CN115394005A - Method for anonymously voting in video conference - Google Patents
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- CN115394005A CN115394005A CN202211010286.2A CN202211010286A CN115394005A CN 115394005 A CN115394005 A CN 115394005A CN 202211010286 A CN202211010286 A CN 202211010286A CN 115394005 A CN115394005 A CN 115394005A
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- H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
- H04L63/0464—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload using hop-by-hop encryption, i.e. wherein an intermediate entity decrypts the information and re-encrypts it before forwarding it
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for anonymously voting in a video conference, which relates to the technical field of electronic voting and comprises the following steps: forming a voting queue by the M video conference terminals; a first voter endows candidate items with ticket values through a video conference terminal, encrypts the candidate items to obtain a primary pseudo difference value and a primary pseudo sum value, selects one of the candidate items to be transmitted to a next video conference terminal, and transmits the other candidate item to a video conference server; the next voter endows the candidate items with ticket values, encrypts to obtain secondary pseudo difference values and secondary pseudo sum values, selects one of the two to be transmitted to the next video conference terminal, and transmits the other to the video conference server; finally, the M-level pseudo difference value and the M-level pseudo sum value obtained by data encryption processing are sent to a video conference server; the video conference server analyzes all the received data to obtain the voting result, the voting process is easy, and the anonymization of the voting information in the video conference can be realized without realizing a complex encryption algorithm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic voting, in particular to an anonymous voting method in a video conference.
Background
Electronic voting is increasingly applied as a means and a tool for collecting expression intentions of people, and is increasingly applied to video conferences as a function and management tool, but how to realize anonymous voting in the video conferences, protect the privacy of voters and bring convenience to the voters to express real intentions is a hotspot of current research.
The main system and flow of the current electronic voting system are shown in fig. 1, and the electronic voting system comprises a registration center, a voter, a vote counting center and the like in addition to a CA certification center (established by a trust authority for certifying an issuing organization or a personal digital certificate).
The registration center is used for verifying the identity validity of the voter and confirming the voting qualification of the voter, and the registration center receives the registration of the voter, verifies the identity validity, judges whether repeated voting exists or not and finally proves that the voting of the voter is effective through a digital signature. The voter is the main participant of the electronic voting system, obtains votes from the vote counting center, fills in the content of the votes, verifies the voting qualification in the registration center, and finally submits the votes to the vote counting center. The vote counting center is a publishing mechanism of the voting result, receives the votes of the voters, verifies and judges the legality of the voter voting through the digital signature, and counts the voting result.
If the process of negotiating the encryption key by the two communication parties by using the RSA public key is omitted, the main process of electronic voting is as follows:
first, a voter acquires a digitally signed ballot that passes through a vote counting center.
Then, the voter fills in the vote content and blinds the filled content, specifically, the voter fills in the vote content: generating a random number K as a serial number; filling vote content V; combining the serial number and the ballot content into a ballot b = (K, V); the promised vote is delta (b) = H (b); hiding committed votes: b = r e δ (b) (mod n), r is a random number generated by the voter as a blind-sign factor; the voter encrypts and transmits the information (B, name, uid, … …) to the registration center. H is the type/number system conversion conventionally used by computers.
Then, after the decryption, the registration center verifies the votes and voters, if the votes and voters are legal, the votes are signed, S b ＝B d (mod n)＝r ed δ(b) d (mod n), which is encrypted and passed to the voter.
Then, the voter removes the blinding factor and compares S u ＝S b r -1 (mod n)＝δ(b) d (mod n), encrypted and sent to the ticket counting center;
finally, after the ticket counting center decrypts, the public key of the registration center is used for verifying the signature: s. the u e (mod n) = δ (b), and votes are counted.
In the process, the voter increases the blinding factor r mainly according to the mathematical property, so that the registration center can not obtain the voting content, only the identity of the voter is verified, and the vote counting center can obtain the voting content but can not obtain the identity of the voter, thereby achieving the aim of anonymous voting.
Other anonymous electronic votes are also beneficial to anonymization by algorithms such as ring signature and homomorphic encryption, the ring signature also forms a ring by using a plurality of voters to issue a public key and a private key of the voters, the voting information is processed, the vote counting center only knows one of the voters, but cannot confirm which specific votes are carried out, the homomorphic encryption carries out specific calculation (such as addition operation in voting) on a ciphertext after the homomorphic encryption of data, and the plaintext obtained after the corresponding homomorphic decryption of the ciphertext calculation result is equal to that of directly carrying out the same calculation on plaintext data, so that 'calculable invisibility' of the data is realized. The use of ring signatures, homomorphic encryption, etc. in electronic voting systems is more complex than blind signatures. Modern times also design joint or confounding transactions to achieve anonymity of electronic voting based on anonymity of blockchain transactions.
The above system has the following problems when voting is carried out:
(1) The digital certificates typically required to be issued by an authoritative CA center to the registry and billing center adds to the cost of the system and the complexity of the system itself. Although the block chain does not need CA, the block chain still utilizes the asymmetric encryption technology, and the realization is more complicated;
(2) The algorithm is complex, the flow interaction is too much, and various encryption and decryption, digital signature algorithm and secret key interaction processes are used in the electronic voting process based on blind signature, so that the electronic voting system has larger workload and higher cost;
(3) The common electronic voting system is only suitable for large-scale anonymous voting and is not suitable for voting in a small-scale video conference, and the vote counting center can determine the identity of a voter according to information such as IP (Internet protocol) and ports of participants of the video conference, and the sessionId, so that complete anonymization cannot be simply realized in the video conference.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for anonymously voting in a video conference, which aims to solve the technical problems that the voting system in the prior art is complex in structure, too many in flow interaction, incapable of simply realizing complete anonymization in the video conference and the like.
The invention provides a method for anonymously voting in a video conference, wherein the video conference comprises M video conference terminals configured as voting terminals and a video conference server configured as a vote counting center;
the method for anonymously voting comprises the following steps:
step 100, distributing M video conference terminals to M voters, and forming a voting queue by the M video conference terminals;
step 200, a first voter in the voting queue endows a candidate item with a ticket value through a video conference terminal, performs data encryption processing twice on the ticket value to respectively obtain a primary pseudo-difference value and a primary pseudo-sum value, selects one of the primary pseudo-difference value and the primary pseudo-sum value to transmit to a next video conference terminal, and transmits the other to a video conference server;
step 300, the next voter endows candidate items with ticket values by using a video conference terminal, and respectively carries out data encryption processing on the ticket values and the received primary pseudo-difference values or the primary pseudo-sum values to obtain secondary pseudo-difference values and secondary pseudo-sum values, selects one of the secondary pseudo-difference values and the secondary pseudo-sum values to be transmitted to the next video conference terminal, and sends the other to a video conference server;
step 400, by analogy, voting of the M video conference terminals in the voting queue is sequentially executed until a voter gives a vote value to the candidate item, and M-level pseudo difference values and M-level pseudo sum values obtained by data encryption processing are sent to a video conference server;
and 500, analyzing all the received data by the video conference server to obtain a voting result.
As an embodiment of the present invention, in step 200, assigning a ticket value to the candidate specifically includes: the voter agrees to the candidate by the vote value of 1 and disagrees by the vote value of 0.
As an embodiment of the present invention, when there are a plurality of candidates, the votes of the plurality of candidates constitute a vector to implement the communication or the transmission.
As an embodiment of the present invention, in step 200, the obtaining a primary pseudo-difference value and a primary pseudo-sum value specifically includes:
the first voter selects a random number R 1 Adding the random number R to the ticket value 1 Obtaining a primary pseudo sum value and subtracting the random number R from the ticket value 1 And obtaining a first-level pseudo difference value.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the random number R is 1 Is any integer.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining the secondary pseudo difference value and the secondary pseudo sum value specifically includes:
the second voter selects a random number R 2 Adding the received primary pseudo-difference value or primary pseudo-sum value to the ticket value and thenNumber of machines R 2 Obtaining a secondary false sum value; and subtracting the random number R from the ticket value 2 And obtaining a secondary pseudo difference value.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the random number R is 2 Is any integer.
As an embodiment of the present invention, in step 500, analyzing the data specifically includes: and the video conference server divides the sum of all the received accumulated data by 2 to obtain the number of votes corresponding to the candidate items.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The voting system in the invention has simple structure, only the video conference terminal is used as the voting terminal to form the voting queue, the video conference server is used as the vote counting center, and the proposal fully utilizes the characteristics of the video conference: the identity authentication of the voter can be confirmed by organization, video or other modes for authentication, and the voting process is in a video conference interaction process, so that a registration center is not needed, and authoritative CA authentication is not needed;
(2) The implementation method is simple, the voting process is easy, a complex encryption algorithm is not required to be implemented, the construction cost of the voting system in the video conference can be greatly saved, the anonymization of the voting information in the video conference is realized, and the privacy information of the participants of the video conference in the voting process is protected. The current electronic voting system is only suitable for large-scale anonymous voting and is not suitable for voting in a small-scale video conference, and the scheme solves the problem that the identity of a voter can be determined by a traditional vote counting center according to information such as IP (Internet protocol) and ports of participants of the video conference, and sessionId, and cannot be completely anonymized in the video conference.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a conventional electronic voting system;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of anonymous voting in a video conference according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for anonymous voting in a video conference, which is different from an existing electronic voting system that needs to perform identity verification on voters, and also needs a registration center and a CA authentication center, where identities of participants in the video conference may be authenticated by means of organization confirmation, video confirmation, or other methods, so that the need for identity verification in the voting process in the video conference is weak, and therefore, the scheme does not include verification of the identities of the voters, so that the registration center of the electronic voting system is not necessary to exist. In addition, because the voting process of the video conference is in the interactive process of the video conference, the authentication of the electronic votes of the vote counting center is not needed, so that the digital signature of the votes is not needed, an asymmetric encryption algorithm is not needed in the scheme, and an authoritative authentication center is not needed
The embodiment of the invention only needs M video conference terminals configured as voting terminals and a video conference server configured as a ticket counting center in the video conference;
the method for anonymously voting by utilizing the video conference terminal and the video conference server comprises the following steps:
step 100, distributing M video conference terminals to M voters, and forming a voting queue by the M video conference terminals;
step 200, a first voter in a voting queue endows a candidate item with a ticket value through a video conference terminal, if the voter agrees with the candidate item, the ticket value is recorded as 1, if the voter disagrees with the candidate item, the ticket value is recorded as 0, data encryption processing is carried out on the ticket value twice, a primary pseudo-difference value and a primary pseudo-sum value are respectively obtained, one of the primary pseudo-difference value and the primary pseudo-sum value is selected and transmitted to a next video conference terminal, and the other one is transmitted to a video conference server;
step 300, the next voter endows candidate items with ticket values by using a video conference terminal, and respectively carries out data encryption processing on the ticket values and the received primary pseudo-difference values or the primary pseudo-sum values to obtain secondary pseudo-difference values and secondary pseudo-sum values, selects one of the secondary pseudo-difference values and the secondary pseudo-sum values to be transmitted to the next video conference terminal, and sends the other to a video conference server;
400, repeating the steps, sequentially executing voting of the M video conference terminals in the voting queue until a final voter gives a vote value to the candidate item, and sending the M-level pseudo difference value and the M-level pseudo sum value obtained by data encryption processing to the video conference server;
and 500, analyzing all the received data by the video conference server to obtain a voting result.
Specifically, in step 200, obtaining the primary pseudo-difference value and the primary pseudo-sum value specifically includes:
the voter selects a random number R 1 Adding the random number R to the ticket value 1 Obtaining a first order pseudo-difference value and subtracting the random number R from the ticket value 1 And obtaining a first-level pseudo sum value.
Wherein the random number R 1 Is any integer and is convenient to calculate.
The obtaining of the secondary pseudo-difference value and the secondary pseudo-sum value specifically includes:
the voter selects a random number R 2 Adding the received primary pseudo-difference value or primary pseudo-sum value to the ticket value and the random number R 2 Obtaining a secondary false sum value; and subtracting the random number R from the ticket value 2 And obtaining a secondary pseudo difference value.
Wherein the random number R 2 Is any integer and is convenient to calculate.
Finally, analyzing the data specifically includes: and the video conference server divides the sum of all the received accumulated data by 2 to obtain the number of votes corresponding to the candidate items.
The core algorithm of the embodiment of the invention is that all voters form a voting queue, the voter marks 1 if agreeing to the candidate item, and does not agree to the candidate item and marks 0, then adds a random number, one number is the sum of the vote value and the random integer value, and sends the sum to the next voter, and simultaneously sends the sum minus the random integer to a server (a vote counting center), after the next voter receives the previous voter, the next voter adds a random integer to the vote value of the candidate item, sums the sum with the previous value, continues to send to the next voter, and simultaneously sends the sum minus the random integer to the vote counting center, and so on.
The specific principle is as follows: suppose m is voter, n candidates, vote C of voter i to candidate j i,j If it is 1 if it is supported, or 0 if it is not supported, then the voter will vote for its own C i,j Plus any random integer value R i,j， I.e. form B i,j ＝C i,j +R i,j Simultaneously recording the value D to be sent to the billing centre i,j ＝C i,j -R i,j， Then the transmitted vote value A of the i-1 voter (if the first voter is the first voter, only the voter is processed) received by the voter is transmitted i-1,j And B i,j Carry out merge A i,j ＝A i-1,j +B i,j ＝A i-1,j +C i,j +R i,j Also at vote value C for candidate j +1 i,j+1 Is added with another random number R i,j+1 Constitution B i,j+1 ＝C i,j+1 +R i,j+1 And the received information is also subjected to sum combination, namely A i,j+1 ＝A i-1,j+1 +B i,j+1 ＝A i-1,j+1 +C i,j+1 +R i,j+1 By analogy with the other candidates, the voter will (A) i,1 ，A i,2 ，……，A i，j ，……，A i,n ) Sending to the next voter (if last, directly to the vote counting center), and sending (D) i,1 ,D i,2 ,……，D i,j ,D i,n ) Sending the data to a ticket counting center, and receiving the value (A) of the last person by the ticket counting center after all the persons cast the tickets i,1 ，A i,2 ，……，A i，j ，……，A i,n ) And each voter sums the voting value minus the value of the random integer and divides the sum by 2 to obtain votes of the candidate items, wherein the votes of the candidate item j are as follows:
it is demonstrated as follows:
A 1，j ＝B 1,j ＝C i,j +R i,j
A i,j ＝A i-1,j +B i,j ＝A i-1,j +C i,j +R i,j
thus is provided with
While
Then
As for the candidate item j, the ticket counting center receives A m,j And D to m candidates i,j A total of m +1 variables, so that the total number of unknowns is m C i,j And R i,j A total of 2m variables, so that only m =1, i.e. only one person votes, will have a definite solution, when m is equal to>When 1, the number of unknowns is larger than the number of equations, and countless solutions exist, so that the vote counting center cannot calculate the contents voted by a specific person.
According to the principle, an electronic voting process in the video conference is designed, wherein each video participant video conference terminal in the video conference is a voting terminal, and a voting server in the video conference is a vote counting center to form a voting system.
In addition, the calculation of the ticket value can also select the method of recording the agreement of the candidate item as 1, recording the disagreement as-1, and performing other data encryption processing and data transmission as above, when data decryption is performed, the ticket counting center accumulates all the received data, the result is a positive integer which is the difference value obtained by subtracting the disagreeed ticket number from the agreement ticket number, the result is a negative integer which is the opposite number obtained by subtracting the disagreeed ticket number from the disagreeed ticket number, and the result is 0 which represents that the two sides are equal.
In a specific embodiment, the video conference terminals of the voters form a voting queue according to the sequence, the voting queue and a voting server in the video conference serve as a vote counting center at the same time to form a voting system, the voters use random integers to divide voting information into two parts, one part is sent to the vote counting center, and the other part is sent to a lower video conference terminal system. If the first voter agrees to the candidate item, the votes are marked as 1, if the first voter disagrees to the candidate item, the votes are marked as 0, the votes are set as the vote value, then a random number is added, the vote value is added with the random integer value (if the votes are a plurality of candidate items, a vector is formed, the vector is set as a pseudo sum value), the votes are sent to the next voter, and simultaneously the votes are directly sent to the vote counting center, the random integer value is subtracted from the vote value (if the votes are a plurality of candidate items, the vector is formed, the pseudo difference value is set). After receiving the pseudo sum vector of the previous voter, the next voter terminal adds a random integer to the vote value of the candidate item, sums the received pseudo sum value with the previous pseudo sum value, sends the sum to the next voter terminal, and simultaneously sends the vote value minus the random integer (namely the pseudo sum vector) to the vote counting center, and so on. And the last digit directly sends the false sum value to a ticket counting center, the false difference value is also sent to the ticket counting center, and the ticket counting center sums all the received data and divides the sum by 2 to obtain a candidate ticket.
In another embodiment, to further protect the anonymity of the voter, the voter may add a pseudo sum vector of random integers to the candidate vote value and a pseudo difference vector of random integers to the vote value, wherein one of the two vectors is randomly selected and sent to the next voter, and the other vector is sent to the vote counting center, and the other processes are unchanged.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for anonymous voting in a video conference, wherein the video conference comprises M video conference terminals configured as voting terminals and a video conference server configured as a vote counting center;
the method for anonymously voting comprises the following steps:
step 100, distributing M video conference terminals to M voters, and forming a voting queue by the M video conference terminals;
step 200, a first voter in the voting queue endows a candidate item with a ticket value through a video conference terminal, performs data encryption processing twice on the ticket value to respectively obtain a primary pseudo-difference value and a primary pseudo-sum value, selects one of the primary pseudo-difference value and the primary pseudo-sum value to transmit to a next video conference terminal, and transmits the other to a video conference server;
step 300, the next voter endows candidate items with ticket values by using a video conference terminal, and respectively carries out data encryption processing on the ticket values and the received primary pseudo-difference values or the primary pseudo-sum values to obtain secondary pseudo-difference values and secondary pseudo-sum values, selects one of the secondary pseudo-difference values and the secondary pseudo-sum values to be transmitted to the next video conference terminal, and sends the other to a video conference server;
step 400, by analogy, voting of the M video conference terminals in the voting queue is sequentially executed until a voter gives a vote value to the candidate item, and M-level pseudo difference values and M-level pseudo sum values obtained by data encryption processing are sent to a video conference server;
and 500, analyzing all the received data by the video conference server to obtain a voting result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 200, assigning a vote value to the candidate item specifically comprises: the voter agrees to the candidate by the vote value of 1 and disagrees by the vote value of 0.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein when there are a plurality of candidate items, the vote values of the plurality of candidate items form a vector to realize passing or sending.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein in step 200, obtaining the primary pseudo-difference value and the primary pseudo-sum value specifically comprises:
the voter selects a random number R 1 Adding the random number R to the ticket value 1 Obtaining a primary pseudo sum value and subtracting the random number R from the ticket value 1 And obtaining a first-level pseudo difference value.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the random number R is a random number 1 Is any integer.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein obtaining the secondary pseudo-difference value and the secondary pseudo-sum value specifically comprises:
the voter selects a random number R 2 Adding the received primary pseudo-difference value or primary pseudo-sum value to the ticket value and the random number R 2 Obtaining a secondary false sum value; and subtracting the random number R from the ticket value 2 And obtaining a secondary pseudo difference value.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the random number R is a random number 2 Is any integer.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the step 500 of resolving the data specifically comprises: and the video conference server divides the sum of all the accumulated data by 2 to obtain the number of votes corresponding to the candidate items.
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| CN105225328A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-01-06 | 浙江工业大学 | Based on mobile terminal electronic voting method and the system of face characteristic identification |
| CN111865595A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-30 | 普天信息技术有限公司 | Block chain consensus method and device |
| CN110555933A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-12-10 | 中钞信用卡产业发展有限公司杭州区块链技术研究院 | Electronic voting method, device, equipment and computer storage medium |
| CN110910091A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-03-24 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Data processing method, device and medium |
| CN114902239A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2022-08-12 | 西门子公司 | Bias detection and interpretability of deep learning models |
| CN111885079A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 支付宝(杭州)信息技术有限公司 | Multi-party combined data processing method and device for protecting data privacy |
| CN113037461A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-25 | 西安电子科技大学 | Multi-candidate anonymous electronic voting method based on homomorphic encryption |
| CN114491635A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-13 | 杭州复杂美科技有限公司 | Homomorphic encryption-based block chain anonymous voting method, equipment and storage medium |
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