CN115396051B - System and method for single channel noise figure testing in multichannel receiving system - Google Patents
System and method for single channel noise figure testing in multichannel receiving system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for testing single-channel noise coefficients in a multichannel receiving system, wherein the system comprises the following components: the system comprises a noise coefficient tester, 1:M power dividers, M-N matched loads and a multi-channel receiving system to be tested; the 1 st to N th output ports of 1:M power divider are respectively connected with N input ports of the tested multichannel receiving system; wherein M is more than or equal to N; the (n+1) -M output ports of the 1:M power divider are respectively connected with M-N matched loads; the output port of the noise coefficient tester is connected with the input port of the 1:M power divider; the input port of the noise figure tester is connected with the output port of the tested multichannel receiving system. The invention realizes the test of the noise coefficient and the gain of a certain single channel in the multichannel receiving system and has the advantages of high test efficiency, convenient operation, simple calculation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a system and a method for testing a single-channel noise coefficient in a multichannel receiving system.
Background
With the development of digital radio frequency chip technology, the multichannel receiving system with adjustable amplitude and phase represented by the TR component plays an important role in beam scanning and beam forming, and becomes one of the most important components in the radio frequency system in the radar and communication fields.
With the increase of the number of channels and the enhancement of the integration level of devices, when the radio frequency chip of each channel is welded into the whole machine, the receiving system comprising the combiner only has a plurality of inlets and 1 outlet. However, when a certain channel fails to cause the noise coefficient of the whole machine to be increased, how to quickly complete the positioning of the failed channel with minimum cost is a testing difficulty.
The traditional thinking is to measure channel by channel: the inlet and the public output port of each receiving channel are connected into a two-port noise figure tester in sequence for testing. However, the method can only measure accurate values in the case that the active devices in the non-tested channels are powered off. With the improvement of the integration level of devices, most of the current receiving systems are powered on all channels (or all sub-channels) of an array plane at the same time, noise generated and amplified by active devices in non-tested channels is output together with the noise of the tested channels at a public outlet end, and the test result of the tested channels is interfered, so that the fault channels cannot be positioned.
The learner puts forward to connect the input port of the tested channel into the noise coefficient tester, the other input ports are connected with the matched load, the numerical control attenuator in the tested channel is set to 0 value and non-0 value in sequence, the measured total noise coefficient of the system is calculated, and the approximate estimation of the single-channel noise coefficient is realized. However, the method needs to be continuously plugged and unplugged, and for large-scale systems with hundreds of channels, the power on and off and device connection of the large-scale systems bring about larger time cost; in addition, when the gain of the front end of the attenuator does not satisfy the condition of more than 25dB, the approximation method brings about a large test error.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the system and the method for testing the single-channel noise coefficient in the multichannel receiving system aim to test the noise coefficient and the gain of a certain single channel in the multichannel receiving system, and have the advantages of high testing efficiency, convenience in operation, simplicity in calculation and the like.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a system for testing single-channel noise coefficients in a multi-channel receiving system, which comprises: the system comprises a noise coefficient tester, 1:M power dividers, M-N matched loads and a multi-channel receiving system to be tested;
The 1 st to N th output ports of 1:M power divider are respectively connected with N input ports of the tested multichannel receiving system; wherein M is more than or equal to N;
the (n+1) -M output ports of the 1:M power divider are respectively connected with M-N matched loads;
The output port of the noise coefficient tester is connected with the input port of the 1:M power divider;
The input port of the noise figure tester is connected with the output port of the tested multichannel receiving system.
In the above system for single channel noise figure test in a multi-channel receiving system, the multi-channel receiving system to be tested includes: n low-noise amplifiers, N phase-shifting attenuators, N passive devices and 1 combiner;
The 1 low noise amplifier is connected with the corresponding 1 phase-shifting attenuator and 1 passive device in series and then is connected with the input port of the circuit breaker;
The 1 st to N th output ports of 1:M power divider are respectively connected with N corresponding low-noise amplifiers;
the output port of the combiner is connected with the input port of the noise figure tester.
In the above system for single channel noise figure test in a multichannel receiving system, the phase-shifting attenuator comprises: a digitally controlled phase shifter and a digitally controlled attenuator;
the digital control phase shifter is used for adjusting the phase value of the phase shifting attenuator in each channel in the measured multi-channel receiving system;
the digital control attenuator is used for adjusting the attenuation value of the phase-shifting attenuator in the measured channel in the measured multi-channel receiving system.
In the system for single channel noise figure test in the multichannel receiving system, when testing:
First test: adjusting the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system to enable each channel output signal to be synthesized in phase at a combiner; setting the attenuation value of a numerical control attenuator in an nth tested channel in a tested multichannel receiving system as ATT n,1, wherein at the moment, the insertion loss of all devices at the rear end of a low noise amplifier in the nth tested channel is commonly recorded as L n,1, and the noise coefficient displayed by a noise coefficient tester is F testn,1 and gain G testn,1;
Second test: keeping the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system unchanged; setting the attenuation value of a numerical control attenuator in an nth measured channel in a measured multi-channel receiving system to be L times of ATT n,1, wherein the noise coefficient displayed by a noise coefficient tester is F testn,2 and gain G testn,2;
Based on the test results of the two tests, the noise factor F n and the gain G n of the nth tested channel when the attenuation value is ATT n,1 are calculated.
In the system for single channel noise figure test in the multichannel receiving system, the solution formulas of F n and G n are as follows:
Wherein F n,1 represents the total noise figure of the corresponding 1:M power divider and the whole multi-channel receiving system to be tested in the first test, G n,1 represents the total gain of the corresponding 1:M power divider and the whole multi-channel receiving system under test at the time of the first test,F n,2 represents the total noise figure of the 1:M power divider corresponding to the second test and the whole multi-channel receiving system under test,G n,2 represents the total gain of the corresponding 1:M power divider and the whole multi-channel receiving system under test during the second test,L pd represents the active loss of the 1:M power divider.
In the system for single channel noise figure testing in a multi-channel receiving system described above,
When m=n, the number of matching loads is 0, i.e., no matching load is used;
When M > N, the resistance of each matching load is 50Ω.
In the system for testing the single-channel noise coefficient in the multi-channel receiving system, for the equal power splitting and combining device with the active loss of L pc in the multi-channel receiving system to be tested, an attenuator with the insertion loss of L pc is equivalently connected in series with each channel, and the attenuator is recorded in L n,1, and finally the attenuator is synthesized through an ideal lossless combiner.
In the system for single-channel noise figure test in the multichannel receiving system, the noise figure tester is a two-port noise figure tester.
The invention also discloses a method for testing the single-channel noise coefficient in the multichannel receiving system, which comprises the following steps:
Constructing a test system;
A first test was performed: adjusting the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system to enable each channel output signal to be synthesized in phase at a combiner; setting the attenuation value of a numerical control attenuator in an nth tested channel in a tested multichannel receiving system as ATT n,1, wherein at the moment, the insertion loss of all devices at the rear end of a low noise amplifier in the nth tested channel is commonly recorded as L n,1, and the noise coefficient displayed by a noise coefficient tester is F testn,1 and gain G testn,1;
A second test was performed: keeping the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system unchanged; setting the attenuation value of a numerical control attenuator in an nth measured channel in a measured multi-channel receiving system to be L times of ATT n,1, wherein the noise coefficient displayed by a noise coefficient tester is F testn,2 and gain G testn,2;
Based on the test results of the two tests, the noise factor F n and the gain G n of the nth tested channel when the attenuation value is ATT n,1 are calculated.
In the above method for testing single channel noise coefficients in a multichannel receiving system, a test system is constructed, including:
The 1 st to N th output ports of 1:M th power divider are respectively connected with N input ports of the tested multichannel receiving system; wherein, the multichannel receiving system under test includes: n low-noise amplifiers, N phase-shifting attenuators, N passive devices and 1 combiner; the 1 st low-noise amplifier is connected with the corresponding 1 phase-shifting attenuator and the 1 passive device in series and then is connected with the input port of the circuit breaker, the 1 st to N th output ports of the 1:M power divider are respectively connected with the corresponding N low-noise amplifiers, and the output port of the combiner is connected with the input port of the noise coefficient tester; the phase-shifting attenuator includes: the digital control phase shifter is used for adjusting the phase value of the phase shifting attenuator in each channel in the multi-channel receiving system to be tested and the digital control attenuator is used for adjusting the attenuation value of the phase shifting attenuator in the channel to be tested in the multi-channel receiving system to be tested; m is more than or equal to N;
the (n+1) -M output ports of the 1:M power divider are respectively connected with M-N matched loads;
and connecting an output port of the noise figure tester with an input port of the 1:M power divider.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention discloses a system and a method for testing single-channel noise coefficients in a multichannel receiving system, which utilize a power divider and a laboratory universal noise coefficient tester to perform multiple tests by changing the phase value and the attenuation value of a phase-shifting attenuator in the multichannel receiving system to be tested, calculate and acquire the noise coefficients and the gains of all channels, and have the advantages of high testing efficiency, convenience in operation, simplicity in calculation and the like.
(2) Compared with the prior art that power-off plug-in is needed once for every channel replacement, the invention can complete the test of all channels only by once connection when the power divider is connected, thereby greatly improving the test efficiency.
(3) The invention discloses a system and a method for testing a single-channel noise coefficient in a multichannel receiving system, wherein the deducing process is not approximate, and the final test result is more accurate; and the front-end gain of the attenuator is not required, so that the application range is wider.
(4) The invention discloses a system and a method for testing single-channel noise coefficients in a multichannel receiving system, which have strong universality, and can be finished by using common general instruments in laboratories without customizing special ground detection equipment; on the other hand, the system has good compatibility with various ground detection systems based on the power divider, and can be used as a module to be embedded into the design of the multi-channel general ground detection equipment, so that the function of the system is enhanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a system for single channel noise figure testing in a multi-channel receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the system for single channel noise figure test in a multi-channel receiving system includes: the system comprises a noise coefficient tester, 1:M power dividers, M-N matched loads and a multi-channel receiving system to be tested. The 1 st to N th output ports of the 1:M th power divider are respectively connected with N input ports of the tested multichannel receiving system; the (n+1) -M output ports of the 1:M power divider are respectively connected with M-N matched loads; the output port of the noise coefficient tester is connected with the input port of the 1:M power divider; the input port of the noise figure tester is connected with the output port of the tested multichannel receiving system.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the measured multi-channel receiving system specifically may include: n low noise amplifiers, N phase-shifting attenuators, N passive devices and 1 combiner. The low-noise amplifier is connected with the input port of the circuit after being connected with the corresponding 1 phase-shifting attenuator and 1 passive device in series; the 1 st to N th output ports of 1:M power divider are respectively connected with N corresponding low-noise amplifiers; the output port of the combiner is connected with the input port of the noise figure tester.
Further, the phase-shifting attenuator may specifically include: a digital controlled phase shifter and a digital controlled attenuator. The digital control phase shifter is used for adjusting the phase value of the phase shifting attenuator in each channel in the measured multichannel receiving system. The digital control attenuator is used for adjusting the attenuation value of the phase-shifting attenuator in the measured channel in the measured multi-channel receiving system.
In this embodiment, M.gtoreq.N: when m=n, the M output ports of the 1:M power dividers exactly correspond to the N input ports of the measured multichannel receiving system, i.e. no matching load is used, and the number of matching loads is 0. When M > N, the resistance of M-N matched loads can be 50Ω. The noise figure tester may be a two-port noise figure tester.
In this embodiment, the working principle of the system for single channel noise coefficient test in the multichannel receiving system is as follows:
(1) First test: adjusting the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system to enable each channel output signal to be synthesized in phase at a combiner; the attenuation value of the numerical control attenuator in the nth tested channel in the tested multichannel receiving system is set to be ATT n,1, at this time, the insertion loss of all devices at the rear end of the low noise amplifier in the nth tested channel is marked as L n,1, and the noise coefficient displayed by the noise coefficient tester is F testn,1 and gain G testn,1. For an equal power splitting and combining device with the active loss of L pc in a measured multichannel receiving system, the equal power splitting and combining device is equivalent to that each channel is connected in series with an attenuator with the insertion loss of L pc, the attenuator is recorded in L n,1, and finally the attenuator is synthesized through an ideal lossless combiner.
(2) Second test: keeping the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system unchanged; the attenuation value of the digital attenuator in the nth measured channel in the measured multi-channel receiving system is set to be L times of ATT n,1, and at the moment, the noise coefficient displayed by the noise coefficient tester is F testn,2 and gain G testn,2.
(3) Based on the test results of the two tests, the noise factor F n and the gain G n of the nth tested channel when the attenuation value is ATT n,1 are calculated.
In the present embodiment, the solution formulas of F n and G n are as follows:
Wherein F n,1 represents the total noise figure of the corresponding 1:M power divider and the whole multi-channel receiving system to be tested in the first test, G n,1 represents the total gain of the corresponding 1:M power divider and the whole multi-channel receiving system under test at the time of the first test,F n,2 represents the total noise figure of the 1:M power divider corresponding to the second test and the whole multi-channel receiving system under test,G n,2 represents the total gain of the corresponding 1:M power divider and the whole multi-channel receiving system under test during the second test,L pd represents the active loss of the 1:M power divider.
On the basis of the embodiment, the invention also discloses a method for testing the single-channel noise coefficient in the multichannel receiving system, which comprises the following steps:
step 201, a test system is built.
In this embodiment, the test system shown in fig. 1 may be constructed first: the 1 st to N th output ports of 1:M th power divider are respectively connected with N input ports of the tested multichannel receiving system; the (n+1) -M output ports of the 1:M power divider are respectively connected with M-N matched loads; and connecting an output port of the noise figure tester with an input port of the 1:M power divider.
Step 202, a first test is performed.
Adjusting the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system to enable each channel output signal to be synthesized in phase at a combiner; the attenuation value of the numerical control attenuator in the nth tested channel in the tested multichannel receiving system is set to be ATT n,1, at this time, the insertion loss of all devices at the rear end of the low noise amplifier in the nth tested channel is marked as L n,1, and the noise coefficient displayed by the noise coefficient tester is F testn,1 and gain G testn,1.
Step 203, a second test is performed.
Keeping the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system unchanged; the attenuation value of the digital attenuator in the nth measured channel in the measured multi-channel receiving system is set to be L times of ATT n,1, and at the moment, the noise coefficient displayed by the noise coefficient tester is F testn,2 and gain G testn,2.
Step 204, based on the test results of the two tests, the noise factor F n and the gain G n of the nth tested channel when the attenuation value is ATT n,1 are calculated.
For the method embodiment, since it corresponds to the system embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the system embodiment section.
On the basis of the above embodiment, a specific simulation example will be described below.
In this embodiment, the power divider is connected to the input port of the multichannel receiving system under test, and the noise figure and gain of the whole system including the power divider are measured by using the noise figure tester. And adjusting the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system to enable the phase values to be combined in phase at the combiner. And sequentially setting attenuation values of the digital attenuators in the nth tested channel to ATT n,1 and ATT n,2 to obtain corresponding system total noise coefficient F 1,1,F1,2 and total gain G 1,1,G1,2. And finally, obtaining the noise coefficient and the gain of the nth tested channel through calculation. The implementation steps are as follows:
1) Instrument connection is performed.
The output port of the power divider is connected with each input port of the tested multichannel receiving system, and the output port and the input port of the noise figure tester are respectively connected with the input port of the power divider and the output port of the tested multichannel receiving system. The number of output ports of the power divider is m=4, the number of channels of the measured multichannel receiving system is n=3, namely M > N, and the redundant 1 output port of the power divider is connected with a 50Ω matching load.
2) A first test was performed:
And adjusting the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system to enable the output signals of each channel to be combined in phase at the combiner. For example, the measured channel number n=1, and the active loss L dp =1.1 dB of the 1:4 power divider is noted.
Setting the attenuation value of a digital control attenuator in a detected channel as ATT n,1, wherein the insertion loss of all passive devices (including phase-shifting attenuators) at the rear end of low-noise amplification in three channels of a detected multi-channel receiving system is 5dB; the gains of the low noise amplifier in the three channels are 25dB, 30dB and 30dB in sequence, and the noise coefficients are 3.4dB, 1.4dB and 1.4dB in sequence.
The read noise figure tester shows a noise figure F testn,1 = 4.328dB and a gain G testn,1 = 21.285dB.
3) A second test was performed:
The phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter is kept unchanged.
The attenuation value of the numerical control attenuator in the measured channel is set to be ATT n,2＝ATTn,1.L. Wherein L is 3dB.
The read noise figure tester shows a noise figure F testn,2 =4.447 dB and a gain G testn,2 = 20.710dB.
4) And calculating the noise coefficient and the gain of the tested channel.
Substituting the results of step 2) and step 3) into the following formula:
The noise factor F and gain G 1：F1＝3.4118dB、G1 = 19.9987dB of the measured channel 1 can be calculated. Compared with the theoretical value, the error is 0.0018dB and 0.0013dB respectively, and the test requirements are completely met.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make any possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical matters disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the embodiments described above according to the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the technical matters of the present invention.
What is not described in detail in the present specification belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A system for single channel noise figure testing in a multichannel reception system, comprising: the system comprises a noise coefficient tester, 1:M power dividers, M-N matched loads and a multi-channel receiving system to be tested;
The 1 st to N th output ports of 1:M power divider are respectively connected with N input ports of the tested multichannel receiving system; wherein M is more than or equal to N;
the (n+1) -M output ports of the 1:M power divider are respectively connected with M-N matched loads;
The output port of the noise coefficient tester is connected with the input port of the 1:M power divider;
the input port of the noise coefficient tester is connected with the output port of the multi-channel receiving system to be tested;
At the time of testing:
First test: adjusting the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system to enable each channel output signal to be synthesized in phase at a combiner; setting the attenuation value of a numerical control attenuator in an nth tested channel in a tested multichannel receiving system as ATT n,1, wherein at the moment, the insertion loss of all devices at the rear end of a low noise amplifier in the nth tested channel is commonly recorded as L n,1, and the noise coefficient displayed by a noise coefficient tester is F testn,1 and gain G testn,1;
Second test: keeping the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system unchanged; setting the attenuation value of a numerical control attenuator in an nth measured channel in a measured multi-channel receiving system to be L times of ATT n,1, wherein the noise coefficient displayed by a noise coefficient tester is F testn,2 and gain G testn,2;
Based on the test results of the two tests, the noise factor F n and the gain G n of the nth tested channel when the attenuation value is ATT n,1 are calculated:
Wherein F n,1 represents the total noise figure of the corresponding 1:M power divider and the whole multi-channel receiving system to be tested in the first test, G n,1 represents the total gain of the corresponding 1:M power divider and the whole multi-channel receiving system under test at the time of the first test,F n,2 represents the total noise figure of the 1:M power divider corresponding to the second test and the whole multi-channel receiving system under test,G n,2 represents the total gain of the corresponding 1:M power divider and the whole multi-channel receiving system under test during the second test,L pd represents the active loss of the 1:M power divider.
2. The system for single channel noise figure testing in a multi-channel receiving system of claim 1, wherein the multi-channel receiving system under test comprises: n low-noise amplifiers, N phase-shifting attenuators, N passive devices and 1 combiner;
The 1 low noise amplifier is connected with the corresponding 1 phase-shifting attenuator and 1 passive device in series and then is connected with the input port of the circuit breaker;
The 1 st to N th output ports of 1:M power divider are respectively connected with N corresponding low-noise amplifiers;
the output port of the combiner is connected with the input port of the noise figure tester.
3. The system for single channel noise figure testing in a multi-channel receiving system of claim 2, wherein the phase-shifting attenuator comprises: a digitally controlled phase shifter and a digitally controlled attenuator;
the digital control phase shifter is used for adjusting the phase value of the phase shifting attenuator in each channel in the measured multi-channel receiving system;
the digital control attenuator is used for adjusting the attenuation value of the phase-shifting attenuator in the measured channel in the measured multi-channel receiving system.
4. The system for single channel noise figure testing in a multi-channel receiving system as defined in claim 1, wherein,
When m=n, the number of matching loads is 0, i.e., no matching load is used;
When M > N, the resistance of each matching load is 50Ω.
5. The system for single channel noise figure testing in a multi-channel receiving system according to claim 1, wherein for an equal power splitting combiner with an active loss of L pd in the multi-channel receiving system under test, equivalent to each channel being serially connected with an attenuator with an insertion loss of L pd, the attenuator is written in L n,1, and finally the combination is performed by an ideal lossless combiner.
6. The system for single channel noise figure testing in a multi-channel receiving system of claim 1, wherein the noise figure tester is a two-port noise figure tester.
7. A method for single channel noise figure testing in a multichannel reception system based on the system of claim 1, comprising:
Constructing a test system;
A first test was performed: adjusting the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system to enable each channel output signal to be synthesized in phase at a combiner; setting the attenuation value of a numerical control attenuator in an nth tested channel in a tested multichannel receiving system as ATT n,1, wherein at the moment, the insertion loss of all devices at the rear end of a low noise amplifier in the nth tested channel is commonly recorded as L n,1, and the noise coefficient displayed by a noise coefficient tester is F testn,1 and gain G testn,1;
A second test was performed: keeping the phase value of each channel numerical control phase shifter in the measured multichannel receiving system unchanged; setting the attenuation value of a numerical control attenuator in an nth measured channel in a measured multi-channel receiving system to be L times of ATT n,1, wherein the noise coefficient displayed by a noise coefficient tester is F testn,2 and gain G testn,2;
Based on the test results of the two tests, the noise factor F n and the gain G n of the nth tested channel when the attenuation value is ATT n,1 are calculated.
8. The method for single channel noise figure testing in a multi-channel receiving system of claim 7, wherein constructing the testing system comprises:
The 1 st to N th output ports of 1:M th power divider are respectively connected with N input ports of the tested multichannel receiving system; wherein, the multichannel receiving system under test includes: n low-noise amplifiers, N phase-shifting attenuators, N passive devices and 1 combiner; the 1 st low-noise amplifier is connected with the corresponding 1 phase-shifting attenuator and the 1 passive device in series and then is connected with the input port of the circuit breaker, the 1 st to N th output ports of the 1:M power divider are respectively connected with the corresponding N low-noise amplifiers, and the output port of the combiner is connected with the input port of the noise coefficient tester; the phase-shifting attenuator includes: the digital control phase shifter is used for adjusting the phase value of the phase shifting attenuator in each channel in the multi-channel receiving system to be tested and the digital control attenuator is used for adjusting the attenuation value of the phase shifting attenuator in the channel to be tested in the multi-channel receiving system to be tested; m is more than or equal to N;
the (n+1) -M output ports of the 1:M power divider are respectively connected with M-N matched loads;
and connecting an output port of the noise figure tester with an input port of the 1:M power divider.
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