CN115406567A - Self-powered stress monitoring system - Google Patents
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- CN115406567A CN115406567A CN202210933083.4A CN202210933083A CN115406567A CN 115406567 A CN115406567 A CN 115406567A CN 202210933083 A CN202210933083 A CN 202210933083A CN 115406567 A CN115406567 A CN 115406567A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-powered stress monitoring system, which comprises: the sensor acquisition module comprises an acquirer and at least one first piezoelectric energy harvesting module; the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module is arranged between the corresponding connecting piece and the track beam/upright column in a pressing mode and used for generating first electric energy matched with the vibration intensity of the installation position of the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module, and the acquisition instrument generates a corresponding digital quantity pressure value based on the voltage value of the first electric energy; the communication module is used for sending the digital quantity pressure value to a user; an energy harvesting module comprising at least one second piezoelectric energy harvesting module; the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module is arranged between the corresponding connecting piece and the track beam/upright column in a pressing mode; and the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module is used for generating second electric energy matched with the vibration intensity of the installation position of the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module and providing the second electric energy to the acquisition instrument and the communication module as working electric energy. The invention can monitor the stress condition of the magnetic suspension track connecting piece in real time and realize self power supply by utilizing the energy generated by the vibration of the track beam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a self-powered stress monitoring system.
Background
Normally conducting magnetic levitation is a suction levitation system, as shown in fig. 1, in which a magnetic levitation train is levitated by the interaction between an electromagnet 6 mounted on a levitation frame 5 and a stator core 4 mounted on a track beam 1. When the train is suspended, a gap of 8-10mm is dynamically kept between the suspension bracket 5 and the track beam 1.
The in-warehouse track structure of the maglev train comprises a track beam and an upright post, and as shown in figure 2, the track beam 1 is erected on the upright post 3. In order to meet the maintenance requirements, the track beam 1 is usually of a steel structure shaped like a Chinese character ri. The track beam in the maglev garage is used as an assembling and maintaining platform of a maglev train, and in order to ensure the surface level of the track beam, a cushion block is used between the track beam 1 and the upright post 3 under some conditions so as to adjust the elevation of the track beam 1. As shown in fig. 2 at the dashed frame, the track beam 1 and the upright 3 are integrally and fixedly connected by a connecting member (e.g., a connecting bolt 2).
When the maglev train can cause the track beam 1 to vibrate in the processes of static suspension and low-speed movement, the bolts 2 can bear large alternating force to cause the problems of fracture, looseness and the like, and the safety of the train and the track structure in the warehouse is influenced. It is therefore necessary to monitor the stress conditions of the bolt 2.
Traditional bolt atress monitoring utilizes the foil gage to monitor bolt axial force usually, specifically can adopt two kinds of modes: 1) And implanting a strain gauge into the bolt rod, driving the strain gauge to deform when the bolt deforms, so as to change the resistance of the strain gauge, and calculating the axial force of the bolt by detecting the change of the resistance. This method requires some damage to the bolt which can affect the strength of the bolt. 2) The annular pressure sensor is manufactured into a gasket-like annular pressure sensor by using a strain gauge, and the pressure sensor is pressed on the connected component through a bolt. Such sensors are relatively thick and require the re-customization of longer bolts with screws. In addition, the method cannot avoid the influence of the pretightening force when monitoring the stress of the bolt, the existence of the pretightening force needs a large range of the strain gauge, and meanwhile certain sensitivity and precision can be sacrificed.
Another commonly used method for detecting bolt stress is an ultrasonic method, which is to monitor bolt stress by using the relationship between wave velocity and stress. Although the method can avoid the influence of the pretightening force, the ultrasonic method is an active detection method, needs excitation equipment to send out sound waves and then recovers the sound waves, and is inconvenient to install.
Whether strain gauges or ultrasonic waves are adopted, field power supply problems need to be considered when the equipment is arranged and installed. The direct power supply of the power supply causes certain limitation to the arrangement, and the battery power supply needs to be checked and replaced regularly. Meanwhile, long-term uninterrupted power supply also needs a lot of energy.
At present, energy is in high order, the creation of a green low-carbon traffic system is a future development target, and the low-carbon energy conservation of a traffic infrastructure maintenance system is also a part of the green traffic system. How to construct a set of atress monitoring system from power supply system for the atress condition of the connecting piece of monitoring magnetic levitation track mechanism, and do not produce destruction, need not purchase the connecting piece again to the connecting piece, satisfy simple to operate's demand simultaneously, be the problem that needs solve at present urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-powered stress monitoring system which can monitor the stress condition of a connecting piece of a magnetic-levitation train track mechanism in real time in all weather, and simultaneously ensures that the stress monitoring system is self-powered without an external power supply by recovering the vibration energy of the track mechanism and converting the vibration energy into the working electric energy of the stress monitoring system. The invention does not need to change the prior track mechanism, is convenient and small, is convenient to install and does not influence the normal work of the track mechanism.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a self-powered stress monitoring system, wherein a plurality of connecting members are used to fixedly connect a track beam and an upright post of a track structure in a maglev train warehouse, the monitoring system is used to monitor the stress condition of the connecting members when the track beam vibrates, and the stress monitoring system comprises:
the sensing acquisition module comprises an acquisition instrument and at least one first piezoelectric energy harvesting module; the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module is arranged between the corresponding connecting piece and the track beam or between the corresponding connecting piece and the upright post in a pressing mode; the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module is used for generating first electric energy matched with the vibration intensity of the installation position of the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module, and the acquisition instrument generates a corresponding digital quantity pressure value based on the voltage value of the first electric energy;
the communication module is used for sending the digital quantity pressure value to a user;
an energy harvesting module comprising at least one second piezoelectric energy harvesting module; the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module is arranged between the corresponding connecting piece and the track beam or between the corresponding connecting piece and the upright post in a pressing mode; the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module is used for generating second electric energy matched with the vibration intensity of the installation position of the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module and providing the second electric energy to the acquisition instrument and the communication module to serve as working electric energy.
Optionally, the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module includes a first spacer, a second spacer and at least one first piezoelectric vibrator; the first piezoelectric vibrator comprises a first copper plate and a first piezoelectric sheet; the first piezoelectric patch is arranged between the first gasket and the first copper plate, the first copper plate is arranged between the first piezoelectric patch and the second gasket, and the second gasket is arranged between the first copper plate and the track beam/upright post; the first piezoelectric vibrator is provided with a first pole and a second pole and is used for providing the first electric energy for the acquisition instrument.
Optionally, the first gasket and the second gasket have annular structures and are concentric with the central axis, and the outer diameter of the first gasket is smaller than that of the second gasket; the first piezoelectric vibrator is of a straight-line structure, and the first end of the first copper plate extends outwards from the outer edge of the first gasket; the first piezoelectric sheet does not extend outwards from the outer edge of the first gasket; the first pole of the first piezoelectric vibrator is arranged on the first copper plate and is positioned outside the first gasket; the second pole of the first piezoelectric vibrator falls on the first piezoelectric sheet; the first gasket is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the first piezoelectric sheet in position and used for leading out a lead electrically connected with the second pole of the first piezoelectric vibrator.
Optionally, the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module includes a third spacer, a fourth spacer and at least one second piezoelectric vibrator; the second piezoelectric vibrator comprises a second copper plate and a second piezoelectric sheet; the second piezoelectric sheet is arranged between the third gasket and the second copper plate, the second copper plate is arranged between the second piezoelectric sheet and the fourth gasket, and the fourth gasket is arranged between the second copper plate and the track beam/upright; the second piezoelectric vibrator has a first pole and a second pole and outputs electric energy generated by the second piezoelectric vibrator.
Optionally, the third gasket and the fourth gasket have annular structures and are concentric with the central axis, and the outer diameter of the third gasket is smaller than that of the fourth gasket; the second piezoelectric vibrator is of a straight-line structure, and the first end of the second copper plate extends outwards from the outer edge of the third gasket; the second piezoelectric sheet does not extend outwards from the outer edge of the third gasket; the first pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator is arranged on the second copper plate and is positioned outside the third gasket; the second pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator falls on the second piezoelectric sheet; the third gasket is provided with a second through hole corresponding to the second piezoelectric sheet in position and used for leading out a lead electrically connected with a second pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator.
Optionally, the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module includes a plurality of second piezoelectric vibrators, the plurality of second piezoelectric vibrators are uniformly distributed along a circumferential direction of the fourth gasket, and a length direction of the second piezoelectric vibrators is a radial direction of the fourth gasket; and a plurality of second piezoelectric vibrators of the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module are connected in series or in parallel to output the second electric energy.
Optionally, the energy collection module further includes a plurality of rectification-filtering modules, and the rectification-filtering modules respectively convert the ac electric energy output by the plurality of second piezoelectric energy harvesting modules into corresponding dc electric energy; in the energy acquisition module, part of the second piezoelectric energy harvesting modules and the corresponding rectifying and filtering modules form a first circuit together; the output ends of a plurality of rectifying-filtering modules in the first circuit are connected in series; and the other second piezoelectric energy harvesting modules and the corresponding rectifying-filtering modules jointly form a second circuit, and the output ends of a plurality of rectifying-filtering modules in the second circuit are connected in parallel.
Optionally, the self-powered stress monitoring system further includes an electric power control module and an energy storage module; the power control module is electrically connected with the output end of the first circuit, the output end of the second circuit and the energy storage module; if the output voltage of the first circuit is within the set threshold range, selecting the first circuit to supply power to the energy storage module through the power control module; if the output voltage of the first circuit is out of the threshold range and the output voltage of the second circuit is within the threshold range, selecting the second circuit to supply power to the energy storage module through the power control module; otherwise, the first circuit and the second circuit are not electrically connected with the energy storage module; the energy storage module is used for providing working electric energy for the acquisition instrument, the electric power control module and the communication module.
Optionally, the self-powered stress monitoring system further includes first to fourth dc-dc conversion modules; the first direct current-direct current conversion module is electrically connected between the power control module and the energy storage module and is used for converting the output voltage of the energy acquisition module into the standard charging voltage of the energy storage module; the second direct current-direct current conversion module is electrically connected between the energy storage module and the communication module and is used for converting the output voltage of the energy storage module into the standard working voltage of the communication module; the third direct current-direct current conversion module is electrically connected between the energy storage module and the data acquisition instrument and used for converting the output voltage of the energy storage module into the standard working voltage of the data acquisition instrument; the fourth dc-dc conversion module is electrically connected between the energy storage module and the power control module, and is configured to convert an output voltage of the energy storage module to a standard operating voltage of the power control module.
Optionally, a plurality of cushion blocks are arranged between the track beam and the upright post; at least one first piezoelectric energy harvesting module is arranged between the track beam and the cushion block, between the upright post and the cushion block, and/or at least one second piezoelectric energy harvesting module is arranged between the track beam and the cushion block, and between the upright post and the cushion block.
Compared with the prior art, the self-powered stress monitoring system has the following beneficial effects:
1) According to the invention, the first piezoelectric sheet and the second piezoelectric sheet are made of piezoelectric materials and can generate first electric energy and second electric energy which are matched with the vibration intensity of the track beam at the installation positions of the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module and the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module, the acquisition instrument obtains the stress condition of the connecting piece based on the first electric energy, and the acquisition instrument and the communication module obtain working electricity through the second electric energy. The invention has real and accurate monitoring result and is not influenced by the outside. The system fully utilizes the originally dissipated vibration energy to provide working power for the system, realizes self power supply of the system, enables the system to work for a long time in all weather, and is more green and intensive; meanwhile, the invention avoids the problems of installation and replacement caused by additionally configuring a working power supply, and reduces the workload of system maintenance.
2) The invention does not need to change the structure of the original connecting piece and does not need additional excitation equipment. The first piezoelectric energy harvesting module and the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module are not influenced by pretightening force, have good frequency characteristics, are suitable for dynamic measurement, and have low requirements on installation space.
3) The invention is convenient for leading out the leads connected with the two poles of the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module and the two poles of the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module, does not need to change the original track structure in the magnetic suspension storage, is convenient for system arrangement and wiring, and has high system freedom degree, convenient installation and wide application range.
4) According to the invention, the first circuit, the second circuit and the power control module are matched to output safe voltage to the energy storage module, so that frequent charging to the energy storage module is prevented, the output voltage of the first circuit and the second circuit is prevented from being too high, the service life of the energy storage module is prolonged, and the system safety is ensured.
5) According to the invention, the first to fourth direct current-direct current conversion modules are used for respectively providing the standard charging voltage for the energy storage module and the standard working voltage for the communication module, the acquisition instrument and the power control module, so that the system safety is further ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are an embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts according to the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the levitation of a magnetic-levitation train;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a track structure in a magnetic levitation garage;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a self-powered stress monitoring system according to an embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement positions of a first piezoelectric energy harvesting module and a second piezoelectric energy harvesting module in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a side view of a first piezoelectric energy harvesting module of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first piezoelectric energy harvesting module provided with a first piezoelectric vibrator;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a first piezoelectric energy harvesting module provided with two first piezoelectric vibrators;
FIG. 8 is a side view of a second piezoelectric energy harvesting module of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of second piezoelectric vibrators of a second piezoelectric energy harvesting module connected in series in one embodiment;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of second piezoelectric vibrators of a second piezoelectric energy harvesting module connected in parallel in one embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a first circuit in one embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a second circuit schematic in one embodiment;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the power control module controlling the first circuit and the second circuit to supply power to the energy storage module;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the power control module of the present invention connected to the first circuit, the second circuit, and the energy storage module.
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a force monitoring system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the present application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the specification of the present application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items and includes such combinations.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted contextually as "when", "upon" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection". Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted contextually to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detecting [ described condition or event ]".
In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
When the maglev train can cause the track beam to vibrate in the static suspension and low-speed moving processes, the connecting piece between the track beam and the upright post can bear larger alternating force to cause the problems of fracture, looseness and the like, and the safety of the track structure in the train and the maglev warehouse is influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the stress condition of the bolt.
The existing bolt stress monitoring device usually needs to change a bolt structure or needs additional excitation equipment, and meanwhile, a special working power supply needs to be configured to supply power to the monitoring device, so that the economic cost of the monitoring system is increased, the installation and wiring difficulty of the monitoring system is increased, the working power supply needs to be replaced regularly, and the maintenance cost is greatly increased.
The self-powered stress monitoring system is not required to change the existing forms of a track structure and a connecting piece in a magnetic suspension warehouse, can obtain the stress of a bolt based on the vibration strength of a track beam under the condition of no external excitation and working power supply, and can convert the vibration energy of the track beam into the working electric energy of a system to realize self-powering of the system. The problem of installation and replacement caused by a system working power supply can be avoided, the maintenance amount of a monitoring system is reduced, energy can be saved, and the current green intensive concept is met.
Example one
The invention provides a self-powered stress monitoring system, which is used for monitoring the stress condition of a connecting piece when a track beam vibrates, and as shown in figure 3, the stress monitoring system comprises: the system comprises a sensing acquisition module 10, a communication module 30, an energy acquisition module 20, an electric power control module 40 and an energy storage module 50.
The sensing acquisition module 10 includes an acquirer 110 and at least one first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100. As shown in fig. 4, in some cases, a plurality of spacers 7 are further provided between the track beam 1 and the columns 3 in order to adjust the elevation of the track beam 1. The rail beam 1, the cushion block 7 and the upright post 3 are fixedly connected through the integration of connecting pieces. The connecting piece in this embodiment is a bolt, and includes a screw 27, and a first head 26 and a second head 28 respectively located at two ends of the screw, where the first head 26 is used for pressing the track beam 1, and the second head 28 is used for pressing the upright 3. In an embodiment of the invention, the first head 26 may be a bolt head and the second head 28 may be a nut; or the first head 26 is a nut and the second head 28 is a bolt head. Two bolts are shown in fig. 4, which is by way of example only and not as a limitation of the present invention.
The first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100 is sleeved on the corresponding screw 27 and is pressed between the first head 26 and the track beam 1 through the corresponding first head 26, or is pressed between the second head 28 and the upright 3 through the corresponding second head 28. Or the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100 is sleeved on the corresponding screw 27 and is tightly pressed between the track beam 1 and the cushion block 7, or is tightly pressed between the upright post 3 and the cushion block 7. In fig. 4, 2 first piezoelectric energy harvesting modules 100 are shown, which are only by way of example and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100 is configured to generate a first electrical energy matching a vibration strength of a location where the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module is installed. The acquisition instrument 110 generates a corresponding digital value pressure value based on the voltage value of the first electric energy, and the stress condition of the bolt in the axial direction of the bolt is reflected through the digital value pressure value. As shown in fig. 3, the communication module 30 is in signal connection with the collecting instrument 110, and is configured to send the digital pressure value output by the collecting instrument 110 to a user. The communication module 30 in the present embodiment has a wireless communication function.
As shown in fig. 5, the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100 includes: a first shim 101, a second shim 104, and at least one first piezoelectric vibrator 105. In this embodiment, the first gasket 101 and the second gasket 104 have an annular structure and are concentric with each other, the inner diameter of the first gasket 101 is equal to the inner diameter of the second gasket 104, and the outer diameter of the first gasket 101 is smaller than the outer diameter of the second gasket 104. The first piezoelectric vibrator 105 includes: a first copper plate 103 and a first piezoelectric sheet 102. The first piezoelectric sheet 102 is disposed between the first spacer 101 and the first copper plate 103, and the first copper plate 103 is disposed between the first piezoelectric sheet 102 and the second spacer 104. When the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100 is mounted between the first head 26 and the rail beam 1, the first pad 101 is in contact with the first head 26 and the second pad 104 is in contact with the rail beam. When the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100 is mounted between the second head 28 and the column 3, the first spacer 101 is in contact with the second head 28 and the second spacer 104 is in contact with the column. When the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100 is installed between the spacer 7 and the rail beam 1/pillar 3, the first spacer 101 contacts the spacer 7.
The first piezoelectric sheet 102 is made of a piezoelectric material, and when the piezoelectric material deforms due to an external force, an induced charge is generated on the surface of the piezoelectric material, so that a potential difference is generated, which is a forward piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material. Because the generated electric charge is related to stress, the characteristic can not only convert vibration energy into electric energy, but also be used as a basis for measuring the stress of the bolt. The first piezoelectric plate 102 is thin and small in volume, does not need external excitation, has good frequency characteristics, is suitable for measuring dynamic force, and cannot be influenced by pretightening force.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the first piezoelectric vibrator 105 has a linear structure, and the longitudinal direction thereof is the radial direction of the first spacer 101. A first end of the first copper plate 103 and a first end of the first piezoelectric sheet 102 correspond to the outer edge of the first spacer 101. As shown in fig. 5, the second end of the first copper plate 103 and the second end of the first piezoelectric sheet 102 correspond to the inner edge of the first spacer 101, and do not protrude inward from the inner edge of the first spacer 101, so that the first piezoelectric vibrator 105 does not interfere with the screw 27. As shown in fig. 5, the first end of the first copper plate 103 projects outwardly from the outer edge of the first shim 101 to between the outer edge of the first shim 101 and the outer edge of the second shim 104. The first end of the first piezoelectric patch 102 does not extend outwardly from the outer edge of the first spacer 101.
The first piezoelectric vibrator 105 has a first pole and a second pole for outputting electric energy generated by the first piezoelectric vibrator 105. As shown in fig. 5, the first pole of the first piezoelectric vibrator 105 is dropped on the first copper plate 103 and outside the first shim 101, so that the lead wire 106 soldered to the first pole of the first piezoelectric vibrator 105 does not interfere with the first piezoelectric piece 102. The second pole of the first piezoelectric vibrator 105 is located on the first piezoelectric piece 102, and the first spacer 101 is provided with a first through hole 107 corresponding to the first piezoelectric piece 102 in position for leading out a lead wire 108 soldered to the second pole of the first piezoelectric vibrator 105. When the first piezoelectric vibrator 105 of the invention leads out the leads of two poles, the welding points of the leads are not interfered with the bolts, the track beam 1 and the upright post 3, the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100 is convenient to arrange, and the existing magnetic suspension track structure is not required to be changed.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100 has a first piezoelectric vibrator 105, a in fig. 6 0 、b 0 Showing the connection points of the first and second poles of the first piezoelectric vibrator 105 to the acquisition instrument 110. The collecting instrument 110 is electrically connected with the contact point a 0 、b 0 The output voltage of the first piezoelectric vibrator 105 is obtained to generate a corresponding digital quantity pressure value.
The first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100 may have a plurality of first piezoelectric vibrators 105, and the acquirer 110 obtains a stress condition of the bolt by calculating an average value of output voltages of the plurality of first piezoelectric vibrators 105. In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module 100 has two symmetrically arranged first piezoelectric vibrators 105a, 105b, a in fig. 7 1 、b 1 Showing the connection points of the first and second poles of the first piezoelectric vibrator 105a with the collector 110, the collector 110 being electrically connected to the connection points a 1 、b 1 The output voltage of the first piezoelectric vibrator 105a is acquired. a is a 2 、b 2 Showing the connection points of the first and second poles of the first piezoelectric vibrator 105b to the pickup 110. The collecting instrument 110 is electrically connected with the a 2 、b 2 The output voltage of the first piezoelectric vibrator 105b is acquired. The collector 110 generates a corresponding digital pressure value based on an average value of the output voltages of the first piezoelectric vibrator 105a and the first piezoelectric vibrator 105 b.
As shown in fig. 3, the energy harvesting module 20 in this embodiment comprises a plurality of second piezoelectric energy harvesting modules 200. The second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 is configured to generate a second electric energy matching the vibration intensity of the place where the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module is installed, and provide the second electric energy to the harvester 110 and the communication module 30 as an operating electric energy.
As shown in fig. 4, the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 is sleeved on the corresponding screw 27, and is pressed between the first head 26 and the track beam 1 through the corresponding first head 26, or is pressed between the second head 28 and the upright 3 through the corresponding second head 28. Or the second piezoelectric energy capturing module 200 is sleeved on the corresponding screw 27 and is tightly pressed between the track beam 1/the upright post 3 and the cushion block 7. In fig. 4, 4 second piezoelectric energy harvesting modules 200 are shown, which are by way of example only and are not limiting of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 8, the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 includes: a third pad 201, a fourth pad 204, and at least one second piezoelectric vibrator 205. In this embodiment, the third gasket 201 and the fourth gasket 204 have annular structures and are concentric with a central axis, an inner diameter of the third gasket 201 is equal to an inner diameter of the fourth gasket 204, and an outer diameter of the third gasket 201 is smaller than an outer diameter of the fourth gasket 204. The second piezoelectric vibrator 205 includes: a second copper plate 203 and a second piezoelectric sheet 202. The second piezoelectric plate 202 is made of a piezoelectric material and is disposed between the third spacer 201 and the second copper plate 203, and the second copper plate 203 is disposed between the second piezoelectric plate 202 and the fourth spacer 204. When the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 is mounted between the first head 26 and the rail beam 1, the third pad 201 is in contact with the first head 26, and the fourth pad 204 is in contact with the rail beam 1. When the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 is mounted between the second head 28 and the column 3, the third pad 201 is in contact with the second head 28 and the fourth pad 204 is in contact with the column 3. When the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 is installed between the spacer 7 and the rail beam 1/stud 3, the second spacer 204 contacts the spacer 7.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the second piezoelectric vibrator 205 has a linear structure, and the longitudinal direction thereof is the radial direction of the third spacer 201. As shown in fig. 8, the first end of the second copper plate 203 and the first end of the second piezoelectric sheet 202 correspond to the outer edge of the third shim 201. The second end of the second copper plate 203 and the second end of the second piezoelectric sheet 202 correspond to the inner edge of the first gasket 201, and do not protrude inwards from the inner edge of the first gasket 201, so that the second piezoelectric vibrator 205 does not interfere with the screw 27. The first end of the second copper plate 203 projects outwardly from the outer edge of the third shim 201 between the outer edge of the third shim 201 and the outer edge of the fourth shim 204. The first end of the second piezoelectric sheet 202 does not extend outwardly from the outer edge of the third gasket 201.
The second piezoelectric vibrator 205 has a first pole and a second pole, and outputs electric energy generated by the second piezoelectric vibrator 205. As shown in fig. 8, the first pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator 205 is dropped on the second copper plate 203 and outside the third shim 201, so that the lead wire 206 soldered to the first pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator 205 does not interfere with the second piezoelectric plate 202. The second pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator 205 is located on the second piezoelectric sheet 202, and the third spacer 201 is provided with a second through hole 207 corresponding to the second piezoelectric sheet 202 in position for leading out a lead 208 welded to the second pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator 205. When the wires of the two poles are led out of the second piezoelectric vibrator 205, the welding points of the wires are not interfered with the bolts, the track beam 1 and the upright post 3, so that the second piezoelectric vibrator 205 is convenient to arrange and the conventional magnetic suspension track structure is not required to be changed.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 has 8 (the specific number is only an example and not a limitation of the present invention) second piezoelectric vibrators
8 second piezoelectric vibrators
Arranged in a sequence counterclockwise in the circumferential direction of the fourth gasket 204. In this embodiment, 8 second piezoelectric vibrators
Are connected in series. As shown in fig. 9, the second electrical energy generated by the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 is output through the contacts a and b. The first pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator 205a is electrically connected to the contact a. Except for the second piezoelectric vibrator 205h, the second pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator is electrically connected to the first pole of its adjacent second piezoelectric vibrator in the counterclockwise direction. The second pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator 205h is electrically connected to the contact b.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the second electrical energy generated by the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 is output through the contacts a, b. The second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 has 8 second piezoelectric vibrators
8 secondPiezoelectric vibrator
Are connected in parallel. The first pole of each second piezoelectric vibrator is electrically connected with the contact a, and the second pole of each second piezoelectric vibrator is electrically connected with the contact b. And outputting second electric energy generated by the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 through the joints a and b.
As shown in fig. 3, the energy harvesting module 20 in this embodiment further comprises a plurality of rectifying-filtering modules 210. The plurality of rectifying-filtering modules 210 respectively convert the ac power output by the plurality of second piezoelectric energy harvesting modules 200 into corresponding dc power.
As shown in fig. 11, the rectifying-filtering module 210 in this embodiment uses full-bridge rectification (which is a prior art and is not described herein) to convert ac power into dc power, and includes 4 diodes D1, D2, D3, D4 and a filtering capacitor C1. The anode of the diode D1, the first end of the filter capacitor C1, and the anode of the diode D3 are connected to each other, the contact a corresponding to the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200, the cathode of the diode D1, and the anode of the diode D4 are connected to each other, the cathode of the diode D4, the second end of the filter capacitor C1, and the cathode of the diode D2 are connected to each other, and the cathode of the diode D3, the anode of the diode D2, and the contact b corresponding to the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 are connected to each other. Two ends of the filter capacitor C1 are used as output ends of the rectifying-filtering module 210.
In the energy acquisition module, part of the second piezoelectric energy harvesting modules 200 and the corresponding rectifying and filtering modules 210 jointly form a first circuit; the outputs of the plurality of rectifying-filtering modules 210 in the first circuit are connected in series. The other second piezoelectric energy harvesting modules 200 and the corresponding rectifying-filtering modules 210 form a second circuit, and the output ends of the rectifying-filtering modules 210 in the second circuit are connected in parallel.
The first circuit 21 shown in fig. 11 comprises 3 second piezoelectric energy harvesting modules 200 and 3 rectifying-filtering modules 210. The 3 filter capacitors C1 in the first circuit 21 are serially connected in sequence between terminals C and d (terminals C and d are also referred to as output terminals of the first circuit 21). The first circuit 21 is connected to the power control module 40 through terminals c and d.
The second circuit shown in figure 12 comprises 3 second piezoelectric tank modules 200 and 3 rectifier-filter modules 210. As shown in fig. 12, 3 filter capacitors C1 in the second circuit 22 are connected in parallel between the terminals e and f. e. The f terminal is also referred to as the output terminal of the second circuit 22. The second circuit 22 is connected to the power control module 40 through terminals e and f.
As shown in fig. 3, the power control module 40 is electrically connected to the output terminals c and d of the first circuit 21, the output terminals e and f of the second circuit 22, and the energy storage module 50. The operation flow of the power control module 40 is shown in fig. 13. If the output voltage of the first circuit 21 falls within the set threshold range, the power control module 40 selects the first circuit 21 to supply power to the energy storage module 50; if the output voltage of the first circuit 21 falls outside the threshold range and the output voltage of the second circuit 22 falls within the threshold range, the second circuit 22 is selected by the power control module 40 to supply power to the energy storage module 50; otherwise, the first circuit 21 and the second circuit 22 are not electrically connected to the energy storage module 50; the energy storage module 50 is used for providing working electric energy for the acquisition instrument 110, the communication module 30 and the power control module 40, and a rechargeable battery or a super capacitor can be used as the energy storage module 50.
As shown in fig. 14, the power control module 40 in the present embodiment includes: comparators U1A, U2A, U3A, U4A, first DC power supply V3, second DC power supply V4, V3 and V4 are reference voltages, load resistors R1, R2, triodes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4. In the present embodiment, the voltage value V3 of the first dc power supply V3 is equal to 8 volts, the voltage V4 of the second dc power supply V4 is equal to 3 volts, V3 is the lower threshold of the threshold range, and V4 is the upper threshold of the threshold range. The transistors in this embodiment are all NPN transistors.
As shown in fig. 14, the terminal c of the first circuit 21, the terminal e of the second circuit 22, the negative electrode of the first dc power supply V3, the negative electrode of the second dc power supply V4, the first terminal of the resistor R1, the first terminal of the resistor R2, and the non-inverting terminal of the comparator U4A are commonly grounded. The terminal f of the second circuit 22 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q3. The base of the triode Q3 is connected with the output end of the comparator U4A. The collector of the transistor Q3, the collector of the transistor Q4, the inverting terminal of the comparator U1A, the collector of the transistor Q1, and the collector of the transistor Q2 are connected to each other. The terminal d of the first circuit 21, the emitter of the transistor Q4, and the inverting terminal of the comparator U3A are connected to each other. The base of the triode Q4, the output end of the comparator U3A and the reverse end of the comparator U4A are connected with each other. The positive electrode of the first dc power supply V3, the non-inverting terminal of the comparator U1A, and the non-inverting terminal of the comparator U3A are connected to each other. The output end of the U1A is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q1. The emitter of the triode Q1, the in-phase end of the comparator U2A and the second end of the resistor R1 are connected with each other. The reverse end of the comparator U2A is connected with the positive electrode of the second direct current power supply V4. The output end of the comparator U2A is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2. The second end of the R2 and the Q2 emitter are connected to the point k, and the electric energy output by the first circuit 21 or the second circuit 22 is provided to the energy storage module 50 through the point k. The power supply voltages of the comparators U1A, U2A, U3A, U4A are all VCC (15V in this embodiment).
In the present invention, the power control module 40 selects one of the first circuit 21 and the second circuit 22 having an output voltage within a threshold range according to the set upper and lower thresholds v3 and v4, and supplies the power to the energy storage module 50. When the voltages of the first circuit 21 and the second circuit 22 both fall within the threshold range, the power control module 40 selects the first circuit 21 to supply power (with a higher output voltage) to the energy storage module 50. The energy collection module 20 can be protected against overload damage by the upper threshold v3. The energy collection module 20 can be in a dormant state when the external excitation is small (the track beam vibrates less) through the lower threshold v4, and the energy collection module 20 is prevented from charging the energy storage module 50 all the time to damage the energy storage module 50.
Comparators U1A and U2A, triodes Q1 and Q2, and resistors R1 and R2 constitute a detector for detecting the voltage output from the point g. The voltage at the point g can be output to the energy storage module 50 only when the voltage at the point g falls within a set threshold range. The comparators U3, U4 and the transistors Q3, Q4 are used to decide whether the first circuit 21 or the second circuit 22 is connected to the g-point. Since the first circuit 21 is connected in series and the second circuit 22 is connected in parallel, the output voltage Ucd of the first circuit 21 is larger than the output voltage Uef of the second circuit 22. The following description will be given of the switching circuit in 5 cases.
The first condition is as follows: v3> v4> Ucd. When the output voltage Ucd of the first circuit 21 is smaller than the upper threshold v3, the comparator U3 outputs a high level, the comparator U4 outputs a low level, the transistor Q4 is turned on, and the transistor Q3 is turned off. A first circuit 21 is connected to point g and compares Ucd with upper and lower thresholds. The comparator U1 outputs high level, the triode Q1 is conducted, the voltage at the h point and the voltage at the g point are Ucd, and the Ucd is smaller than the lower threshold value v4. The comparator U2 outputs low level, the triode Q2 is cut off, and the output of the point k is 0. When the vibration of the track beam is small, the amount of electric charge generated by the energy collection module 20 is insufficient, and at the moment, the energy collection module 20 enters a dormant state and does not charge the energy storage module 50, so that the energy storage module is prevented from being damaged due to frequent charging.
Case two: v3> Ucd > v4. When the output voltage Ucd of the first circuit 21 is smaller than the upper threshold v3, the comparator U3 outputs a high level, the comparator U4 outputs a low level, the triode Q4 is conducted, the triode Q3 is cut off, the first circuit 21 is connected with the point g, and the Ucd is compared with the upper threshold and the lower threshold. The comparator U1 outputs high level, the triode Q1 is conducted, and the voltages of the h point and the g point are Ucd. Ucd is greater than lower threshold v4, and comparator U2 output high level, triode Q2 switches on, and the output of k point is first circuit 21 voltage Ucd.
Case three: ucd > v3> Uef > v4. When the output voltage Ucd of the first circuit 21 is greater than the upper threshold v3, the U3 outputs a low level, the comparator U4 outputs a high level, the triode Q4 is cut off, and the triode Q3 is conducted; the second circuit 22 is connected with the point g, and compares Uef with upper and lower threshold value, and Uef is less than upper threshold value v3, and comparator U1 output high level, triode Q1 switches on, and the h point voltage is the same with the point g for Uef, and Uef is greater than lower threshold value v4, and comparator U2 output high level, triode Q2 switches on, and the output of k point is second circuit 22 voltage Uef. At this time, since the series voltage of the first circuit 21 is too large, the parallel voltage of the second circuit 22 is outputted to prevent the circuit from being overloaded, thereby improving the energy efficiency.
Case four: ucd > v3> v4> Uef. When the output voltage Ucd of the first circuit 21 is greater than the upper threshold v3, the comparator U3 outputs a low level, the comparator U4 outputs a high level, the triode Q4 is cut off, and the triode Q3 is conducted; the second circuit 22 is connected to the g-point. The output voltage Uef of the second circuit 22 is compared with upper and lower thresholds. And when the Uef is smaller than the upper threshold value v3, the comparator U1 outputs a high level, the triode Q1 is conducted, and the voltages of the h point and the g point are both the Uef. Uef is smaller than a lower threshold v4, the comparator U2 outputs a low level, the triode Q2 is turned off to output 0, and the point k does not output electric energy to the energy storage module 50. An excessive output voltage of the first circuit 21 may cause an overload of the circuit, and an insufficient output voltage of the second circuit 22 may cause frequent charging of the energy storage module 50 to damage the energy storage module 50, so that the energy storage module 50 is not charged in the fourth case.
And a fifth situation: ucd > Uef > v3. When the output voltage Ucd of the first circuit 21 is greater than the upper threshold v3, the comparator U3A outputs a low level, the comparator U4A outputs a high level, the transistor Q4 is turned off, and the transistor Q3 is turned on. The output voltage Uef of the second circuit 22 is connected to point g and Uef is compared with upper and lower thresholds. Uef is greater than upper threshold v3, comparator U1 output low level, triode Q1 cuts off, and h point voltage is 0, is less than lower threshold v4. The comparator U2A outputs low level, and the triode Q2 cuts off and outputs 0. In the fifth case, because the track beam vibrates excessively, the power control module 40 is overloaded by the output voltages of the first and second circuits 21 and 22, and the power control module 40 does not operate.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 15, the stress monitoring system of the present invention further includes a first dc-dc conversion module 41 to a fourth dc-dc conversion module 44.
As shown in fig. 15, the first dc-dc conversion module 41 is electrically connected between the power control module 40 and the energy storage module 50, and is configured to convert the output voltage of the energy collection module 20 to the standard charging voltage of the energy storage module 50. The second dc-dc module converter 42 is electrically connected between the energy storage module 50 and the communication module 30, and is configured to convert the output voltage of the energy storage module 50 into the standard operating voltage of the communication module 30. The third dc-dc conversion module 43 is electrically connected between the energy storage module 50 and the collecting instrument 110, and is configured to convert the output voltage of the energy storage module 50 into the standard operating voltage of the collecting instrument 110. The fourth dc-dc conversion module 44 is electrically connected between the energy storage module 50 and the power control module 40, and is configured to convert the output voltage of the energy storage module 50 into the standard operating voltage of the power control module 40. According to the invention, the first to fourth DC-DC conversion modules 41 to 44 are used for respectively providing the standard charging voltage of the energy storage module 50 and the standard working voltage for the communication module 30, the acquisition instrument 110 and the power control module 40, so that the system safety is further ensured.
In other embodiments, the at least one second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 may also directly supply power to the energy storage module 50 through the corresponding rectifying-filtering module 210. Or the second electric energy of the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module 200 is provided to the acquisition instrument 110 for acquiring the stress of the bolt, and is also provided to the acquisition instrument 110 and the communication module 30 as working electricity.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the foregoing embodiments do not imply an execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a self-powered atress monitoring system, through a plurality of connecting pieces fixed connection magnetic-levitation train storehouse track structure's track roof beam and stand, monitoring system is used for monitoring track roof beam vibration, the atress condition of connecting piece, its characterized in that, atress monitoring system contains:
the sensing acquisition module comprises an acquisition instrument and at least one first piezoelectric energy harvesting module; the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module is arranged between the corresponding connecting piece and the track beam in a pressing mode or between the corresponding connecting piece and the upright column in a pressing mode; the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module is used for generating first electric energy matched with the vibration intensity of the installation position of the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module, and the acquisition instrument generates a corresponding digital quantity pressure value based on the voltage value of the first electric energy;
the communication module is used for sending the digital quantity pressure value to a user;
an energy harvesting module comprising at least one second piezoelectric energy harvesting module; the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module is arranged between the corresponding connecting piece and the track beam or between the corresponding connecting piece and the upright post in a pressing mode; the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module is used for generating second electric energy matched with the vibration intensity of the installation position of the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module and providing the second electric energy to the acquisition instrument and the communication module to serve as working electric energy.
2. The self-powered force monitoring system of claim 1 wherein the first piezoelectric energy harvesting module comprises a first spacer, a second spacer, and at least one first piezoelectric vibrator; the first piezoelectric vibrator comprises a first copper plate and a first piezoelectric sheet; the first piezoelectric patch is arranged between the first gasket and the first copper plate, the first copper plate is arranged between the first piezoelectric patch and the second gasket, and the second gasket is arranged between the first copper plate and the track beam/upright post; the first piezoelectric vibrator is provided with a first pole and a second pole and is used for providing the first electric energy for the acquisition instrument.
3. The self-powered force monitoring system of claim 2 wherein the first and second spacers have an annular configuration and are concentric with a central axis, the first spacer having an outer diameter less than an outer diameter of the second spacer; the first piezoelectric vibrator is of a straight-line structure, and the first end of the first copper plate extends outwards from the outer edge of the first gasket; the first piezoelectric sheet does not extend outwards from the outer edge of the first gasket; the first pole of the first piezoelectric vibrator is arranged on the first copper plate and is positioned outside the first gasket; the second pole of the first piezoelectric vibrator falls on the first piezoelectric sheet; the first gasket is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the first piezoelectric sheet in position and used for leading out a lead electrically connected with the second pole of the first piezoelectric vibrator.
4. The self-powered force monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module comprises a third shim, a fourth shim, and at least one second piezoelectric vibrator; the second piezoelectric vibrator comprises a second copper plate and a second piezoelectric sheet; the second piezoelectric sheet is arranged between the third gasket and the second copper plate, the second copper plate is arranged between the second piezoelectric sheet and the fourth gasket, and the fourth gasket is arranged between the second copper plate and the track beam/upright; the second piezoelectric vibrator has a first pole and a second pole, and outputs electric energy generated by the second piezoelectric vibrator.
5. The self-powered force monitoring system of claim 4, wherein the third and fourth shims have an annular configuration and are concentric about a central axis, the third shim having an outer diameter less than the outer diameter of the fourth shim; the second piezoelectric vibrator is of a straight-line structure, and the first end of the second copper plate extends outwards from the outer edge of the third gasket; the second piezoelectric sheet does not extend outwards from the outer edge of the third gasket; the first pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator is arranged on the second copper plate and is positioned outside the third gasket; the second pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator falls on the second piezoelectric sheet; the third gasket is provided with a second through hole corresponding to the second piezoelectric sheet in position and used for leading out a lead electrically connected with the second pole of the second piezoelectric vibrator.
6. The self-powered stress monitoring system of claim 5, wherein the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module comprises a plurality of second piezoelectric vibrators, the plurality of second piezoelectric vibrators are uniformly distributed along a circumferential direction of the fourth gasket, and a length direction of the second piezoelectric vibrators is a radial direction of the fourth gasket; and a plurality of second piezoelectric vibrators of the second piezoelectric energy harvesting module are connected in series or in parallel to output the second electric energy.
7. The self-powered force monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the energy harvesting module further comprises a plurality of rectifier-filter modules, each of which converts ac power output by the second plurality of piezoelectric energy harvesting modules into corresponding dc power; in the energy acquisition module, part of the second piezoelectric energy harvesting modules and corresponding rectification filter modules jointly form a first circuit; the output ends of a plurality of rectifying-filtering modules in the first circuit are connected in series; and the other second piezoelectric energy harvesting modules and the corresponding rectifying-filtering modules jointly form a second circuit, and the output ends of a plurality of rectifying-filtering modules in the second circuit are connected in parallel.
8. The self-powered force monitoring system of claim 7 further comprising a power control module and an energy storage module; the power control module is electrically connected with the output end of the first circuit, the output end of the second circuit and the energy storage module; if the output voltage of the first circuit is within the set threshold range, selecting the first circuit to supply power to the energy storage module through the power control module; if the output voltage of the first circuit is out of the threshold range and the output voltage of the second circuit is within the threshold range, selecting the second circuit to supply power to the energy storage module through the power control module; otherwise, the first circuit and the second circuit are not electrically connected with the energy storage module; the energy storage module is used for providing working electric energy for the acquisition instrument, the electric control module and the communication module.
9. The self-powered force monitoring system of claim 8 further comprising first through fourth dc-to-dc conversion modules; the first direct current-direct current conversion module is electrically connected between the power control module and the energy storage module and is used for converting the output voltage of the energy acquisition module into the standard charging voltage of the energy storage module; the second direct current-direct current conversion module is electrically connected between the energy storage module and the communication module and used for converting the output voltage of the energy storage module into the standard working voltage of the communication module; the third direct current-direct current conversion module is electrically connected between the energy storage module and the data acquisition instrument and is used for converting the output voltage of the energy storage module into the standard working voltage of the data acquisition instrument; the fourth direct current-direct current conversion module is electrically connected between the energy storage module and the power control module and used for converting the output voltage of the energy storage module into the standard working voltage of the power control module.
10. The self-powered force monitoring system of claim 1 wherein a plurality of spacers are disposed between the rail beam and the column; at least one first piezoelectric energy harvesting module is arranged between the track beam and the cushion block, between the upright post and the cushion block, and/or at least one second piezoelectric energy harvesting module is arranged between the track beam and the cushion block, and between the upright post and the cushion block.
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