CN1153943A - Nine-nine stepped coding method and 10X10 keyboard scheme - Google Patents

Abstract

The Nine-Nine stepped coding method is one numerical code method for data input in computer and is suitable for various languages. When Nine-Nine stepped coding method is used in coding Chinese characters and words, stepped form sequence coding divides Chinese characters and words into four steps including unit, character part, character and word, and stepped phonetic sequence coding divides Chinese characters and words into four steps including consonant, vowel, character and word. The 10X10 keyboard scheme relates to a reformed keyboard suitable for the said Nine-Nine stepped coding method.

Description

Nine-nine stepped compiling method (comprising shape preface hierarchical coding method and sound preface hierarchical coding method) and 10 * 10 keyboard schemes.

One, summary of the invention brief introduction

(1) nine-nine stepped compiling method is a kind of digital method of computer input information, can be applicable to multi-lingual multiduty coding, and when input, not requiring must memory coding.

(2) the nine-nine stepped compiling method is shape preface hierarchical coding method with Chinese character Chinese speech, be divided into level Four such as unit, radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries, individual character, word by body; Be divided into level Four such as initial consonant, simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable, individual character, word by syllable, be sound preface hierarchical coding method.

(3) 10 * 10 keyboard schemes, be adapt with the nine-nine stepped compiling method, at the limitation of alphanumeric keyboard and abuses thereof and the intention reform scheme that designs.

Two, the background and the purpose of invention design

(1) ISO (International Standards Organization) for satisfying multi-lingual in the world multiduty coding needs, has been worked out " four eight-digit binary number code systems " " two eight " and " four or eight " two kinds of code forms is provided in 1992.The former is applicable to 16 scale codings; The latter is applicable to 10 scale codings, is called canonical form or exemplary form.Also worked out " universal multiple-octet coded character set " ISO10646VCS.Chinese character (China, Japan and Korea are general) has been worked out GB13000VCS by China as its subclass, and wherein 10 scale codings change six figure places into by four figures.Along with implementing gradually of this multi-lingual coding standard, the rise of multi-lingual computer system will be arranged.The computing machine of this system should and must convenient input Chinese character, and (because in Chinese character 2,000 kinds of words in the world, population in use is difficult point and the emphasis that multilingual information is handled problems at most and the most difficult input.) also only in this way, just can realize changing the final purpose of international code standard, convenient multi-lingual information processing.

(2) " in the near future, Chinese character will become the common literal in the golden world ", this is the prediction of Japan's " from the beginning play again " monthly magazine, this prediction be according to " do not have that a kind of literal can be as Chinese character tool systematicness and logicality.Chinese character is that a kind of need are just seen and can be thought deeply with eyes, even the language difference also can be understood unique a kind of literal of its meaning." foreigner's high praise and yearning Chinese character since it is so; we just should be; avoid the practice of the sort of what is called " dismemberent Chinese character " and " pollution encode Chinese characters for computer " by every possible means---the practice that promptly belittle the Chinese character value of commenting, hinders Chinese character to promote; the foreigner is also learned easily use encode Chinese characters for computer, conveniently import Chinese character on computers.

(3) present shortcoming and the problem that exists of encode Chinese characters for computer

(1) general shortcoming.Digital difficult note is waited a moment; The sound sign indicating number is for fear of the standard of reading of word sound, and is subjected to the restriction in area; Font code " finds it difficult to learn and easily forgets ", and does not meet national liberal normalization, serious degree to " dismemberent Chinese character ".

(2) main problem.Though the encoding of Chinese font can improve input efficiency, satisfy professional's needs, fail consistently with the middle and primary schools Language education, fail fundamentally to solve the universal problem of encode Chinese characters for computer, cause the unsalable of computing machine, influence popularizing of computing machine.(" after the professional application market saturation, cause the waste in computer-internal space, influence computing machine simultaneously and further popularize to the whole people, Guangzhou Daily once proposed for this reason; " ' why 2/3rds computing machine is big in sleep? ' " sees " the coding epoch will be walked out in Chinese character ").

(4) expert is to the high standard of encode Chinese characters for computer proposition

(1) Zheng Yili (famous philologist, radical general code inventor) proposes: " preferred plan; except theory rigorous; can be on computers fast outside the input and output; will accomplish that also encoding law meets national liberal normalization, be that the Language education of middle and primary schools is consistent with the background of basic education; Accomplish that computer Chinese-character input coding and Dictionary retrieval coding is in full accord.Only in this way, the pupil begins to learn Chinese character, also learns encode Chinese characters for computer simultaneously, just can be the same with the pupil in west, needn't just can import Chinese character on computers through special study with this coding.”

(2) Pan Defu (corrector of configuration code) proposes: " coding of Chinese character is macroscopical, be applicable to the field that all use Chinese character; Be fit to the people that all use Chinese character ... also want to inherit all character culturals." " learning object of encode Chinese characters for computer is not professional entry personnel, more is the layman ... be Chinese not only, also should comprise the people that Japan, Korea S, Singapore and other countries use Chinese character.”

(3) Wu Xiaojun (the writing people of new ideas sign indicating number) proposes: " task of three phases is exactly: on the basis of the easy note of a kind of real easily; with a principle three major types type of encode Chinese characters for computer is ideally united, thereby make Hanzi coding technique produce a qualitative leap.”

The inventor is shortcoming and the problem that exists according to above-mentioned expert's requirement, at encode Chinese characters for computer, in conjunction with the international code standard dynamically and the future promoted in the world of Chinese character design, its objective is:

(1) consistent by encode Chinese characters for computer and functional literacy and the retrieval of speech book, and the cooperation of corresponding keyboard fundamentally solve the universal problem of encode Chinese characters for computer, thereby promote computing machine to popularize to the whole people.

(2) by the carrying out an invention of user, for promote Chinese character, develop character cultural, and convenient multi-lingual input computing machine generation positive role.

Three, nine-nine stepped compiling method

The feature of nine-nine stepped compiling method is:

(1) utilize hierarchical approaches, long code is divided into short code, thus the digital memory intensity of differentiation; Every grade short code can be presented at character code on the screen in " 99 " step by step, thereby input the time does not require and to remember character code; And its code is international arabic numeral, so be fit to the people that all use Chinese character (or other literal).

(2) code element be 00,01-99, consistent with the key symbol code of 10 * 10 keyboards, can import " generation one ", thereby can overcome shortcoming, problem and the serious bad phenomenon that " generation is many " or " how for " are caused.So-called " generation one " " be meant that one (key symbol code) represent one (character or code element).Existing Japanese input is " many generations one ", and promptly a katakana or hiragana represented in two letters (key code), and its shortcoming is that efficient is low.Existing Chinese character shape code is " generation is many ", promptly a letter will be for several to twenties radical-parts (character), cause the repetition rate of coding to have up to 9%, memorize mechanically hundreds of parts and code thereof, extremely keep the sign indicating number rule and the code fetch of must temporarily divining by means of characters in mind, fail to avoid " dismemberent Chinese character " body always, break away from functional literacy, violate phenomenons such as national liberal normalization.The code element of nine-nine stepped compiling method, except that " 00 " for the establishment equal-length code standby, can 99 times of ground in a disguised form increase by " hierarchical approaches ", do not require that character will lack, no matter character has what, equal energy be imported " generation one "; No matter how many Chinese characters has, and all do not have repeated code; Do not require that character will lack, just be unlikely to force and remove to decompose adopting Chinese character form not according to law of inventing character and structure law.

(3) ordinal number (be sequence number, just be limited in 99) of every grade of sum of series all is unfixed, can increase and decrease with need, so can be widely used in the field that all need be encoded.Be allly can tell morph or phoneme, or the governed literal of certain rule is arranged; All things that can divide kind of a classification, branch guiding principle subhead, itemize subparagraph all can be used it and encode.It provides two kinds of input code forms for computer input code:

(1) multi-lingual input pattern.Phoneme or morph 99 with interior, only be divided into one-level.For example the big minuscule of Russian is made code with 01-66; The katakana of Japanese is made code with 01-86, and hiragana is made code with 01-83.Phoneme or morph surpass 99, can be divided into two-stage or more than the two-stage.For example the Uighur Arabic alphabet is 128, in first order suffix, the speech, prefix, singly write, makes code with 01-04, and the second level is adhered to the alphabetical number of this four class separately by it, is 32 respectively just, makes code with 01-32 respectively.

(2) multi-usage input pattern.Can come classification by the needs of its reality and give sequence number.For example 6500 soldiers of a trip are encoded, then roll into a ball, seek, connect, arrange, Pyatyi such as class all makes code with 01-03, soldier's one-level is all made code with 01-09.Its effect be than compile from " 0001 " " 6500 " look into well remember many.But this increases and decreases progression with need equal class such as taking care of books, information retrieval.

Four, shape preface hierarchical coding method

Shape preface hierarchical coding method is the concrete application of nine-nine stepped compiling method at the encoding of Chinese font, is an important coding method that embodies nine-nine stepped compiling method feature.

(1) coding techniques main points.Describe for simplifying and conveniently understand, make a copy of inventor's establishment " the big Chinese character base code book of Xingxu code " (be GB13000VCS, China, Japan and Korea general 20,000 surplus the Xingxu code of word) in junior unit to make sampling instruction as follows:

Annotate: 1. the symbol in word is capable

, the above word of expression is successively: the word in everyday character, inferior everyday character, the general words, " character library ".So that make " page turning " reference.

2. " 36 " are element numbers.Vertical setting of types be radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries and radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries sign indicating number.Horizontally-arranged be subordinate's individual character and character code.

3. the code fetch of individual character is: element number+radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries sign indicating number+character code.(word adds code for Chinese word and phrase again).

Separate: by the making of software, when exercising order when entering editing mode, screen shows that just the element number of each unit and unit represent radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries (as: 76 dawn), suggestive (certain subordinate is in certain unit).When pressing the element number key, screen just shows each radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries and the radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries sign indicating number under this unit.When hitting radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries sign indicating number key, just screen shows each individual character and character code that this one is affiliated, when hitting the character code key, screen just shows word and code for Chinese word and phrase, at this moment, as hits space bar, and individual character has just been transferred; As hit space bar again after transferring word just to hit the code for Chinese word and phrase key.

Mend: (1) unit arrangement.When " radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries " concentrate the nearly sub-block of shape, radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries are divided into 94 unit after being ranked by the principle of " shape is closely adjacent " again, and searching is embarrassed in Unit 95, the self-editing word of 96,97 users, 98 languages letters, 99 graphical symbols.(2) complex form of Chinese characters is handled.The complex form of Chinese characters of pictograph after simplifying is (as preceding

) the complex form of Chinese characters after simplifying of indivedual or minority sound symbol (and as preceding "

", " Tam, Bile "), place the first place of word one-level, its coding is " 01 ", the word coding is from " 02 " beginning.Sound symbol after simplifying and the tight body word of tangible nearly sub-block, (promptly the complex form of Chinese characters with the phonetic element of a Chinese pictophonetic character all has been simplified), selecting " radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries " becomes one one, invests after the simplified radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries.

(2) effect that can produce.Shape preface hierarchical coding method is used for encode Chinese characters for computer and will obtains following effect:

(1) is easy to learn and use, is fit to the people that all use Chinese character.

Because: (first) number is a kind of coding the most eager to learn in three kinds of type of codings.The shortcoming of the difficult note of numeral, showing by screen that sign indicating number overcome when becoming input not must memory coding, has also worked nicely.The generation symbol that (second) is adopted is international arabic numeral, by the people of China and foreign countries are familiar with, have avoided requiring to read accurate word sound or has split all hard to tackle that font etc. is brought, and this has just made things convenient for the people of the foreigner, suitable all use Chinese characters.

(2) consistent with Dictionary retrieval and middle and primary schools' Language education, can fundamentally solve the universal problem of encode Chinese characters for computer.Because: (first) shape preface hierarchical coding method is the structure analysis that is based upon Chinese character, and the method for analysis is consistent with alphabetic method, has all adopted the ideophone analytic approach.The student has just grasped the ultimate principle of shape preface hierarchical coding in character learning study.Chinese character sort in (second) " Xingxu code general words code book " should be used for having write dictionary and copybook.This ordering can confirm from the ordering of aforementioned " Unit 76 ": be to concentrate the nearly sub-block of shape to return " portion ", the concentrated nearlyer radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries group of shape returns the unit, is a kind of convenient relatively font and the ordering of concentrating quick character learning, helps functional literacy.And the student just has been familiar with Xingxu code in the dictionary and copybook that use this ordering, must just can not import Chinese character on computers through special study coding method.Thereby and get rid of or overcome font code " dismemberent Chinese character " body, violate national liberal normalization, break away from serious phenomenon and problems such as functional literacy, " find it difficult to learn and easily forget ".

(3) can inherit all character culturals.Result through establishment " general words code book " successively and " big Chinese character base code book " (promptly being increased to word surplus in the of 20,000 by seven K words) shows; Multi-section number under the unit increases to 40 by 31; Maximum numbers of words of subordinate increase to 47 by 21.Their increment rate is less than the increment rate of total word amount.And the unit portion of genus is adjustable; Subordinate's word amount; Often, must be two ones by a part and reduce on the contrary because of total word amount increases.Therefore, in the space encoder of shape preface hierarchical coding method " 94 (unit) * 99 (portion) * 99 (word)=921299 word ", showing at no repeated code and screen under the requirement condition of sign indicating number, is can " inherit all character culturals " fully needed Chinese character all enrolls code book.

(4) three kinds of type of codings tentatively can be united.

Shape preface hierarchical coding method is that font code is double digital, and it and sound preface hierarchical coding method are unified in the nine-nine stepped compiling method, and this can unite at last tentatively.(radical or parts as for existing various font code is assert also can add several numerals by original 26 letters and make input code, change by " 01-99 " and import as input code, and are perhaps also convenient slightly, but totally unnecessary).

(5) has the condition that makes things convenient for that improves input efficiency.By 10 * 10 keyboards and software development, 95 one key words can be arranged, 1365 two key words (big Chinese character base is 2002), all the other all are the triple bond words.But will raise the efficiency also easily: (first) when hitting the character code key, screen just shows word and code for Chinese word and phrase again, and the convenient word input mode that adopts improves input efficiency.(second) leaves two unit especially and gives self-editing specialized word of user and everyday expressions.

Five, sound preface hierarchical coding method

Sound preface hierarchical coding method is the concrete application of nine-nine stepped compiling method at code of tone of word of Chinese characters, and its feature is:

(1) makes code with numeral, can import " generation one ".It is divided into level Four such as initial consonant, simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable, individual character, word with Chinese character Chinese speech; 21 initial consonants are made code by 01-21; 35 simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable are made code by 01-35; Surpass 99 word persons with syllable, increase four tones of standard Chinese pronunciation one-level, yin, yang, go up, go to make code, can both import " generation one " by 01-04.With its approximate Two bors d's oeuveres rule letter generation two simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable are arranged, can not all import " generation one ".

(2) word has screen to show sign indicating number, and the input word is slightly more convenient.After hitting the single word code key, just screen shows " letter generation " word and speech sign indicating number, as uncomfortable individual character, hit the word key again after, just hit space bar, just can access word.Interim code fetch wanted in double spelling input word, and first screen shows sign indicating number.Its code book and shape preface hierarchical coding method are shared.

Six, 10 * 10 keyboard schemes

The feature of (one) 10 * 10 keyboard.10 * 10 keyboards are the special keyboards that adapt with the nine-nine stepped compiling method, and its feature is:

(1) enter key is 10 * 10=100, and the key symbol is the isometric code of " 00.01-99 ".Use its key symbol code, can import double figures by a key, solve a digital inefficient difficult problem.Its key symbol code is familiar with by everybody, and consistent with the employed character code of shape preface hierarchical coding method, saves conversion links, supports this compiling method to realize that aforesaid five effects " see four (two) ", remembers thereby solve digital difficulty; Font code " dismemberent Chinese character ", violate national liberal normalization, break away from functional literacy, the difficult great old difficult problem such as popularize that finds it difficult to learn, the subtend whole people popularize computing machine and produce directly promotion property effect.

(2) bond number of enter key is moderate, makes the key symbol can refer to tool dirigibility and extensive applicability arbitrarily.Give all hard to tackle that multi-lingual (comprising Chinese character) brought so can get rid of the limitation of international standard keyboard, general coding can both be imported " generation one ", support the widespread use of two kinds of input patterns of nine-nine stepped coding, promote the use of the world for Chinese character, the universal input of national writing, the contact of international information exchange, and can both produce lasting promotion effect.

The making main points of (two) 10 * 10 keyboards.Happy elegant chapter 236 key boards of 256 key boards of 10 * 10 keyboards and Beijing University, Hong Kong are the same, have the property of realization.It is just reformed existing alphanumeric keyboard, and its transformation of the way main points are as follows:

(1), replaces 26 letter keys of original Master Keyboard and 10 numerical keys of companion keyboard with 100 coded number keyboards such as " 00.01-99 ".Realize that a key imports double-digit mode and be: on the single-chip microcomputer of supervisory keyboard,, stipulate the sequence number (consistent) of each key, as the pairing scan code of this key with the key symbol according to the position of each key.(when keystroke, single-chip microcomputer scan send it in this key position scan code to 110 mouthfuls able to programme, send the keyboard interrupt request to main frame simultaneously; After this interrupt request of response of host, change the 9H interrupt handling routine; Receive scan code information, and transfer corresponding ASCII character to, again the scan code of input character and ASCII character are all deposited in the keyboard data buffer zone; Change code converter again and search input table of comparisons acquisition ISN, send into host computer system at last and finish loading routine.)

(2) translation function of big or small locking key changes translation operation numeral and coded digital into by original converted magnitude letter; I.e. " 0.1-99 " ← → " 00.01-99 ".Its computing numeral and English big minuscule can be the same with (1), are defined on the single-chip microcomputer, change them by locking key.

(3) remaining key can be provided with as before, but the same effect of tool has two keys, can consider only to establish one, to reduce total key number and keyboard area.

(4) the key face of enter key should have sign and tactile feel, so that the exercise touch system.For example: preceding nine rows are the tool convex slightly, and per three rows make successively:-=≡, | ‖

: ∴ etc. are.

(5) sign of enter key and layout such as figure below.

The same form

55 54 53 52 51 01 02 03 04 05 60 59 58 57 56 06 07 08 09 10 65 64 63 62 61 11 12 13 14 15 70 69 68 67 66 16 17 18 19 20 75 74 73 72 71 21 22 23 24 25 80 79 78 77 76 26 27 28 29 30 85 84 83 82 81 31 32 33 34 35 90 89 88 87 86 36 37 38 39 40 95 94 93 92 91 41 42 43 44 45 00 99 98 97 96 46 47 48 49 50

Two formulas

10 09 08 07 06 01 02 03 04 05 20 19 18 17 16 11 12 13 14 15 30 29 28 27 26 21 22 23 24 25 40 39 38 37 36 31 32 33 34 35 50 49 48 47 46 41 42 43 44 45 60 59 58 57 56 51 52 53 54 55 70 69 68 67 66 61 62 63 64 65 80 79 78 77 76 71 72 73 74 75 90 89 88 87 86 81 82 83 84 85 00 99 98 97 96 91 92 93 94 95

Three formulas

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00

Seven, the feasible life and the implementation of " invention "

Nine-nine stepped compiling method and 10 * 10 keyboards, 3 * 10 keyboards and the input scheme thereof of 236 key boards of the comparatively extensive and Beijing University of the scope of application under cooperatively interacting and input scheme thereof, Xiao Yongshui, different fully, do not have same result.And, as said in " Chinese character information processing " (electronics University of Science and Technology undergraduate's graduate text): " how to set up Chines information handling system? ... have three types:

First kind is to increase the Chinese information processing function on existing computer system of western language, constitutes a Chines information handling system.Although this system also lacks completeness, it has possessed necessity, possibility and the actuality of the system that sets up, so adopted by present most of hanzi system.

Second kind is that a kind of Chinese language computer system of design also increases the western language processing power thereon to constitute the system of Chinese and western languages compatible processing.……

The third type is a kind of computer system of redesign, makes its software systems and hardware system can both satisfy the requirement that the various spoken and written languages in the world are handled, and such system makes various alphabetic character collection compatible processing, so have more necessity, completeness and possibility.The ISO10646 international standard of passing through in 1992 has been stipulated coding standard for setting up this type systematic, so go a step further on the actuality.The 3rd type systematic will rise gradually along with implementing of ISO10646, when this type systematic of comprehensive employing, can no longer carry this noun of Chinese and western languages compatible system, because computer system at that time itself is exactly multi-lingual computing machine.”

Above specifically indicate: first kind of system has " necessity, possibility and actuality ", by " most systems is adopted at present." we can be on this type systematic, assembling 10 * 10 keyboards utilize the means of software, realize the popular input method of nine-nine stepped, to satisfy the demand in present popularization and application market.

The third system " has more necessity, completeness and possibility." we are in the process that this system forms gradually, in time international technical resource and the device resource of utilization allows 10 * 10 keyboard computers upgrade gradually.Simultaneously, rely on the multi-lingual function of the convenient input of 10 * 10 keyboards, prepare also to develop national writing software both at home and abroad in good time, strive for earlier or finish preferably the software systems and the hardware system of multi-lingual computing machine.

Claims (4)

1. the nine-nine stepped compiling method is the digital method that can be used for multi-lingual multi-usage input coding.It is characterized in that: (1) utilizes hierarchical approaches that long code is divided into short code, thus the digital memory intensity of differentiation.Every grade short code is limited in " 99 ", coding can be presented on the screen step by step, thereby input the time does not require and to remember coding.(2) ordinal number of every grade of sum of series can increase and decrease with need, so can be widely used in the field that all need be encoded.Be allly can tell morph or phoneme, or the governed literal of certain rule is arranged; All things that can divide kind of a classification, branch guiding principle subhead, itemize subparagraph all can be used it and encode.(3) code element is 00.01-99, and is consistent with the key symbol code of 10 * 10 keyboards, so key symbol code can be imported for code element (or character) " generation one ", overcomes shortcoming or problem that " generation is many " or " many generations one " are caused.

2. shape preface hierarchical coding method is the concrete application of nine-nine stepped compiling method in the encoding of Chinese font.It is divided into unit, radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries, individual character, word level Four with Chinese character Chinese speech and encodes.It is characterized in that: (1) its Chinese character sort is the principle by " shape is closely adjacent ": concentrate the nearly word of shape to return portion earlier, concentrate the nearly radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries of shape to return the unit again.(2) it can be bigger as the space encoder of input code and the apparent sign indicating number of screen in number, and the theoretical space encoder of individual character is: 94 * 99 * 99=921799 word.

3. sound preface hierarchical coding method is the concrete application of nine-nine stepped compiling method in the phonetic transcriptions of Chinese characters input, and it is divided into initial consonant, simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable, individual character, word level Four with Chinese character Chinese speech encodes, and it is characterized in that: (1) makes the code of initial consonant and simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable with sequence number.(2) word has screen to show sign indicating number, does not need interim code fetch.

4.10 * 10 keyboards are numeric keypads.It is characterized in that: (1) key symbol is 00.01-99; Hundred key symbol codes conveniently refer to arbitrarily.(2) one bond energys input double figures has the function that improves digital input efficiency.