CN115386871A - High-impact-cavitation-corrosion-resistant coating - Google Patents
High-impact-cavitation-corrosion-resistant coating Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical abrasion protection, and particularly relates to a high erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistance coating. The high erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistant coating is Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 A laser cladding coating formed by laser cladding; the Ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 The total mass of the Ti powder and the Cr powder is 20 to 100 percent of the mass of the Fe90 3 C 2 And generating a TiC hard phase in situ in the laser cladding process. The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion resistant coating of the invention, cr 3 C 2 As C source in-situ self-generation reaction, reacts with Ti powder to generate TiC hard phaseThe coating can also be supplemented with a corrosion resistance element Cr, and the obtained coating has the effects of erosion resistance, cavitation resistance and corrosion resistance, so that the service life of the hydraulic machinery flow passage component is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical abrasion protection, relates to the abrasion protection of hydraulic machinery, and further relates to a high-erosion-cavitation-corrosion-resistant coating of a flow passage component of the hydraulic machinery.
Background
For hydraulic machinery operating in a silt-laden river, the problems of failure rate increase, operation efficiency reduction, service life shortening, maintenance cost increase and the like are caused due to combined damage of cavitation erosion and silt erosion. In addition, long term underwater operation is often accompanied by corrosion problems that further exacerbate the destruction of the flow components of the hydraulic machine.
Despite numerous attempts to solve such problems, a series of results have been achieved. If the surface of the flow passage component is coated with a polyurethane high polymer coating with excellent cavitation erosion resistance, or a WC ceramic coating is prepared by adopting a thermal spraying technology, the technology slows down the damage of the flow passage component to a certain extent, and effectively prolongs the service life of the hydraulic machine. However, because the scratch resistance and the erosion resistance of the polyurethane polymer coating are poor, the bonding force between the coating and the substrate is weak, the bonding force is only about 20MPa, and the coating is easy to fall off and fail in the service process; the WC ceramic coating has good erosion resistance, but has poor cavitation erosion resistance.
The laser cladding technology has been applied to the aspect of enhancing the hardness and other properties of the metal matrix. For example, in chinese patent publication No. CN108103502B, the local hardness is improved by performing laser cladding treatment using a base metal powder and hard particle powder (TiN, tiC, tiCN, WC, siN, siC, etc.) as laser cladding powders to form a martensitic stainless steel blade. The hard ceramic phases such as carbide and nitride are added into the stainless steel powder to serve as cladding powder, and through complementation of advantages among phases, more excellent comprehensive performance can be obtained.
However, there are some drawbacks to this approach. Firstly, because the ceramic phase and the metal matrix have different physical and chemical properties and are limited by factors such as a preparation process, a reinforcing phase type and the like, an interfacial region is easy to form a thermodynamic imbalance system, so that the toughness of the material is reduced, and the cavitation erosion resistance of the material is deteriorated. In addition, the introduction of the ceramic phase dilutes the proportion of corrosion resistant elements in the original stainless steel coating, resulting in the reduction of the corrosion resistance of the coating. In a word, the hydraulic mechanical flow passage component is influenced by cavitation erosion, erosion and corrosion coupling damage, and the coupling damage mode puts higher requirements on the laser cladding technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-erosion-cavitation-corrosion-resistant coating, which can be used for overcoming the influence of cavitation erosion, erosion and corrosion coupling damage on a hydraulic machine due to long-term operation in a water environment on the basis of improving the erosion resistance of the coating without reducing the cavitation erosion resistance and the corrosion resistance of the coating.
In order to achieve the purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-impact-cavitation-corrosion-resistant coating is prepared from Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 A laser cladding coating formed by laser cladding; the Ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 The total mass of the Ti powder and the Cr powder is 20 to 100 percent of the mass of the Fe90 3 C 2 And generating a TiC hard phase in situ in the laser cladding process.
The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion resistant coating of the invention, cr 3 C 2 The Ti powder is used as a C source in the in-situ self-generating reaction, and when the Ti powder reacts to generate a TiC hard phase, a corrosion resistant element Cr can be supplemented into the coating, so that the obtained coating has the effects of erosion resistance, cavitation resistance and corrosion resistance, and the service life of the flow passage component of the hydraulic machine is prolonged.
Preferably, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 0.5 to 0.55.
Preferably, the Fe90 consists of the following components in mass fraction: c:0.13 to 0.16wt%, cr:12 to 14wt%, si: 1.2-1.4 wt%, B: 1.55-1.65 wt%; the balance being iron.
The laser cladding comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing Fe90 powder, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 Ball-milling and mixing the powder to obtain cladding powder;
(2) And after the matrix is pretreated, carrying out laser cladding in a protective atmosphere.
Ti powder and Cr under the action of laser high temperature 3 C 2 Reacting to generate TiC hard particles to form an in-situ self-generated coating; the raw material source is wide, the preparation process is simple, the modification cost of the hydraulic machine is low, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial popularization and application.
Preferably, in the step (1), the particle size of the Fe90 powder is 15 to 100 μm, and Cr 3 C 2 The grain diameter of the powder is 15-100 mu m, and the grain diameter of the Ti powder is 15-100 mu m.
Preferably, in the step (1), drying is carried out for 0.5 to 3.0 hours at the temperature of between 100 and 120 ℃ after ball milling and mixing. The dried cladding powder can increase the fluidity, thereby further improving the powder feeding effect and the laser cladding effect.
Preferably, in the step (2), the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1.6-2.4 kW, the scanning speed is 3.6-4.8 m/min, the powder feeding speed is 30-40 g/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the number of cladding layers is 2-5. The cladding process adopts argon protection, and the optimized cladding process parameters are adopted, so that the composite coating without defects such as air holes, cracks and the like can be obtained, and the coating and the matrix are metallurgically bonded.
Preferably, in the step (2), the substrate is a hydraulic mechanical flow-through component, and the pretreatment comprises removing oil stains and scale on the surface. The fiber laser is adopted to clad on the surface of the pretreated hydraulic mechanical flow passage component, so that the combination effect of the laser cladding layer and the matrix can be further optimized, and the better realization of the erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistance function of the laser cladding layer is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the microscopic morphology of the uniformly dispersed cladding powder in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process view of the corresponding steps in the preparation of erosion-cavitation-corrosion resistant coating according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a sample to be clad and (b) is the effect of the sample after surface treatment, wherein the surface treatment needs to completely remove oil stains and oxide scale until the metallic luster surface is exposed, and impurities which deteriorate the coating performance are prevented from being generated at the interface under the heating of laser; (c) For the effect after laser cladding, (Ti + Cr) 3 C 2 ) The contents of (A) are 20%,40%,60%,80% and 100% in sequence;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a microstructure of a cross section of a cladding coating in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the difference of Ti + Cr in the present invention 3 C 2 The results of the coating erosion and cavitation weight loss of the added amount;
FIG. 5 shows the difference Ti + Cr in the present invention 3 C 2 Additive amount of coating electrochemical profile.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-erosion-resistance cavitation-corrosion-resistance coating, which belongs to a laser cladding in-situ self-generating coating, and aims to solve the problem that a hydraulic machine works in a water environment for a long time and is influenced by cavitation erosion, erosion and corrosion coupling damage.
The preparation method of the high-impact-cavitation-corrosion-resistant coating comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing cladding powder, namely taking Fe90 semi-martensitic stainless steel powder as base powder, and adding Ti powder and Cr powder in a predetermined ratio 3 C 2 Mechanically mixing the components evenly in a vacuum ball mill, and drying the components in a drying box for later use;
step two: treating a base surface, namely treating the base surface to be clad by using an angle grinder or a sand blasting machine to remove oil stains and iron scales on the surface;
step three: and (3) laser cladding, namely cladding the powder in the step one by adopting a high-speed laser cladding system in a coaxial powder feeding mode under the argon protection atmosphere.
Further, in the step one, the ball milling time of the vacuum ball mill is 20-60 min, the drying temperature of the drying oven is 100-120 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-3.0 h. Preferably, the drying temperature is 110-120 ℃, and the drying time is 1.0-2.0 h.
Further, the flow of argon protected by argon in the step two is 10-20L/min.
Further, the laser cladding process parameters in the third step are as follows:
the laser power is 1.6-2.4 kW, the scanning speed is 3.6-4.8 m/min, the powder feeding speed is 30-40 g/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the number of cladding layers is 4-5.
The high erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistant coating prepared by the method has the following advantages:
(1) Because the coating is prepared by adopting an in-situ self-generation method, namely, ti element and Cr element 3 C 2 The TiC reinforcing phase is directly synthesized by reaction at high temperature, the compatibility between the matrix and the reinforcing phase is better, and the TiC reinforcing phase has high toughness, so the cavitation erosion resistance is excellent, and the dispersed and distributed fine TiC phase can play a role in reinforcing the matrix, such as when Ti powder and Cr are used 3 C 2 When the total adding amount of the TiC hard phase is 60 percent of that of the Fe90 powder, the erosion weight loss of the coating is 0.64g which is far less than 1.29g of that of a pure Fe90 coating, so that the generation of the TiC hard phase can obviously improve the erosion resistance of the coating.
(2)Cr 3 C 2 As a C source in the in-situ self-generation reaction, the Ti powder reacts to generate a TiC hard phase, and simultaneously, a corrosion resistance element Cr can be supplemented into the coating, which is beneficial to improving the corrosion resistance of the coating.
The following describes the practice of the present invention in detail with reference to specific examples. In the following examples, the raw materials used in the examples are all commercially available conventional ones unless otherwise specified. Wherein the particle size of the Fe90 powder is 15-100 μm, and the weight percentages of the components are as follows: c:0.13 to 0.16wt%, cr:12 to 14wt%, si: 1.2-1.4 wt%, B: 1.55-1.65 wt%; the balance being iron.
The granularity of Ti powder is 15-100 μm, and the purity is not less than 99.9%.
Cr 3 C 2 The granularity of the powder is 15-100 mu m, and the purity is not less than 99.9%.
1. Specific examples of highly erosion-cavitation-Corrosion coatings of the invention
Example 1
The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion-resistant coating of the present example was prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing Fe90 powder, ti powder and Cr powder 3 C 2 The powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: cr (chromium) component 3 C 2 =15:1:2, and putting the mixture into a vacuum ball mill for grinding for 1 hour to obtain mixed powder. And (3) putting the mixed powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment to increase the fluidity of the powder, wherein the drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 2h.
(2) And (3) treating the surface of the 45 steel substrate to be clad, and removing oil stains, oxide scales and the like on the surface until the surface with metallic luster is exposed.
(3) And putting the prepared powder into a powder feeder, and performing laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber type high-speed laser cladding system in an argon protective atmosphere and an argon flow of 20L/min in a coaxial powder feeding manner. The laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 4.8m/min, the lap joint rate is 50 percent, the powder feeding speed is 40g/min, and the number of cladding layers is 4, so that the high erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistant coating is obtained.
The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion resistant coating of this example was Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 A laser cladding coating formed by laser cladding; ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 Is 20% of the total mass of Fe90, cr 3 C 2 The mass ratio of Ti was 0.5.Ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 And generating a TiC hard phase in situ in the laser cladding process.
Example 2
The high erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistant coating of the embodiment is prepared by a method comprising the following steps of:
(1) Mixing Fe90 powder, ti powder and Cr powder 3 C 2 The powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: cr 3 C 2 =15:2:4, grinding the mixture in a vacuum ball mill for 1 hour, fully mixing the mixture evenly, and then putting the mixture in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment to increase the fluidity of the powder, wherein the drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours.
(2) And (3) treating the surface of the 45 steel substrate to be clad, and removing oil stains, oxide scales and the like on the surface until the surface with metallic luster is exposed.
(3) And putting the prepared powder into a powder feeder, and performing laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber type high-speed laser cladding system in an argon protective atmosphere and an argon flow of 20L/min in a coaxial powder feeding manner. The laser power is 2400W, the scanning speed is 3.6m/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding speed is 36g/min, and the number of cladding layers is 4, so that the high erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistant coating is obtained.
The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion resistant coating of this example was Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 A laser cladding coating formed by laser cladding; ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 40% of the total mass of Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 0.5.Ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 And in the laser cladding process, a TiC hard phase is generated in situ.
Example 3
The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion-resistant coating of the present example was prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing Fe90 powder, ti powder and Cr powder 3 C 2 The powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: cr (chromium) component 3 C 2 =5:1:2, putting the mixture into a vacuum ball mill for grinding for 1h, fully and uniformly mixing the mixture, and putting the mixture into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment to increase the flowability of the powder, wherein the drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 2h.
(2) And (3) treating the surface of the 45 steel substrate to be clad, and removing oil stains, oxide skin and the like on the surface until the surface with metal luster is exposed.
(3) And putting the prepared powder into a powder feeder, and performing laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber type high-speed laser cladding system in an argon protective atmosphere and an argon flow of 14L/min in a coaxial powder feeding manner. The laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 4.2m/min, the lap joint rate is 50 percent, the powder feeding speed is 30g/min, and the number of cladding layers is 5, so that the high-impact-erosion-cavitation-erosion-corrosion coating is obtained.
The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion resistant coating of the embodiment is Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 By laser meltingCoating the formed laser cladding coating; ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 The total mass of (B) is 60% of the mass of Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 0.5.Ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 And generating a TiC hard phase in situ in the laser cladding process.
Example 4
The high erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistant coating of the embodiment is prepared by a method comprising the following steps of:
(1) Mixing Fe90 powder, ti and Cr 3 C 2 The powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: cr (chromium) component 3 C 2 =15:4:8, putting the mixture into a vacuum ball mill for grinding for 1h, fully and uniformly mixing the mixture, and putting the mixture into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment to increase the flowability of the powder, wherein the drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 2h.
(2) And (3) treating the surface of the 45 steel substrate to be clad, and removing oil stains, oxide scales and the like on the surface until the surface with metallic luster is exposed.
(3) And putting the prepared powder into a powder feeder, adopting an optical fiber type high-speed laser cladding system, and carrying out laser cladding by adopting a coaxial powder feeding mode under the argon protection atmosphere and argon flow of 15L/min. The laser power is 2200W, the scanning speed is 4.2m/min, the lap joint rate is 50 percent, the powder feeding speed is 40g/min, and the number of cladding layers is 4, so that the high erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistant coating is obtained.
The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion resistant coating of this example was Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 A laser cladding coating formed by laser cladding; ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 The total mass of (B) is 80% of the mass of Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 The mass ratio of (2) is 0.5.Ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 And in the laser cladding process, a TiC hard phase is generated in situ.
Example 5
The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion-resistant coating of the present example was prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing Fe90 powder, ti powder and Cr powder 3 C 2 The powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: cr (chromium) component 3 C 2 =3:1:2 proportional weighingAnd grinding the mixture in a vacuum ball mill for 1 hour, fully mixing the mixture evenly, and then putting the mixture in a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment to increase the flowability of the powder, wherein the drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours.
(2) And (3) treating the surface of the 45 steel substrate to be clad, and removing oil stains and oxide skin on the surface until the surface with metallic luster is exposed.
(3) And putting the prepared powder into a powder feeder, and performing laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber type high-speed laser cladding system in an argon protective atmosphere and an argon flow of 20L/min in a coaxial powder feeding manner. The laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 4.8m/min, the lap joint rate is 50 percent, the powder feeding speed is 40g/min, and the number of cladding layers is 4, so that the high erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistant coating is obtained.
The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion resistant coating of the embodiment is Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 A laser cladding coating formed by laser cladding; ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 The total mass of (B) is 100% of the mass of Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 The mass ratio of (2) is 0.5.Ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 And generating a TiC hard phase in situ in the laser cladding process.
2. Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The laser cladding coating of the comparative example is prepared by the following steps:
(1) And (3) putting the pure Fe90 powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment to increase the flowability of the powder, wherein the drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 1h.
(2) And treating the surface of the matrix to be clad until the metallic luster surface is exposed, and removing oil stains, oxide scales and the like on the surface.
(3) And putting the prepared powder into a powder feeder, adopting an optical fiber type high-speed laser cladding system, and carrying out laser cladding by adopting a coaxial powder feeding mode under the argon protection atmosphere and argon flow of 15L/min. The laser power is 2000W, the scanning speed is 4.2m/min, the lap joint rate is 50 percent, the powder feeding speed is 35g/min, and the number of cladding layers is 4, so that the high erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistant coating is obtained.
Comparative examples 2 to 5
According to the laser cladding coatings of comparative examples 2-5, fe90 powder, ti powder and C powder are selected, and the mass percentages of the Fe90 powder, the Ti powder and the C powder are respectively Fe90: ti: c = (60.
3. Examples of the experiments
Experimental example 1 cladding Process analysis
This experimental example illustrates the preparation of the high erosion-cavitation-corrosion resistant coating of the examples.
Fig. 1 shows the microscopic morphology of the cladding powder after being fully and uniformly mixed by a vacuum ball mill, wherein 3 kinds of powder are mechanically and uniformly mixed, and the particle size is between 20 and 100 mu m.
Fig. 2 shows the sample morphology change before and after cladding, wherein (a) is the sample to be clad, and (b) is the sample surface treatment effect, the surface treatment needs to completely remove oil stains and oxide scale until the metallic luster surface is exposed, and impurities which deteriorate the coating performance are prevented from being generated at the interface under the heating of laser; (c) For the effect after laser cladding, (Ti + Cr) 3 C 2 ) The content of (A) is 20%,40%,60%,80% and 100% from left to right and from top to bottom in sequence. As can be seen, the 6 cladding coatings have good overall quality and have no defects of cracks, air holes, inclusions and the like. As can be seen, the 6 cladding coatings have good overall quality and have no defects of cracks, air holes, inclusions and the like.
The sample prepared in example 1 is cut along the vertical cladding direction by a cutting machine, the cross section is polished, polished and corroded by 400-mesh, 800-mesh, 1200-mesh and 2000-mesh sand paper in sequence (the corrosion solution selects 4% nitric acid and 96% absolute ethyl alcohol by mass fraction), and then the cross section morphology of the sample is observed by a metallographic microscope, which is shown in figure 3, wherein the lower left part is a cladding coating, and the upper left part is a substrate. The coating can be seen to bond well with the substrate, which is a metallurgical bond.
Experimental example 2 erosion and cavitation test
The laser cladding coatings obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 of the invention were subjected to erosion and cavitation erosion performance tests. The erosion instrument adopts a high-speed sand-adding jet flow erosion and abrasion instrument, and the test conditions are as follows: 200kg/m 3 Flow rate: 30m/s, angle of abrasion: 90 DEG, punching and grinding time: 10min; the cavitation erosion experimental apparatus is an XOQS-2500 series intelligent temperature control ultrasonic material cavitation testing machine, and the test conditions are as follows: power 1200W, ultrasonic frequency: 20KHz, ultrasonic time: and (5) 72h. The results of the erosion and cavitation experiments are shown in figure 4.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the erosion weight loss of the pure Fe90 cladding coating is 1.29g, the cavitation weight loss is 0.73g, and Ti powder and Cr powder are added 3 C 2 Then, the erosion weight loss is rapidly reduced, and the cavitation weight loss is slightly increased. Namely, the coating of the invention can obviously improve the erosion resistance of the coating on the premise of not seriously influencing the cavitation erosion resistance of the Fe90 coating.
Experimental example 3 Corrosion resistance experiment
The corrosion test instrument selects a CS350 electrochemical workstation, ag/AgCl (saturated KCl) is used as a reference electrode, and a platinum net is used as an auxiliary electrode. The corrosion medium is 1mol/L NaCl solution. The electrochemical curve obtained is shown in FIG. 5.
As can be seen from the graph, the shapes of the polarization curves measured by different samples are basically similar, which indicates that the corrosion reactions occur in the polarization curves in the different samples, and the self-corrosion potential of the coating can be obtained according to the graph, along with the Ti powder and the Cr powder 3 C 2 The addition amount is increased, the self-corrosion potential is slightly increased, and the corrosion resistance is improved.
For the laser cladding coating layers of comparative examples 1 to 5, the corrosion resistance of the coating layers was tested by using the above experimental conditions, the self-corrosion current density and the self-corrosion potential were obtained by Tafel curve extrapolation, and the results were compared with the self-corrosion potentials of the coating layers of examples 1 to 5, and are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 self-corrosion potential and self-corrosion current density for each coating
As can be seen from table 1, the self-corrosion potentials obtained in the respective comparative examples are lower than those of the examples, and the self-corrosion current densities are higher than those of the examples, which shows that the corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating of the comparative example is inferior to that of the examples.
Claims (8)
1. The high-erosion-cavitation-corrosion-resistance coating is characterized by comprising Fe90, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 A laser cladding coating formed by laser cladding; the Ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 The total mass of the Ti powder and the Cr powder is 20 to 100 percent of the mass of the Fe90 3 C 2 And generating a TiC hard phase in situ in the laser cladding process.
2. The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion-resistance coating of claim 1, wherein the Ti powder and Cr powder 3 C 2 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 0.5 to 0.55.
3. The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion resistant coating of claim 1 or 2, wherein Fe90 consists of the following components in mass fractions: c: 0.13-0.16 wt%, cr:12 to 14wt%, si: 1.2-1.4 wt%, B: 1.55-1.65 wt%; the balance being iron.
4. The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion-resistant coating of claim 1, wherein the laser cladding comprises the steps of:
(1) Mixing Fe90 powder, ti powder and Cr 3 C 2 Ball-milling and mixing the powder to obtain cladding powder;
(2) And after the matrix is pretreated, carrying out laser cladding in a protective atmosphere.
5. The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion-resistance coating according to claim 4, wherein in step (1), the grain size of the Fe90 powder is 15 to 100 μm, and Cr is 3 C 2 The grain diameter of the powder is 15-100 mu m, and the grain diameter of the Ti powder is 15-100 mu m.
6. The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion-resistance coating according to claim 4, wherein in step (1), the mixture is dried at 100 to 120 ℃ for 0.5 to 3.0 hours after ball milling and mixing.
7. The high erosion-cavitation erosion-corrosion resistant coating as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1.6-2.4 kW, the scanning speed is 3.6-4.8 m/min, the powder feeding speed is 30-40 g/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the number of cladding layers is 2-5.
8. The high erosion-cavitation-corrosion-resistance coating of any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein in step (2), the substrate is a hydraulic mechanical flow-through component, and the pre-treatment comprises removing oil stains and scale from the surface.
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