CN115403346A - Composition for preparing porous composite material, method for preparing porous composite material, porous composite material and application thereof - Google Patents
Composition for preparing porous composite material, method for preparing porous composite material, porous composite material and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115403346A CN115403346A CN202210968719.9A CN202210968719A CN115403346A CN 115403346 A CN115403346 A CN 115403346A CN 202210968719 A CN202210968719 A CN 202210968719A CN 115403346 A CN115403346 A CN 115403346A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
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- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
- C04B28/12—Hydraulic lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
- C04B38/106—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam by adding preformed foams
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
- C04B2111/285—Intumescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of building sound insulation and heat insulation materials, and discloses a composition for preparing a porous composite material, a method for preparing the porous composite material, the porous composite material and application thereof. The composition comprises the following components: organic foam materials and inorganic mortar materials; the inorganic mortar material contains: inorganic gel material, aggregate, water reducing agent, early strength agent, defoaming agent, thixotropic agent, water-retaining agent and water. The three-dimensional reticular porous composite material prepared by the composition has a three-dimensional reticular microstructure, uniform pore diameter, stability and controllability, small volume weight, low heat conductivity coefficient and good heat insulation and sound insulation performance, and can meet the A-grade flame retardant grade standard of the building energy-saving material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building sound-insulation and heat-insulation materials, in particular to a composition for preparing a porous composite material, a method for preparing the porous composite material, the porous composite material and application thereof.
Background
At present, green energy-saving buildings become a mainstream trend. In the whole process of energy consumption of the building, the energy consumption in the operation stage accounts for 46.6% of the whole energy consumption, wherein the energy loss ratio through the outer wall is 35%, the energy loss ratio through the roof is 25%, the energy loss ratio through the door and window is 25%, and the energy loss ratio through the floor slab is 15%, so that the outer wall and the roof are usually made of heat-insulating materials to reduce energy loss, and the energy-saving door and window are used to reduce the energy loss of the door and window.
The building exterior wall heat insulation industry is divided into inorganic heat insulation materials and organic heat insulation materials. Common inorganic heat-insulating materials comprise glass wool, rock wool, expanded perlite, foamed concrete, heat-insulating mortar and the like, have the advantage of high flame retardance (reaching A-level flame retardance), but have the defects of high energy consumption, high water absorption, high volume weight, high heat conductivity coefficient and the like. Common organic heat-insulating materials comprise polyurethane foam, polystyrene board, phenolic foam and the like, and the organic heat-insulating materials have the defects of light weight, good processability and low heat conductivity coefficient, but have the defects of poor aging resistance, large deformation coefficient, poor stability, easiness in combustion (the highest flame retardance can only reach the B1 level standard) and the like, and are difficult to recycle.
CN106565167A discloses a polyurethane and foamed cement micro-composite thermal insulation material, which is characterized by comprising: 80-100 parts of cement, 0-20 parts of fly ash, 2-6 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 0.2-1.0 part of PP chopped fiber, 0.3-2.0 parts of foam stabilizer, 1-2 parts of calcium formate, 45-55 parts of water, 5-25 parts of isocyanate, 5-15 parts of polyether polyol, 0.1-0.4 part of polysiloxane and 0.005-0.3 part of catalyst. In the prior art, polyurethane foam is filled and inserted into the foaming cement, and an inorganic material and an organic material coexist, so that the heat insulation performance of the material is improved. However, the flame retardant property of the polyurethane foam material is related to the amount of the immersed polyurethane foam material due to the existence of the organic material component, and the polyurethane foam material cannot fully permeate all the cells of the foaming cement, so that the heat insulation property of the polyurethane foam material is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a building material with excellent flame retardant property and good heat insulation property.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a composition for preparing a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material, comprising the following components: organic foam materials and inorganic mortar materials;
the inorganic mortar material comprises: inorganic gel material, aggregate, water reducing agent, early strength agent, defoaming agent, thixotropic agent, water-retaining agent and water;
the inorganic gel material is a combination of a hydraulic inorganic gel material and an air-hardening inorganic gel material, and the content weight ratio of the hydraulic inorganic gel material to the air-hardening inorganic gel material is 4-9:1;
the content of the inorganic mortar material is 200-600 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the organic foam material;
based on the total weight of the inorganic mortar material, the content of the inorganic gel material is 35-60wt%, the content of the aggregate is 0-10wt%, the content of the water reducing agent is 0.2-0.5wt%, the content of the early strength agent is 0.1-1wt%, the content of the defoaming agent is 0.1-0.5wt%, the content of the thixotropic agent is 0-5wt%, the content of the water retaining agent is 0.1-0.5wt%, and the content of the water is 10-50wt%.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a process for preparing a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material, carried out using a composition as described in the preceding first aspect, comprising:
(1) Firstly mixing an inorganic gel material, aggregate, a water reducing agent, an early strength agent, a defoaming agent, a thixotropic agent and a water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture I;
(2) Secondly, mixing the mixture I with water to obtain an inorganic mortar material;
(3) And (3) contacting an organic foam material with the inorganic mortar material, and then sequentially carrying out maintenance and heating treatment to obtain the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material produced by the method described in the second aspect above.
A fourth aspect of the invention provides a use of the three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material of the third aspect described above in a building material.
The inorganic mortar material is prepared by using a hydraulic inorganic gel material and an air-hardening inorganic gel material in a specific dosage-weight ratio as inorganic gel materials, and adding aggregate, a water reducing agent, an early strength agent, a defoaming agent, a thixotropic agent, a water-retaining agent and the like in a certain weight ratio, and compounding the inorganic mortar material with an organic foam material to prepare the material which has a three-dimensional reticular microstructure, is uniform in pore size, stable and controllable, small in volume weight, low in heat conductivity coefficient, good in heat insulation and sound insulation performance and can meet the A-level flame retardant grade standard of building energy-saving materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic microscopic view of a foam I provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microscopic schematic view of a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material C1 provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, each range between its endpoints and individual point values, and each individual point value can be combined with each other to give one or more new numerical ranges, and such numerical ranges should be construed as specifically disclosed herein.
As previously mentioned, the first aspect of the present invention provides a composition for preparing a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material, comprising the following components: organic foam materials and inorganic mortar materials;
the inorganic mortar material contains: inorganic gel material, aggregate, water reducing agent, early strength agent, defoaming agent, thixotropic agent, water-retaining agent and water;
the inorganic gel material is a combination of a hydraulic inorganic gel material and an air-hardening inorganic gel material, and the content weight ratio of the hydraulic inorganic gel material to the air-hardening inorganic gel material is 4-9:1;
the content of the inorganic mortar material is 200-600 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the organic foam material;
based on the total weight of the inorganic mortar material, the content of the inorganic gel material is 35-60wt%, the content of the aggregate is 0-10wt%, the content of the water reducing agent is 0.2-0.5wt%, the content of the early strength agent is 0.1-1wt%, the content of the defoaming agent is 0.1-0.5wt%, the content of the thixotropic agent is 0-5wt%, the content of the water retaining agent is 0.1-0.5wt%, and the content of the water is 10-50wt%.
Preferably, the density of the organic foam material is 8-50kg/m 3 The average pore diameter is 0.1-0.4mm, the aperture ratio is 90-100%, and the thermal conductivity is 0.02-0.03W/(m.K). The inventors of the present invention have found that the composite material obtained in this preferred case has better stability (14 d compressive strength).
Preferably, the organic foam material is selected from at least one of polyurethane foam and melamine formaldehyde resin foam.
Preferably, the hydraulic inorganic gel material has an average particle diameter of 3 to 32 μm.
Preferably, the hydraulic inorganic gel material is at least one selected from the group consisting of portland cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, chlorate cement, and phosphate cement.
Preferably, the average particle size of the air-hardenable inorganic gel material is 5 to 45 μm. The inventor of the invention finds that the composite material obtained in the preferred case has smaller volume weight (absolute dry density) and better sound insulation performance.
Preferably, the air hardening inorganic gel material is at least one selected from lime, magnesium oxide, gypsum and water glass.
Preferably, the aggregate is selected from at least one of quartz sand, calcium sand and gravel.
Preferably, the water reducing agent is selected from at least one of methylene dimethyl dinaphthyl sodium sulfonate polymer, aliphatic hydroxyl sulfonate and polycarboxylate.
Preferably, the early strength agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfates, chlorides, and organics.
Preferably, the defoaming agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone defoaming agents, polyether defoaming agents, and mineral oil defoaming agents.
Preferably, the thixotropic agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ultrafine microbead aggregates.
The ultrafine particulate aggregate in the present invention is spherical ultrafine particles having a particle size of 1 to 3 μm. Illustratively, the ultrafine microbead aggregate can be ultrafine particles collected in smoke discharged from a thermal power station, such as fly ash, silica fume, blast furnace slag and the like.
Preferably, the water retaining agent is selected from at least one of cellulose ether and starch ether.
As previously mentioned, in a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a process for the preparation of a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material, carried out using a composition as described in the preceding first aspect, comprising:
(1) Firstly mixing an inorganic gel material, aggregate, a water reducing agent, an early strength agent, a defoaming agent, a thixotropic agent and a water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture I;
(2) Secondly, mixing the mixture I with water to obtain an inorganic mortar material;
(3) And (3) contacting an organic foam material with the inorganic mortar material, and then sequentially carrying out maintenance and heating treatment to obtain the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material.
According to a preferred embodiment, in step (1), the conditions of the first mixing include: stirring at 30-60rpm at 5-40 deg.C for 3-6min.
According to another preferred embodiment, in step (2), the conditions of the second mixing include: stirring at 30-90rpm at 5-40 deg.C for 1-3min.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment, in step (3), the conditions of the contacting comprise: the vacuum degree is-50 KPa to-75 KPa, the temperature is 5-40 deg.C, and the time is 3-5min. The inventor of the invention finds that the composite material obtained under the preferable condition has better heat insulation performance, sound insulation performance, stability and the like.
Preferably, in the step (3), the curing conditions include: the temperature is 5-40 deg.C, relative humidity is 50-55%, and time is 10-18d.
According to another particularly preferred embodiment, in step (3), the conditions of the heat treatment include: the temperature is 400-800 deg.C, and the time is 10-20min. The inventors of the present invention have found that the composite material obtained in this preferred case has better flame retardant properties.
As previously mentioned, a third aspect of the present invention provides a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material produced by the method of the first aspect described above.
As previously mentioned, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides the use of the three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material described in the third aspect above in a building material.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
In the following examples, the raw materials used are all commercially available ones unless otherwise specified.
In the present invention, the room temperature means 25. + -. 2 ℃ unless otherwise specified.
In the present invention, the total amount of the inorganic mortar materials used in the examples was 1kg.
Organic foam material:
foam material I: polyurethane foam having a density of 25kg/m 3 The composite material has an average pore diameter of 0.2mm, an aperture ratio of 95% and a thermal conductivity of 0.025W/(mK), and is purchased from Shanghai Kogyo Vita polymers Co.
Foam material II: polyurethane foam having a density of 50kg/m 3 The average pore diameter is 0.35mm, the aperture ratio is 92%, and the thermal conductivity is 0.028W/(m.K), and the material is purchased from Shanghai Kogyu Vita polymers Co.
Foam material III: melamine formaldehyde resin foam having a density of 8kg/m 3 The composite material has an average pore diameter of 0.15mm, an aperture ratio of 97% and a thermal conductivity of 0.03W/(m.K), and is purchased from Dougulong chemical Co., ltd.
Foam material IV: melamine formaldehyde resin foam having a density of 6kg/m 3 The composite material has an average pore diameter of 0.16mm, an aperture ratio of 98% and a thermal conductivity of 0.029W/(m.K), and is purchased from Duyulong chemical Co.
Inorganic gel material:
hydraulic inorganic gel material:
gel material S1:42.5 Portland cement, 20 μm average particle size, available from the Hemicentrotus Seu Ovis Cement company.
Gel material S2:52.5 Portland cement, having an average particle size of 15 μm, was purchased from Medium Cement.
Gel material S3: the quick-hardening sulphoaluminate cement has the average grain diameter of 20 mu m and is purchased from Sanxiang special cement company.
Air-setting inorganic gel material:
gel material Q1: slaked lime powder, 35 μm average particle size, purchased from Denfeng Fine chemical Co.
Gel material Q2: magnesium oxide I, having an average particle size of 10 μm, was purchased from Shendao chemical industries.
Gel material Q3: magnesium oxide II, having an average particle size of 70 μm, was purchased from Stazelescent chemical company.
Water reducing agent:
water reducing agent I: polycarboxylate, designation 540P, available from the company cika.
Water reducing agent II: sodium methylene dimethyldinaphthalenesulfonate polymer, grade FDN-05, was purchased from Longsheng, zhejiang.
Water reducing agent III: polycarboxylate, designation PC400, was purchased from shanghai cryptomeria fortunei new materials company.
Early strength agent:
early strength agent I: chlorides, calcium chloride, were purchased from eastern song chemical company, guangzhou.
Early strength agent II: organic species, calcium formate, were purchased from Jianpauer, guangzhou.
Early strength agent III: sulfates, designation AC-01, were purchased from Shanghai Endostachys Sequoia New materials, inc.
Defoaming agent:
defoaming agent I: silicones, brand SITREN AV 370, available from winning companies.
And (3) defoaming agent II: polyethers, designation DF-04, were purchased from Shanghai Endurance New materials.
Defoaming agent III: mineral oil, designation P803, available from minling, germany.
Thixotropic agent:
thixotropic agent I: the ultrafine bead fly ash is purchased from Fujian Datang Ningde thermal power stations.
Thixotropic agent II: silica fume, available from Shanghai Shenyu ferroalloy.
Thixotropic agent III: granulated blast furnace slag, available from Shandong Lubi building materials, inc.
Water-retaining agent:
water-retaining agent I: cellulose ether, brand PMK20Z, was purchased from Purchase company.
Water-retaining agent II: cellulose ether, brand HEMC4W, purchased from tiansheng corporation.
Water-retaining agent III: starch ether, designation T500, available from kemp corporation.
Water: deionized water.
Example 1
This example illustrates the composition for preparing a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite of the present invention according to the formulation and process parameters set forth in table 1, and prepared as described below.
The preparation method of the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) At room temperature, firstly mixing an inorganic gel material, aggregate, a water reducing agent, an early strength agent, a defoaming agent, a thixotropic agent and a water-retaining agent in a stirrer to obtain a mixture I;
the conditions of the first mixing are as follows: stirring at 30rpm for 6min;
(2) At room temperature, carrying out second mixing on the mixture I and water to obtain an inorganic mortar material;
the conditions of the second mixing are as follows: stirring at 80rpm for 3min;
(3) Sequentially curing and heating the organic foam material and the inorganic mortar material after contacting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material C1;
the contact conditions are as follows: the vacuum degree is-50 KPa, the temperature is room temperature, and the time is 4min;
the curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 23 ℃, the relative humidity is 50 percent, and the time is 14d;
the conditions of the heat treatment are as follows: the temperature is 450 ℃ and the time is 15min.
Examples 2 to 3
Examples 2-3 were carried out using the same procedure as in example 1, except that the composition formulation and process parameters used to prepare the three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material were varied, as specified in table 1.
And respectively preparing the three-dimensional reticular porous composite materials C2 and C3.
Example 4
This example prepared a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material using a formulation and method similar to that of example 3, except that: the same weight of the foam material III was replaced with the foam material IV, and the other conditions were the same as in example 3, to prepare a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material C4, see Table 1 for details.
Example 5
This example prepared a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material using a formulation and method similar to those of example 2, except that: the gel material Q3 was replaced with the gel material Q2 of the same weight, and the three-dimensional mesh-like porous composite material C5 was prepared under the same conditions as in example 2, specifically see table 1.
Example 6
This example prepared a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material using a formulation and method similar to those of example 1, except that: the contact conditions in the step (3) are as follows: the vacuum degree was-10 KPa, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1, to prepare a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material C6, see Table 1 for details.
Example 7
This example prepared a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material using a formulation and method similar to those of example 1, except that: the heating treatment conditions in the step (3) are as follows: the temperature is 200 ℃, the time is 15min, and the rest conditions are the same as those of the example 1, so that the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material C7 is prepared, and the specific reference is shown in the table 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example prepared a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite similar in formulation and method to example 1, except that: the gel material Q1 was replaced by the gel material S1 in equal weight, that is, the hydraulic inorganic gel material was used without using the air-hardening inorganic gel material, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1, to prepare a three-dimensional network porous composite material DC1, specifically referring to Table 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example prepared a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite similar in formulation and method to example 1, except that: a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material DC2 was prepared by replacing the gel material S1 with an equal weight of the gel material Q1, i.e., using only an air-setting inorganic gel material without using a hydraulic inorganic gel material, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1, and is specifically shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example prepared a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material using a formulation and method similar to those of example 1, except that: the dosage of the gel material S1 is 48wt%, the dosage of the gel material Q1 is 2wt%, namely the dosage weight ratio of the hydraulic inorganic gel material to the air-hardening inorganic gel material is 24:1, the other conditions are the same as the example 1, and a three-dimensional reticular porous composite material DC3 is prepared, and the details are shown in the table 1.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example prepared a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material using a formulation and method similar to those of example 1, except that: the amount of the gel material S1 was 63wt%, the amount of the gel material Q1 was 7wt%, and the amount of water was 27.5wt%, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1, to prepare a three-dimensional network-like porous composite material DC4, specifically referring to table 1.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example prepared a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material using a formulation and method similar to those of example 1, except that: the amount of the early strength agent I is 2wt%, the amount of the water is 46.5wt%, and the rest conditions are the same as those of the example 1, so that the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material DC5 is prepared, and the specific reference is given in Table 1.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example prepared a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite similar in formulation and method to example 1, except that: the water-retaining agent I was used in an amount of 0.7wt%, the water was used in an amount of 47wt%, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1, to prepare a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material DC6, as shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example prepared a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material using a formulation and method similar to those of example 1, except that: the dosage of the foam material I and the inorganic mortar is 1:7, namely, the amount of the inorganic mortar material used was 700 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the organic foam material, and the remaining conditions were the same as in example 1, to prepare a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material DC6, as specifically shown in table 1.
Test example
The three-dimensional reticulated porous composite materials obtained in the examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance tests, as follows, and the test results are shown in table 2.
1. Absolute dry density: the test was carried out according to the method in GB/T6343-2009 determination of apparent density of foams and rubbers.
2. Coefficient of thermal conductivity: the test was carried out according to the method of GB/T10295-2008 "Heat flow Meter method for determining the steady-state thermal resistance and related characteristics of thermal insulation materials".
3. Sound absorption coefficient (500 Hz): the test was carried out with reference to the method in EN ISO 11654-1997 rating of Acoustic absorber Sound absorption coefficient.
4. Flame retardant rating: the test was carried out according to the method in GB 8624-2012 "grading of Combustion Properties of building materials and products".
5. 14d compressive strength: the test is carried out according to the method in GB/T5486-2008 'test method for inorganic hard heat-insulating products'.
TABLE 1
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
The results in the table 2 show that the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material prepared by the composition provided by the invention has a three-dimensional reticular microstructure, is stable and controllable, has small volume weight, low thermal conductivity and good heat insulation and sound insulation performance, and can meet the A-grade flame retardant grade standard of the building energy-saving material.
FIG. 1 is a schematic microscopic view of a foam I provided by the present invention. As can be seen in fig. 1, the foam material has a uniform three-dimensional polyhedral open-cell structure.
The microscopic schematic diagrams of the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material C1, the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material C2, the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material C3, the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material C4, the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material C5, the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material C6 and the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material C7 provided by the invention are similar, and exemplarily, the microscopic schematic diagram of the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material C1 is provided by the invention. FIG. 2 is a microscopic schematic view of a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material C1 provided by the present invention.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material provided by the invention basically maintains the microscopic reticulated structure of the foam material, and has the advantages of uniform pore size, stability, controllability and the like.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A composition for preparing a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material, characterized in that it comprises the following components: organic foam materials and inorganic mortar materials;
the inorganic mortar material contains: inorganic gel material, aggregate, water reducing agent, early strength agent, defoaming agent, thixotropic agent, water-retaining agent and water;
the inorganic gel material is a combination of a hydraulic inorganic gel material and an air-hardening inorganic gel material, and the content weight ratio of the hydraulic inorganic gel material to the air-hardening inorganic gel material is 4-9:1;
the content of the inorganic mortar material is 200-600 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the organic foam material;
based on the total weight of the inorganic mortar material, the content of the inorganic gel material is 35-60wt%, the content of the aggregate is 0-10wt%, the content of the water reducing agent is 0.2-0.5wt%, the content of the early strength agent is 0.1-1wt%, the content of the defoaming agent is 0.1-0.5wt%, the content of the thixotropic agent is 0-5wt%, the content of the water retaining agent is 0.1-0.5wt%, and the content of the water is 10-50wt%.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the organic foam has a density of 8-50kg/m 3 The average pore diameter is 0.1-0.4mm, the aperture ratio is 90-100%, and the thermal conductivity is 0.02-0.03W/(m.K); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the organic foam material is selected from at least one of polyurethane foam and melamine formaldehyde resin foam.
3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydraulic inorganic gelling material has an average particle size of 3-32 μ ι η; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the hydraulic inorganic gel material is at least one selected from the group consisting of portland cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, chlorate cement and phosphate cement.
4. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the average particle size of the air-hardenable inorganic gel material is 5-45 μ ι η; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the air-hardening inorganic gel material is at least one of lime, magnesium oxide, gypsum and water glass.
5. The composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the aggregate is selected from at least one of quartz sand, calcium sand, gravel; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the water reducing agent is selected from at least one of methylene dimethyl dinaphthyl sodium sulfonate polymer, aliphatic hydroxyl sulfonate and polycarboxylate; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the early strength agent is selected from at least one of sulfate, chloride and organic matters.
6. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the defoamer is selected from at least one of silicone-based defoamers, polyether-based defoamers, mineral oil-based defoamers; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the thixotropic agent is selected from at least one of ultrafine microsphere aggregates; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the water retaining agent is at least one selected from cellulose ether and starch ether.
7. A process for the preparation of a three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material, characterized in that it is carried out using a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
(1) Firstly mixing an inorganic gel material, aggregate, a water reducing agent, an early strength agent, a defoaming agent, a thixotropic agent and a water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture I;
(2) Secondly, mixing the mixture I with water to obtain an inorganic mortar material;
(3) And (3) contacting an organic foam material with the inorganic mortar material, and then sequentially carrying out maintenance and heating treatment to obtain the three-dimensional reticular porous composite material.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein, in step (1), the conditions of the first mixing comprise: stirring at 30-60rpm at 5-40 deg.C for 3-6min.
9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein in step (2), the conditions of the second mixing comprise: stirring at 30-90rpm at 5-40 deg.C for 1-3min.
10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein in step (3), the contacting conditions comprise: the vacuum degree is-50 KPa to-75 KPa, the temperature is 5-40 deg.C, and the time is 3-5min.
11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein in step (3), the curing conditions include: the temperature is 5-40 deg.C, relative humidity is 50-55%, and time is 10-18d.
12. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein in step (3), the conditions of the heat treatment include: the temperature is 400-800 deg.C, and the time is 10-20min.
13. A three-dimensional reticulated porous composite material produced by the process of any one of claims 7 to 12.
14. Use of the three-dimensional reticulated porous composite of claim 13 in a building material.
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| CN103396061A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2013-11-20 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for manufacturing flame-retardant heat preservation material by employing waste foam |
| CN106316230A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-01-11 | 许长程 | Fire-resistant, heat-insulation and heat-preservation building material and preparation method therefor |
| CN113292280A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-08-24 | 内蒙古伟之杰节能装备有限公司 | Polyurethane composite light aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103396061A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2013-11-20 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for manufacturing flame-retardant heat preservation material by employing waste foam |
| CN106316230A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-01-11 | 许长程 | Fire-resistant, heat-insulation and heat-preservation building material and preparation method therefor |
| CN113292280A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-08-24 | 内蒙古伟之杰节能装备有限公司 | Polyurethane composite light aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof |
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