves to two different planes, so that the functions of the antenna are enriched. Therefore, the antenna can meet the communication requirements of users in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
Fig. 9 is a front view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 10 is a side view of the antenna shown in fig. 9. Referring to fig. 9 and 10, the antenna includes a radiating structure 7 and a feeding structure 9.
The radiating structure 7 comprises: the shaft portion 71 and the plurality of rod portions 72, and both the shaft portion 71 and the rod portions 72 are conductors. The shaft portion 71 is connected to the rod portion 72, and a connection 721 of the shaft portion 71 to the rod portion 72 is located in a middle region of the rod portion 72, and at this time, the rod portion 72 includes a first portion 722 and a second portion 723 located on both sides of the connection 721. The plurality of rod portions 72 are arranged in order along the longitudinal direction a of the shaft portion 71. The electromagnetic wave propagation constant of the radiating structure is greater than that of free space.
The feeding structure 9 is used for feeding power to the radiation structure 7 so that the shaft portion 71 and the rod portion 72 alternately radiate electromagnetic waves; the shaft portion 71 is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft portion 71, and the rod portion 72 is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod portion 72.
In the radiation structure 7, the shaft portion 71 is mainly used to radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft portion 71, and the shaft portion 71 may be used to radiate electromagnetic waves in other directions not parallel to the plane. Accordingly, the rod portion 72 is mainly used for radiating electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod portion 72, and the rod portion 72 may also be used for radiating electromagnetic waves to other directions not parallel to the plane.
Alternatively, the length direction of the shaft portion 71 in the radiation structure 7 may be parallel to the gravity direction so that the shaft portion 71 can radiate electromagnetic waves toward the horizontal plane. The length direction of the rod part 72 in the radiation structure 7 may be perpendicular to the gravity direction so that the rod part 72 may radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane in the vertical direction.
As can be seen from the above, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application has two operation modes, namely, a first operation mode (also referred to as even mode) in which the shaft portion 71 radiates electromagnetic waves and a second operation mode (odd mode) in which the rod portion 72 radiates electromagnetic waves. Also, the antenna can radiate electromagnetic waves to different planes in the two operation modes, and the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna in the two operation modes may be as shown in fig. 11, for example. The feed structure 9 in the antenna may feed the radiating structure 7 so that the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application alternates between the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation.
(1) In the first operation mode of the antenna, as shown in fig. 12, when the feeding structure 9 feeds power to the radiating structure 7, the current direction F1 on the shaft portion 71 is parallel to the length direction a of the shaft portion 71, and the current directions on two portions (referred to as a first portion 722 and a second portion 723) of the rod portion 72 located on both sides of the connection 721 with the shaft portion 71 are opposite and are both parallel to the rod portion 72. Such as a current direction F2 to the left in the first portion 722 and a current direction F3 to the right in the second portion 723. At this time, the shaft portion 71 may be regarded as a plurality of radiating elements arranged in sequence in a longitudinal direction of the shaft portion 71, and phases of currents on the radiating elements are the same, so that the shaft portion 71 may radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft portion 71. It should be noted that fig. 12 only schematically illustrates the shaft portion 71 and the rod portion 72 in the radiating structure in fig. 9, and the radiating structure in fig. 12 is different from the radiating structure in fig. 9.
In addition, the directions of the currents in the first portion 722 and the second portion 723 of the rod portion 72 are opposite to each other, and the currents may cancel each other (for example, the currents in the first portion 722 and the second portion 723 completely cancel each other), so that the rod portion 72 has a small influence on the radiation of the electromagnetic wave from the shaft portion 71.
Exemplarily, fig. 13 is a polarization pattern of an electromagnetic wave provided by an embodiment of the present application, where the polarization pattern is a polarization pattern of an electromagnetic wave radiated by an antenna to a plane perpendicular to the shaft portion 71 in a spherical coordinate system at phi =0 °. As shown in fig. 13, when the operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the shaft portion 71 is 5.5GHz, or 5.9GHz, the main beam of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna is directed substantially in the direction of θ =90 ° in the spherical coordinate system, and the antenna radiates the electromagnetic wave mainly in the direction perpendicular to the shaft portion 71. Also, as can be seen from fig. 13, the gain of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna in the first operation mode is high.
(2) In the second mode of operation of the antenna, as shown in fig. 14, when the feed structure 9 feeds power to the radiating structure 7, the direction of the current on the rod portion 72 close to the feed structure 9 is parallel to the length direction of the rod portion 72. For example, the direction of current flow F2 in the first portion 722 and the direction of current flow in the second portion 723 in the stem portion 72 are both to the right in fig. 14. The rod portion 72 can be regarded as a plurality of radiation units sequentially arranged along the length direction of the rod portion 72, and the phases of the currents on the radiation units are the same, so that the rod portion 72 can radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod portion 72.
When the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of a structure is larger than that of a free space, the structure corresponds to a guide, and the electromagnetic wave on the structure can be bound in the structure and propagate along the structure. Since the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of the radiation structure 7 is larger than that of the free space, the electromagnetic wave radiated from the rod portion 72 close to the feed structure 9 can be bound in the radiation structure 7 and propagate toward the rod portion 72 far from the feed structure 9. The rod portion 72, which is away from the feeding structure 9, can generate a current by these electromagnetic waves and radiate the electromagnetic waves toward a plane perpendicular to the rod portion 72. This is repeated until all the rod portions 72 can radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod portions 72. Also, electromagnetic waves radiated by the plurality of rod portions 72 can be superimposed to increase the gain of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna in a plane perpendicular to the rod portions 72.
In the second operation mode of the antenna, the potential difference between the connection 721 of the shaft portion 71 and each rod portion 72 is small, and at this time, the current on the shaft portion 71 is small (for example, no current is on the shaft portion 71). Thus, the shaft portion 71 has a small influence on the radiation of the electromagnetic wave to the rod portion 72.
Illustratively, fig. 15 is a polarization pattern of another electromagnetic wave provided by the embodiment of the present application, where the polarization pattern is a polarization pattern of an electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna to a plane perpendicular to the rod portion 72 in the spherical coordinate system at Φ =0 °. As shown in fig. 15, when the operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the rod portion 72 is 5.5GHz, or 5.9GHz, the main beam of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna is directed substantially in the direction of θ =0 ° in the spherical coordinate system, and the antenna radiates the electromagnetic wave mainly in the direction perpendicular to the rod portion 72. Also, as can be seen from fig. 15, the gain of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna in the second operation mode is high.
In the embodiment of the present application, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave of the radiation structure 7 is greater than that of the free space, and the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave is inversely related to the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave, so that the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave of the radiation structure 7 is less than that of the free space, and the radiation structure 7 has a slow wave transmission characteristic. Alternatively, the radiation structure 7 may be implemented by an artificial Surface Plasmon polariton (SSPPs) structure, the SSPPs structure has a strong field confinement effect, and electromagnetic waves can be bound to the SSPPs structure for transmission, so as to implement the function of the radiation structure 7.
Further, referring to fig. 9 and 10, when the radiation structure 7 includes the shaft portion 71 and the plurality of rod portions 72, the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of the radiation structure 7 can be larger than that of the free space by arranging the plurality of rod portions 72 periodically along the length direction a of the shaft portion 71 and designing the arrangement parameters of the rod portions 72. Wherein, the arrangement parameters of the rod part 72 include: the length of the first portion 722 and the second portion 723 of the rod portion 72, the width of the rod portion 72 in the length direction a, and the spacing of the plurality of rod portions 72 in the length direction a.
It should be noted that, when the plurality of rod portions 72 are arranged along the length direction a of the shaft portion 71 according to a certain periodicity, the plurality of rod portions 72 may be divided into a plurality of groups of rod portions 72 that are sequentially arranged along the length direction a of the shaft portion 71, and the arrangement manner of the different groups of rod portions 72 in the length direction a of the shaft portion 71 is the same. For example, a plurality of sets of the rod parts 72 are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction a of the shaft part 71, each set of the rod parts 72 includes m rod parts 72, and when m > 1, the nth rod part 72 and the (n + 1) th rod part 72 in different sets of the rod parts 72 have the same interval in the longitudinal direction a of the shaft part 71. Wherein m is more than or equal to 1, n is more than or equal to 1, and n +1 is less than or equal to m.
At m =1, each group of the rod parts 72 includes one rod part 72, and since the plurality of groups of the rod parts 72 are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction a of the shaft part 71, the plurality of rod parts 72 in the radiation structure 7 are also arranged at equal intervals in the length direction a. For example, the plurality of rod portions 72 in fig. 9 are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction a of the shaft portion 71, and the interval between the rod portions 72 is B (the interval B is not labeled in fig. 9). At this time, it can be seen that each group of the rod portions 72 includes 1 rod portion 72, the rod portions 72 are arranged at equal intervals in the direction a, and the interval between any two adjacent groups of the rod portions 72 in the length direction a is B.
When m > 1, the m rod portions 72 in each set of rod portions 72 may or may not be arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of the shaft portion 71.
Illustratively, the m rod portions 72 are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction a of the shaft portion 71, and the interval between adjacent rod portions 72 in the m rod portions 72 is equal to the interval between any two adjacent groups of rod portions 72. For example, with respect to the multiple rod portions 72 shown in fig. 9, it can be seen that each group of the rod portions 72 includes multiple rod portions 72 (e.g., 3 rod portions 72), where the distance between any two adjacent rod portions in the 3 rod portions in the length direction a is B, and the distance between any two adjacent groups of the rod portions 72 in the length direction a is B. Moreover, the distance between the 1 st rod portion 72 and the 2 nd rod portion 72 in each set of rod portions 72 in the longitudinal direction a of the shaft portion 71 is B, and the distance between the 2 nd rod portion 72 and the 3 rd rod portion 72 in each set of rod portions 72 in the longitudinal direction a of the shaft portion 71 is B.
Further illustratively, the m rod portions 72 are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of the shaft portion 71, and the interval between adjacent rod portions 72 in the m rod portions 72 is not equal to the interval between any two adjacent groups of rod portions 72. For example, as shown in fig. 16, the radiating structure 7 includes 9 rod portions 72, the 9 rod portions 72 are divided into 3 sets of rod portions 72, and each set of rod portions 72 includes 3 rod portions 72. The 3 groups of rod portions 72 are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction a of the shaft portion 71, for example, the interval between every two adjacent groups of rod portions 72 is B, that is, the interval between the last rod portion 72 of the front group of rod portions 72 and the first rod portion 72 of the rear group of rod portions 72 is B. In 3 of the rods 72 in each set of rods 72, the distance between the 1 st rod 72 and the 2 nd rod 72 is 1.05 × b, and the distance between the 2 nd rod 72 and the 3 rd rod 72 is 1.05 × b.
Further illustratively, the m rod portions 72 are arranged at unequal intervals in the length direction of the shaft portion 71. For example, as shown in fig. 17, the radiating structure 7 includes 15 rod portions 72, and the 15 rod portions 72 are divided into 3 groups of rod portions 72, and each group of rod portions 72 includes 5 rod portions 72. The spacing between each two adjacent sets of rods 72 is B. In 5 rods 72 in each set of rods 72, the distance between the 1 st rod 72 and the 2 nd rod 72 is 1.05 × b, the distance between the 2 nd rod 72 and the 3 rd rod 72 is 1.04 × b, the distance between the 3 rd rod 72 and the 4 th rod 72 is 1.03 × b, and the distance between the 4 th rod 72 and the 5 th rod 72 is 1.02 × b.
As can be seen from the above, in the plurality of rod portions 72 in the radiation structure 7, the rod portions 72 may be arranged at equal intervals or may be arranged at unequal intervals in the longitudinal direction a of the shaft portion 71.
Alternatively, when the plurality of rod portions 72 in the radiating structure 7 are arranged at unequal intervals in the length direction a of the shaft portion 71, the difference between any two distances among the distances of the adjacent rod portions 72 in the length direction a of the shaft portion 71 is less than or equal to 1/3 of any one distance. For example, the difference between any two distances is less than or equal to 0.2 mm. Wherein, the distance between adjacent rods 72 in the length direction a refers to: the distance of the centers of adjacent rods 72 in the length direction a.
Alternatively, whether the plurality of rod portions 72 in the radiating structure 7 are arranged at equal intervals or at non-equal intervals in the longitudinal direction a of the shaft portion 71, the distance range of the adjacent rod portions 72 in the longitudinal direction a of the shaft portion 71 may be [ λ/100, λ/50]. For example, the distance range is [0.6 mm, 1.2 mm ]. λ represents an operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the rod portion 72, which is equal to a product of an inverse of an operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the rod portion 72, which may be a center frequency of a frequency band of the electromagnetic wave, and a speed of light. Illustratively, the frequency band of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the rod portion 72 may be 5.1GHz to 6.5GHz. Further, the frequency band of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the shaft portion 71 may be the same as or different from the frequency band of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the rod portion 72. For example, the frequency band of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the shaft portion 71 may be 4.5GHz to 6.5GHz.
When the distance range of the adjacent rod parts 72 in the length direction a of the shaft part 71 is [ λ/100, λ/50], the plurality of rod parts 72 in the radiating structure 7 are relatively close to each other, and electromagnetic waves radiated by the plurality of rod parts 72 can be effectively superposed, so that the energy loss of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the plurality of rod parts 72 is reduced, and the gain of the antenna is improved.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 9, the stem portion 72 includes: a first portion 722 and a second portion 723, the first portion 722 and the second portion 723 being located on both sides of the junction 721 (the junction of the shaft portion 71 and the shaft portion 72), the difference in length between the first portion 722 and the second portion 723 being less than or equal to λ/10, for example, the difference in length may be less than or equal to 1 mm. Optionally, the first portion 722 and the second portion 723 are equal in length.
When the length difference between the first portion 722 and the second portion 723 is less than or equal to λ/10, the length difference between the first portion 722 and the second portion 723 is small, and in the first operation mode of the antenna, the currents on the first portion 722 and the second portion 723 are offset to each other to a high degree, so that the rod portion 72 has a small influence on the radiation of electromagnetic waves from the shaft portion 71.
Optionally, the first portion 722 and the second portion 723 may each have a length in the range of [ λ/8, λ/4], e.g., the length may each be in the range of [6 mm, 10mm ].
With continued reference to fig. 9, at least two rod portions 72 (e.g., 2 to 50 rod portions 72) at least one end of the shaft portion 71 decrease in length in a direction toward the end of the shaft portion 71. In the embodiment of the present application, the length of the 11 rod portions 72 decreases in the direction close to the end of the shaft portion 71, taking as an example that the shaft portion 71 is far from one end of the radiation structure 9 in fig. 9. The area of the radiating structure 7 where either end of the at least one end is located may be arc-shaped, triangular or trapezoidal, and the arc-shaped is taken as an example in fig. 9.
When the lengths of the at least two rod portions 72 decrease in a direction approaching the end portion of the shaft portion 71 at a certain end of the shaft portion 71, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the plurality of rod portions 72 can be momentum-matched with the electromagnetic wave in the free space in the region where the end portion is located in the radiation structure 7, so that the electromagnetic wave radiated by the plurality of rod portions 72 can be efficiently radiated from the end portion into the free space. It can be seen that the antenna provided by the present application is capable of radiating a directional beam having an end-fire characteristic.
Alternatively, in the radiation structure 7, the shaft portion 71 may be perpendicular to the rod portion 72, and the length of the shaft portion 71 may be greater than the length of the rod portion 72. Of course, the shaft portion 71 may not be perpendicular to the rod portion 72, and the length of the shaft portion 71 may be smaller than or equal to the length of the rod portion 72, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
Optionally, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes: an insulating substrate 8; the radiating structure 7 is located on an insulating substrate 8, and the feeding structure 9 is located on a side of the insulating substrate 8 away from the radiating structure 7. The feeding structure 9 in fig. 9 and 10 may also be located on a side of the radiating structure 7 away from the insulating substrate 8, which is not limited in this embodiment of the application.
For example, referring to fig. 9, a length Z1 of the insulating substrate 8 in the length direction a of the shaft portion 71 may be 1.96 times λ, such as Z1 equal to 107 mm; the length Z2 of the insulating base plate 8 in the length direction of the rod portion 72 may be 0.29 times λ, e.g. Z2 equals 16 mm. It can be seen that the antenna provided by the embodiment of the application is small in size.
In manufacturing the radiation structure 7, a metal layer may be formed on the insulating substrate 8, and then the metal layer may be subjected to a patterning process, resulting in the radiation structure 7.
The above explains the radiating structure 7 in an antenna and the following explains the feeding structure 9 in an antenna.
The feeding structure 9 in the embodiment of the present application is used to feed the radiating structure 7 so as to switch the antenna between the above-mentioned first operating mode and the second operating mode. For example, referring to fig. 9 and 10, the feeding structure 9 may include: a first feeding portion 1 and a second feeding portion 4 insulated from each other.
The first feeding portion 1 is used for feeding power to the radiation structure 7 so that the shaft portion 71 radiates electromagnetic waves, and the second feeding portion 4 is used for feeding power to the radiation structure 7 so that the rod portion 72 radiates electromagnetic waves. The first feeding portion 1 and the second feeding portion 4 may alternately feed power to the radiation structure 7 so that the shaft portion 71 and the rod portion 72 alternately radiate electromagnetic waves. For example, the first feeding portion 1 may radiate electromagnetic waves toward the radiating structure 7, so that a current is coupled out on the shaft portion 71 in the radiating structure 7, and the electromagnetic waves are radiated outward by the current. The second feeding portion 4 can radiate electromagnetic waves to the radiating structure 7, so that the rod portion 72 in the radiating structure 7 is coupled with current, and the electromagnetic waves are radiated outwards under the action of the current.
The first feeding portion 1 and the second feeding portion 4 may be strip conductors, and the first feeding portion 1 is perpendicular to the second feeding portion 4. When the first feeding unit 1 is perpendicular to the second feeding unit 4, feeding signals emitted by the first feeding unit 1 and the second feeding unit 2 are orthogonal to each other, the isolation between the first feeding unit 1 and the second feeding unit 4 is high, and the mutual influence between the two feeding units is small. By way of example, fig. 18 shows a parameter S21 (in decibels (dB)) of the first feeding unit 1 and the second feeding unit 4 when electromagnetic waves of different frequencies are radiated, and an absolute value of S21 is an isolation degree of the first feeding unit 1 and the second feeding unit 4, and as can be seen from fig. 18, the isolation degree of the first feeding unit 1 and the second feeding unit 4 is greater than 15dB.
The first feeding portion 1 may be parallel to the shaft portion 71, and the second feeding portion 4 may be parallel to the stem portion 72. The first feeding portion 1 may not be parallel to the shaft portion 71, and the second feeding portion 4 may not be parallel to the rod portion 72, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In the case where the first feeding portion 1 is parallel to the shaft portion 71, when the first feeding portion 1 feeds power to the radiation structure 7, a strong current can be coupled out on the shaft portion 71. In the case that the second feeding portion 4 is parallel to the rod portion 72, when the second feeding portion 4 couples feeding to the radiation structure 7, a stronger current can be coupled out of the rod portion 72.
An orthographic projection of the first feeding portion 1 on a plane where the radiating structure 7 is located may at least partially overlap with an orthographic projection of the shaft portion 71 on the plane; an orthogonal projection of the second feeding section 4 on the plane may at least partially overlap with an orthogonal projection of the plurality of rod sections 72 on the plane. Further, when the orthographic projection of the first power feeding portion 1 on the plane and the orthographic projection of the shaft portion 71 on the plane at least partially overlap, the orthographic projection of the center line of the first power feeding portion 1 on the plane and the orthographic projection of the center line of the shaft portion 71 on the plane coincide. Of course, an orthogonal projection of the center line of the first power feeding unit 1 on the plane and an orthogonal projection of the center line of the shaft portion 71 on the plane may not coincide with each other.
In the case where the first power feeding unit 1 and the shaft portion 71 at least partially overlap each other in an orthogonal projection on the plane of the radiation structure 7, when the first power feeding unit 1 feeds power to the radiation structure 7, a strong current can be coupled to the shaft portion 71. In the case that the second feeding portion 4 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projections of the plurality of rod portions 72 on the plane, when the second feeding portion 4 feeds power to the radiating structure 7, a stronger current can be coupled out on the rod portions 72.
With continued reference to fig. 9 and 10, the length of the first feeding portion 1 may be less than the length of the shaft portion 71, and the first feeding portion 71 and the second feeding portion 72 are both near one end of the shaft portion 71. For example, one end of the first feeding section 1 may be flush with one end of the shaft section 71. The length of the first power feeding portion 1 may be greater than or equal to the length of the shaft portion 71. The length of the second feeding portion 4 may be smaller than the length of the stem portion 72. The length of the second feeding portion 4 may be greater than or equal to the length of the rod portion 72, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
The first power feeding unit 1 and the second power feeding unit 4 are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction a of the shaft portion 71 to make the distance between the two power feeding units as long as possible, thereby reducing the mutual influence between the two power feeding units.
The first feeding portion 1 and the second feeding portion 4 may be located on the same side of the radiating structure 7. Of course, the first feeding portion 1 and the second feeding portion 4 may also be located on different sides of the radiating structure 7, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
The orthographic projection of the second feeding portion 4 on the plane of the radiating structure 7 may be located outside the orthographic projection of the shaft portion 71 on the plane of the radiating structure 7. The orthographic projection of the second feeding portion 4 on the plane of the radiation structure 7 may overlap with the orthographic projection of the shaft portion 71 on the plane of the radiation structure 7.
With continued reference to fig. 9 and 10, an orthographic projection of the first feeding portion 1 on the plane of the radiating structure 7 may be trapezoidal, and an orthographic projection of the second feeding portion 4 on the plane of the radiating structure 7 may be rectangular. The orthographic projection of the first feeding portion 1 on the plane of the radiating structure 7 may have other shapes (such as a rectangle, an ellipse, etc.), and the orthographic projection of the second feeding portion 4 on the plane of the radiating structure 7 may have other shapes (such as a trapezoid, an ellipse, etc.).
Referring to fig. 10, the distance between the first feeding portion 1 and the shaft portion 71 is larger than the distance between the second feeding portion 4 and the shaft portion 71 in the direction C perpendicular to the plane of the radiating structure 7, and the second feeding portion 4 is located between the first feeding portion 1 and the shaft portion 71 in the direction C. In this direction, the distance between the first power feeding unit 1 and the shaft portion 71 may be smaller than or equal to the distance between the second power feeding unit 4 and the shaft portion 71, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
Alternatively, with continued reference to fig. 10, the distance h1 between the first feeding portion 1 and the shaft portion 71 in the direction C is less than or equal to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the shaft portion 71, for example, the distance h1 is equal to 15 mm; the distance h2 of the second feeding portion 4 from the shaft portion 71 in the direction C is less than or equal to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the stem portion 72, e.g., the distance h2 is equal to 10 mm.
The length L1 of the first feeding portion 1 may be 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the shaft portion 71, and the length L2 of the second feeding portion 4 may be 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the rod portion 72. For example, when the lengths of the first power feeding unit 1 and the second power feeding unit 4 are both [10mm,14mm ], the frequency bands of electromagnetic waves radiated from the shaft portion 71 and the rod portion 72 may be 5.1GHz to 5.9GHz.
Further, the feeding structure 9 further includes: at least one grounding part. The at least one grounding part is in one-to-one correspondence with at least one feeding part in the first feeding part 1 and the second feeding part 4, and the grounding part and the corresponding feeding part form a monopole. For example, with continued reference to fig. 9, the at least one grounding portion includes: a first grounding part 3 and a second grounding part 6, wherein the first grounding part 3 corresponds to the first power supply part 1 and forms a monopole. The second ground section 6 corresponds to the second power feeding section 4 and forms another monopole. The first and second ground portions 3 and 6 may each be an aluminum plate or a copper plate having a thickness of 1 mm (or other thickness). Of course, the feeding structure 9 may also comprise only one of the first feeding portion 3 and the second feeding portion 6.
Note that the monopole is also called a monopole antenna, and as shown in fig. 19, the monopole generally includes a ground plate 1401, and a metal strip 1402 attached to the ground plate 1401. The metal strip 1402 can radiate electromagnetic waves to the side of the ground plate 1401 where the metal strip 1402 is located, and under the reflection action of the ground plate 1401 on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the metal strip 1402, the metal strip 1402 cannot radiate the electromagnetic waves to the other side of the ground plate 1401. It can be seen that the monopole radiates electromagnetic waves with a strong directivity, and since the monopole does not need to radiate electromagnetic waves to the other side of the ground plate when radiating electromagnetic waves outward, the power consumption of the monopole is low.
In the embodiment of the present application, the grounding portion is equivalent to a grounding plate in the monopole, the feeding portion corresponding to the grounding portion is equivalent to a metal strip in the monopole, and when the grounding portion and the corresponding feeding portion form the monopole, the feeding portion can effectively radiate electromagnetic waves to the radiation structure 7 so as to couple and feed the radiation structure 7. The power feeding unit has high power feeding directivity and low power consumption.
Optionally, an orthographic projection of the at least one grounding portion on the plane of the radiation structure 7 is located outside an orthographic projection of the radiation structure 7 on the plane of the radiation structure 7. In this case, the radiation structure 7 is located on one side of the ground portion, and the electromagnetic waves radiated by the monopole formed by the ground portion and the corresponding feeding portion can be more radiated to the radiation structure 7, so that the feeding portion can effectively radiate the electromagnetic waves to the radiation structure 7, and the efficiency of feeding the radiation structure 7 by the feeding portion is improved.
The first ground connection portion 3 and the second ground connection portion 6 can also function as a constant impedance matching. Thus, when the power feeding structure 9 in which the first ground 3 and the second ground 6 are located feeds power to the radiation structure 7, the return loss of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the shaft portion 71 is small and the return loss of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the rod portion 72 is also small in the radiation structure 7. Illustratively, fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of return loss provided by an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 20, when a frequency band of an electromagnetic wave Y1 radiated by a shaft portion 71 is 4.8GHz to 6.5GHz, the return loss of the electromagnetic wave Y1 radiated by the shaft portion 71 is approximately below-10 dB; when the frequency band of the electromagnetic wave Y2 radiated by the rod portion 72 is 5.1GHz to 6.5GHz, the return loss of the electromagnetic wave Y2 radiated by the rod portion 72 is substantially-10 dB or less. It can be seen that the return loss of the electromagnetic wave radiated from both the shaft portion 71 and the rod portion 72 is small.
Optionally, with continuing reference to fig. 9, the feeding structure 9 further includes: a first joint 2 and a second joint 5; the first connector 2 is connected to both the first feeding portion 1 and the first grounding portion 3 (the connection relationship between the first connector 2 and the first feeding portion 1 is not shown in fig. 9), and is used for feeding power to the first feeding portion 1 and the first grounding portion 3; the second joint 5 is connected to both the second feeding portion 4 and the second grounding portion 6 (the connection relationship of the second joint 5 to the second feeding portion 2 is not shown in fig. 9) for feeding power to the second feeding portion 4 and the second grounding portion 6. Illustratively, the first joint 2 and the second structure 5 may both be SMA joints.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the feeding structure 9 includes: the first power feeding unit 1, the first contact 2, the first ground 3, the second power feeding unit 4, the second contact 5, and the second ground 6 are exemplified. Alternatively, the feed structure 9 may have other implementations.
For example, the feeding structure 9 comprises the first feeding portion 1 and does not comprise the second feeding portion 4, and may further comprise a mobile unit. The first feeding portion 1 is capable of feeding power to the radiating structure 7 at a first position where the first feeding portion 1 is located in fig. 9 so that the shaft portion 71 radiates electromagnetic waves. The moving unit can move the first feeding portion 1 from the first position to a second position where the second feeding portion 4 is located in fig. 9, and at this time, the first feeding portion 1 is further configured to feed power to the radiating structure 7, so that the rod portion 72 radiates an electromagnetic wave.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first feeding portion 1 and the second feeding portion 4 may alternately feed power to the radiation structure 7, so that the shaft portion 71 and the rod portion 72 alternately radiate electromagnetic waves, thereby switching the antenna between the first operation mode and the second operation mode. Optionally, the antenna further comprises: a controller (not shown in the figures) may control the first feeding portion 1 and the second feeding portion 4 to alternately feed the radiation structure 7.
Illustratively, the controller is connected with the first feeding part 1 and the second feeding part 4, and is used for alternately providing feeding signals to the first feeding part 1 and the second feeding part 4; each of the first feeding portion 1 and the second feeding portion 4 is configured to feed power to the radiating structure 7 according to a received feeding signal.
Further, the controller may include: the control unit is connected with the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit through the switch. The control part in the controller can control the connection of the switch conduction control part and the first feeding part and provide a feeding signal for the first feeding part; the control section may also control the connection of the switch conduction control section and the second feeding section, and supply the feeding signal to the second feeding section. It can be seen that the control part may control the switch to alternately turn on the connection between the control part and the two feeding parts, so as to alternately provide feeding signals to the two feeding parts.
When the feeding structure comprises the first joint and the second joint, the control part can be connected with the first joint and the second joint through the switch, and further connected with the first feeding part and the second feeding part. The controller can control the switch to conduct the connection between the control part and the first joint when the controller provides a feeding signal to the first feeding part; when the feeding signal is provided to the second feeding portion, the switch is controlled to conduct the connection of the control portion and the second joint.
Optionally, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes: adjustment structure (not shown in the drawings); the adjustment structure is used to adjust the relative positions of the second power feeding portion 4 and the radiation structure 7 in the longitudinal direction a of the shaft portion 71. Since the relative position of the second feeding portion 4 and the radiating structure 7 in the longitudinal direction a can be adjusted, and the relative position is related to the intensity of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna on both sides in the direction a, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna on both sides in the direction a can also be adjusted.
Optionally, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes: a housing (not shown in the drawings), at least part of the structure of the antenna other than the housing may be located within the housing. For example, the radiation structure 7 and the feeding structure 9 are both located in a housing, and the feeding structure 9 may be fixed on the inner surface of the housing.
According to the above, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the application can radiate electromagnetic waves to two different planes, so that the communication requirements of a family in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be met, and the antenna is suitable for a house with a multilayer structure. In addition, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages of higher gain of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna, smaller size, simple structure and easiness in processing.
Based on the antenna provided by the embodiment of the application, the embodiment of the application further provides a communication device, and the communication device comprises any one of the antennas provided by the embodiment of the application. The communication device may be any kind of communication device having an antenna, such as a wireless router, an ONT, etc.
The antenna provided by the embodiment of the application has a corresponding electromagnetic wave radiation method. For example, an electromagnetic wave radiation method of an antenna may include:
the feed structure feeds electricity to the radiation structure so that the shaft part and the rod part alternately radiate electromagnetic waves; the shaft part is used for radiating electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft part, and the rod part is used for radiating electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod part.
Optionally, the feed structure comprises: the first feed part and the second feed part are insulated from each other; the first feeding part is used for coupling and feeding electricity to the radiation structure so as to enable the shaft part to radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft part; the second feeding portion is used for coupling feeding of the radiation structure, so that the rod portion radiates electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod portion. When the feed structure feeds power to the radiation structure, the first feed portion and the second feed portion in the feed structure may alternately couple and feed power to the radiation structure, so that the shaft portion and the rod portion in the radiation structure alternately radiate electromagnetic waves.
Optionally, the antenna comprises: the controller is connected with the first feeding part and the second feeding part; the two feeding portions may alternately couple the feeds to the radiating structure under the control of the controller. For example, the controller may provide the feed signal to the first feed and the second feed alternately before the first feed and the second feed alternately couple the feed to the radiating structure. At this time, the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion may couple and feed to the radiation structure according to the received feeding signal, so that the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion alternately couple and feed to the radiation structure.
Further, the controller may include: the control part is connected with the first power supply part and the second power supply part through the switch. The control part in the controller can control the connection of the switch conduction control part and the first feeding part and provide a feeding signal for the first feeding part; the control section may also control the connection of the switch conduction control section and the second feeding section, and supply the feeding signal to the second feeding section. It can be seen that the control part can control the switch to alternately conduct the connection between the control part and the two feeding parts, so as to alternately provide feeding signals to the two feeding parts.
Optionally, the antenna further comprises: and an adjustment structure capable of adjusting the relative position of the second power feeding portion and the radiation structure in the longitudinal direction of the shaft portion. Since the relative position of the second feeding portion and the radiating structure in the longitudinal direction of the shaft portion can be adjusted, and the relative position is correlated with the intensity of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna on both sides in the direction, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna on both sides in the direction can also be adjusted. Before the feeding structure feeds power to the radiating structure, the adjusting structure may adjust, according to requirements, relative positions of the second feeding portion and the radiating structure in the length direction of the shaft portion, so as to adjust intensities of electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna on both sides in the direction.
In this application, the terms "first" and "second," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more, unless expressly defined otherwise. The term "and/or" is merely an associative relationship that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.
Different types of embodiments, such as the method embodiment, the antenna embodiment, and the communication device embodiment, provided in the embodiments of the present application may all refer to each other, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. The sequence of operations in the method embodiments provided in the present application can be appropriately adjusted, and the operations can be increased or decreased according to the circumstances, and any method that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application shall be covered within the protection scope of the present application, and therefore will not be described in detail.
In the corresponding embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed antenna and communication device, etc. may be implemented by other configurations. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative.
The above description is only an alternative embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (25)

1. An antenna, characterized in that it comprises a radiating structure (7) and a feed structure (9);
the radiating structure (7) comprises: a shaft portion (71) and a plurality of rod portions (72); wherein the shaft part (71) is connected with the rod part (72), and the connection part (721) of the shaft part (71) and the rod part (72) is positioned in the middle area of the rod part (72); the plurality of rod parts (72) are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the shaft part (71), the plurality of rod parts (72) are divided into a plurality of groups of rod parts (72) which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the shaft part (71), and the arrangement modes of the rod parts (72) of different groups in the length direction of the shaft part (71) are the same; the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of the radiation structure (7) is greater than that of free space; the shaft portion (71) and the rod portion (72) are both conductors;
the feeding structure (9) is used for feeding power to the radiation structure (7) so as to enable the shaft part (71) and the rod part (72) to alternately radiate electromagnetic waves; the shaft portion (71) is used for radiating electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft portion (71), and the rod portion (72) is used for radiating electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod portion (72).
2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of sets of rod portions (72) are arranged at equal intervals in a length direction of the shaft portion (71);
each group of the rod parts (72) comprises m rod parts (72), when m is larger than 1, the distance between the nth rod part (72) and the (n + 1) th rod part (72) in different groups of the rod parts (72) in the length direction of the shaft part (71) is the same, m is larger than or equal to 1, n +1 is smaller than or equal to m.
3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein when m > 1, the m rod portions (72) are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of the shaft portion (71), and the interval between adjacent rod portions (72) in the m rod portions (72) is equal to the interval between any two adjacent groups of rod portions (72);
or when m is larger than 1, the m rod parts (72) are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of the shaft part (71), and the interval between the adjacent rod parts (72) in the m rod parts (72) is not equal to the interval between any two adjacent groups of rod parts (72);
or, when m is larger than 1, the m rod parts (72) are arranged at unequal intervals in the length direction of the shaft part (71).
4. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein when m > 1, the m rod portions (72) are arranged at unequal intervals in a length direction of the shaft portion (71), and a difference between any two of distances of adjacent rod portions in the plurality of rod portions in the length direction of the shaft portion (71) is less than or equal to 1/3 of any one of the distances.
5. The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the distance between adjacent rods (72) in the longitudinal direction of the shaft portion (71) is in the range [ λ/100, λ/50], λ representing the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the rods (72).
6. The antenna of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the rod (72) comprises: a first portion (722) and a second portion (723), the first portion (722) and the second portion (723) being located on either side of the junction (721), a difference in length between the first portion (722) and the second portion (723) being less than or equal to λ/10, λ representing an operating wavelength of an electromagnetic wave radiated by the rod portion (72).
7. The antenna of claim 6, wherein the first portion (722) and the second portion (723) are equal in length.
8. The antenna of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the rod (72) comprises: a first portion (722) and a second portion (723), wherein the first portion (722) and the second portion (723) are positioned on two sides of the connecting part (721), the lengths of the first portion (722) and the second portion (723) are both in a range of [ lambda/8, lambda/4 ], and lambda represents the working wavelength of an electromagnetic wave radiated by the rod part (72).
9. The antenna of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least two of the rod portions (72) at least one end of the shaft portion (71) decrease in length in a direction towards the end of the shaft portion (71).
10. The antenna according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the radiating structure (7) satisfies at least one of the following:
the shaft portion (71) is perpendicular to the rod portion (72);
and the length of the shaft portion (71) is greater than the length of the rod portion (72).
11. An antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said feed structure (9) comprises: a first power feed unit (1) and a second power feed unit (4) which are insulated from each other;
the first feeding part (1) is used for coupling feeding to the radiating structure (7) so as to enable the shaft part (71) to radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft part (71);
the second feeding portion (4) is used for coupling feeding of the radiation structure (7) so that the rod portion (72) radiates electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod portion (72).
12. An antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that the first feed (1) and the second feed (4) are both strip-shaped, and that the first feed (1) is perpendicular to the second feed (4).
13. An antenna according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the first feeding portion (1) is parallel to the shaft portion (71) and/or the second feeding portion (4) is parallel to the rod portion (72).
14. An antenna according to any of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the orthographic projection of said first feeding portion (1) on the plane of said radiating structure at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of said shaft portion (71) on the plane of said radiating structure;
and/or the orthographic projection of the second feeding part (4) on the plane of the radiation structure at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the plurality of rod parts (72) on the plane of the radiation structure.
15. An antenna according to claim 14, characterized in that the orthographic projection of the centre line of the first feeding portion (1) on the plane of the radiating structure coincides with the orthographic projection of the centre line of the shaft portion (71) on the plane of the radiating structure.
16. The antenna according to any of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that said feed structure (9) further comprises: at least one grounding part;
the at least one grounding part is in one-to-one correspondence with at least one feeding part in the first feeding part (1) and the second feeding part (4), and the grounding part and the corresponding feeding part form a monopole.
17. An antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that the orthographic projection of said at least one ground portion on the plane of said radiating structure is located outside the orthographic projection of said radiating structure (7) on the plane of said radiating structure.
18. The antenna of any one of claims 11 to 17, further comprising: a controller;
the controller is connected with the first feeding part (1) and the second feeding part (4) and is used for alternately providing feeding signals to the first feeding part (1) and the second feeding part (4);
the first feeding part (1) and the second feeding part (4) are used for coupling feeding to the radiation structure according to the received feeding signal.
19. The antenna of any one of claims 11 to 18, further comprising: adjusting the structure;
the adjusting structure is used for adjusting the relative position of the second feeding portion (4) and the radiating structure (7) in the length direction of the shaft portion (71).
20. The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising: an insulating substrate (8);
the radiating structure (7) is located on the insulating substrate (8);
the feeding structure (9) is located on one side of the radiating structure (7) far away from the insulating substrate (8), or the feeding structure (9) is located on one side of the insulating substrate (8) far away from the radiating structure (7).
21. An electromagnetic wave radiation method, for an antenna, the antenna comprising: a radiating structure and a feed structure, the radiating structure comprising: a shaft portion and a plurality of rod portions; the shaft part is connected with the rod part, and the connection position of the shaft part and the rod part is positioned in the middle area of the rod part; the plurality of rod parts are a plurality of groups of rod parts which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the shaft part, and the arrangement modes of the rod parts of different groups in the length direction of the shaft part are the same; the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of the radiation structure is larger than that of the free space; the shaft portion and the rod portion are both conductors;
the method comprises the following steps:
the feed structure feeds electricity to the radiation structure so that the shaft part and the rod part alternately radiate electromagnetic waves; the shaft part is used for radiating electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft part, and the rod part is used for radiating electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod part.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the feed structure comprises: the first feed part and the second feed part are insulated from each other; the first feeding portion is used for coupling feeding to the radiating structure so that the shaft portion radiates electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the shaft portion; the second feeding part is used for coupling feeding of the radiation structure so as to enable the rod part to radiate electromagnetic waves to a plane perpendicular to the rod part;
the feed structure feeds power to the radiation structure, including:
the first feed and the second feed alternately couple feed to the radiating structure.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the antenna comprises: a controller connected to the first feed and the second feed;
before the first feed and the second feed alternately couple feed to the radiating structure, the method further comprises:
the controller alternately provides feed signals to the first feed and the second feed;
the first feed and the second feed alternately couple feed to the radiating structure, comprising:
the first feeding portion and the second feeding portion couple and feed to the radiating structure according to the received feeding signal.
24. The method of any of claims 21 to 23, wherein the antenna further comprises: an adjustment structure, before the feeding structure feeds power to the radiating structure, the method further comprising:
the adjusting structure adjusts the relative position of the second feeding portion and the radiating structure in the longitudinal direction of the shaft portion.
25. A communication device, characterized in that the communication device comprises: an antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20.
CN202110593710.XA 2021-05-28 2021-05-28 Antenna, communication device, and electromagnetic wave radiation method Pending CN115411504A (en)

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FR1081196A (en) * 1953-04-24 1954-12-16 Csf Aerial for short electromagnetic waves
US6320552B1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-11-20 Lockheed Martin Corporation Antenna with polarization converting auger director
US9980774B2 (en) * 2008-10-21 2018-05-29 Microcube, Llc Methods and devices for delivering microwave energy
CN101533954B (en) * 2009-04-16 2014-01-15 光宝电子(广州)有限公司 Antenna structure
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