CN115395349A - Large-aperture laser system and beam quality diagnosis method thereof - Google Patents
Large-aperture laser system and beam quality diagnosis method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115395349A CN115395349A CN202211325869.4A CN202211325869A CN115395349A CN 115395349 A CN115395349 A CN 115395349A CN 202211325869 A CN202211325869 A CN 202211325869A CN 115395349 A CN115395349 A CN 115395349A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/0014—Monitoring arrangements not otherwise provided for
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/0014—Measuring characteristics or properties thereof
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-aperture laser system and a light beam quality diagnosis method thereof. A large aperture laser system comprising: a laser source device and a laser emitting device; the laser source device comprises a laser source, a first beam quality measuring device and a first window mirror; the laser emitting device comprises a second light beam quality measuring device, a relay mirror assembly, a telescope assembly and a second window mirror. The invention can realize focusing and focus detection of the large-caliber laser system, recheck the accuracy of the traditional emission beam quality test method and provide technical basis for designing the large-caliber laser system and testing the beam quality in future.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-energy laser, and particularly relates to a large-caliber laser system and a beam quality diagnosis method thereof.
Background
The high-energy laser system is widely applied to laser damage, laser energy transmission, laser communication and the like which need long-distance laser transmission. The high-energy laser system mainly comprises a laser source device, a laser emitting device, an energy management and control device and the like, and the working principle of the high-energy laser system is that the laser source device emits a small-caliber collimated light beam, the light path space is converted through a relay lens assembly of the laser emitting device, and the collimated light beam enters a telescope assembly to be expanded and emitted and is subjected to zooming adjustment, and then the large-caliber directional emission is carried out. In order to adapt to severe environments such as damp heat, salt mist, mould, dust and the like, window mirrors are arranged at the tail ends of the laser source device and the laser emitting device to realize segmented sealing, clean control and internal environment protection, and the normal operation of a high-energy laser system is guaranteed.
At present, the emission power of a high-energy laser system reaches tens of kilowatts or even hundreds of kilowatts, and the emission caliber also reaches a meter-level large caliber. The quality of the light beam is one of the important technical indexes of the laser system, and directly determines the focusing capacity of the laser after the laser system transmits in a long distance. The beam quality characterization represents the degree of deviation of the beam quality of the output laser from the ideal beam quality under the same condition, and is defined as the ratio of the far-field divergence angle of the output laser to the diffraction limit angle of the ideal beam:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,θ 1 in order to output the far-field divergence angle of the laser,θ 0 is an ideal diffraction limit angle of the light beam,
， 
。d 83.8% is the far-field spot diameter of 83.8 percent of the surrounding power ratio of the output laser, D is the near-field beam diameter of the ideal beam corresponding to the output laser,λin order to output the wavelength of the laser light,fthe equivalent focal length of the test device.
At present, the method for testing the quality of the light beam emitted by the large-aperture laser system mainly comprises a camera testing method and a target spot tester testing method. The camera test method is that output laser enters a large-caliber collimator after being attenuated and sampled by a large-caliber wedge lens, the size of a light spot focused by a camera at a focal plane is tested, and the quality of the emitted light beam is obtained through calculation. The target spot instrument testing method is characterized in that a target spot instrument is arranged at a position of hundreds of meters to thousands of meters, output laser reaches the target spot instrument after being transmitted by atmosphere to test the light spot distribution of the target laser, meanwhile, the atmosphere coherence length and the atmosphere visibility on a transmission channel are obtained through atmosphere measuring equipment, and the emission power and the emission beam quality of a laser system are obtained through calculation.
The method has certain limitations, a camera testing method needs to erect a large-caliber and high-flatness sampling wedge mirror and a large-caliber collimator outside a laser system, a target spot instrument testing method needs to be carried out on the basis of external testing conditions and complete equipment when a testing site is provided with a long-distance laser transmission channel, a target spot instrument and other equipment, and the testing systems cannot be integrated with the large-caliber laser system and cannot realize the quality on-line diagnosis and real-time monitoring of emitted laser beams.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks and needs of the prior art, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a large aperture laser system comprising: a laser source device and a laser emitting device;
the laser source device comprises a laser source, a first light beam quality measuring device and a first window mirror; the laser emission device comprises second light beam quality measuring equipment, a relay mirror assembly, a telescope assembly and a second window mirror;
the laser source is arranged at the head end of the laser source device, and the first window mirror is arranged at an angleθ First window mirror The sealing device is arranged at the tail end of the laser source device and is used for sealing the laser source device; the laser source emits a laser beam, the laser beam is reflected by a reflecting surface of a transmission area of the first window mirror to obtain a first sampling beam, and the first beam quality measuring device is arranged on a light path of the first sampling beam; the relay lens assembly and the telescope assembly are sequentially arranged on the light path of the laser beam, and the second window lens is arranged at an angleθ Second window mirror The sealing device is arranged at the tail end of the laser emitting device and used for sealing the laser emitting device; the laser beam is reflected by the reflecting surface of the second window mirror to obtain a second sampling beam, the second sampling beam returns to the laser emission light path again, and then is reflected by the reflecting areas of the telescopic assembly, the relay mirror assembly and the first window mirror to enter second beam quality measuring equipment, and the second beam quality measuring equipment is arranged at the tail end of the second sampling beam light path.
A method of beam quality diagnosis comprising the steps of:
s100: the first window mirror is at an angleθ First window mirror The laser source device is arranged at the tail end of the laser source device, so that the laser source device is sealed; the second window mirror is at an angleθ Second window mirror The laser emitting device is arranged at the tail end of the laser emitting device to seal the laser emitting device;
s200: the laser source device outputs a collimated laser beam with power of watt level or below, and the position of a telescope component of the laser emitting device is adjusted to enable the laser beam to be output as parallel laser; finely adjusting the relay mirror assembly according to the position of the light spot on the camera in the second light beam quality measuring device to enable the center of the light spot to be coincident with the center of the camera;
s300: the laser source outputs high-power collimated laser beams, the high-power collimated laser beams are reflected by a transmission area of the first window mirror to form a first sampling beam, the first sampling beam enters first beam quality measuring equipment, and the first sampling beam is measured by the first beam quality measuring equipmentTrying to obtain the beam quality of the first sampling beam, i.e. obtaining the beam quality of the laser beam output by the laser source deviceβ 1 ；
S400: the laser beam enters the laser emission device through the transmission area of the first window mirror and then is output after passing through the relay mirror assembly, the telescope assembly and the second window mirror; the laser beam is reflected by the second window mirror, the second sampling beam returns to the laser emission light path again, and then enters the second beam quality measuring device after being reflected by the reflection areas of the telescopic assembly, the relay mirror assembly and the first window mirror, and the second beam quality measuring device tests the beam quality of the second sampling beamβ 3 ；
S500: the laser beam is transmitted by the laser emitting device twice and enters the second beam quality measuring device, and the beam quality of the second sampling beamβ 3 The other expression method of (1) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,β 2 for the equivalent beam quality of the laser emitting device, the following can be calculated:
s600: further calculating to obtain the quality of the light beam emitted by the large-aperture laser systemβ Launching Comprises the following steps:
further, the laser source device outputs a small-caliber collimated laser beam.
Further, the first window mirror is used for sealing of the laser source device; the first window mirror adopts a regional film coating mode, a transmission region transmits laser beams output by the laser source, and a reflection surface of the transmission region performs laser sampling on the laser beams output by the laser source to obtain first sampling beams; the second sampling light beam is reflected in the reflection area of the first window mirror under the adjustment of the relay mirror assembly and returns to the laser source without passing through the transmission area, so that the protection of the laser source is realized.
Further, the second window mirror is used for sealing the laser emitting device, the second window mirror transmits the laser beam passing through the laser emitting device, and the second window mirror is used for reflecting the laser beam passing through the laser emitting device to perform laser sampling to obtain a second sampling beam.
Further, the relay mirror assembly comprises a first relay mirror, a second relay mirror, a third relay mirror and a fourth relay mirror; the relay mirror assembly is provided with at least one movable mirror for adjusting the angle of the second sampling light beam, so that the second sampling light beam is accurately reflected in the reflection area of the first window mirror, and the accurate measurement of the second light beam quality measurement equipment on the light beam quality is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the telescope assembly comprises a telescope main assembly and a telescope secondary assembly, and beam expanding emission and zooming adjustment of emergent laser are performed; and in the light beam quality testing process, the relative positions of the telescope main lens assembly and the telescope secondary lens assembly are adjusted to enable the laser beams to be emitted in parallel.
Further, in the process of adjusting the relative position of the telescope assembly, the diameter of a light spot on a camera in the second light beam quality measuring device changes in real time; when the laser beam is emitted in parallel, the diameter of the light spot is minimum, and the corresponding laser emitting device is located at the focus position so as to correct the focus position of the large-caliber laser system.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. the large-caliber laser system provided by the invention can be used for testing the quality of the light beam emitted by the large-caliber laser system on line without the help of external testing conditions and equipment, so that the real-time performance and the simplicity of the test are improved.
2. The invention can realize focusing and focus detection of the large-aperture laser system, rechecks the accuracy of the traditional emitted beam quality testing method and provides technical basis for the design of the large-aperture laser system and the beam quality testing method in the future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large-aperture laser system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in all the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features, in particular: 1-laser source device, 2-laser source, 3-first light beam quality measuring device, 4-first window mirror, 5-laser emitting device, 6-second light beam quality measuring device, 7-relay mirror assembly, 7-1-first relay mirror, 7-2-second relay mirror, 7-3-third relay mirror, 7-4-fourth relay mirror, 8-telescope assembly, 8-1-telescope secondary mirror assembly, 8-2-telescope primary mirror assembly, 9-second window mirror, 10-first sampling light beam, 11-second sampling light beam and 12-laser beam.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention relates to a large-aperture laser system, including: a laser light source device 1 and a laser emitting device 5;
the laser source device 1 comprises a laser source 2, a first beam quality measuring device 3 and a first window mirror 4; the laser emission device 5 comprises a second light beam quality measuring device 6, a relay mirror assembly 7, a telescope assembly 8 and a second window mirror 9;
the laser source 2 is arranged at the head end of the laser source device 1, and the first window mirror 4 is arranged at an angleθ First window mirror Is arranged at the tail end of the laser source device 1 and is used for sealing the laser source device 1; the laser source 2 emits a laser beam 12, the laser beam 12 is reflected by a reflecting surface of a transmission area of the first window mirror 4 to obtain a first sampling beam 10, and the first beam quality measuring device 3 is arranged on an optical path of the first sampling beam 10; a relay lens assembly 7 and a telescope assembly 8 are sequentially provided on the optical path of the laser beam 12, and a second window lens 9 is disposed at an angleθ Second window mirror The sealing device is arranged at the tail end of the laser emitting device 5 and is used for sealing the laser emitting device 5; the laser beam 12 is reflected by the reflecting surface of the second window mirror 9 to obtain a second sampling beam 11, the second sampling beam 11 returns to the laser emission light path again, and then is reflected by the reflecting areas of the telescope component 8, the relay mirror component 7 and the first window mirror 4 to enter the second beam quality measuring device, and the second beam quality measuring device 6 is arranged at the tail end of the light path of the second sampling beam 11.
Based on the system, the system also relates to a light beam quality diagnosis method, which comprises the following steps:
s100: the first window mirror 4 is at an angleθ First window mirror Is arranged at the tail end of the laser source device 1 to seal the laser source device 1; the second window mirror 9 is at an angleθ Second window mirror Is arranged at the tail end of the laser emitting device 5 to seal the laser emitting device 5;
whereinθ First window mirror =D 1 /L 1 ，D 1 The spot diameter of the laser beam in the laser source device 1,L 1 is the optical path of the laser beam in the laser source device 1;θ second window mirror =D 2 /L 2 ，D 2 Which is the spot diameter of the laser beam in the laser transmitter 5,L2is the optical path of the laser beam in the laser emitting device 5;
s200: the laser source device 1 outputs a collimated laser beam 12 with power of watt level or below, and the position of a telescope component 8 of the laser emitting device 5 is adjusted to enable the laser beam 12 to be output as parallel laser; finely adjusting a relay mirror assembly 7 according to the position of a light spot on a camera in the second light beam quality measuring equipment 6 to enable the center of the light spot to be coincident with the center of the camera;
s300: the laser source 2 outputs a high-power collimated laser beam 12, the high-power collimated laser beam is reflected by a transmission area of the first window mirror 4 to form a first sampling beam 10, the first sampling beam 10 enters the first beam quality measuring device 3, the first beam quality measuring device 3 tests the beam quality of the first sampling beam 10, and the beam quality of the laser beam 12 output by the laser source device 1 is obtainedβ 1 ；
S400: the laser beam 12 enters through the transmission region of the first window mirror 4Entering a laser emission device 5, and then outputting through a relay mirror assembly 7, a telescope assembly 8 and a second window mirror 9; after the laser beam 12 is reflected by the second window mirror 9, the second sampling beam 11 returns to the laser emission light path again, and then enters the second beam quality measuring equipment 6 after being reflected by the reflection areas of the telescopic component 8, the relay mirror component 7 and the first window mirror 4, the second beam quality measuring equipment 6 tests the beam quality of the second sampling beam 11β 3 ；
S500: the laser beam 12 is transmitted twice by the laser emitting device 5 and enters the second beam quality measuring device 6, and the beam quality of the second sampling beam 11β 3 The other expression method of (1) is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,β 2 for the equivalent beam quality of the laser emitting device, the following can be calculated:
s600: further calculating to obtain the quality of the light beam emitted by the large-aperture laser systemβ Launching Comprises the following steps:
the first light beam quality measuring device 3 comprises a first beam reduction system, a first attenuation sheet, a first light spot monitoring camera and the like;
the second light beam quality measuring device 6 comprises a second beam reduction system, a second attenuation sheet, a second light spot monitoring camera and the like;
the beam quality characterization represents the degree of deviation of the beam quality of the output laser from the ideal beam quality under the same condition, and is defined as the ratio of the far-field divergence angle of the output laser to the diffraction limit angle of the ideal beam:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,θ 1 in order to output the far-field divergence angle of the laser,θ 0 is an ideal diffraction limit angle of the light beam,
， 
。d 83.8% is the far-field spot diameter of the output laser with the surrounding power ratio of 83.8 percent, D is the near-field beam diameter of an ideal beam corresponding to the output laser,λin order to output the wavelength of the laser light,fis the equivalent focal length of the testing device; the above parameters are all known quantities.
Obtaining the beam quality of the first sampled beam 10 according to the above formulaβ 1 (i.e., the beam quality of the laser beam 12 output by the laser source 2) and the beam quality of the second sample beam 11β 3 。
The laser source device 1 outputs a small-caliber collimated laser beam 12.
The first window mirror 4 is used for sealing the laser source device 1; the first window mirror 4 adopts a regional film coating mode, a transmission region transmits the laser beam 12 output by the laser source, and the laser beam 12 output by the laser source 2 is subjected to laser sampling by using a reflection surface of the transmission region to obtain a first sampling beam 10; the second sampling beam 11 is reflected by the reflection area of the first window mirror 4 under the adjustment of the relay mirror assembly 7 and returns to the laser source 2 without passing through the transmission area, so that the protection of the laser source 2 is realized.
The second window mirror 9 is used for sealing the laser emitting device 5, the second window mirror 9 transmits the laser beam 12 passing through the laser emitting device 5, and the laser beam 12 passing through the laser emitting device 5 is subjected to laser sampling by using the reflection surface of the second window mirror 9, so that a second sampling beam 11 is obtained.
The relay lens assembly 7 comprises a first relay lens 7-1, a second relay lens 7-2, a third relay lens 7-3 and a fourth relay lens 7-4; the relay mirror assembly 7 is provided with at least one movable mirror for adjusting the angle of the second sampling light beam 11, so that the second sampling light beam 11 is accurately reflected in the reflection area of the first window mirror 4, and the accurate measurement of the second light beam quality measurement equipment 6 on the light beam quality is guaranteed.
The telescope assembly 8 comprises a telescope main assembly 8-2 and a telescope secondary assembly 8-1, and beam expanding emission and zooming adjustment of emergent laser are performed; and in the light beam quality testing process, the relative positions of the telescope main lens assembly 8-2 and the telescope secondary lens assembly 8-1 are adjusted, so that the laser beam 12 is emitted in parallel.
In the process of adjusting the relative position of the telescope assembly 8, the diameter of the light spot on the camera in the second light beam quality measuring device 6 changes in real time; when the laser beam 12 is emitted in parallel, the diameter of the light spot is minimum, and the corresponding laser emitting device 5 is in the focus position, so that the focus position of the large-aperture laser system is corrected.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only for the purpose of illustrating the structural relationship and principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A large aperture laser system, characterized by: comprises a laser source device (1) and a laser emitting device (5);
the laser source device (1) comprises a laser source (2), a first light beam quality measuring device (3) and a first window mirror (4); the laser emitting device (5) comprises a second beam quality measuring device (6), a relay mirror assembly (7), a telescope assembly (8) and a second window mirror (9);
the laser source (2) is arranged at the head end of the laser source device (1), and the first window mirror (4) is arranged on the head endθ First window mirror Installed at the end of a laser source device (1), the laser source (2) emits a laser beam (12), the laser beam (12) is reflected by a reflecting surface of a transmission area of a first window mirror (4) to obtain a first sampling beam (10), and the first beam qualityThe measuring device (3) is arranged on the optical path of the first sampling beam (10); a relay lens assembly (7) and a telescope assembly (8) are sequentially arranged on the light path of the laser beam (12), and a second window lens (9) is arranged at an angleθ Second window mirror The laser beam quality measuring device is arranged at the tail end of a laser emitting device (5), a laser beam (12) is reflected by a reflecting surface of a second window mirror (9) to obtain a second sampling light beam (11), the second sampling light beam (11) returns to a laser emitting light path again, and then is reflected by a reflecting area of a telescopic assembly (8), a relay mirror assembly (7) and a first window mirror (4) to enter a second light beam quality measuring device (6), and the second light beam quality measuring device (6) is arranged at the tail end of a light path of the second sampling light beam (11).
2. A method of beam quality diagnosis, characterized by: the large-aperture laser system of claim 1 is used for realizing the method, and comprises the following steps:
s100: the first window mirror (4) is at an angleθ First window mirror The laser source device (1) is arranged at the tail end of the laser source device (1) to seal the laser source device (1); the second window mirror (9) is at an angleθ Second window mirror Is arranged at the tail end of the laser emitting device (5) to seal the laser emitting device (5);
s200: the laser source device (1) outputs a collimated laser beam (12) with power of watt level or below, and the position of a telescope component (8) of the laser emitting device (5) is adjusted to enable the laser beam (12) to be output as parallel laser; finely adjusting a relay mirror assembly (7) according to the position of a light spot on a camera in a second light beam quality measuring device (6) to enable the center of the light spot to coincide with the center of the camera;
s300: the laser source (2) outputs a high-power collimated laser beam (12), a first sampling beam (10) is formed after the high-power collimated laser beam is reflected by a transmission area of the first window mirror (4) and enters the first beam quality measuring device (3), the first beam quality measuring device (3) tests the beam quality of the first sampling beam (10), and the beam quality of the laser beam (12) output by the laser source device (1) is obtainedβ 1 ；
S400: laser beam (12)The laser beam enters the laser emission device (5) through the transmission area of the first window mirror (4), and then is output after passing through the relay mirror assembly (7), the telescope assembly (8) and the second window mirror (9); after the laser beam (12) is reflected by the second window mirror (9), the second sampling beam (11) returns to the laser emission light path again, and then enters the second beam quality measuring device (6) after being reflected by the reflection areas of the telescopic component (8), the relay mirror component (7) and the first window mirror (4), and the second beam quality measuring device (6) tests to obtain the beam quality of the second sampling beam (11)β 3 ；
S500: the laser beam (12) is transmitted by the laser emitting device (5) twice and enters the second light beam quality measuring device (6), and the light beam quality of the second sampling light beam (11)β 3 Comprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,β 2 for the equivalent beam quality of the laser emitting device, the following can be obtained through calculation:
s600: further calculating to obtain the quality of the light beam emitted by the large-aperture laser systemβ Launching Comprises the following steps:
3. a beam quality diagnostic method according to claim 2, wherein:
the laser source device (1) outputs a small-caliber collimated laser beam (12).
4. A beam quality diagnostic method according to claim 2, wherein:
the first window mirror (4) adopts a regional film coating mode, a transmission region transmits the laser beam (12) output by the laser source, and the laser beam (12) output by the laser source (2) is subjected to laser sampling by using the reflection surface of the transmission region to obtain a first sampling beam (10); the second sampling light beam (11) is reflected in the reflection area of the first window mirror (4) under the adjustment of the relay mirror assembly (7) and returns to the laser source (2) without passing through the transmission area.
5. A beam quality diagnostic method according to claim 2, wherein:
the second window mirror (9) transmits the laser beam (12) passing through the laser emitting device (5), and the laser beam (12) passing through the laser emitting device (5) is subjected to laser sampling by the reflection surface of the second window mirror (9) to obtain a second sampling beam (11).
6. A beam quality diagnostic method according to claim 2, wherein:
the relay lens assembly (7) comprises a first relay lens (7-1), a second relay lens (7-2), a third relay lens (7-3) and a fourth relay lens (7-4); at least one movable mirror is arranged in the relay mirror assembly (7) and used for adjusting the angle of the second sampling light beam (11), so that the second sampling light beam (11) is reflected in the reflection area of the first window mirror (4).
7. A beam quality diagnostic method according to claim 2, wherein:
the telescope assembly (8) comprises a telescope main assembly (8-2) and a telescope secondary assembly (8-1) and is used for carrying out beam expanding emission and zooming adjustment on emergent laser; in the light beam quality testing process, the relative positions of the telescope main assembly (8-2) and the telescope secondary assembly (8-1) are adjusted, so that the laser beams (12) are emitted in parallel.
8. A beam quality diagnostic method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein:
in the relative position adjusting process of the telescope component (8), the diameter of a light spot on a camera in the second light beam quality measuring device (6) changes in real time; when the laser beam (12) is emitted in parallel, the diameter of a light spot is minimum, and the corresponding laser emitting device (5) is located at a focus position so as to correct the focus position of the large-caliber laser system.
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