CN115411449B - Super-capacity engineering battery energy storage system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Super-capacity engineering battery energy storage system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115411449B CN115411449B CN202210975511.XA CN202210975511A CN115411449B CN 115411449 B CN115411449 B CN 115411449B CN 202210975511 A CN202210975511 A CN 202210975511A CN 115411449 B CN115411449 B CN 115411449B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese zinc Chemical compound [Mn].[Zn] WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 54
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
- H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/103—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses an ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of energy storage. The super-capacity engineering battery energy storage system comprises at least one battery pack, wherein the battery pack comprises a plurality of single batteries connected in series, the single batteries are batteries such as lead-acid batteries, iron-nickel batteries or manganese-zinc batteries, the single batteries comprise a battery body and a top cover arranged on the battery body in a sealing cover manner, and the top cover comprises: electrolyte is arranged in the cell body; an electrode and a baffle are arranged below the top cover in a plugging manner, and a binding post and a one-way isolation safety valve are arranged on the top cover; the single battery also comprises a flammable gas collecting and discharging device and a low-pressure safety gas injection device. The embodiment of the invention adopts the ways of component delivery, field assembly, field maintenance and the like, and combines with the intelligent scheduling control strategy of the single battery to form an engineering energy storage battery solution with large battery capacity, sufficient electrode material supply, high recycling rate, safe operation and maintenance and low comprehensive cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to an ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system and a control method thereof.
Background
At present, electrochemical energy storage mainly adopts a small lithium ion battery matrix combination technology to form an energy storage module with the energy storage capacity of 1-2MWh, and then the energy storage module is further combined according to requirements, and a battery management system only monitors information such as the temperature, the current, the voltage and the like of the battery module and is used as a basis for judging whether the battery has thermal unbalance risks or not, and alarms or stops the whole battery module under the condition that the battery module is found to be abnormal. This solution has the following drawbacks:
(1) Lithium ion battery raw materials are scarce. The resource reserves of metal lithium, nickel, cobalt and the like are insufficient, the existing exploitation quantity cannot meet the high-speed development of industries requiring high energy density such as new energy automobile power batteries, mobile energy storage batteries and the like, the price of lithium-containing raw materials is more than 5 times of that of the raw materials, the cost of electrochemical energy storage engineering is high, and therefore, the huge development requirement of the 2025 global electrochemical energy storage estimated accumulated installed capacity of 64.3GW/179GWh cannot be met by means of the supply and cost of the lithium ion batteries.
(2) Battery safety issues. Under the action of internal and external factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheat, mechanical collision and the like, the lithium ion battery is easy to cause phenomena such as battery diaphragm collapse, internal short circuit and the like, so that the battery is in thermal runaway, which is an essential cause of safety problems of the lithium ion battery. Because of the small capacity of lithium ion battery cells and the consistency problem in the manufacturing process, the engineering application mostly adopts a multi-cell serial-parallel matrix structure, and the serial loop of the whole battery pack can be cut off under abnormal conditions, but the loop current among the abnormal point parallel cells can be further aggravated due to the thermal runaway of the fault cells, so as to form vicious circle. In addition, most of electrolyte organic solvents adopted in lithium ion batteries at present belong to flammable or combustible liquids, which increases the hidden danger of fire. For the conventional safety fire protection measures at present, the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery cannot be effectively restrained, so that the initial fire disaster rapidly spreads, and the fire disaster evolves into a large-scale fire disaster. In recent 3 years, the large accidents of explosion and fire disaster occur in the worldwide lithium ion battery energy storage project as much as 26. However, there is no perfect preventive and fire control strategy.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides the ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system with low cost and high safety and the control method thereof.
In one aspect, an ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system is provided, including at least one group battery, the group battery includes a plurality of battery cells of series connection, battery cell is lead acid battery, iron-nickel battery or manganese zinc battery, battery cell includes cell body and sealed lid and establishes the top cap on the cell body, wherein:
electrolyte is arranged in the tank body, and a liquid level observation window is arranged on the side surface of the tank body;
an electrode and a partition plate are inserted and installed below the top cover, the electrode is made of materials capable of being reformed, activated and recycled, a binding post and a one-way isolation safety valve are arranged on the top cover, and when the gas pressure in the tank body exceeds a preset threshold value, the one-way isolation safety valve is automatically opened;
the single battery also comprises a flammable gas collecting and discharging device, wherein the flammable gas collecting and discharging device comprises an air chamber arranged above the top cover, an inlet of the air chamber is connected with the one-way isolation safety valve through a pipeline, and an exhaust interface is arranged on the air chamber;
the single battery also comprises a low-pressure safety gas injection device, wherein the outlet of the low-pressure safety gas injection device is respectively communicated with the tank body and the air chamber, the gas concentration sensors are arranged in the tank body and the air chamber, and when the gas concentration sensors detect that the concentration of flammable gas in the tank body/the air chamber exceeds a preset threshold value, the low-pressure safety gas injection device injects low-pressure safety gas into the tank body/the air chamber so as to discharge the flammable gas in the tank body/the air chamber;
and a control switch is arranged at the output end of the battery pack.
Further, each battery pack is provided with a battery management system BMS, each single battery is connected with an electric single-pole double-throw switch in series, the control end of the electric single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the BMS, the movable end of the electric single-pole double-throw switch is used for connecting another single battery, one contact of the movable end is connected with one connecting end of the current single battery, and the other contact of the movable end is connected with the other connecting end of the current single battery through a wire.
Further, the tank body is formed by field welding;
and/or a drain pipe is pre-buried at the bottom of the tank body, and a valve is arranged on the drain pipe;
and/or the top end of the tank body is embedded with a shell fastener.
Further, the surface of the tank body is coated with an anti-corrosion insulating material;
and/or the inner wall of the tank body is provided with a plastic material;
and/or a sealing ring mounting groove is arranged at the top sealing surface of the tank body.
Further, the top cover is provided with a lifting point, an electrode and binding post mounting hole and an exhaust liquid injection hole.
Further, the electrode comprises a conductive framework and an active material layer arranged on the surface of the conductive framework;
and/or the separator comprises a separation frame, a diaphragm arranged on the separation frame, and a protective layer arranged on the diaphragm.
Further, a battery capacity monitoring device is arranged on the single battery;
and/or the single battery is provided with a current meter, a voltage meter, a temperature meter and an electrolyte liquid level meter.
On the other hand, the control method of the ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system is provided, each single battery is provided with a Safety Monitoring and Capacity Analysis Device (SMCAD), and the control method of the SMCAD on the single battery comprises the following steps:
step 10: setting the initial capacity of a single battery;
step 11: correcting the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery;
step 12: performing single battery switching operation;
step 13: judging the on-off state of the single battery, if the single battery is off, turning to the step 11, and if the single battery is on, executing the next step;
step 14: updating the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery;
each battery pack is provided with a battery management system BMS, and the control method of the BMS on the battery packs comprises the following steps:
step 20: selecting a single battery to be operated according to the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery after the SMCAD correction;
step 21: configuring the switching state of single batteries in the battery pack;
step 22: checking the switching state of the single batteries in the battery pack, if the single batteries are wrong, turning to the step 21, and if the single batteries are correct, executing the next step;
step 23: starting a battery switch and a rectifier/inverter connected with an output end of the battery;
step 24: and recording the charge and discharge quantity of the battery pack.
Further, the step 12 is further: performing single battery switching operation according to the switching state of single batteries in the battery pack configured by the BMS;
the step 14 is further: and updating the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery according to the battery pack charge and discharge capacity recorded by the BMS.
Further, the control method of the SMCAD to the single battery further includes:
step 15: issuing a battery cell abnormality/schedule application to the BMS;
the control method of the BMS to the battery pack further comprises the following steps:
step 25: and according to the single battery abnormality/scheduling application sent by the SMCAD, disabling a battery switch and a rectifier/inverter connected with the output end of the battery.
The embodiment of the invention deconstructs the single battery of the energy storage battery (such as a lead-acid battery, an iron-nickel battery, a manganese-zinc battery and the like) with mature supply chain, wide material source and simple processing technology into the structures of a shell, an electrode, a baffle plate, an electrolyte, a control module, a safety module and the like, adopts the ways of component delivery, field assembly, field maintenance and the like, combines with the intelligent scheduling control strategy of the single battery, and forms an engineering energy storage battery solution with large battery capacity, sufficient electrode material supply, high recycling rate, safe operation and maintenance and low comprehensive cost. The ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of low cost and high safety.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a single cell in an ultra-large capacity engineered battery energy storage system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connections of the super-capacity engineered battery energy storage system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a control method of the super-capacity engineering battery energy storage system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system, as shown in fig. 1-2, including at least one battery pack 1, where the battery pack 1 includes a plurality of unit batteries 10 connected in series, the unit batteries 10 are batteries such as lead-acid batteries, iron-nickel batteries or manganese-zinc batteries, and the unit batteries 10 include a battery body 11 and a top cover 12 with a sealing cover disposed on the battery body 11, and the top cover is provided with:
electrolyte (electrolyte) is arranged in the cell body 11;
an electrode 13 and a partition plate 14 are arranged below the top cover 12 in a plugging manner, a binding post 18 and a one-way isolation safety valve (not shown) are arranged on the top cover 12, and when the gas pressure in the tank 11 exceeds a preset threshold value, the one-way isolation safety valve is automatically opened;
the single battery 10 further comprises a flammable gas collecting and discharging device, the flammable gas collecting and discharging device comprises an air chamber 15 arranged above the top cover 12, an inlet of the air chamber 15 is connected with a one-way isolation safety valve through a pipeline, and an exhaust interface 151 is arranged on the air chamber 15;
the unit cell 10 further includes a low-pressure safety gas injection device (not shown), the outlets of the low-pressure safety gas injection device are respectively connected to the cell body 11 and the gas chamber 15, gas concentration sensors (not shown) are respectively disposed in the cell body 11 and the gas chamber 15, and when the gas concentration sensors detect that the concentration of flammable gas in the cell body 11/the gas chamber 15 exceeds a preset threshold (the preset threshold is obviously different from the preset threshold), the low-pressure safety gas injection device injects the low-pressure safety gas into the cell body 11/the gas chamber 15 to discharge the flammable gas in the cell body 11/the gas chamber 15.
The term ultra-large capacity as used herein means that the 10-hour discharge capacity of a single battery exceeds 10000Ah.
The super-capacity engineering battery energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The material sources are rich: the invention adopts the battery technologies of lead-acid batteries, iron-nickel batteries, manganese-zinc batteries and the like to provide a super-capacity engineering solution, and the raw materials of electrodes and electrolyte are rich. The structural design of the invention disassembles the battery with power deficiency caused by long-term use on site in a mode of on-site disassembly and assembly electrode maintenance, and can reform and activate the defective electrode by using a repair method such as strong electric pulse, high-voltage shaping and the like, thereby realizing the cyclic utilization of active materials, prolonging the service life of the electrode and further reducing the comprehensive cost of the whole service life of the battery.
2) The safety is greatly improved: the invention provides a flammable gas collecting and discharging device and a low-pressure safety gas injection device. When the pressure of inflammable gas in the battery is higher, a one-way isolation safety valve arranged on the exhaust side of the top cover is automatically opened, the inflammable gas is discharged into a gas chamber of an inflammable gas collecting and discharging device, and then is collected through a pipeline and is discharged after treatment; when the concentration of combustible gas in the battery and the gas chamber exceeds a safety threshold, which is monitored periodically or during daily operation, the dangerous gas in the battery and the gas chamber is replaced by low-pressure safety gas (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and the like) so as to avoid spontaneous combustion risk.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention solves the problems of low cycle times, easy occurrence of electrode deformation, electrode passivation and the like, but the single battery of the energy storage battery (such as a lead-acid battery, an iron-nickel battery, a manganese-zinc battery and the like) with mature supply chain, wide material source and simple processing technology is deconstructed into a shell, an electrode, a baffle plate, an electrolyte, a control module, a safety module and the like, and adopts the ways of component delivery, field assembly, field maintenance and the like to combine with the intelligent scheduling control strategy of the single battery to form an engineering energy storage battery solution with large battery capacity, sufficient electrode material supply, high recycling rate, safe operation and maintenance and low comprehensive cost. The ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of low cost and high safety.
As shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, each battery pack 1 is provided with a battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS), each single battery 10 (XB 01, XB02 … … XBn in the figure) is connected in series with an electric single pole double throw switch (QS 01, QS02 … … QSn in the figure), a control end of the electric single pole double throw switch is connected to the BMS, a movable end of the electric single pole double throw switch is used for connecting another single battery, one contact of the stationary end is connected to one connection end of the current single battery, and the other contact of the stationary end is connected to the other connection end of the current single battery through a wire, so that the current single battery 10 can be selectively used or not used by switching the electric single pole double throw switch. In fig. 2, A, B, C is the ac side of the energy storage system rectifier/inverter.
All the single batteries 10 are provided with an electric single-pole double-throw switch QS, so that the mode switching of operation discharging and stopping charging in the charging and discharging process of any battery unit is realized. The maximum working current of the electric single-pole double-throw switch can meet the requirement of the maximum working current of the battery pack, and the electric single-pole double-throw switch can select an isolation disconnecting link without working current switching-on and switching-off capability so as to reduce the system cost.
In this way, the single batteries 10 are connected in series, so that the risk of circulation among the batteries is effectively avoided, hidden danger is simply eliminated, the influence on the long-term reliability of the system is minimum, and the cost is low; the performance of the single cell 10 can be utilized to a great extent. The embodiment of the invention enhances the battery capacity monitoring, can suspend the operation of the abnormal single battery at any time without affecting the whole operation of the energy storage unit (battery pack), and can improve the safety by setting more severe system safety setting parameters.
Casing of single battery
In the embodiment of the invention, the housing of the single battery 10 comprises two major parts, namely a (large-size) battery body 11 and a top cover 12. For easy understanding, if no special description is given, the scheme is only shown by taking the ultra-large capacity lead-acid battery as an example, and other types of batteries can also be applied in large capacity according to the concept.
In order to meet the space requirements of large capacity and field manual maintenance of the engineering battery, the tank body 11 can be formed by field welding, a drain pipe and a valve are embedded in the bottom, and a shell fastener is embedded in the top; one side is provided with a liquid level observation window 16, all surfaces are coated with anti-corrosion insulating and heat insulating materials, a layer of plastic materials can be arranged on the inner wall if necessary, and a sealing ring mounting groove is reserved on the top sealing surface for mounting a sealing ring 19. In order to reduce the cost, a multi-tank combined design and manufacture scheme can be adopted in large-scale application.
The top cover 12 of the single battery 10 is mainly used for fixing the electrode 13, sealing the battery liquid, installing the flammable gas safety isolation/replacement device and the like. The top cover 12 can be made of metal/nonmetal materials with enough mechanical strength, a lifting point 121 convenient to disassemble and assemble is preset, and electrode and binding post mounting holes, exhaust liquid injection holes and the like are reserved. The top cover 12 is mounted after the electrode 13, the separator 14, and the post 18 are assembled. The gas chamber 15 of the inflammable gas collecting and discharging device can be arranged at one end of the top cover 12, and the replacement gas interface 17 (namely, the outlet connection of the low-pressure safety gas injection device can also be used as an electrolyte supplementing interface) can be arranged at the other end of the top cover 12, so that the internal pressure of the battery can be controlled, the gas generated in the charging and discharging process can be discharged, and the external air can be isolated. Meanwhile, the mounting hole of the air chamber can be used as an injection port of electrolyte during the first installation, and the lower end of the air chamber can be considered to be provided with an electrolyte supplementing valve for maintaining and adjusting the liquid level in the stage. In fig. 1, 122 is a temperature measurement harness interface.
Unlike available battery package, the present invention has the battery casing split into the tank body 11 and the top cover 12, and the tank body 11 may be one-piece, detachable, assembled, etc. to raise the maintenance convenience of the battery parts.
Electrode of single battery
The electrode (plate) 13 material of the single cell 10 mainly comprises a conductive skeleton and active material layers (Pb, pbO) 2 Etc.). Considering the dead weight of the electrode 13 and other factors, the conductive framework structure should be relatively stable, and the mechanical strength can be improved by thickening, and the conductive performance of the battery can be improved. The conductive backbone and the post 18 should be integrally formed and have a design that facilitates a sealed installation. The active material layer of the unit cell 10 may be properly thickened, and materials (antimony, tin, etc.) that are advantageous for enhancing the conductivity (carbon black, etc.) and the structural stability of the active layer may be incorporated into the active material, and in order to increase the capacity of the battery, the rapid charge and discharge performance may be properly sacrificed according to the characteristic curve of the energy storage battery, if necessary. The electrode 13 is hung together with the top cover 12 after being assembled by adopting a plug-in type mounting structure, and is easy to maintain and replace integrally. Satisfying the condition that the electrode 13 is damaged under the conditions of expansion, shrinkage, dendrite, passivation and the like caused by charge and dischargeThe electrode 13 is made of a material which can be reformed, activated and recycled, and the defective electrode is reformed, activated and recycled by using a repair method such as strong electric pulse, high-voltage shaping and the like.
Separator for single battery
The separator 14 of the unit cell 10 has a main function of preventing the positive and negative electrodes of the cell from being short-circuited. The separator 14 is made of recyclable materials, and the design of the separator 14 can include various pluggable schemes such as a separation frame, a diaphragm, a protection layer and the like, which are convenient to assemble, so that the separator 14 materials are prevented from being damaged in the replacement process, and the maintenance and the service life of the single battery 10 can be prolonged.
Electrolyte of single battery
The electrolyte is mainly used as a transport carrier for generating ions by the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the charge and discharge processes, so as to form an electron transmission channel. In consideration of potential loss of electrolyte in the running process of the battery, the single ultra-large-capacity engineering battery is provided with electrolyte additive supplement measures so as to ensure that the electrolyte meets running requirements at all times on indexes such as conductivity.
Safety scheme of single battery
The battery capacity monitoring devices are arranged on the single batteries 10, and the single batteries with abnormal charge and discharge are temporarily stopped in time by collecting the charge and discharge capacity and the limit capacity of the single batteries 10, so that the integral operation of the battery pack is prevented from being influenced. Meanwhile, the system safety setting parameters can be set more severely, and the safety of the battery pack is improved.
The single battery 10 can be provided with a current meter, a voltage meter, a temperature meter and an electrolyte liquid level meter at the same time, and when the current, the voltage and the temperature approach the safety threshold, an alarm is given; when the current, voltage and temperature exceed the safety threshold, the single battery 10 isolation disabling procedure is started.
The top cover 12 of the single battery 10 is provided with a one-way isolation safety valve, when the gas pressure in the battery is high, the one-way isolation safety valve is automatically opened, and redundant gas is discharged into the gas chamber 15 of the inflammable gas collecting and discharging device and is collected through a pipeline for post-treatment and discharging. Meanwhile, the concentration of flammable gas in the single battery 10 and the gas chamber 15 is monitored by adopting a mode of automatic monitoring and periodic manual inspection by a gas concentration sensor, and once the concentration exceeds a safety threshold, the flammable gas in the single battery 10 and the gas chamber 15 is discharged by injecting low-pressure safety gas (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and the like) so as to avoid the risk of spontaneous combustion.
The series circuit is adopted among the single batteries 10, so that the risk of circulating current among the batteries is avoided.
In summary, the ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system of the embodiment of the invention adopts the mode of on-site processing and installation of raw materials and components to form the ultra-large capacity battery which is convenient to update and maintain by carrying out component reconstruction on the conventional battery and giving up the factory finished product thought. The inner space of the shell of the single battery meets the engineering maintenance requirement, and the battery part can be assembled and disassembled on site. The scheme can start the regeneration path of the traditional energy storage battery (such as a lead-acid battery, an iron-nickel battery, a manganese-zinc battery and the like) with low cycle times and unstable electrode structure, but simple electrode processing technology, reduce the dependence of the large-scale energy storage system on rare raw materials such as metal lithium and the like, and reduce the comprehensive cost of the large-scale energy storage system.
On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a control method of the above ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system, as shown in fig. 3, each single battery 10 is provided with a safety monitoring and capacity analysis device (Safety monitoring and capacity analysis device, SMCAD), and the control method of the SMCAD on the single battery 10 includes:
step 10: setting the initial capacity of a single battery;
step 11: correcting the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery;
the initial battery capacity and the previous charge-discharge limit capacity can be collected in advance; basic information such as battery working current, working voltage, temperature state, battery unit switch state and the like is collected. And calculating the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the battery unit according to an intelligent algorithm, and transmitting information to the battery pack BMS for control decision through a closed-loop bus transmission system with specific rules.
Step 12: performing single battery switching operation;
step 13: judging the on-off state of the single battery, if the single battery is off, turning to the step 11, and if the single battery is on, executing the next step;
step 14: updating the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery;
in order to improve the comprehensive utilization rate, the SMCAD may be responsible for capacity management of a single cell or adjacent multiple cells according to the configured computing power.
Meanwhile, each battery pack 1 is provided with a battery management system BMS, and the control method of the BMS to the battery packs 1 comprises the following steps:
step 20: selecting a single battery to be operated according to the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery after the SMCAD correction;
step 21: configuring the switching state of single batteries in the battery pack;
step 22: checking the switching state of the single batteries in the battery pack, if the single batteries are wrong, turning to the step 21, and if the single batteries are correct, executing the next step;
step 23: starting a battery pack switch QF and a rectifier/inverter 2 connected with the output end of the battery pack;
step 24: and recording the charge and discharge quantity of the battery pack.
Preferably, the step 12 further comprises: performing single battery switching operation according to the switching state of single batteries in the battery pack configured by the BMS;
the step 14 is further: and updating the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery according to the battery pack charge and discharge capacity recorded by the BMS.
Preferably, the method for controlling the single battery by the SMCAD further comprises:
step 15: issuing a battery cell abnormality/schedule application to the BMS;
the control method of the BMS to the battery pack may further include:
step 25: and according to the single battery abnormality/scheduling application sent by the SMCAD, disabling a battery switch and a rectifier/inverter connected with the output end of the battery.
Thus, the capacity of the battery pack can be improved by about 10% under the premise of ensuring the safety of the battery through intelligent scheduling. And the safety performance of the battery pack is improved while the energy storage capacity is improved.
The super-capacity engineering battery energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention is composed of a plurality of battery packs (energy storage units), each battery pack 1 is composed of single batteries 10, and independent BMS management and independent operation are carried out in the battery packs 1, so that battery monitoring is enhanced, temporary shutdown arrangement can be carried out on single abnormal batteries, the whole operation of the battery packs is not influenced, safety setting parameters can be set more severely, and safety is improved. Meanwhile, the energy storage system (Energy Management System, EMS) performs coordinated control on the BMS, so that mutual standby among the battery packs 1 is realized. And, each unit cell 10 is equipped with an SMCAD, which is responsible for collecting information and performing logic calculation.
The battery pack BMS performs system optimization calculation according to the information of the working states, the charge and discharge residual capacities and the like of each single battery of the battery pack, and the battery pack BMS is low in the dead residual capacity and adjusts the configuration of each single battery switch QS so as to realize the effects of balancing the charge and discharge capacities and stabilizing the output fluctuation of the energy storage unit. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the emergency capability of the energy storage system, the automatic adjustment function of the battery switch is disabled instantaneously in the process of charging and discharging the battery pack or in other emergency states. Considering that each single battery switch has no load cutting-off capability, the switch configuration should be performed in the present battery pack disabling time window. The time window is determined by the respective sets of BMS, PCS (Power Conversion System, energy storage converter) and EMS in coordination to ensure overall energy storage system feasibility. After the configuration of each single battery switch is finished, logic check is set when the BMS starts the battery pack so as to ensure that the battery pack is assembled with proper quantity of batteries, so as to ensure the safety of the battery pack, a control switch QF can be set at one end (the output end) of the battery pack, and the total voltage logic check of the battery pack after the battery switch configuration ensures that the battery switch configuration has no potential safety hazard.
The embodiment of the invention adopts the mutual coordination of the ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system and the intelligent scheduling control method, fully exerts the advantages of the ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system and the intelligent scheduling control method, forms a systematic scheme and solves the bottleneck problem of large-scale development of the energy storage battery. The super-capacity engineering battery energy storage system leaving the single battery intelligent scheduling control method can not survive due to the fact that the battery performance is limited due to poor structural stability of the battery; the single battery intelligent scheduling control method leaving the ultra-large capacity engineering battery energy storage system has no application prospect due to the excessively high control cost.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The control method of the super-capacity engineering battery energy storage system is characterized in that the super-capacity engineering battery energy storage system comprises at least one battery pack, the battery pack comprises a plurality of single batteries connected in series, the single batteries are lead-acid batteries, iron-nickel batteries or manganese-zinc batteries, and the single batteries comprise a battery body and a top cover arranged on the battery body in a sealing manner, wherein:
electrolyte is arranged in the tank body, and a liquid level observation window is arranged on the side surface of the tank body;
an electrode and a partition plate are inserted and installed below the top cover, the electrode is made of materials capable of being reformed, activated and recycled, a binding post and a one-way isolation safety valve are arranged on the top cover, and when the gas pressure in the tank body exceeds a preset threshold value, the one-way isolation safety valve is automatically opened;
the single battery also comprises a flammable gas collecting and discharging device, wherein the flammable gas collecting and discharging device comprises an air chamber arranged above the top cover, an inlet of the air chamber is connected with the one-way isolation safety valve through a pipeline, and an exhaust interface is arranged on the air chamber;
the single battery also comprises a low-pressure safety gas injection device, wherein the outlet of the low-pressure safety gas injection device is respectively communicated with the tank body and the air chamber, the gas concentration sensors are arranged in the tank body and the air chamber, and when the gas concentration sensors detect that the concentration of flammable gas in the tank body/the air chamber exceeds a preset threshold value, the low-pressure safety gas injection device injects low-pressure safety gas into the tank body/the air chamber so as to discharge the flammable gas in the tank body/the air chamber;
a control switch is arranged at the output end of the battery pack;
each battery pack is provided with a battery management system BMS, each single battery is connected in series with an electric single-pole double-throw switch, the control end of the electric single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the BMS, the movable end of the electric single-pole double-throw switch is used for connecting another single battery, one contact of the movable end is connected with one connecting end of the current single battery, and the other contact of the movable end is connected with the other connecting end of the current single battery through a wire;
super-large capacity means that 10 hours discharge capacity of a single battery exceeds 10000Ah;
each single battery is provided with a Safety Monitoring and Capacity Analysis Device (SMCAD), and the control method of the SMCAD on the single battery comprises the following steps:
step 10: setting the initial capacity of a single battery;
step 11: correcting the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery;
step 12: performing single battery switching operation;
step 13: judging the on-off state of the single battery, if the single battery is off, turning to the step 11, and if the single battery is on, executing the next step;
step 14: updating the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery;
the control method of the BMS for the battery pack comprises the following steps:
step 20: selecting a single battery to be operated according to the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery after the SMCAD correction;
step 21: configuring the switching state of single batteries in the battery pack;
step 22: checking the switching state of the single batteries in the battery pack, if the single batteries are wrong, turning to the step 21, and if the single batteries are correct, executing the next step;
step 23: starting a battery switch and a rectifier/inverter connected with an output end of the battery;
step 24: and recording the charge and discharge quantity of the battery pack.
2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the tank body is formed by welding in situ;
and/or a drain pipe is pre-buried at the bottom of the tank body, and a valve is arranged on the drain pipe;
and/or the top end of the tank body is embedded with a shell fastener.
3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the tank body is coated with an anti-corrosion insulating material;
and/or the inner wall of the tank body is provided with a plastic material;
and/or a sealing ring mounting groove is arranged at the top sealing surface of the tank body.
4. The control method of claim 1, wherein the top cover is provided with lifting points, electrode and terminal mounting holes, and exhaust and liquid injection holes.
5. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode includes a conductive skeleton and an active material layer provided on a surface of the conductive skeleton;
and/or the separator comprises a separation frame, a diaphragm arranged on the separation frame, and a protective layer arranged on the diaphragm.
6. The control method according to claim 1, wherein a battery capacity monitoring device is provided on the single battery;
and/or the single battery is provided with a current meter, a voltage meter, a temperature meter and an electrolyte liquid level meter.
7. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the step 12 is further: performing single battery switching operation according to the switching state of single batteries in the battery pack configured by the BMS;
the step 14 is further: and updating the chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the single battery according to the battery pack charge and discharge capacity recorded by the BMS.
8. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the SMCAD control method for a single battery further comprises:
step 15: issuing a battery cell abnormality/schedule application to the BMS;
the control method of the BMS to the battery pack further comprises the following steps:
step 25: and according to the single battery abnormality/scheduling application sent by the SMCAD, disabling a battery switch and a rectifier/inverter connected with the output end of the battery.
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