CN115403732A - Low-modulus high-damping polyurethane elastomer material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Low-modulus high-damping polyurethane elastomer material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-modulus high-damping polyurethane elastomer material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the elastomer material consists of a component A and a component B, and the component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 5 to 20 parts of polyether polyol 1, 20 to 40 parts of polyether polyol 2, 20 to 50 parts of polyether polyol 3 and 15 to 35 parts of isocyanate; the component B comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 80-100 parts of copolymer polyol, 3-15 parts of micromolecular diol, 1-5 parts of micromolecular triol and 0-1 part of catalyst; the polyether glycol 1 is polytetrahydrofuran diol with the number average molecular weight of 500-3000; the polyether glycol 2 is polyoxypropylene glycol with the number average molecular weight of 1000-3000; the polyether polyol 3 is polyoxypropylene triol with the number average molecular weight of 2000-6000; the copolymer polyol is styrene-acrylonitrile graft polymer polyol with the molecular weight of 3000-6000. The polyurethane elastomer material has the 10 percent compressive modulus of 1-5MPa, the damping temperature range of-50-60 ℃ with tan delta larger than 0.3, and can be used for preparing vibration isolation devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a polyurethane elastomer material, in particular to a low-modulus and high-damping polyurethane elastomer material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The development of modern industry brings great convenience to human society, and meanwhile, the harm of mechanical vibration and noise to human beings is becoming serious. To reduce such hazards, researchers have found that the use of damping materials and techniques is one of the most effective ways to control vibration and noise. At present, high polymer materials have been widely used in the damping field due to the viscoelastic characteristics.
The polyurethane high polymer material has high modulus and strength and high elongation at break, and has the performance characteristic of 'hardness, softness and economy', so that the polyurethane high polymer material has good damping performance. However, the glass transition temperature is below zero, so that the effective damping range is often narrow and cannot cover the room temperature area, and the wide application of the damping polyurethane elastomer is hindered.
A high-damping material generally requires a loss factor Tan delta of more than 0.3, CN105153394B discloses a heat-resistant high-damping polyurethane elastomer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the heat-resistant high-damping polyurethane elastomer is prepared by mainly using a carbon nano tube/neopentyl glycol composite hydroxyl component and adopting a tape casting method, the Tan delta (max) of the material is more than 0.4 at the temperature of about minus 30 ℃, but the Tan delta is far less than 0.3 at the normal environment temperature of minus 10 to 40 ℃, and the normal environment temperature is usually the actual use temperature of the material, so that the material cannot meet the requirement of the high-damping material. Therefore, when designing the damping material structure, in addition to considering the Tan δ (max) of the material, it is more important to consider whether the material has a higher Tan δ in the actual use temperature or frequency range, so as to obtain a practical polyurethane material with wide temperature range and high damping.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a polyurethane elastomer material with low modulus and high damping, and a preparation method and application thereof. By taking copolymer polyol as a raw material, compounding trifunctional and difunctional small molecular alcohols as a chain extender, and simultaneously controlling the molar ratio of OH/NCO in a system to be 1.3-1.6, the polyurethane elastomer material with low modulus and high damping can be prepared, wherein the 10 percent compressive modulus of the polyurethane elastomer material is 1-5MPa, the damping temperature range of tan delta larger than 0.3 is-50 to 60 ℃, and the polyurethane elastomer material can be used for preparing vibration isolation devices.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a polyurethane elastomer material with low modulus and high damping, which consists of a component A and a component B,
the component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
5 to 20 parts of polyether polyol 1
20 to 40 parts of polyether polyol 2
20 to 50 parts of polyether polyol 3
15 to 35 parts of isocyanate
The component B comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
80 to 100 parts of copolymer polyol
3 to 15 parts of micromolecular diol
1 to 5 parts of small-molecular triol
0 to 1 part of a catalyst
The polyether glycol 1 is polytetrahydrofuran diol with the number average molecular weight of 500-3000; the polyether glycol 2 is polyoxypropylene diol with the number average molecular weight of 1000-3000; the polyether polyol 3 is polyoxypropylene triol with the number average molecular weight of 2000-6000; the copolymer polyol is styrene-acrylonitrile graft polymer polyol with the molecular weight of 3000-6000.
Further, the molar ratio of OH/NCO of the component A and the component B is 1.3-1.6.
Further, the polyether polyol 1 is preferably polytetrahydrofuran diol having a number average molecular weight of 1000 to 2000; the polyether polyol 2 is preferably a polyoxypropylene diol having a number average molecular weight of 1000-2000; the polyether polyol 3 is preferably polyoxypropylene triol having a number average molecular weight of 3000 to 3200.
Further, the isocyanate is one or more of 4,4 '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hydrogenated phenyl methane diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, carbodiimide-modified 4,4' -diphenylmethane diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate, and toluene diisocyanate and/or isophorone diisocyanate are preferred.
Further, the copolymer polyol is preferably a styrene-acrylonitrile graft polymer polyol having a molecular weight of 4000 to 5000.
Further, the small-molecular diol is one or more of 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 2-propanediol or pentanediol.
Further, the small molecule triol is one or more of glycerol, TMN450, polycaprolactone triol with the molecular weight of 200-600, trimethylolpropane and triisopropanolamine.
Further, the catalyst may be one or more of catalysts commonly used in the art, such as triethylenediamine, dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, phenylmercuric acetate, organobismuth, and organozinc.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the polyurethane elastomer material, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparation of the component A:
heating polyether polyol 1 to 100-120 ℃, dehydrating in vacuum until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding isocyanate, reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-2h, adding polyether polyol 2 and polyether polyol 3 with the moisture content of less than 0.03%, reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-3h, discharging and sealing after the NCO content reaches 5.6-6.0%;
(2) Preparation of the component B:
uniformly mixing copolymer polyol, micromolecular diol and micromolecular triol according to a proportion, heating to 100-120 ℃, carrying out vacuum dehydration until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 60-80 ℃, adding a catalyst, uniformly mixing, discharging, and sealing for later use;
(3) Preparing a high-damping elastomer material:
controlling the temperature of the component A and the component B at 40-60 ℃, uniformly mixing, defoaming in vacuum, pouring into a mold at 60-80 ℃, and curing for 16-20 hours to obtain the polyurethane elastomer material.
The third aspect of the invention provides the application of the polyurethane elastomer material in a vibration isolation device.
According to the invention, the copolymer polyol is used as a raw material, the trifunctional and bifunctional micromolecular alcohols are compounded to be used as a chain extender, the molar ratio of OH/NCO in the system is adjusted to be 1.3-1.6, the bearing performance of the material is improved by using rigid styrene and acrylonitrile contained in the copolymer polyol, and the problem that the material is not cured or is not well formed under the unconventional molar ratio of OH/NCO is solved. The prepared material has the characteristics of low modulus and high damping, and can be used for testing a polyurethane product of an equipment vibration isolation system, such as the preparation of a vibration isolation device.
Specific properties are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Properties of the materials
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing loss factor data at different temperatures for example 1, example 2, comparative example 2, and comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Example 1
The component A comprises: heating 1000g of polyether polyol 1 (with the number average molecular weight of 1000) to 100-110 ℃, performing vacuum dehydration until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding 2100g of toluene diisocyanate, reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-2h, adding 3721g of polyether polyol 2 (with the number average molecular weight of 2000) and 4270g of polyether polyol 3 (with the number average molecular weight of 3200) with the moisture content of less than 0.03%, reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-3h, and detecting the NCO content to be 5.9%.
And B component: mixing copolymer polyol (molecular weight is 4000) 1000g, 1, 4-butanediol 80g and polycaprolactone triol (number average molecular weight is 300) 17.7g uniformly according to a proportion, heating to 100-110 ℃, carrying out vacuum dehydration until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 60-80 ℃, mixing uniformly, discharging, and sealing for later use.
Controlling the temperature of the component A and the component B at 40-60 ℃, uniformly mixing according to the molar ratio of OH to NCO of 1.38, defoaming in vacuum, pouring into a mold at 60-80 ℃, and curing for 16-20 hours to obtain the high-damping polyurethane elastomer material. The properties of the resulting material are shown in Table 2.
Example 2
And (2) component A: 1000g of polyether polyol 1 (with the number average molecular weight of 2000) is heated to 100-110 ℃, vacuum dehydration is carried out until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, the temperature is reduced to 50-60 ℃, 2384.3g of isophorone diisocyanate is added, after reaction is carried out for 1.5-2h at 70-90 ℃, 1717g of polyether polyol 2 (with the number average molecular weight of 1000) and 4200g of polyether polyol 3 (with the number average molecular weight of 3000) with the moisture content of less than 0.03% are added, reaction is carried out for 1.5-3h at 70-90 ℃, and the NCO content is detected to be 5.7%.
And B component: 1000g of copolymer polyol (with molecular weight of 5000), 64g of 1, 4-butanediol and 12.5g of TMN450 are uniformly mixed according to a proportion, heated to 100-110 ℃, dehydrated in vacuum until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooled to 60-80 ℃, added with 7g of phenylmercuric acetate, uniformly mixed, discharged and sealed for later use.
Controlling the temperature of the component A and the component B at 40-60 ℃, uniformly mixing according to the molar ratio of OH to NCO of 1.6, defoaming in vacuum, pouring into a mold at 60-80 ℃, and curing for 16-20 hours to obtain the high-damping polyurethane elastomer material. The properties of the resulting material are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1
The component A comprises: heating polyether polyol 1 (with the number average molecular weight of 2000) 1000g to 100-110 ℃, carrying out vacuum dehydration until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding isophorone diisocyanate 2384.3, reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-2h, adding polyether polyol 2 (with the number average molecular weight of 1000) 1717g and polyether polyol 3 (with the number average molecular weight of 3000) 4200g, reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-3h, and detecting the NCO content to be 5.7%.
And B component: mixing 1000g of copolymer polyol (molecular weight of 5000) and 68.5g of 1, 4-butanediol uniformly according to a proportion, heating to 100-110 ℃, carrying out vacuum dehydration until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 60-80 ℃, adding 7g of phenylmercuric acetate, mixing uniformly, discharging, and sealing for later use.
Controlling the temperature of the component A and the component B at 40-60 ℃, uniformly mixing according to the molar ratio of OH to NCO of 1.6, defoaming in vacuum, pouring into a mold at 60-80 ℃, and curing for 16-20 hours to obtain the product. The properties of the resulting material are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 2
The component A comprises: 1000g of polyether polyol 1 (with the number average molecular weight of 1000), heating to 100-110 ℃, vacuum dehydrating until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding 2100g of toluene diisocyanate, reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-2h, adding 3721g of polyether polyol 2 (with the number average molecular weight of 2000) and 4270g of polyether polyol 3 (with the number average molecular weight of 3200), reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-3h, and detecting the NCO content to be 5.9%.
And B component: mixing copolymer polyol (molecular weight 4000) 1000g and polycaprolactone triol (number average molecular weight 300) 195.5g uniformly according to a proportion, heating to 100-110 ℃, performing vacuum dehydration until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 60-80 ℃, uniformly mixing, discharging, and sealing for later use.
Controlling the temperature of the component A and the component B at 40-60 ℃, uniformly mixing according to the molar ratio of OH to NCO of 1.38, defoaming in vacuum, pouring into a mold at 60-80 ℃, and curing for 16-20 hours to obtain the modified polyurethane. The properties of the resulting material are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3
The component A comprises: 1000g of polyether polyol 1 (with the number average molecular weight of 1000), heating to 100-110 ℃, vacuum dehydrating until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding 2100g of toluene diisocyanate, reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-2h, adding 3721g of polyether polyol 2 (with the number average molecular weight of 2000) and 4270g of polyether polyol 3 (with the number average molecular weight of 3200), reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-3h, and detecting the NCO content to be 5.9%.
And B component: mixing 1000g of copolymer polyol (molecular weight of 4000), 80g of 1, 4-butanediol and 17.7g of polycaprolactone triol (number average molecular weight of 300) uniformly according to a proportion, heating to 100-110 ℃, performing vacuum dehydration until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 60-80 ℃, uniformly mixing, discharging, and sealing for later use.
Controlling the temperature of the component A and the component B at 40-60 ℃, uniformly mixing according to the molar ratio of OH to NCO of 1.8, defoaming in vacuum, pouring into a mold at 60-80 ℃, and curing for 16-20 hours to obtain the modified polyurethane. The properties of the resulting material are shown in Table 2.
The comparison of the loss factors at different temperatures of example 1 and example 2 with those of comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 is shown in FIG. 1.
TABLE 2 comparison of Material Properties
As can be seen from table 2 and fig. 1, comparative example 1 employs a small molecule diol material alone to cure abnormally; comparative example 2 small molecule triol is used alone, and the damping temperature range of the prepared material is obviously narrowed; comparative example 3 at an OH/NCO molar ratio of 1.8, the material cured normally, but the damping temperature range narrowed and the maximum dissipation factor decreased.
Claims (10)
1. A low-modulus high-damping polyurethane elastomer material consists of a component A and a component B,
the component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
5 to 20 parts of polyether polyol 1
20 to 40 parts of polyether polyol 2
20 to 50 parts of polyether polyol 3
15 to 35 parts of isocyanate
The component B comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
80 to 100 parts of copolymer polyol
3 to 15 parts of micromolecular diol
1 to 5 parts of small-molecular triol
0 to 1 part of catalyst
The polyether glycol 1 is polytetrahydrofuran diol with the number average molecular weight of 500-3000; the polyether glycol 2 is polyoxypropylene glycol with the number average molecular weight of 1000-3000; the polyether polyol 3 is polyoxypropylene triol with the number average molecular weight of 2000-6000; the copolymer polyol is styrene-acrylonitrile graft polymer polyol with the molecular weight of 3000-6000.
2. The polyurethane elastomeric material according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of OH/NCO of the a component and the B component is 1.3 to 1.6.
3. The polyurethane elastomeric material according to claim 1, characterized in that said polyether polyol 1 is polytetrahydrofuran diol having a number average molecular weight of 1000-2000; the polyether glycol 2 is polyoxypropylene glycol with the number average molecular weight of 1000-2000; the polyether polyol 3 is polyoxypropylene triol with the number average molecular weight of 3000-3200.
4. The polyurethane elastomeric material according to claim 1, wherein the isocyanate is one or more of 4,4 '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hydrogenated phenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, carbodiimide-modified 4,4' -diphenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, preferably toluene diisocyanate and/or isophorone diisocyanate.
5. The polyurethane elastomeric material according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer polyol is a styrene-acrylonitrile graft polymer polyol having a molecular weight of 4000-5000.
6. The polyurethane elastomeric material according to claim 1, wherein the small molecule diol is one or more of 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 2-propanediol, or pentanediol.
7. The polyurethane elastomeric material according to claim 1, wherein said small molecule triol is one or more of glycerol, TMN450, polycaprolactone triol with molecular weight of 200-600, trimethylolpropane, triisopropanolamine.
8. The polyurethane elastomeric material of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is one or more of triethylenediamine, dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, phenylmercuric acetate, organobismuth, and organozinc.
9. A process for preparing the polyurethane elastomeric material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparation of component A:
heating polyether polyol 1 to 100-120 ℃, dehydrating in vacuum until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding isocyanate, reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-2h, adding polyether polyol 2 and polyether polyol 3 with the moisture content of less than 0.03%, reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-3h, discharging and sealing after the NCO content reaches 5.6-6.0%;
(2) Preparation of the component B:
uniformly mixing copolymer polyol, micromolecular diol and micromolecular triol in proportion, heating to 100-120 ℃, dehydrating in vacuum until the moisture content is less than 0.03%, cooling to 60-80 ℃, adding a catalyst, uniformly mixing, discharging, and sealing for later use;
(3) Preparing a high-damping elastomer material:
controlling the temperature of the component A and the component B at 40-60 ℃, uniformly mixing, defoaming in vacuum, pouring into a mold at 60-80 ℃, and curing for 16-20 hours to obtain the polyurethane elastomer material.
10. Use of the polyurethane elastomeric material according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in vibration isolation devices.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211089308.9A CN115403732B (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2022-09-07 | Low-modulus high-damping polyurethane elastomer material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211089308.9A CN115403732B (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2022-09-07 | Low-modulus high-damping polyurethane elastomer material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN115403732A true CN115403732A (en) | 2022-11-29 |
| CN115403732B CN115403732B (en) | 2023-07-14 |
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| US4334033A (en) * | 1979-10-09 | 1982-06-08 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the manufacture of polyurethane elastomers |
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| CN101220132A (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2008-07-16 | 北京化工大学 | Preparation method for polyurethane damping material containing suspension chain structure |
| CN104817683A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-05 | 黎明化工研究设计院有限责任公司 | Polyurethane elastomer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109824845A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-31 | 北京市建筑工程研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of high-damping polyurethane damping elastomer material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113980220A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 山东一诺威聚氨酯股份有限公司 | Polyurethane elastomer composition for tire filling and preparation method thereof |
| CN114478972A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-13 | 山东一诺威聚氨酯股份有限公司 | High-damping polyurethane elastomer for shock pad and preparation method thereof |
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2022
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4334033A (en) * | 1979-10-09 | 1982-06-08 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the manufacture of polyurethane elastomers |
| KR20070030789A (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2007-03-16 | 아사히 가라스 가부시키가이샤 | Polyurethane elastomer and method for producing same |
| CN101220132A (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2008-07-16 | 北京化工大学 | Preparation method for polyurethane damping material containing suspension chain structure |
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| CN109734865A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-05-10 | 耿佃勇 | Polyurethane bumper and preparation method thereof |
| CN113980220A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 山东一诺威聚氨酯股份有限公司 | Polyurethane elastomer composition for tire filling and preparation method thereof |
| CN114478972A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-13 | 山东一诺威聚氨酯股份有限公司 | High-damping polyurethane elastomer for shock pad and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115403732B (en) | 2023-07-14 |
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