CN115389182A - Simulation test device for measuring buoyancy of bottom plate of underground station, installation method and test method - Google Patents
Simulation test device for measuring buoyancy of bottom plate of underground station, installation method and test method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of a bottom plate of an underground station, which comprises a reinforced concrete test pool, a first blind ditch and a second blind ditch, wherein the reinforced concrete test pool is used for containing a soil body of a subway station field; a second blind ditch is arranged on the outer side of the steel inner cylinder, and the two blind ditches are communicated with the outside of the test pool through corresponding drain pipes and water level pipes; the bottom of the steel inner cylinder is connected with a buoyancy test bottom plate through a bottom plate connecting assembly, a plurality of pressure sensors and displacement sensors are arranged on the buoyancy test bottom plate, the bottom of a steel structure support vertically arranged in the steel inner cylinder is connected with the pressure sensors, and the top of the steel structure support is connected with a top supporting structure. The invention also discloses a corresponding installation and test method. The method can effectively simulate the action of the bottom plate of the underground station and water under the condition of blind drain drainage, and provides a theoretical basis for the anti-floating stable design of the underground station structure of the subway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground station anti-floating, and particularly relates to a simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of a bottom plate of an underground station, and an installation and test method.
Background
Underground stations of subways have large buried depth, the load on the upper part of the structure is small, particularly in regions with shallow underground water level, the influence of the buoyancy of underground water is large, and the anti-floating problem of the underground structure is prominent. The method solves the anti-floating problem of the structure on the premise of saving resources and energy and having small influence on the surrounding environment, and is one of the key problems which must be solved for vigorously developing the underground space. The active anti-floating method for draining and reducing pressure is applied to more and more subway stations under large burial depth and complex geological conditions due to simple and safe construction, relatively low manufacturing cost and strong adaptability. However, no reasonable theoretical method for representing the active anti-floating water buoyancy is available, which is a big problem restricting the analysis of water drainage, pressure reduction and anti-floating at present, and if the value is too high, the investment of engineering projects is increased, and the value is too low, the anti-floating stability of the structure cannot meet the requirement or the upper structure is damaged, thus bringing huge risk to the safety of subway stations. Therefore, the research on the formation mechanism and the calculation method of the water buoyancy of the railway station under the condition of the blind drain drainage is of great significance, wherein the accurate test and evaluation of the buoyancy performance of the station floor are essential key problems.
In order to obtain the water buoyancy parameters of the underground station bottom plate, the influence conditions of different pressure water heads and different drainage modes need to be observed, the change of the water buoyancy of the station bottom plate is quantitatively analyzed under the conditions, and no equipment and method for testing the water buoyancy of the bottom plate under the condition of blind drain drainage exist in the existing indoor and outdoor water buoyancy test tests.
In conclusion, if the magnitude of the water buoyancy of the railway station under the condition of blind drain drainage needs to be really and effectively calculated to obtain the accurate water buoyancy action relation and performance parameters, it is important to develop a test device capable of testing the water buoyancy mechanical parameters of the railway station aiming at engineering examples and problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at one or more of the defects or the improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides a simulation test device, an installation method and a test method for measuring the buoyancy of the underground station bottom plate, which can effectively simulate the action of the underground station bottom plate and water under the drainage condition of a blind ditch and provide a theoretical basis for the anti-floating stable design of the underground station structure of the subway.
To achieve the above objects, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a simulation test apparatus for measuring a buoyancy of a floor of an underground station, comprising a reinforced concrete test cell;
the reinforced concrete test pool is filled with a clay layer and a sandy soil layer from bottom to top, the top of the sandy soil layer is provided with a pebble layer, the middle part in the reinforced concrete test pool is vertically provided with an inner steel cylinder, the bottom of the inner steel cylinder is arranged in the clay layer, and the top of the inner steel cylinder is not lower than the top elevation of the sandy soil layer;
a first blind ditch is arranged below the steel inner cylinder, a steel wire mesh is arranged on the top surface of the first blind ditch, and the edge of the bottom of the steel inner cylinder is fixed with the steel wire mesh; a second blind ditch is arranged on the outer side of the steel inner cylinder and is arranged in the clay layer; the first blind ditch and the second blind ditch are communicated with the outside of the reinforced concrete test pool through corresponding drain pipes and water level pipes;
the bottom of the steel inner cylinder is connected with the buoyancy testing bottom plate through a bottom plate connecting assembly, the joint of the buoyancy testing bottom plate and the buoyancy testing bottom plate is sealed, and the buoyancy testing bottom plate can vertically limit and move in the bottom plate connecting assembly;
the buoyancy testing bottom plate is provided with a plurality of pressure sensors and displacement sensors, wherein the pressure sensors are fixed at the top of the buoyancy testing bottom plate and can measure the current pressure value through compression deformation, the bottom of a steel structure support vertically arranged in the steel inner cylinder is connected with the pressure sensors, the top of the steel structure support is connected with a top supporting structure, and the top supporting structure is fixed on the top surface of the wall of the reinforced concrete testing pool.
As a further improvement of the invention, a first steel plate strip and a second steel plate strip are vertically arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the steel inner cylinder at intervals, steel rings (803) are arranged on the inner sides of the first steel plate strip and the second steel plate strip, and the buoyancy test bottom plate is fixedly arranged between the steel rings;
a limiting pin is fixed in the annular groove of the steel ring, and one end of the limiting pin is positioned between the first steel plate strip and the second steel plate strip.
As a further improvement of the invention, the bottom surfaces of the steel ring and the first steel strip are provided with flexible water stop strips, and the flexible water stop strips are connected with the steel ring and the first steel strip through bolt assemblies; and meanwhile, flexible water stop strips are arranged on the top surfaces of the steel ring and the second steel strip, and are connected with the steel ring and the second steel strip through bolt assemblies.
As a further improvement of the invention, the other end of the water level pipe connected with the first blind ditch and the second blind ditch is communicated with a corresponding water level mark plate on the outer wall of the reinforced concrete test pool, so that the corresponding water level can be read out visually through reading.
As a further improvement of the invention, the drain pipe connected with the first blind drain and the second blind drain is provided with an independent valve outside the reinforced concrete test pool.
As a further improvement of the invention, the reinforced concrete test pool is externally provided with steps which are convenient for reading the bottom number of the water level signboard, and the steel structure bracket is provided with steps which are convenient for a tester to reach the bottom of the steel inner cylinder.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a construction method of the simulation test apparatus for measuring the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the underground station, comprising the steps of:
1) Constructing a reinforced concrete test pool on a test site;
2) After the concrete strength of the reinforced concrete test pool reaches the designed strength, burying a clay layer in the test pool by adopting a layered compaction method;
3) After the clay layer is buried to a designed elevation, a first blind ditch at the bottom of the steel inner cylinder is manufactured in the test pool, and a first water level pipe and a first drainage pipe with a valve are arranged at the bottom of the blind ditch;
4) Arranging a steel wire mesh on the top surface of the first blind ditch, and installing a steel inner cylinder on the accurately positioned steel wire mesh;
5) After the steel inner cylinder is installed, a clay layer is continuously filled between the steel inner cylinder and the reinforced concrete test pool, an annular second blind ditch is arranged at a corresponding design position outside the steel inner cylinder, and a second water level pipe and a second drain pipe with a valve are arranged at the bottom of the second blind ditch;
6) Continuously filling a clay layer, and filling a sand layer and a pebble layer above the clay layer;
7) After the soil filling of the reinforced concrete test pool reaches the designed elevation, a bottom plate connecting assembly and a buoyancy test bottom plate are installed on the inner wall of the steel inner cylinder, a plurality of displacement sensors are installed at the bottom of the buoyancy test bottom plate, and a plurality of pressure sensors are installed at the top of the buoyancy test bottom plate;
8) And hoisting a steel structure support in the steel inner cylinder, and respectively connecting the top and the bottom of the steel structure support with a top supporting structure and a pressure sensor.
As a further improvement of the invention, after the pressure sensors and the displacement sensors are installed, cables of the sensors are connected to corresponding data acquisition boxes outside the reinforced concrete test pool.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a testing method of the simulation test apparatus for measuring the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the underground station, comprising the steps of:
s1: backfilling the rock-soil mass retrieved on site to the bottom of the first blind ditch according to the geological condition on site;
s2: towards water injection step by step in the reinforced concrete test pond, obtain each pressure head H according to the stable reading of first water level pipe to bottom water pressure value under the different pressure heads is calculated according to formula (1):
f = gamma HA formula (1)
In the formula (1), F is the water pressure value at the bottom of the water head with different pressures, gamma is the water gravity, H is the pressure water head, and A is the buoyancy test base plate area;
s3: recording readings N of the pressure sensors under different pressure water heads, respectively obtaining the friction force F between the buoyancy test bottom plate and the side wall of the steel inner cylinder under different pressure water heads through the formula (2), and drawing the water pressure value F of the bottom of the different pressure water heads 1 A curve relating to the friction force f;
F 1 = N + G + f type (2)
In the formula (2), F 1 The water pressure values of the bottoms of the water heads with different pressures are obtained, G is the weight of the buoyancy testing bottom plate, and N is the reading of the pressure sensors under the water heads with different pressures;
s4: draining water in the reinforced concrete test pool, continuously backfilling the rock soil retrieved on site to the required elevation of the reinforced concrete test pool according to the geological condition on the site, and compacting;
s5: injecting water into the pebble bed and keeping the pebble bed in a full water state;
s6: when the readings of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor are stable, namely the rock-soil mass is saturated, the friction force F under the full water head working condition is obtained according to the step S3, the reading N of the pressure sensor at the moment is recorded, and the buoyancy force F borne by the buoyancy test bottom plate under the full water head working condition is obtained according to the formula 2 ；
F 2 = N + G + f type (3)
In the formula (3), F 2 Is floatingThe buoyancy force borne by the force testing bottom plate, f, the friction force between the buoyancy force testing bottom plate and the side wall of the steel inner cylinder under different pressure water heads, G, the weight of the buoyancy force testing bottom plate, and N, the readings of the pressure sensors under different pressure water heads;
s7: water is injected to keep the full water state of the pebble bed unchanged, and a drain pipe valve of the first blind ditch and/or the second blind ditch is/are selectively opened according to the situation to drain water; recording the water drainage time and the water drainage amount under each working condition of independent water drainage and combined water drainage of the two blind ditches, and continuously calculating the buoyancy F borne by the buoyancy test bottom plate under each pressure head under each working condition according to the step S6 2 。
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of the underground station bottom plate adopts the reinforced concrete test pool to contain the soil body of the subway station field to form the test pool body capable of testing the buoyancy of the underground station bottom plate under the drainage condition of the blind ditch, utilizes the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor to truly and effectively simulate the action of the underground station bottom plate and water under the drainage condition of the blind ditch, obtains the mechanical parameters between the bottom plate and the water, obtains the accurate drainage mode, the relation between the drainage quantity and the action size of the water buoyancy and provides a basis for the formation mechanism and the calculation method of the water buoyancy of the underground station under the drainage condition of the blind ditch.
(2) According to the simulation test method for measuring the buoyancy of the underground station bottom plate, the simulation test result can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the anti-floating stable design of the underground station structure of the subway, and meanwhile, the simulation test result can also provide reference for the anti-floating stable design of the engineering structures such as municipal underground engineering, underground space and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of a bottom plate of an underground station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the bottom connection structure of the steel inner cylinder in FIG. 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a connection structure of a buoyancy test bottom plate and a steel inner cylinder related to the simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the underground station in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the connection between the buoyancy test bottom plate and the inner steel cylinder of the simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the underground station according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a loading truss assembly involved in a simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of a bottom plate of an underground station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a steel structure truss involved in a simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of a bottom plate of an underground station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of a top support structure related to a simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of a bottom plate of an underground station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In all the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features, in particular: 1-a reinforced concrete test pool, 2-a clay layer, 3-a sand layer, 4-a first blind ditch, 5-a steel inner cylinder, 6-a second blind ditch, 7-a steel wire mesh, 8-a bottom plate connecting assembly, 9-a buoyancy testing bottom plate, 10-a pressure sensor, 11-a displacement sensor, 12-a steel structure bracket, 13-a first water level pipe, 14-a first water discharge pipe, 15-a second water level pipe, 16-a second water discharge pipe, 17-a water level mark plate, 18-a pebble layer, 19-a loading truss, 20-a first valve and 21-a second valve; 801-a first steel plate strip, 802-a second steel plate strip, 803-a steel ring, 804-a limiting pin, 805-a flexible water stop strip and 806-a bolt component; 191-truss, 192-angle steel, 193-channel steel, 194-first welding batten plate, 195-second welding batten plate and 196-screw rod component.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "above," and "over" a second feature may be directly on or obliquely above the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The invention provides a simulation test device for testing the buoyancy of an underground station bottom plate under the condition of blind drain drainage, as shown in figure 1, the simulation test device for testing the buoyancy of the underground station bottom plate comprises a reinforced concrete test pool 1, wherein a clay layer 2 is filled below the reinforced concrete test pool 1, a sand layer 3 is filled above the clay layer 2, preferably, a pebble layer 18 is further arranged in the sand layer 3, the pebble layer 18 is arranged at the top of the sand layer 3, and the top surface elevation of the pebble layer 18 is the same as that of the sand layer 3. Clay layer 2, sand layer 3 and cobble layer 18 all take back from the underground station scene, and the vertical steel inner tube 5 that is equipped with in middle part in the reinforced concrete test pond 1, during clay layer 2 was located to steel inner tube 5 bottom, the top was not less than the top surface elevation of sand layer 3.
A first blind ditch 4 is arranged below the inner steel cylinder 5, a steel wire mesh 7 is arranged on the top surface of the first blind ditch 4, and the edge of the bottom of the inner steel cylinder 5 is fixed with the steel wire mesh 7. On one hand, the steel wire mesh 7 is used as a base for installing the steel inner cylinder 5, and the steel inner cylinder can be ensured not to deviate when being installed; on the other hand, set up the wire net piece between steel inner tube and first french drain, can block that the inside stone of first french drain produces the contact with the buoyancy test bottom plate 9 of steel inner tube bottom, do not influence the water in the first french drain again simultaneously and the contact of buoyancy test bottom plate 9.
And a second circumferential blind ditch 6 is arranged on the outer side of the steel inner cylinder 5, and the second blind ditch 6 is arranged in the clay layer 2. The first blind ditch 4 is communicated with a first water level pipe 13 and a first drainage pipe 14, one end of the first water level pipe 13 and one end of the first drainage pipe 14 are connected with the bottom of the first blind ditch 4, the other end of the first water level pipe 13 and the other end of the first drainage pipe 14 extend out of the reinforced concrete test pool 1, and the end parts are provided with first valves 20. The second blind ditch 6 is communicated with a second water level pipe 15 and a second drain pipe 16, one end of the second water level pipe 15 and one end of the second drain pipe 16 are connected with the bottom of the second blind ditch 6, the other end of the second water level pipe 15 and the other end of the second drain pipe 16 extend out of the reinforced concrete test pool 1, and the end parts are provided with second valves 21.
The first water level pipe 13 and the second water level pipe 15 are communicated with corresponding water level identification plates 17 on the outer wall of the reinforced concrete test tank 1, and the corresponding water levels can be visually seen through reading.
The first blind ditch and the second blind ditch are used for draining and decompressing, wherein the first blind ditch is arranged at the bottom of the device, the second blind ditch is arranged on the side wall of the middle part of the device, the water level pipe is used for monitoring the water head change conditions at different positions in the test pool, the drain pipe is used for draining, the drain pipe is provided with valves for controlling the drainage mode and the drainage quantity, and the signboard is used for fixing the water level pipes at different positions outside the test pool so as to more intuitively compare the water level change conditions.
The steel inner cylinder 5 is preferably cylindrical, and correspondingly, the first blind ditch is cylindrical at the bottom of the steel inner cylinder, the second blind ditch is arranged on the side wall of the steel inner cylinder and is annular, and as shown in fig. 4, the bottom of the steel inner cylinder is connected with a circular buoyancy testing bottom plate 9 through a bottom plate connecting assembly 8 along the annular direction.
As further shown in fig. 1 to 3, the bottom plate connection assembly 8 includes a first steel strip 801, a second steel strip 802, a steel ring 803, a limit pin 804, a flexible water stop 805, and a bolt assembly 806. Specifically, a first steel lath 801 and a second steel lath 802 are arranged at the inner side of the bottom of the steel inner cylinder 5 at intervals, and are preferably welded with the steel inner cylinder; the first steel lath 801 and the second steel lath 802 are vertically spaced, in an embodiment shown in the drawings of the present invention, the second steel lath 802 is located above the first steel lath 801, and the bottom surface of the first steel lath 801 is flush with the bottom surface of the steel inner cylinder 5, and the second steel lath 802 and the first steel lath 801 are further preferably spaced by 30 mm.
The inner sides of the first steel lath 801 and the second steel lath 802 are provided with steel rings 803, the top surfaces of the steel rings 803 are preferably level with the top surface of the second steel lath 802, the bottom surfaces of the steel rings 803 are preferably level with the bottom surface of the first steel lath 801, the top surfaces of the steel rings 803 and the top surface of the second steel lath 802 are provided with flexible water stopping strips 805, the flexible water stopping strips 805 are simultaneously connected with the second steel lath 802 and the steel rings 803 through corresponding bolt assemblies 806, the bottom surfaces of the steel rings 803 and the bottom surface of the first steel lath 801 are also provided with flexible water stopping strips 805, and the flexible water stopping strips 805 are simultaneously connected with the first steel lath 801 and the steel rings 803 through corresponding bolt assemblies 806. Adopt the waterstop stagnant water between the billet on buoyancy test bottom plate and the steel inner tube, can prevent that the rivers from permeating the steel inner tube in the soil body to under the buoyancy effect can be guaranteed to flexible waterstop, when buoyancy test bottom plate 9 and steel ring 803 vertical migration, certain buffer space has.
The buoyancy test bottom plate 9 is placed between the steel rings 803 and preferably welded thereto. In order to ensure that a certain moving space exists between the buoyancy test bottom plate and the steel inner cylinder, the moving range of the buoyancy test bottom plate cannot be too large, a limiting pin 804 is fixed in a circumferential groove of the steel ring 803, and one end of the limiting pin 804 is located between the first steel plate strip 801 and the second steel plate strip 802, so that the buoyancy test bottom plate 9 and the steel ring 803 are limited through the limiting pin 804 when vertically moving under the action of buoyancy.
The buoyancy testing bottom plate 9 is provided with a plurality of pressure sensors 10 and displacement sensors 11, the pressure sensors 10 are used for testing buoyancy on the bottom plate, and the displacement sensors 11 are used for measuring displacement values of the buoyancy testing bottom plate under the action of water buoyancy. Wherein pressure sensor 10 locates on the buoyancy test bottom plate 9 top surface to be connected with steel structure support 12 through pressure sensor 10, steel structure support 12 top is fixed through top bearing structure, and the bottom is connected with pressure sensor 10, and top bearing structure is fixed in 1 pool wall top surface in reinforced concrete test pond, and steel structure support and top bearing structure are used for providing the buoyancy counter-force, with this measurement buoyancy, are equipped with the ladder on the steel structure support simultaneously, and the tester of being convenient for reachs the steel inner tube bottom and is under construction.
It should be noted that, the pressure sensor 10 may measure a current pressure value through compression deformation, and in the process of floating the buoyancy test bottom plate 9, the pressure sensor 10 may sense a corresponding pressure value while being compressed.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the displacement sensor 11 is preferably disposed at the bottom of the buoyancy test base plate 9, and the displacement sensor is used to determine whether the buoyancy test base plate 9 is displaced. It should be noted that only on the premise that the displacement sensor 11 is displaced from the initial value, the data measured by the pressure sensor 10 is valid, that is, sliding friction is generated between the buoyancy test bottom plate and the steel inner cylinder.
In one non-limiting embodiment, the top support structure comprises a steel structural truss (as shown in FIG. 6) and a loading truss 19 (as shown in FIG. 5), wherein the loading truss 19 comprises a truss 191, angle steel 192, channel steel 193, a first welded gusset plate 194, and a second welded gusset plate 195. The truss 191 is horizontally arranged, the channel steel 193 is vertically arranged at two ends of the truss 191, an oblique angle steel 192 is arranged between the truss 191 and the channel steel 193, and two ends of the angle steel 192 are fixed with the truss 191 and the channel steel 193 through a first welding batten 194 and a second welding batten 195 respectively. As shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of steel structure trusses are fixed on the top of the wall of the reinforced concrete test pool 1, a loading truss 19 is fixed on the steel structure trusses, and a truss 191 is connected with the top of the steel structure support 12 through a screw assembly 196. It should be understood, however, that the above description provides only one embodiment, and the specific manner of disposing the top support structure is not particularly limited in the present invention, as long as the top of the steel structure bracket 12 can be stably connected.
Illustratively, the test cell of the present invention has a planar dimension of 7.750m by 7.750m and a depth of 6m; the circular steel inner cylinder is used for simulating a subway station, the outer diameter of the steel inner cylinder is 1.5m, the height of the steel inner cylinder is 4.15m, and the thickness of a buried soil body is 4m. The size of the reinforced concrete test tank, the size of the round steel inner cylinder, the size of the buoyancy test bottom plate, the size of the blind ditch, the size of the water level pipe, the size of the drain pipe, the size of the signboard and other sizes can be adjusted according to the needs.
The invention adopts a reinforced concrete test tank to contain the soil body of the subway station site (the soil body of the site monitoring section has clay, sandy soil and pebbles), forms a test tank body which can test the buoyancy of the underground station bottom plate under the drainage condition of the blind ditch, and utilizes a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor to truly and effectively simulate the action of the underground station bottom plate and water under the drainage condition of the blind ditch, obtain the mechanical parameters between the bottom plate and the water, obtain the relation of the accurate drainage mode, the drainage quantity and the action of the water buoyancy and provide a foundation for the formation mechanism and the calculation method of the water buoyancy of the underground station under the drainage condition of the blind ditch.
Further, the construction method of the simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the underground station comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a reinforced concrete test pool 1 in a test site;
after the test site is constructed to be flat, paving a concrete cushion layer on the surface of the site; binding steel bars of a bottom plate of the test pool and pouring concrete of the bottom plate according to the design; binding steel bars on the wall of the test tank and pouring concrete on the wall of the test tank after the strength of the bottom plate concrete reaches the designed strength;
(2) After the concrete strength of the reinforced concrete test pool reaches the designed strength, burying the clay layer 2 in the test pool by adopting a layered compaction method;
(3) After the clay layer 2 is buried to a designed elevation, a first blind ditch 4 at the bottom of the steel inner cylinder is manufactured in the test pool, and a first water level pipe 13 and a first drainage pipe 14 with a valve are arranged at the bottom of the blind ditch;
(4) Arranging a steel wire mesh 7 on the top surface of the first blind ditch 4, wherein the steel wire mesh 7 is used as an installation base of the steel inner cylinder 5, and installing the steel inner cylinder 5 on the accurately positioned steel wire mesh;
(5) After the steel inner cylinder 5 is installed, a clay layer 2 is continuously filled between the steel inner cylinder 5 and the reinforced concrete test pool 1, an annular second blind ditch 6 is arranged at a corresponding design position outside the steel inner cylinder 5, and a second water level pipe 15 and a second drain pipe 16 with a valve are arranged at the bottom of the second blind ditch 6;
(6) Continuously filling the clay layer 2, and filling a sand layer 3 and a pebble layer 18 above the clay layer 2;
(7) After the soil filling of the reinforced concrete test pool 1 reaches the designed elevation, a bottom plate connecting assembly 8 is installed on the inner wall of the steel inner cylinder 5, a buoyancy test bottom plate 9 is installed, a plurality of displacement sensors 11 are installed at the bottom of the buoyancy test bottom plate 9, and a plurality of pressure sensors 10 are installed at the top of the buoyancy test bottom plate;
(8) Hoisting a steel structure support 12 in the steel inner cylinder, and respectively connecting the top and the bottom of the steel structure support 12 with a top supporting structure and a pressure sensor 10; the bottom of the steel structure support 12 is fixed on the buoyancy testing bottom plate 9 through the pressure sensor 10, the top of the steel structure support 12 is fixed on a top supporting structure through a bolt assembly, and the top supporting structure is fixed on the top of the wall of the reinforced concrete testing pool 1.
In addition, after the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor in the test pool are installed, cables of various sensors are connected to corresponding data acquisition boxes outside the reinforced concrete test pool; in order to read the water level and the water discharge quantity of the blind ditch visually, the water level pipe extends forwards along the horizontal direction, penetrates through the wall of the test pool to the outer side of the test pool, and a water level indicating plate 17 is manufactured on the outer side of the test pool.
Further, aiming at the simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the underground station, the invention provides a simulation test method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: backfilling the rock-soil mass retrieved on site to the bottom of the first blind ditch 4 according to the geological condition on site;
s2: towards water injection step by step in reinforced concrete test pond 1, obtain each pressure head H according to the stable reading of first water level pipe 13 to bottom water pressure value under the different pressure heads is calculated according to formula (1):
f = gamma HA formula (1)
In the formula (1), F is the water pressure value at the bottom of the water head with different pressures, gamma is the water gravity, H is the pressure water head, and A is the buoyancy test base plate area;
for example, the gradients of the pressure water heads can be set to be 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 3.5m, 4m, 4.5m and 5m, and other pressure water head gradients can be set according to actual conditions to calculate the bottom water pressure value F under different pressure water head heights;
s3: recording readings N of the pressure sensors 10 under different pressure water heads, respectively calculating the friction force F between the buoyancy test bottom plate 9 and the side wall of the steel inner cylinder 5 under different pressure water heads through the formula (2), and drawing the water pressure value F of the bottom under different pressure water heads 1 Curve with friction force f.
F 1 = N + G + f type (2)
In the formula (2), F 1 The water pressure values at the bottom of the water heads with different pressures are G, the weight of the buoyancy testing bottom plate 9 is G, and N is the reading of the pressure sensor 10 under the water heads with different pressures;
s4: draining water in the reinforced concrete test pool 1, continuously backfilling the rock and soil retrieved on site to the required elevation of the reinforced concrete test pool 1 according to the geological condition on the site, and compacting;
s5: injecting water into the pebble layer 18 and keeping the pebble layer in a full water state, preferably, pumping air from the top of the test pool by using a vacuum pump to enable the water to freely seep downwards and accelerate the saturation of rock and soil mass;
s6: when the readings of the pressure sensor 10 and the displacement sensor 11 are stable, namely the rock-soil mass is saturated, the reading N of the pressure sensor 10 at the moment is recorded, and the buoyancy F borne by the buoyancy test bottom plate 9 under the working condition of full head is obtained according to the formula (3) 2 ；
F 2 = N + G + f type (3)
In the formula (3), F 2 F, friction force between the buoyancy test bottom plate 9 and the side wall of the steel inner cylinder 5 under different pressure water heads is the buoyancy borne by the buoyancy test bottom plate, G is the weight of the buoyancy test bottom plate 9, and N is the reading of the pressure sensor 10 under different pressure water heads;
according to the water pressure value F of the lower bottom of the water head with different pressures 1 Calculating the friction force F under the full water head working condition according to a relation curve of the friction force F, reading the reading of the pressure sensor 10 under the full water head working condition, and calculating the buoyancy force F borne by the buoyancy test bottom plate 9 under the full water head working condition 2 ；
S7: water is injected to keep the pebble layer 18 in a full water state, and a drain pipe valve of the first blind ditch 4 and/or the second blind ditch 6 is/are selectively opened according to the situation to drain water; recording the water discharge time and the water discharge amount under each working condition of the independent water discharge and the combined water discharge of the first blind ditch 4 or the second blind ditch 6, recording the corresponding water head data and the reading N of the pressure sensor 10 when the flow is stable, and continuously obtaining the buoyancy F borne by the buoyancy test bottom plate 9 under each pressure water head under each working condition according to the step S6 2 。
The simulation test result of the invention can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the anti-floating stable design of the underground station structure of the subway, and can also provide reference for the anti-floating stable design of the engineering structures such as municipal underground engineering, underground space and the like, thereby having important theoretical significance and engineering application value; and because the investment of subway engineering is huge, the device provides a reasonable base water buoyancy calculation formula through experimental research, reduces the capital investment and the construction period investment in anti-floating measures, and generates remarkable economic benefit.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of a bottom plate of an underground station is characterized by comprising a reinforced concrete test pool (1);
a clay layer (2) and a sandy soil layer (3) are filled in the reinforced concrete test pool (1) from bottom to top, a pebble layer (18) is arranged at the top of the sandy soil layer (3), a steel inner cylinder (5) is vertically arranged in the middle of the reinforced concrete test pool (1), the bottom of the steel inner cylinder (5) is arranged in the clay layer (2), and the top of the steel inner cylinder is not lower than the top elevation of the sandy soil layer (3);
a first blind ditch (4) is arranged below the inner steel cylinder (5), a steel wire mesh (7) is arranged on the top surface of the first blind ditch (4), and the edge of the bottom of the inner steel cylinder (5) is fixed with the steel wire mesh (7); a second blind ditch (6) is arranged on the outer side of the steel inner cylinder (5), and the second blind ditch (6) is arranged in the clay layer (2); the first blind drain (4) and the second blind drain (6) are communicated with the outside of the reinforced concrete test pool (1) through corresponding drain pipes and water level pipes;
the bottom of the steel inner cylinder (5) is connected with a buoyancy testing bottom plate (9) through a bottom plate connecting assembly (8), the joint of the two is sealed, and the buoyancy testing bottom plate (9) can vertically move in the bottom plate connecting assembly (8) in a limiting manner;
the buoyancy testing bottom plate (9) is provided with a plurality of pressure sensors (10) and displacement sensors (11), wherein the pressure sensors (10) are fixed at the top of the buoyancy testing bottom plate, the pressure sensors (10) can be used for measuring the current pressure value through compression deformation, the bottom of a steel structure support (12) vertically arranged in the steel inner cylinder (5) is connected with the pressure sensors (10), the top of the steel structure support is connected with a top supporting structure, and the top supporting structure is fixed on the top surface of the wall of the reinforced concrete testing pool (1).
2. The simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the underground station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner side of the bottom of the inner steel cylinder (5) is vertically provided with a first steel lath (801) and a second steel lath (802) at intervals, the inner sides of the first steel lath (801) and the second steel lath (802) are provided with steel rings (803), and the buoyancy test bottom plate (9) is fixedly arranged between the steel rings (803);
a limiting pin (804) is fixed in the annular groove of the steel ring (803), and one end of the limiting pin is positioned between the first steel lath (801) and the second steel lath (802).
3. The simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the underground station as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bottom surfaces of the steel ring (803) and the first steel strip (801) are provided with flexible water stop strips (805), and the flexible water stop strips (805) are connected with the steel ring and the first steel strip through bolt assemblies; and meanwhile, flexible water stop strips (805) are arranged on the top surfaces of the steel ring (803) and the second steel plate strip (802), and the flexible water stop strips (805) are connected with the steel ring and the second steel plate strip through bolt assemblies.
4. The simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the underground station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water level pipes connected with the first blind ditch (4) and the second blind ditch (6) have the other ends communicated with the corresponding water level identification plates (17) on the outer wall of the reinforced concrete test pool (1) so as to read the corresponding water levels visually through reading.
5. A simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of a floor of a subterranean station according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the drain pipes connected to the first blind drain (4) and the second blind drain (6) are provided with independent valves outside the reinforced concrete test tank (1).
6. The simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the underground station as claimed in claim 4, wherein a step is arranged outside the reinforced concrete test pool (1) for facilitating reading of the water level signboard (17), and a step is arranged on the steel structure support (12) for facilitating a tester to reach the bottom of the steel inner cylinder.
7. A construction method of the simulation test apparatus for measuring the buoyancy of the floor of the underground station according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
1) Constructing a reinforced concrete test pool (1) on a test site;
2) After the concrete strength of the reinforced concrete test pool reaches the designed strength, burying a clay layer (2) in the test pool by adopting a layered compaction method;
3) After the clay layer (2) is buried to a designed elevation, a first blind ditch (4) at the bottom of the steel inner cylinder is manufactured in the test pool, and a first water level pipe (13) and a first drainage pipe (14) with a valve are arranged at the bottom of the blind ditch;
4) Arranging a steel wire mesh (7) on the top surface of the first blind ditch (4), and installing a steel inner cylinder (5) on the accurately positioned steel wire mesh;
5) After the steel inner cylinder (5) is installed, a clay layer (2) is continuously filled between the steel inner cylinder (5) and the reinforced concrete test pool (1), an annular second blind ditch (6) is arranged at a corresponding design position on the outer side of the steel inner cylinder (5), and a second water level pipe (15) and a second drain pipe (16) with a valve are arranged at the bottom of the second blind ditch (6);
6) Continuously filling the clay layer (2), and filling a sand layer (3) and a pebble layer (18) above the clay layer (2);
7) After the soil filled in the reinforced concrete test pool (1) reaches the designed elevation, a bottom plate connecting assembly (8) and a buoyancy test bottom plate (9) are installed on the inner wall of the steel inner cylinder (5), a plurality of displacement sensors (11) are installed at the bottom of the buoyancy test bottom plate (9), and a plurality of pressure sensors (10) are installed at the top of the buoyancy test bottom plate;
8) And hoisting a steel structure support (12) in the steel inner cylinder, and respectively connecting the top and the bottom of the steel structure support with a top supporting structure and a pressure sensor (10).
8. The construction method of the simulation test device for measuring the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the underground station as claimed in claim 7, wherein after the pressure sensor (10) and the displacement sensor (11) are installed, cables of the sensors are connected to corresponding data acquisition boxes outside the reinforced concrete test pool (1).
9. A test method of the simulation test apparatus for measuring the buoyancy of the floor of the underground station according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1: backfilling the rock-soil mass retrieved on site to the bottom of the first blind ditch (4) according to the geological condition on the site;
s2: toward water injection step by step in reinforced concrete test pond (1), obtain each pressure water head H according to the stable reading of first water level pipe (13) to bottom water pressure value under the different pressure water heads is calculated according to formula (1):
f = gamma HA formula (1)
In the formula (1), F is the water pressure value at the bottom of the water head with different pressures, gamma is the water gravity, H is the pressure water head, and A is the buoyancy test base plate area;
s3: recording readings N of the pressure sensors (10) under different pressure water heads, respectively calculating the friction force F between the buoyancy test bottom plate (9) and the side wall of the steel inner cylinder (5) under different pressure water heads by the formula (2), and drawing the water pressure value F of the bottom of the different pressure water heads 1 A curve relating friction force f;
F 1 = N + G + f type (2)
In the formula (2), F 1 Water pressure values at the bottom of the water heads with different pressures are obtained, G is the weight of the buoyancy testing bottom plate (9), and N is the reading of the pressure sensors (10) under the water heads with different pressures;
s4: draining water in the reinforced concrete test pool (1), continuously backfilling the rock soil retrieved on site according to the geological condition on site to the required elevation of the reinforced concrete test pool (1) and compacting;
s5: injecting water into the pebble bed (18) and keeping the pebble bed in a full water state;
s6: when the readings of the pressure sensor (10) and the displacement sensor (11) are stable, namely the rock-soil body is saturated, the friction force F under the full water head working condition is obtained according to the step S3, the reading N of the pressure sensor (10) at the moment is recorded, and the buoyancy F borne by the buoyancy test bottom plate (9) under the full water head working condition is obtained according to the formula (3) 2 ；
F 2 = N + G + f type (3)
In formula (3), F 2 F, testing the buoyancy force borne by the bottom plate for the buoyancy force under different pressure water heads, wherein G is the weight of the bottom plate for the buoyancy force testing, and N is the reading of the pressure sensors under different pressure water heads;
s7: water is injected to keep the full water state of the pebble layer (18) unchanged, and a drain pipe valve of the first blind ditch (4) and/or the second blind ditch (6) is/are selectively opened according to the situation to drain water; recording the water drainage time and the water drainage quantity under each working condition of independent water drainage and combined water drainage of the two blind ditches, and continuously calculating the buoyancy F borne by the buoyancy test bottom plate (9) under each pressure head under each working condition according to the step S6 2 。
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