CN115384060A - 3D printing device based on light spot quality detector and light spot quality detection method - Google Patents
3D printing device based on light spot quality detector and light spot quality detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115384060A CN115384060A CN202211129666.8A CN202211129666A CN115384060A CN 115384060 A CN115384060 A CN 115384060A CN 202211129666 A CN202211129666 A CN 202211129666A CN 115384060 A CN115384060 A CN 115384060A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
- B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing device based on a light spot quality detector and a light spot quality detection method, belonging to the technical field of 3D printers, wherein the 3D printing device comprises a printing mechanism and a light spot quality detection mechanism, wherein the printing mechanism comprises a laser fiber head, a collimating mirror, a focusing unit, a galvanometer and a printing working surface; the light spot quality detection mechanism comprises a convex lens group, a concave lens group and an image sensor; the laser spot quality detection mechanism moves to a light path between the galvanometer and the printing working surface when detecting the laser spot quality, and the direction of a connecting line of the central axes of the convex lens group, the concave lens group and the image sensor is the same as the propagation direction of a laser beam between the galvanometer and the printing working surface. The detection mechanism of the invention directly images to the image sensor once during detection, the size is reduced, the aberration is mutually offset due to the combined design of the light spot quality detection mechanism and the light path system of the printing mechanism, the imaging effect is better, and the light spot quality analysis is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printers, and particularly relates to a 3D printing device based on a light spot quality detector and a light spot quality detection method.
Background
Laser 3D prints and uses a laser, after the mirror module that shakes reflects, carries out the mode that the pattern scanned and printed layer by layer on the print work face. According to different printing materials, there are several types such as SLA, SLS, SLM, etc. The printing quality of laser 3D printing is highly dependent on the quality of the light spot, and in SLM printing, the beam quality M2 of the laser is usually required to be less than 1.1 in order to obtain a relatively ideal printing effect. In an actual optical path system, the processing precision of various lenses and the installation precision of the lenses can affect the quality of light beams at a printing working surface. Therefore, in some high-precision SLM devices of foreign manufacturers, the laser beam quality M2 at the printing working surface is usually less than 1.1 as a standard, and the beam quality still needs to have a relatively high level after errors of the laser itself and all devices of the optical path system are included, which is also the reason why they can be advantageous in the high-end printing field.
The printing equipment has good light beam quality at a printing working surface, and besides the requirement on raw materials such as lasers and lenses of the whole equipment is high enough, the optical path system also needs to achieve very high installation precision. For the test mode of the installation accuracy, the laser spot quality at the printing working face can be measured.
There are many instruments for measuring laser spot M2 on the market today, which are used to measure the beam quality at the fiber outlet of fiber laser, as shown in fig. 1; there are also some instruments that can also be used to measure beam quality at the working surface for 3D printing, as shown in fig. 2. The method is characterized in that the optical principle is the same whether the beam quality of the light outlet of the optical fiber laser is measured or the beam quality of the working surface is measured, an imaging light spot on the end face of the light outlet of the optical fiber or the printing working surface is imaged in real, a microscope objective is used for amplifying the real image to enable the real image to be imaged on a CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) of the optical sensor, and then the CMOS is used for carrying out energy distribution on the light spot and analyzing a beam M2. Both the two types of light paths use the microscope objective to image the real-image light spots, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the light path of the type needs two imaging points, besides the light spot real image, a real image at an image sensor is also arranged, and the structure of the light path system is complex and the size is large; as shown in FIG. 3, the conjugate distance of the standard microscope objective is 195mm, and the whole width of the detection equipment module needs more than 300 mm. For 3D printers, especially small-sized 3D printers, for example 250 x 250mm format printers, the working chamber size is about 400mm, and if existing equipment is used to detect the beam quality at the printing surface, the situation may occur that the working chamber is too large to be used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 3D printing device based on a light spot quality detector and a light spot quality detection method, and aims to solve the problems that an existing instrument for measuring the quality of laser light spots is complex in structure and large in size.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a 3D printing device based on a facula quality detector, which comprises a printing mechanism, wherein the printing mechanism comprises a laser fiber head for emitting laser beams, a collimating mirror for adjusting the laser beams into parallel beams, a focusing unit for adjusting the diameter of the beams, a vibrating mirror for reflecting the laser beams to a printing working surface and the printing working surface for imaging; the device also comprises a light spot quality detection mechanism, wherein the light spot quality detection mechanism comprises an objective lens group used for focusing the laser beams, an eyepiece lens group used for diffusing the laser beams and an image sensor used for detecting the quality of the laser light spots; the laser spot quality detection mechanism moves into a light path between the vibrating mirror and the printing working surface when detecting the quality of the laser spots, and the direction of a connecting line of central axes of the objective lens group, the eyepiece lens group and the image sensor is the same as the propagation direction of a laser beam between the vibrating mirror and the printing working surface; and removing the laser spot from the optical path between the galvanometer and the printing working surface after detecting the quality of the laser spot.
Preferably, the objective lens group comprises at least one convex lens; the eyepiece group comprises at least one concave lens.
Preferably, the objective lens group comprises three convex lens lenses with different specifications, which are sequentially arranged side by side from top to bottom, and the eyepiece lens group comprises three concave lens lenses with different specifications, which are sequentially arranged side by side from top to bottom.
Preferably, the focusing unit is a focusing mirror, and the focusing mirror is arranged between the collimating mirror and the vibrating mirror.
Preferably, the focusing unit is an FTheta field lens, and the FTheta field lens is arranged between the galvanometer and the printing working surface.
Preferably, the printing mechanism is provided with a plurality of laser fiber heads, each laser fiber head is independently provided with a collimating lens, a focusing unit and a vibrating lens, and a light spot quality detection mechanism is arranged below each group of vibrating lenses.
The invention relates to a light spot quality detection method of a 3D printing device based on a light spot quality detector, which is characterized in that: when the laser spot quality needs to be detected, the spot quality detection mechanism is moved into a light path between the galvanometer and the printing working surface, the distance between the objective lens group and the eyepiece lens group is adjusted, the laser beam is focused into the eyepiece lens group through the objective lens group, and then the laser beam is diffused through the eyepiece lens group, so that the laser beam is imaged on the image sensor, and the quality of the laser beam is detected through the image sensor; and after the laser spot quality detection is finished, removing the spot quality detection mechanism from the light path between the galvanometer and the printing working surface.
Preferably, when the NA value of the laser beam converged by the focusing unit is less than 0.001, the objective lens group includes a convex lens, and the eyepiece lens group includes a concave lens; when the NA value of the laser beam converged by the focusing unit is between 0.01 and 0.03, the objective lens group comprises two convex lenses with the same specification, and the eyepiece lens group comprises two concave lenses with the same specification; when the NA value of the laser beam converged by the focusing unit is between 0.03 and 0.05, the objective lens group comprises three convex lenses with the same specification, and the eyepiece lens group comprises three concave lenses with the same specification.
Preferably, when the NA value of the laser beam converged by the focusing unit is greater than 0.05, the objective lens group comprises three convex lenses with different specifications which are arranged side by side in sequence from top to bottom; the eyepiece group comprises three concave lenses with different specifications, which are sequentially arranged side by side from top to bottom.
The NA value refers to the sine value of the half angle of the included angle of the light beam.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the 3D printing device based on the facula quality detector is provided with a facula quality detection mechanism in a printing mechanism, the facula quality detection mechanism moves to a light path between a vibrating mirror and a printing working surface when detecting the laser facula quality, the direction of a connecting line of central axes of an objective lens group, an eyepiece lens group and an image sensor in the facula quality detection mechanism is the same as the propagation direction of laser beams between the vibrating mirror and the printing working surface, a light path system does not perform secondary imaging on a facula real image, but directly images the facula real image to the image sensor once, the size of detection equipment is greatly reduced, the detection equipment can be used in working cavities of all 3D printing equipment, and the size of the 3D printing equipment is reduced.
2. The 3D printing device based on the facula quality detector can jointly design the facula quality detection mechanism and the optical path system of the printing mechanism in time, namely the facula quality detection mechanism is directly coupled with the printing mechanism, and the optical path system of any one printing mechanism has aberration, so that the optical difference of the detection optical path of the facula quality detection mechanism and the aberration of the optical path system of the printing mechanism can be mutually offset by the joint design, thereby achieving better imaging result than that of using a microscope objective and more accurately analyzing the facula quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art optical path diagram for measuring the quality of a laser fiber end-face beam;
FIG. 2 is a prior art optical path diagram for measuring beam quality at a print work surface;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a comparison between the width of a detection mechanism and the width of a printing working chamber in the prior art of beam quality detection;
FIG. 4 is an optical path diagram of the 3D printing device based on the light spot quality detector in the light spot detection in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 5 is an optical path diagram of the 3D printing device based on the light spot quality detector in the light spot detection in the embodiment 2;
FIG. 6 is a structural view of a light spot quality detecting mechanism in examples 1 and 2;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of imaging analysis of spots in examples 1 and 2;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the mass M of spots in examples 1 and 2;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view comparing widths of a light spot detecting mechanism and a print working chamber in examples 1 and 2;
FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of a light spot detection mechanism in example 3.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram comparing the widths of the spot detection mechanism and the printing work chamber of the multi-laser 3D printing apparatus in embodiment 4.
Description of the labeling: 1-printing mechanism, 11-laser fiber head, 12-collimating mirror, 13-focusing unit, 14-vibrating mirror, 15-printing working surface, 2-light spot quality detection mechanism, 21-objective lens group, 22-eyepiece lens group and 23-image sensor.
Detailed Description
For further understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, which are provided for illustration of the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 4 and 6, the 3D printing apparatus based on the flare quality detector according to the present embodiment includes a printing mechanism 1 and a flare quality detection mechanism 2. The printing mechanism comprises a laser fiber head 11 for emitting laser beams, a collimating lens 12 for adjusting the laser beams into parallel beams, a vibrating lens 14 for reflecting the laser beams to a printing working surface, a focusing unit 13 for adjusting the diameter of the beams, and a printing working surface 15 for imaging, wherein the focusing unit 13 is an FTheta field lens, and the FTheta field lens is arranged between the vibrating lens and the printing working surface; the light spot quality detection mechanism 2 comprises an objective lens group 21 for focusing laser beams, an eyepiece group 22 for diffusing the laser beams and an image sensor 23 for detecting the quality of the laser light spots; facula quality detection mechanism 2 and printing mechanism 1's optical path system joint design, facula quality detection mechanism 2 and printing mechanism 1 direct coupling promptly, objective group 21 includes at least one convex lens, eyepiece group 22 includes at least one concave lens, the specific quantity of convex lens and concave lens is confirmed according to the contained angle that laser beam focused back laser beam and assembled through focusing unit 13, the contained angle that assembles is big more, it overcomes the aberration to use more convex lens and concave lens, make facula quality detection mechanism 2's the light difference of detection light path and printing mechanism's optical path system's aberration offset each other, reach than using the better imaging result of microscope objective, the basis of confirming of the convex lens in objective group 21 and the concave lens quantity in the eyepiece group 22 is: when the NA value of the laser beam converged by the focusing unit is less than 0.001, the objective lens group comprises a convex lens, and the eyepiece lens group comprises a concave lens; when the NA value of the laser beam converged by the focusing unit is between 0.01 and 0.03, the objective lens group comprises two convex lenses with the same specification, and the eyepiece lens group comprises two concave lenses with the same specification; when the NA value of the laser beam converged by the focusing unit is between 0.03 and 0.05, the objective lens group comprises three convex lenses with the same specification, the eyepiece lens group comprises three concave lenses with the same specification, and the NA value of the converged beam refers to the sine value of the half angle of the included angle of the beam.
The light spot quality detection mechanism 2 moves to a light path between the vibrating mirror 14 and the printing working surface 15 when detecting the quality of the laser light spots, and the direction of a connecting line of central axes of the objective lens group 21, the eyepiece lens group 22 and the image sensor 23 is the same as the propagation direction of laser beams between the vibrating mirror 14 and the printing working surface 15; the spot quality detection mechanism 2 is removed from the optical path of the printing mechanism 1 after detecting the laser spot quality.
When the light spot quality detection is required, the light spot quality detection mechanism 2 is moved into the light path between the vibrating mirror 14 and the printing working surface 15, the objective lens group 21, the eyepiece lens group 22 and the image sensor 23 are of an integrated structure, the image sensor 23 is flatly placed on the printing working surface 15, the central axes of the objective lens group 21, the eyepiece lens group 22 and the image sensor 23 are overlapped with the central axis of the laser beam between the vibrating mirror 14 and the printing working surface 15, after the distance between the objective lens group 21 and the eyepiece lens group 22 is finely adjusted, the objective lens group 21 focuses the laser beam into the eyepiece lens group, the eyepiece lens group 22 diffuses the laser beam, the laser beam is imaged on the image sensor, the quality of the laser beam is detected through the image sensor 23, and the quality detection result of the laser beam by the image sensor 23 is shown in fig. 7 and 8. When the laser spot quality detection is completed, the spot quality detection mechanism 2 is removed from the optical path between the galvanometer 14 and the print work surface 15.
Referring to fig. 9, the above solution is greatly reduced in size due to one-time imaging, and the imaging optical path of the spot quality detection mechanism 2 is vertical, so that the occupied area in the working chamber is smaller. According to the exemplary optical path in this case, the overall size of the detection module is about 50 × 150mm in length, width and height, and the footprint of the print surface is only 50 × 50mm, which can be used for various sizes of working chambers.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment is different from the 3D printing apparatus based on the speckle quality detector in embodiment 1 only in that: the focusing unit 13 in the printing mechanism 1 of the present embodiment is a focusing lens, and the focusing lens is disposed between the collimator lens 12 and the galvanometer lens 14. The structure, the matching mode with the printing mechanism 1, the working principle and the detection method of the light spot quality detection mechanism in the embodiment are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted in this embodiment.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that: in this embodiment, after the laser beam passes through the focusing unit, the NA value of the laser beam is 0.2, which is greater than 0.05 in embodiment 1, the objective lens group 21 with multiple stacked convex lenses and the eyepiece lens group 22 with multiple stacked concave lenses can not overcome the aberration, in this case, the numerical aperture is large, the aberration needs to be overcome by performing precise optical design on the lens shape, as shown in fig. 10, the objective lens group 21 of the light spot quality detection mechanism 2 in this embodiment includes three convex lenses with different specifications in sequence from top to bottom, and the eyepiece lens group 22 includes three concave lenses with different specifications in sequence from top to bottom.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 11, compared with embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the embodiment implements 3D printing by using multiple laser beams to scan in parallel, therefore, the printing mechanism 1 of this embodiment is provided with multiple laser fiber heads 11, each laser fiber head 11 is separately provided with a collimator lens 12, a focusing unit 13 and a galvanometer 14, and a spot quality detection mechanism 2 is provided below each galvanometer 14. Because the imaging light path of the light spot quality detection mechanism 2 is in the vertical direction, the width of the working cavity cannot be influenced by setting more printing light paths.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a 3D printing device based on facula quality detector, its includes printing mechanism, and printing mechanism is including the laser fiber head that is used for launching laser beam, the collimating mirror that is used for adjusting laser beam to parallel beam, the focusing unit that is used for adjusting beam diameter, be used for with laser beam reflection to the printing working face shake the mirror and be used for the printing working face of formation of image, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a light spot quality detection mechanism, wherein the light spot quality detection mechanism comprises an objective lens group used for focusing the laser beams, an eyepiece lens group used for diffusing the laser beams and an image sensor used for detecting the quality of the laser light spots; the laser spot quality detection mechanism moves into a light path between the vibrating mirror and the printing working surface when detecting the quality of the laser spot, and the direction of a connecting line of central axes of the objective lens group, the eyepiece lens group and the image sensor is the same as the propagation direction of a laser beam between the vibrating mirror and the printing working surface; and removing the laser spot from the light path between the galvanometer and the printing working surface after detecting the mass of the laser spot.
2. The 3D printing device based on the facula quality detector of claim 1, characterized in that: the objective lens group comprises at least one convex lens; the eyepiece group comprises at least one concave lens.
3. The 3D printing device based on the facula quality detector of claim 1, characterized in that: the objective lens group comprises three convex lenses with different specifications, which are sequentially arranged side by side from top to bottom; the eyepiece group comprises three concave lenses with different specifications, which are sequentially arranged side by side from top to bottom.
4. The 3D printing device based on the facula quality detector of claim 1, characterized in that: the focusing unit is a focusing lens which is arranged between the collimating lens and the vibrating lens.
5. The 3D printing device based on the facula quality detector of claim 1, characterized in that: the focusing unit is an FTheta field lens, and the FTheta field lens is arranged between the galvanometer and the printing working surface.
6. The 3D printing device based on the facula quality detector of claim 1, characterized in that: the printing mechanism is provided with a plurality of laser fiber heads, each laser fiber head is independently provided with a collimating lens, a focusing unit and a vibrating lens, and a light spot quality detection mechanism is arranged below each vibrating lens.
7. The method for detecting the light spot quality of the 3D printing device based on the light spot quality detector is characterized in that: when the laser spot quality needs to be detected, the spot quality detection mechanism is moved into a light path between the galvanometer and the printing working surface, the distance between the objective lens group and the eyepiece lens group is adjusted, the laser beam is focused into the eyepiece lens group through the objective lens group, and then the laser beam is diffused through the eyepiece lens group, so that the laser beam is imaged on the image sensor, and the quality of the laser beam is detected through the image sensor; and after the laser spot quality detection is finished, removing the spot quality detection mechanism from the light path between the galvanometer and the printing working surface.
8. The method for detecting the quality of the light spot of the 3D printing device based on the light spot quality detector according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the NA value of the laser beam converged by the focusing unit is less than 0.001, the objective lens group comprises a convex lens, and the eyepiece lens group comprises a concave lens; when the NA value of the laser beam converged by the focusing unit is between 0.01 and 0.03, the objective lens group comprises two convex lenses with the same specification, and the eyepiece lens group comprises two concave lenses with the same specification; when the NA value of the laser beam converged by the focusing unit is between 0.03 and 0.05, the objective lens group comprises three convex lenses with the same specification, and the eyepiece lens group comprises three concave lenses with the same specification.
9. The method for detecting the quality of the light spot of the 3D printing device based on the light spot quality detector according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the NA value of the laser beam converged by the focusing unit is greater than 0.05, the objective lens group comprises three convex lenses with different specifications which are sequentially arranged side by side from top to bottom; the eyepiece group comprises three concave lenses with different specifications, which are sequentially arranged side by side from top to bottom.
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| CN202211129666.8A CN115384060A (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | 3D printing device based on light spot quality detector and light spot quality detection method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117103684A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-11-24 | 爱司凯科技股份有限公司 | Scanning system for reducing inertia of vibrating mirror with long working distance |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117103684A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-11-24 | 爱司凯科技股份有限公司 | Scanning system for reducing inertia of vibrating mirror with long working distance |
| CN117103684B (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-05-03 | 爱司凯科技股份有限公司 | Scanning system for reducing inertia of vibrating mirror with long working distance |
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