CN115395045A - Heat management system and control method for starting and running of high-temperature PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) for vehicle - Google Patents
Heat management system and control method for starting and running of high-temperature PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) for vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
- H01M8/122—Corrugated, curved or wave-shaped MEA
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat management system for starting and running of a high-temperature PEMFC for a vehicle, which comprises a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a composite temperature-equalizing plate, a heating sheet, a preheater and a radiator, wherein the preheater and the radiator are connected through a pipeline and are arranged at two ends of the composite temperature-equalizing plate. The composite temperature-equalizing plate is placed in the middle of the battery, and the high heat conductivity coefficient of the composite temperature-equalizing plate is utilized to equalize the temperature of the battery and realize the heat conduction between the battery stack and the outside. In the starting stage, the storage battery and the heating sheet can be used for heating two ends of the composite temperature-equalizing plate, so that the quick starting of the cell stack is realized. In the operation stage, the fuel with the temperature lower than the operation temperature of the battery is heated by the preheater, meanwhile, partial heat of the battery stack is carried out, cold air is introduced into the radiator to discharge the heat of the battery stack, the discharged high-temperature air is used for vehicle heating, and the residual hydrogen is recycled after being purified. The invention has the advantages of easy operation and simple principle, not only meets the starting and running heat management requirements of the cell stack, but also reasonably utilizes the residual fuel and the heat of the cell stack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy technology application, and particularly relates to a heat management system for starting and operating a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
Background
A high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) is a device that can be used in passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, light aviation, and other portable and stationary power stations. The device has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, less pollutant discharge and the like, and has important practical significance for realizing carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization.
The operating temperature range of the HT-PEMFC is 120-200 ℃. Since the required operating temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, the temperature of the stack needs to be raised to a range where it can operate, i.e., 120 ℃, before stable operation. When the temperature of the electric pile reaches 120 ℃, the fuel needed by the electric pile is introduced, and the stage is called a starting stage. The chemical reactions occurring in HT-PEMFCs are exothermic reactions, which require a cooling medium and a heat sink to dissipate heat during operation. When the start-up is completed and the stable operation stage is entered, the cell stack needs to be continuously cooled to maintain the normal operation temperature. In addition, during stack operation, excess fuel is typically bled into the stack for better performance. Therefore, in order to reduce the complexity of the whole system, on the premise of ensuring the efficiency and the performance, how to use a simple system to simultaneously achieve fuel preheating, starting heating and heat dissipation is very important for the practical application of the system.
The reasonable and efficient thermal management system can not only reduce the complexity of the system, but also improve the overall efficiency of the system. The HT-PEMFC mainly has a structure of a bipolar plate, a diffusion layer, a catalytic layer, a membrane and the like. In most conventional fuel cell thermal management systems, fuel flow channels and coolant flow channels are directly formed in bipolar plates. Considering that the working temperature of HT-PEMFC is above 120 ℃ and is higher than the boiling point of water, so that the HT-PEMFC is difficult to meet the cooling requirement, air and heat conducting oil are more applied as cooling media. To obtain a more uniform temperature, a more complex cooling flow path is usually required, which greatly increases the pressure drop of the cooling medium and increases the parasitic power. In addition, the conduction oil is communicated to the inside of the cell stack, and the risk of leakage also exists. How to realize better heat dissipation and make the whole system simple and easy to operate is favorable for popularization and application in practice.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a thermal management system for starting and running of a high-temperature PEMFC for a vehicle, which utilizes a composite temperature-equalizing plate, a preheater and a radiator to realize fuel preheating, starting heating and radiating of a cell stack and fuel recycling.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a thermal management system for starting and running of a high-temperature PEMFC for a vehicle, which comprises a heating system, a heat dissipation system, a residual fuel and a residual heat recycling system thereof; composite temperature-equalizing plates are arranged among a plurality of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells of the fuel cell stack, and protruding ends are arranged at two ends of each composite temperature-equalizing plate, which are opposite to the two ends of each high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell;
the heating system comprises heating sheets arranged at two protruding ends of the composite temperature-uniforming plate respectively, the heating sheets at the two protruding ends are connected in parallel and then are connected to one end of a line switch through a heating line E and a heating line F respectively, and the other end of the line switch is connected to a storage battery;
the heat dissipation system comprises a fuel preheater and a radiator, the fuel preheater is arranged at a protruding end of the composite temperature equalizing plate, the fuel preheater is provided with a fuel preheating air inlet pipeline and electric pile air inlet pipelines respectively connected to the cathode and anode inlets of the fuel cell pile, and the fuel preheating air inlet pipeline is provided with a valve; the fuel preheating air inlet pipeline comprises an air inlet pipe G and a hydrogen inlet pipe H, and the electric pile air inlet pipeline comprises a preheated air inlet pipe A and a preheated hydrogen inlet pipe B; the radiator is arranged at the other protruding end of the composite temperature-equalizing plate, and an inlet and an outlet of the radiator are respectively connected to the cooling air inlet pipeline I and the cooling air outlet pipeline M;
the fuel and residual heat recycling system comprises an anode fuel hydrogen recycling pipeline C connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe H from an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack and a cathode fuel air residual heat recycling pipeline D connected to the cooling air outlet pipeline M in parallel from a cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack; and the cooling air outlet pipeline M and the cathode fuel air waste heat utilization pipeline D are connected in parallel and then are connected to the air conditioner heat exchanger through an air mixing pipeline J.
The composite temperature-equalizing plate is characterized in that a layer of material with the thermal conductivity more than 1500W/m.K is compounded on the surface of a metal plate or a material with the thermal conductivity more than 200W/m.K.
The material with the thermal conductivity more than 1500W/m.K is preferably flexible graphite flake or graphene.
The number of the composite temperature-equalizing plates is determined according to working conditions and actual requirements, and one composite temperature-equalizing plate is arranged between adjacent high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells or one composite temperature-equalizing plate is arranged between every 1 to a plurality of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
And a purifier is arranged on the anode fuel hydrogen recycling pipeline C.
And a valve is arranged on the cooling air inlet pipeline I.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a control method of the thermal management system, which mainly comprises the following steps:
when the fuel cell stack is started, the circuit switch is opened, and the heating sheets arranged on the two protruding ends of the composite temperature-equalizing plate are heated through the heating circuit E and the heating circuit F; the heat is quickly transferred to all high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells by utilizing the quick heat conduction characteristic of the composite temperature-equalizing plate; meanwhile, a valve on the air inlet pipe G is opened to heat the fuel cell stack; and when the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset heating temperature, closing the line switch and stopping heating.
When the fuel cell stack is in a stable working state, the heat dissipation system is started to dissipate heat of the working fuel cell stack, so that the fuel cell stack is maintained at a reasonable working temperature; the fuel preheater and the radiator radiate the heat of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell at the cell end; the cathode and anode fuel air and hydrogen are lower than the operation temperature of the cell and respectively enter the fuel preheater through the air inlet pipe G and the hydrogen inlet pipe H, the fuel preheater is utilized to transfer the heat conducted by the composite temperature-equalizing plate from the fuel cell stack to the fuel therein, and the fuel lower than the operation temperature of the fuel cell stack is heated; the preheated hydrogen and air are respectively sent to the interior of the fuel cell stack through a preheated air inlet pipe A and a preheated hydrogen inlet pipe B, the residual hydrogen is introduced into the anode fuel hydrogen recycling pipeline C, and the residual air and product steam are introduced into the cathode fuel air waste heat recycling pipeline D; the other end of the fuel cell stack utilizes external cold air to dissipate heat of the fuel cell stack, a valve on the cooling air inlet pipeline I is opened, the cold air is led into the radiator through the cooling air inlet pipeline I, and the cold air is led to the cooling air outlet pipeline M after absorbing heat conducted by the fuel cell stack.
The residual hydrogen is led to the anode fuel hydrogen recycling pipeline C and then passes through the purifier to remove the water vapor and the phosphoric acid contained in the hydrogen; mixing the purified hydrogen with the hydrogen in the hydrogen inlet pipe H, and then introducing the mixture into the fuel preheater again to realize the reutilization of the residual hydrogen; the residual air and product water vapor from the fuel cell stack in the cathode fuel air waste heat utilization pipeline D are mixed with the air in the cooling air outlet pipeline M and are introduced into the air-conditioning heat exchanger through an air mixing pipeline J, and the heat absorbed by the residual air and product water vapor from the fuel cell stack and the air in the cooling air outlet pipeline M from the fuel cell stack is transferred to the air-conditioning inlet air from the air-conditioning heat exchanger through the air-conditioning heat exchanger; when the space in the vehicle needs to supply heat, a valve on an air inlet pipeline K of the air conditioner heat exchanger is opened, and heated air conditioner inlet air flows to the space in the vehicle through an air outlet pipeline L of the air conditioner heat exchanger; and finally, discharging a gas discharge pipeline N from the air mixing pipeline J and passing through the air-conditioning heat exchanger to the environment, so that the waste heat utilization of the electric pile is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the bipolar plate of the heat dissipation structure in the heat management system has no cooling medium flow channel, so that the structure of the bipolar plate is simplified, and the risk of cooling medium leakage does not exist; the composite temperature-equalizing plate with high heat conduction characteristic can realize more uniform temperature distribution in the fuel cell stack; the heat management system not only has simple control and easy operation, but also can effectively utilize the waste gas and waste heat of the HT-PEMFC pile and effectively improve the efficiency of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the thermal management system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of fuel preheating and heat removal in the thermal management system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of heater chips on the composite vapor plate of the thermal management system of FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1-fuel cell stack, 2-composite temperature equalizing plate, 3-radiator, 4-fuel preheater, 5-heating plate, 6-third valve, 7-purifier, 8-storage battery, 9-circuit switch, 10-fourth valve, 11-air-conditioning heat exchanger, 12-first valve, 13-second valve and 14-high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1, the thermal management system for starting and operating a high-temperature PEMFC for a vehicle according to the present invention includes a heating system, a heat dissipation system, a residual fuel and its residual heat recycling system; the composite temperature-equalizing plate 2 is arranged among a plurality of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells 14 of the fuel cell stack 1.
The composite temperature equalizing plate 2 is formed by compounding a layer of material with the thermal conductivity more than 1500W/m.K on the surface of a metal plate or a material with the thermal conductivity more than 200W/m.K. The material with the thermal conductivity of more than 1500W/m.K is flexible graphite sheet or graphene. The number of the composite temperature-equalizing plates 2 is determined according to working conditions and actual requirements, and one composite temperature-equalizing plate 2 is arranged between adjacent high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells or one composite temperature-equalizing plate 2 is arranged between every two adjacent high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells at intervals of 1 to multiple high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The composite temperature equalizing plate 2 has protruding ends opposite to both ends of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 14.
The heating system comprises heating plates, a storage battery 8, a line switch 9 and a heating line, wherein the heating plates are respectively arranged at two protruding ends of the composite temperature-equalizing plate 2, the heating plates 5-a are arranged at one protruding end, the heating plates 5-b are arranged at the other end of the other protruding end, the heating plates 5-a on all the composite temperature-equalizing plates 2 are connected to one end of the line switch 9 through a heating line F, the heating plates 5-b on all the composite temperature-equalizing plates 2 are also connected to the same end of the line switch 9 through a heating line E, and the other end of the line switch 9 is connected to the storage battery 8.
The heat dissipation system includes a fuel preheater 4 and a radiator 3. The fuel preheater 4 is arranged at a protruding end of the composite temperature-equalizing plate 2, the fuel preheater 4 is provided with a fuel preheating air inlet pipeline and a galvanic pile air inlet pipeline which is respectively connected to the cathode and anode inlets of the fuel cell pile 1, the galvanic pile air inlet pipeline comprises a preheated air inlet pipe A and a preheated hydrogen inlet pipe B, the fuel preheating air inlet pipeline comprises an air inlet pipe G and a hydrogen inlet pipe H, the air inlet pipe G is provided with a first valve 12, and the hydrogen inlet pipe H is provided with a second valve 13; the radiator 3 is arranged at the other protruding end of the composite temperature equalizing plate 2, an inlet and an outlet of the radiator 3 are respectively connected to a cooling air inlet pipeline I and a cooling air outlet pipeline M, and a third valve 6 is arranged on the cooling air inlet pipeline I.
The fuel and residual heat recycling system comprises an anode fuel hydrogen recycling pipeline C connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe H from an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and a cathode fuel air residual heat recycling pipeline D connected to the cooling air outlet pipeline M in parallel from a cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack 1; the purifier 7 is provided on the anode fuel hydrogen reuse pipe C, and the purifier 7 of the present invention has the main function of removing water vapor and phosphoric acid in hydrogen, and can be used as long as it can achieve the function and has a small volume and a simple structure. The cooling air outlet pipeline M and the cathode fuel air waste heat utilization pipeline D are connected in parallel and then connected to the air-conditioning heat exchanger 11 through the air mixing pipeline J, the air-conditioning heat exchanger 11 is provided with an air-conditioning heat exchanger air inlet pipeline K, an air-conditioning heat exchanger air outlet pipeline L and a gas discharge pipeline N, and the air-conditioning heat exchanger air inlet pipeline K is provided with a fourth valve 10.
As shown in fig. 1, a hydrogen inlet pipe H and an air inlet pipe G for anode fuel hydrogen and cathode fuel air are connected to the inlet of the fuel preheater 4, and a preheated air inlet pipe a and a preheated hydrogen inlet pipe B reach the outlet after preheating; the preheated air inlet pipe A and the preheated hydrogen inlet pipe B are connected with an air inlet of the fuel cell stack 1, and after the preheated air and the preheated hydrogen flow through the fuel cell stack 1, the residual fuel and the resultant are respectively sent to an anode fuel hydrogen recycling pipeline C and a cathode fuel air residual heat recycling pipeline D; the cooling air inlet pipeline I is connected with an inlet of the radiator 3, and cooling air passes through the radiator 3 and then is sent to the cooling air outlet pipeline M; the cooling air outlet pipeline M is mixed with the cathode fuel air waste heat utilization pipeline D and then is sent to an air mixing pipeline J, and the anode fuel hydrogen recycling pipeline C is connected with a hydrogen inlet pipe H; the air in the air mixing pipeline J passes through the air conditioner heat exchanger 11 and then is sent to the external environment; after passing through the air-conditioning heat exchanger 11, the heating gas of the air-conditioning heat exchanger air inlet pipeline K is sent to the required environment through the air-conditioning heat exchanger air outlet pipeline L;
in the invention, the composite temperature-uniforming plate 2 is placed in the middle of a fuel cell, two sides of the composite temperature-uniforming plate protrude out of the fuel cell, one side of the composite temperature-uniforming plate is combined with a fuel preheater 4, the other side of the composite temperature-uniforming plate is combined with a radiator 3, and a heating sheet 5-a and a heating sheet 5-b are respectively placed at two ends of the composite temperature-uniforming plate; the storage battery 8 is connected with heating circuits E and F respectively after passing through a circuit switch 9, the heating circuit E is connected to one end of the composite temperature-uniforming plate 2, which is provided with the fuel preheater 4, and the heating circuit F is connected to one end of the composite temperature-uniforming plate 2, which is provided with the radiator 3. The connection mode of each pipeline and device can refer to fig. 1, and the arrangement mode of the fuel preheater 4 and the radiator 3 and the composite temperature-equalizing plate 2 can refer to fig. 2 and 3.
In the invention, the composite temperature-uniforming plate 2 is a device shared by a heating system and a radiating system.
The heating system in the present invention is used in the start-up phase of the fuel cell stack 1. When the fuel cell stack 1 is started, the circuit switch 9 is turned on, the storage battery 8 is started, and the heating sheets arranged on the two protruding ends of the composite temperature-uniforming plate 2 are heated through the heating circuit E and the heating circuit F; after the two ends of the composite temperature equalizing plate 2 are heated, the heat is rapidly conducted to all high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells 14 by utilizing the rapid heat conduction characteristic of the composite temperature equalizing plate 2, meanwhile, a first valve 12 on the air inlet pipe G and a second valve 13 on the hydrogen inlet pipe H are opened, and the fuel cell stack 1 is heated by utilizing air, so that the temperature inside the fuel cell stack 1 is heated more rapidly, and the temperature distribution is more uniform; when the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the preset heating temperature of 120 ℃, the line switch 9 is closed, heating is stopped, and the heat emitted when the fuel cell stack works is utilized to continuously heat the cell so as to reach the required working temperature.
The heat radiation system in the present invention is used when the fuel cell stack 1 is stably operated. When the fuel cell stack 1 is in a stable working state, that is, after the fuel cell stack 1 reaches a required working temperature, the fuel cell stack 1 is started to dissipate heat, so that the fuel cell stack 1 is maintained at a reasonable working temperature. The fuel preheater 4 and the radiator 3 are respectively used for radiating heat of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 14 at two ends of the fuel cell stack 1.
The cathode and anode fuel air and hydrogen are lower than the operation temperature of the cell and respectively enter the fuel preheater 4 through the air inlet pipe G and the hydrogen inlet pipe H, the fuel preheater 4 is utilized to transfer the heat led out from one end of the fuel cell stack 1 by the composite temperature-equalizing plate 2 to the fuel therein, and the fuel lower than the operation temperature of the fuel cell stack is heated; the preheated hydrogen and air are respectively sent to the interior of the fuel cell stack 1 through a preheated air inlet pipe A and a preheated hydrogen inlet pipe B, the residual hydrogen is introduced into the anode fuel hydrogen recycling pipeline C, and the residual air and product steam are introduced into the cathode fuel air waste heat recycling pipeline D; the other end of the fuel cell stack 1 utilizes external cold air to dissipate heat of the fuel cell stack 1, namely, a valve 6 on the cooling air inlet pipeline I is opened, the cold air is introduced into the radiator 3 through the cooling air inlet pipeline I, and the cold air is introduced into the cooling air outlet pipeline M after absorbing heat conducted by the fuel cell stack.
The fuel and the waste heat recycling system thereof recycle the residual fuel hydrogen through the purifier 7. The residual hydrogen is led to the anode fuel hydrogen reuse pipeline C and then passes through the purifier 7 to remove substances such as water vapor, phosphoric acid and the like contained in the anode fuel hydrogen; the purified hydrogen is mixed with the hydrogen in the hydrogen inlet pipe H and then is introduced into the fuel preheater 4 again, so that the waste of the hydrogen is avoided, and the reutilization of the residual hydrogen is realized; the residual air and the product water vapor from the fuel cell stack 1 in the cathode fuel air residual heat utilization pipeline D are mixed with the air in the cooling air outlet pipeline M, and are introduced into the air-conditioning heat exchanger 11 through an air mixing pipeline J, so that the heat absorbed by the residual air and the product water vapor from the fuel cell stack 1 and the air in the cooling air outlet pipeline M from the fuel cell stack 1 is transferred to the air-conditioning inlet air from the air-conditioning heat exchanger K through the air-conditioning heat exchanger 11; when the space in the vehicle needs to supply heat, a fourth valve 10 on an air inlet pipeline K of the air-conditioning heat exchanger is opened, and heated air-conditioning inlet air flows to the space in the vehicle through an air outlet pipeline L of the air-conditioning heat exchanger; and finally, discharging the gas discharge pipeline N from the air mixing pipeline J and passing through the air-conditioning heat exchanger 11 to the environment to realize the waste heat utilization of the galvanic pile, and closing the fourth valve 10 when heat supply is not needed in the vehicle.
The closing stages of the third valve 6, the first valve 12 and the second valve 13 are all at the stopping time, and the fourth valve 10 is started and closed according to whether the environment in the vehicle needs to be opened when needed or closed when not needed.
In the invention, the composite temperature-uniforming plates 2 are arranged between the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells 1, the number of the composite temperature-uniforming plates 2 is determined according to working conditions and actual requirements, the composite temperature-uniforming plates 2 can be arranged between any two adjacent cells, and one composite temperature-uniforming plate 2 can be arranged between every two adjacent cells; the composite temperature-uniforming plate 2 is structurally characterized in that a flexible graphite sheet or graphene with high heat conductivity coefficient is compounded on the surface of metal such as a copper plate or an aluminum plate or other materials with good heat conductivity, but the used materials are not limited to the copper plate or the aluminum plate, and the flexible graphite sheet or graphene. The above-mentioned arrangements and materials are merely illustrative, and other arrangements of composite vapor plates or materials having such properties may be used herein.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the present invention that the connections between the pipes and the positions of the control valves may be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent technical solutions as long as the objects of the present invention are achieved.
Claims (9)
1. A thermal management system for starting and running of a high-temperature PEMFC for a vehicle is characterized by comprising a heating system, a heat dissipation system, a residual fuel and a residual heat recycling system thereof;
composite temperature-equalizing plates (2) are arranged among a plurality of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (14) of a fuel cell stack (1), and protruding ends are arranged at two ends of each composite temperature-equalizing plate (2) opposite to the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (14);
the heating system comprises heating sheets which are respectively arranged at two protruding ends of the composite temperature-uniforming plate (2), the heating sheets positioned at the two protruding ends are respectively connected in parallel and then are respectively connected to one end of a circuit switch (9) through a heating circuit E and a heating circuit F, and the other end of the circuit switch is connected to a storage battery (8);
the heat dissipation system comprises a fuel preheater (4) and a radiator (3), wherein the fuel preheater (4) is arranged at a protruding end of the composite temperature equalizing plate (2), the fuel preheater (4) is provided with a fuel preheating air inlet pipeline and stack air inlet pipelines which are respectively connected to the cathode and anode inlets of the fuel cell stack (1), and a valve is arranged on the fuel preheating air inlet pipeline; the fuel preheating air inlet pipeline comprises an air inlet pipe G and a hydrogen inlet pipe H, and the electric pile air inlet pipeline comprises a preheated air inlet pipe A and a preheated hydrogen inlet pipe B;
the radiator (3) is arranged at the other protruding end of the composite temperature-equalizing plate (2), and an inlet and an outlet of the radiator (3) are respectively connected to the cooling air inlet pipeline I and the cooling air outlet pipeline M;
the fuel and residual heat recycling system comprises an anode fuel hydrogen recycling pipeline C connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe H from an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack (1) and a cathode fuel air residual heat recycling pipeline D connected to the cooling air outlet pipeline M in parallel from a cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack (1); and the cooling air outlet pipeline M and the cathode fuel air waste heat utilization pipeline D are connected in parallel and then are connected to an air-conditioning heat exchanger (11) through an air mixing pipeline J.
2. The heat management system according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite temperature-uniforming plate (2) is structured by compounding a layer of material with thermal conductivity more than 1500W/m-K on the surface of a metal plate or a material with thermal conductivity more than 200W/m-K.
3. The thermal management system of claim 2, wherein said material having a thermal conductivity greater than 1500W/m-K is flexible graphite foil or graphene.
4. The heat management system according to claim 1, wherein the number of the composite temperature-equalizing plates (2) is determined according to working conditions and actual requirements, and one composite temperature-equalizing plate (2) is placed between adjacent high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells or one composite temperature-equalizing plate (2) is placed at intervals of 1 to a plurality of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
5. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that a purifier (7) is provided on the anode fuel hydrogen reuse pipe C.
6. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that a valve (6) is provided on the cooling air intake line I.
7. A control method of a thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, at the start-up of the fuel cell stack (1), the line switch (9) is opened to heat the heating plates mounted on the two protruding ends of the composite vapor chamber (2) through the heating line E and the heating line F; the rapid heat conduction characteristic of the composite temperature-uniforming plate (2) is utilized to rapidly conduct heat to all the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (14); simultaneously, a valve (12) on the air inlet pipe G is opened to heat the fuel cell stack (1); and when the temperature of the fuel cell stack (1) reaches a preset heating temperature, closing the line switch (9) and stopping heating.
8. The control method of the thermal management system according to claim 7, wherein the heat dissipation system is activated to dissipate heat of the operating fuel cell stack (1) when the fuel cell stack (1) is in a stable operating state, so that the fuel cell stack (1) is maintained at a reasonable operating temperature; the fuel preheater (4) and the radiator (3) radiate the heat of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (14) at a cell end; the cathode and anode fuel air and hydrogen are lower than the operation temperature of the cell and respectively enter the fuel preheater (4) through the air inlet pipe G and the hydrogen inlet pipe H, the fuel preheater (4) is utilized to transfer the heat conducted by the composite temperature-equalizing plate (2) from the fuel cell stack (1) to the fuel therein, and the fuel lower than the operation temperature of the fuel cell stack is heated; the preheated hydrogen and air are respectively sent to the inside of the fuel cell stack (1) through a preheated air inlet pipe A and a preheated hydrogen inlet pipe B, the residual hydrogen is introduced into the anode fuel hydrogen recycling pipeline C, and the residual air and product steam are introduced into the cathode fuel air residual heat recycling pipeline D; the other end of the fuel cell stack (1) utilizes external cold air to dissipate heat of the fuel cell stack (1), a valve (6) on the cooling air inlet pipeline I is opened, the cold air is led into the radiator (3) through the cooling air inlet pipeline I, and the cold air is led into the cooling air outlet pipeline M after absorbing heat conducted by the fuel cell stack.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the remaining hydrogen is passed to the anode fuel hydrogen reuse line C and then passed through the purifier (7) to remove water vapor and phosphoric acid contained therein; mixing the purified hydrogen with the hydrogen in the hydrogen inlet pipe H, and then introducing the mixture into the fuel preheater (4) again to realize the reutilization of the residual hydrogen;
the residual air and product water vapor from the fuel cell stack (1) in the cathode fuel air waste heat utilization pipeline D are mixed with the air in the cooling air outlet pipeline M and are introduced into the air-conditioning heat exchanger (11) through an air mixing pipeline J, and the heat absorbed by the residual air and product water vapor from the fuel cell stack (1) and the air in the cooling air outlet pipeline M from the fuel cell stack (1) is transferred to the air-conditioning inlet air from the air-conditioning heat exchanger (11) through the air-conditioning heat exchanger (11); when the space in the vehicle needs to supply heat, a valve (10) on an air inlet pipeline K of the air-conditioning heat exchanger is opened, and heated air-conditioning inlet air flows to the space in the vehicle through an air outlet pipeline L of the air-conditioning heat exchanger; and finally, discharging the gas discharge pipeline N from the air mixing pipeline J and passing through the air-conditioning heat exchanger (11) to the environment, so as to realize the utilization of the waste heat of the electric pile.
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| JPH07335238A (en) * | 1994-06-09 | 1995-12-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Fuel reformer, operating method thereof and fuel cell device |
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