CN115386962A - 一种高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法 Download PDF

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CN115386962A
CN115386962A CN202211006732.2A CN202211006732A CN115386962A CN 115386962 A CN115386962 A CN 115386962A CN 202211006732 A CN202211006732 A CN 202211006732A CN 115386962 A CN115386962 A CN 115386962A
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吕春富
王卿伟
常晟
端平
刘桂勇
李志成
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,分两步完成腐蚀,然后甩干,具体包括如下步骤:1)将锗单晶片插入卡塞在酸性腐蚀液1中腐蚀,酸性腐蚀液1的组成以体积比计,包括高纯水:HF:H2O2=(8‑10):(0.5‑1):(0.5‑0.8);2)将完成步骤1)的锗单晶片在酸性腐蚀液2中腐蚀,酸性腐蚀液2的组成以体积比计,包括高纯水:HF:H2O2=(1‑2):(1‑1.5):(0.05‑0.1);3)将完成步骤2)的锗单晶片连同卡塞放入甩干机甩干。本发明解决了晶片表面腐蚀花纹等问题,腐蚀后晶片表面透亮、腐蚀操作简单、腐蚀效率高等,同时本方法腐蚀的超薄锗单晶片强度高、韧性大,可很好地满足超薄锗单晶片的制作要求。

Description

一种高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,属于半导体材料技术领域。
背景技术
超薄锗单晶片作为衬底材料广泛应用于航空航天太阳能电池制作。不论是多节还是单节太阳能电池,其制作过程中,超薄锗单晶片的抛光和清洗,以及后续外延工艺都是必须的过程。而衬底材料的强度和韧性对超薄锗单晶片抛光,清洗的成品率,外延片外延的质量和电池可靠性都有很大的影响,因此,确保衬底材料的强度和韧性是非常重要的。
现有超薄锗单晶片的腐蚀方法主要包括三种,分别为溴素腐蚀法、单步腐蚀法和碱液加氧化剂腐蚀法。溴素腐蚀方法,由于化学腐蚀腐蚀速度快,操作要求高,操作人员难控制,腐蚀后晶片表面易出现腐蚀花纹,卡塞两边位置表面有架子印,腐蚀厚度难控制,片与片之间厚度差超过10μm;而单步腐蚀方法加工的锗单晶片,机械强度普遍偏低,且易出现不透亮等表面缺陷问题;用碱液加氧化剂腐蚀的锗单晶片,存在腐蚀效率低下,表面暗点、无光泽、不透亮等问题,难以满足超薄锗单晶片抛光、清洗和太阳能电池的制作要求。因此,迫切需要开发一种既可以提高超薄锗单晶片强度,又能确保腐蚀去除量均匀、腐蚀后表面质量稳定的腐蚀方法。
发明内容
本发明提供一种高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,解决了晶片表面腐蚀花纹等问题,腐蚀后晶片表面透亮、腐蚀操作简单、腐蚀效率高等,同时本方法腐蚀的超薄锗单晶片强度高、韧性大,可很好地满足超薄锗单晶片的制作要求。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,分两步完成腐蚀,然后甩干,具体包括如下步骤:
1)将锗单晶片插入卡塞在酸性腐蚀液1中腐蚀,酸性腐蚀液1的组成以体积比计,包括高纯水:HF:H2O2=(8-10):(0.5-1):(0.5-0.8);
2)将完成步骤1)的锗单晶片在酸性腐蚀液2中腐蚀,酸性腐蚀液2的组成以体积比计,包括高纯水:HF:H2O2=(1-2):(1-1.5):(0.05-0.1);
3)将完成步骤2)的锗单晶片连同卡塞放入甩干机甩干。
上述步骤1-3)锗单晶片均在卡塞中,完成,操作简单方便。
需要说明的是:本申请为轻度腐蚀,不同于位错腐蚀,本申请轻度腐蚀的目的是:去除表面的损伤层,同时起到增强的效果;而位错腐蚀是为了腐蚀形成有规则的图形,以判断位错有没有达到要求。
本申请通过两步腐蚀,不仅显著提高了锗单晶片的表面质量,而且促进了锗单晶片强度的提升,同时还保持了锗单晶片优异的韧性;操作简单,为后续抛光、清洗提供有效帮助,用本方法腐蚀的超薄锗单晶片,完全满足空间太阳能电池使用要求。
由于晶片存在应力,锗单晶片在加工过程中,在其表面形成损伤层,导致晶片强度低,通过本申请特定步骤的化学腐蚀,可以有效释放晶片应力,同时修复加工时产生的损伤层,从而使晶片强度提高。
作为常识,卡塞一头为H头、另一头为U头,从H头到U头共25个插槽。本申请对晶片在卡塞中的插入位置没有限制。
通常,厚度小于200微米的晶片视为超薄晶片。
为了更好地确保腐蚀效果,优选,步骤1)和2)中,酸性腐蚀液1和酸性腐蚀液2 所用高纯水的电阻率均为18.2~18.3MΩ.cm,所用HF均为质量浓度为40±1%的水溶液;所用H2O2均为质量浓度为30±1%的水溶液。
作为其中一种优选的实施方案,步骤1)中,酸性腐蚀液1由体积比为9:(0.5-0.6):(0.5-0.6)的高纯水、HF和H2O2混合而成。步骤2)中,酸性腐蚀液2由体积比为1.5: (1.1-1.2):(0.07-0.08)的高纯水、HF和H2O2混合而成。这样可更好地促进锗单晶片强度的提升,同时更好地保持锗单晶片优异的韧性。
为了提高腐蚀效果,上述步骤1)为,将锗单晶片插入卡塞,在温度不高于50℃的酸性腐蚀液1中腐蚀8-10秒,取出带锗单晶片的卡塞并水枪冲洗锗单晶片20-30秒。
上述步骤1)中,腐蚀温度优选为35~45℃。
为了进一步提高腐蚀效果,上述步骤2)为,将步骤1)水枪冲洗后的带锗单晶片的卡塞放入温度不高于50℃的酸性腐蚀液2中腐蚀25-35秒,取出带锗单晶片的卡塞,置入装满水的溢流水盒中用水枪冲洗20-30秒,然后移出溢流水盒用水枪冲洗锗单晶片及其卡塞45--90秒。
上述步骤2)中,腐蚀温度优选为20~30℃。
步骤1)-2)中,水枪冲洗时,水枪水压控制≥2.0kg/cm2
甩干的控制也是比较关键的,控制不好,会在锗单晶片表面留有水渍等,进而影响表面质量,为了更好地确保表面质量,上述步骤3)的过程优选为,将完成步骤2)的锗单晶片连同卡塞放入45所生产CXS-2150C型旋转甩干机,依次进行如下操作:转速为 800±50转/min的条件下、冲水120±10S,转速为1800±50转/min的条件下、氮气吹干时间240±10S,转速为1500±50转/min的条件下、氮气烘干180±10S,转速为800±50转/min 的条件下、氮气烘干60±10S。
上述冲水时,水温为15-20℃,水压为2.5±0.5kg/cm2;氮气吹干时间的温度为20±5℃;氮气烘干的温度为40-50℃。
本发明未提及的技术均参照现有技术。
本发明高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,通过两步腐蚀法和甩干步骤,结合特定腐蚀液的选择,有效提高了超薄锗单晶片的强度和韧性,且表面光亮、均一,无花纹、水渍、暗点等,可更好地满足空间太阳能电池使用要求;且本腐蚀方法操作简单、控制简单,容易实现规模化量产。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所得超薄锗晶片腐蚀强度、压缩位移测试图;
图2为实施例1所得超薄锗晶片图;
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
各例中,高纯水的电阻率均为18.3MΩ.cm,所用HF均为质量浓度为40%的氢氟酸水溶液;所用H2O2均为质量浓度为30%的H2O2水溶液;硝酸质量浓度为65%,醋酸质量浓度为99.5%,氢氟酸质量浓度为41%,溴素质量浓度大于99.5%;水枪水压控制≥2.0kg/cm2
实施例1
超薄锗片晶向为P<100>9°偏<111>,电阻率为:0.001~0.02Ω·cm,晶片厚度为:175±15μm。
分两步完成腐蚀,然后甩干,具体包括如下步骤:
1、将超薄锗单晶片20片依次插入特氟龙卡塞,将装有锗单晶片的卡塞放入温度为40℃的酸性腐蚀液1中腐蚀9秒,腐蚀液1由高纯水、HF和H2O2按其体积比为高纯水:HF: H2O2=9:0.5:0.6混合而成,此步骤可去除锗单晶片厚度2μm~3μm;之后取出带锗单晶片的卡塞并水枪冲洗锗单晶片25秒。
2、再将带锗单晶片的卡塞放入温度为25℃的酸性腐蚀液2中腐蚀30秒,腐蚀液2由高纯水、HF和H2O2按其体积比为高纯水:HF:H2O2=1.5:1.2:0.08混合而成,此步骤可去除锗单晶片厚度8μm~12μm;之后取出带锗单晶片的卡塞,置入装满水的溢流水盒中用水枪冲洗25秒,然后移出溢流水盒用水枪冲洗锗单晶片及其卡塞50秒。
3、将完成腐蚀的锗单晶片连同卡塞放入45所生产的CXS-2150C型旋转甩干机,依次进行如下操作:转速为800转/min的条件下、冲水120S(水温为18℃,水压为2.5kg/cm2),转速为1800转/min的条件下、氮气吹干时间240S(温度为20℃),转速为1500转/min 的条件下、氮气烘干180S(温度为45℃),转速为800转/min的条件下、氮气烘干60S (温度为45℃)。
完成上述腐蚀步骤后,用机械强度测试仪测试锗单晶片的机械强度。机械强度测试结果如表1所示,随机挑去4片锗单晶片,测试腐蚀强度、压缩位移测试,结果如图1所示。
表1
Figure BDA0003809266550000041
Figure BDA0003809266550000051
结论:从表1中数据可知,本方法腐蚀的强度在8.4-10.06lbf之间,其腐蚀强度均匀,腐蚀强度高,压缩位移大于0.072in,说明晶片韧性大,不容易破碎,两步腐蚀共去除厚度11μm-13μm,超薄锗单晶片机械强度高,韧性大。图2为腐蚀后的锗单晶片,可看出表面光亮,没有腐蚀花纹,没有暗点。
经实验,若只进行实施例1中的步骤1或步骤2的腐蚀,则掉量不够,锗单晶片的表面质量无法满足要求。延长实施例1中的步骤1的腐蚀时间至39秒,省去步骤2,作为对比例1,延长实施例1中的步骤2的腐蚀时间至39秒,省去步骤1,作为对比例2,具体如下:
对比例1
超薄锗片晶向为P<100>9°偏<111>,电阻率为:0.001~0.02Ω·cm,晶片厚度为:175±15μm。
1、将超薄锗单晶片20片依次插入特氟龙卡塞,将装有锗单晶片的卡塞放入温度为40℃的酸性腐蚀液1中腐蚀39秒,腐蚀液1由高纯水、HF和H2O2按其体积比为高纯水:HF:H2O2=9:0.5:0.6混合而成,之后取出带锗单晶片的卡塞,置入装满水的溢流水盒中用水枪冲洗25秒,然后移出溢流水盒用水枪冲洗锗单晶片及其卡塞50秒。
2、将完成腐蚀的锗单晶片连同卡塞放入45所生产的CXS-2150C型旋转甩干机,依次进行如下操作:转速为800转/min的条件下、冲水120S(水温为18℃,水压为2.5kg/cm2),转速为1800转/min的条件下、氮气吹干时间240S(温度为20℃),转速为1500转/min 的条件下、氮气烘干180S(温度为45℃),转速为800转/min的条件下、氮气烘干60S (温度为45℃)。
锗单晶片的腐蚀量为3~5μm,锗单晶片的表面不透亮、不均匀、有暗点,表面质量无法满足要求。
对比例2
超薄锗片晶向为P<100>9°偏<111>,电阻率为:0.001~0.02Ω·cm,晶片厚度为:175±15μm。
1、将超薄锗单晶片20片依次插入特氟龙卡塞,将装有锗单晶片的卡塞放入温度为25℃的酸性腐蚀液2中腐蚀39秒,腐蚀液2由高纯水、HF和H2O2按其体积比为高纯水:HF:H2O2=1.5:1.2:0.08混合而成,之后取出带锗单晶片的卡塞,置入装满水的溢流水盒中用水枪冲洗25秒,然后移出溢流水盒用水枪冲洗锗单晶片及其卡塞50秒。
2、将完成腐蚀的锗单晶片连同卡塞放入45所生产的CXS-2150C型旋转甩干机,依次进行如下操作:转速为800转/min的条件下、冲水120S(水温为18℃,水压为2.5kg/cm2),转速为1800转/min的条件下、氮气吹干时间240S(温度为20℃),转速为1500转/min 的条件下、氮气烘干180S(温度为45℃),转速为800转/min的条件下、氮气烘干60S (温度为45℃)。
锗单晶片的腐蚀量为大于15μm,最大强度小于5.632lbf,压缩位移小于0.0496in。
对比例3
超薄锗片晶向为P<100>9°偏<111>,电阻率为:0.001~0.02Ω·cm,晶片厚度为:175±15μm。
1、将超薄锗单晶片20片依次插入特氟龙卡塞,将装有锗单晶片的卡塞放入温度为32℃的溴素腐蚀液中腐蚀9秒,溴素腐蚀液由硝酸(HNO3):乙酸(CH3COOH):氢氟酸(HF):溴素(Br2)按其体积比为300:100:100:3混合而成,取出带锗单晶片的卡塞,置入装满水的溢流水盒中用水枪冲洗25秒,然后移出溢流水盒用水枪冲洗锗单晶片及其卡塞50 秒。
2、将完成腐蚀的锗单晶片连同卡塞放入45所生产的CXS-2150C型旋转甩干机,依次进行如下操作:转速为800转/min的条件下、冲水120S(水温为18℃,水压为2.5kg/cm2),转速为1800转/min的条件下、氮气吹干时间240S(温度为20℃),转速为1500转/min 的条件下、氮气烘干180S(温度为45℃),转速为800转/min的条件下、氮气烘干60S (温度为45℃)。
锗单晶片表面有腐蚀花纹,卡塞两边位置的锗单晶片表面有架子印,片与片之间厚度差超过10μm;最大强度小于6.799lbf,压缩位移小于0.0329in。
对比例4
超薄锗片晶向为P<100>9°偏<111>,电阻率为:0.001~0.02Ω·cm,晶片厚度为:175±15μm。
1、将超薄锗单晶片20片依次插入特氟龙卡塞,将装有锗单晶片的卡塞放入温度为38℃的碱性腐蚀液中腐蚀120秒,碱性腐蚀液由高纯水、氢氧化钠和H2O2按其体积比为高纯水:氢氧化钠:H2O2=2:1.:1混合而成,之后取出带锗单晶片的卡塞,置入装满水的溢流水盒中用水枪冲洗25秒,然后移出溢流水盒用水枪冲洗锗单晶片及其卡塞50秒。
2、将完成腐蚀的锗单晶片连同卡塞放入45所生产的CXS-2150C型旋转甩干机,依次进行如下操作:转速为800转/min的条件下、冲水120S(水温为18℃,水压为2.5kg/cm2),转速为1800转/min的条件下、氮气吹干时间240S(温度为20℃),转速为1500转/min 的条件下、氮气烘干180S(温度为45℃),转速为800转/min的条件下、氮气烘干60S (温度为45℃)。
锗单晶片表面有不透亮、暗斑多,片与片之间厚度差超过10μm;最大强度小于2.236 lbf,压缩位移小于0.01798in。

Claims (10)

1.一种高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,其特征在于:分两步完成腐蚀,然后甩干,具体包括如下步骤:
1)将锗单晶片插入卡塞在酸性腐蚀液1中腐蚀,酸性腐蚀液1的组成以体积比计,包括高纯水:HF:H2O2=(8-10):(0.5-1):(0.5-0.8);
2)将完成步骤1)的锗单晶片在酸性腐蚀液2中腐蚀,酸性腐蚀液2的组成以体积比计,包括高纯水:HF:H2O2=(1-2):(1-1.5):(0.05-0.1);
3)将完成步骤2)的锗单晶片连同卡塞放入甩干机甩干。
2.如权利要求1所述的高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,其特征在于:步骤1)和2)中,酸性腐蚀液1和酸性腐蚀液2,所用高纯水的电阻率均为18.2~18.3MΩ.cm,所用HF均为质量浓度为40±1%的水溶液;所用H2O2均为质量浓度为30±1%的水溶液。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,酸性腐蚀液1由体积比为9:(0.5-0.6):(0.5-0.6)的高纯水、HF和H2O2混合而成。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,酸性腐蚀液2由体积比为1.5:(1.1-1.2):(0.07-0.08)的高纯水、HF和H2O2混合而成。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,其特征在于:步骤1)为,将锗单晶片插入卡塞,在温度不高于50℃的酸性腐蚀液1中腐蚀8-10秒,取出带锗单晶片的卡塞并水枪冲洗锗单晶片20-30秒。
6.如权利要求5所述的高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,腐蚀温度为35~45℃。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,其特征在于:步骤2)为,将步骤1)水枪冲洗后的带锗单晶片的卡塞放入温度不高于50℃的酸性腐蚀液2中腐蚀25-35秒,取出带锗单晶片的卡塞,置入装满水的溢流水盒中用水枪冲洗20-30秒,然后移出溢流水盒用水枪冲洗锗单晶片及其卡塞45--90秒。
8.如权利要求7所述的高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,腐蚀温度为20~30℃。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,其特征在于:步骤3)为,将完成步骤2)的锗单晶片连同卡塞放入CXS-2150C型旋转甩干机,依次进行如下操作:转速为800±50转/min的条件下、冲水120±10S,转速为1800±50转/min的条件下、氮气吹干时间240±10S,转速为1500±50转/min的条件下、氮气烘干180±10S,转速为800±50转/min的条件下、氮气烘干60±10S。
10.如权利要求9所述的高强度高韧性超薄锗单晶片腐蚀方法,其特征在于:步骤3)中,冲水时,水温为15-20℃,水压为2.5±0.5kg/cm2;氮气吹干时间的温度为20±5℃;氮气烘干的温度为40-50℃。
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