CN115382897A

CN115382897A - Method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs

Info

Publication number: CN115382897A
Application number: CN202210805994.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张满云; 王安岽; 邹冬生; 郭涛; 周帑荣; 王炎
Original assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-07-08
Filing date: 2022-07-08
Publication date: 2022-11-25

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs, which comprises the steps of uniformly stirring mushroom dreg particles and mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar, adding the mixture into soil, and planting restoration plants; the preparation method of the fungus dreg pyrolysis biochar comprises the following steps: adding the bacteria residue particles into a closed container, introducing nitrogen, heating to 450-550 ℃, maintaining for 1.5-2.5 h, cooling to room temperature after heating to obtain bacteria residue pyrolytic biochar, taking out the bacteria residue pyrolytic biochar, crushing and sieving. The invention can effectively reduce the effectiveness and toxicity of heavy metals in soil, improve the resistance of heavy metal resistance genes in soil, and has no change of the risk of antibiotic resistance in soil after long-term action. Has good application prospect.

Description

Method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs.

Background

The existing remediation modes of the heavy metal pollution of the soil comprise physical, chemical and biological remediation methods and the like, and mainly adopt biological measures and improvement measures to extract the heavy metals in the soil, enrich and transfer the heavy metals to the harvestable parts of plants or put modifiers into the polluted soil, so that the heavy metals have the effects of oxidation, reduction, precipitation, adsorption, inhibition and antagonism. The modifier plays an important role in soil improvement, and the existing soil modifiers have various types, wherein the minerals mainly comprise peat, lignite, weathered coal, lime, gypsum, vermiculite, bentonite, zeolite, perlite, sepiolite and the like; natural and semi-synthetic water-soluble polymers mainly comprise polysaccharide materials, cellulose materials, lignin materials and resin glue materials; artificially synthesized high molecular compounds mainly including polyacrylic acids, vinyl acetate maleic acids and polyvinyl alcohols; (4) beneficial microbial agents and the like.

In addition, the antibiotic causes drug resistance genes due to the complex comprehensive action of abiotic and biological factors of soil in the natural environment, and heavy metal resistance genes and antibiotic resistance genes coexist in the soil, so that the research suggests that soil microorganisms play an important role in determining the abundance and diversity of the antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes. In the prior art, most of soil conditioners do not consider the influence on heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes in soil, so the invention aims to develop a novel conditioner to better meet the actual requirement.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs, so as to solve the problems in the background art.

The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs comprises uniformly stirring mushroom dreg particles and mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar, adding into soil, and planting restoring plants; the preparation method of the mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar comprises the following steps: adding the bacterial slag particles into a closed container, introducing nitrogen, heating to 450-550 ℃, maintaining for 1.5-2.5 h, cooling to room temperature after heating to obtain bacterial slag pyrolytic biochar, taking out the bacterial slag pyrolytic biochar, crushing and sieving.

Preferably, the reaction mixture is heated to 500 ℃ after nitrogen introduction and maintained for 2 hours. Under the condition, the full carbon yield can be ensured, and the heavy metal activity and the antibiotic resistance of the obtained bacteria residue pyrolysis biochar can be ensured.

Further, the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs to the mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar is 1-5: 1.

furthermore, the content of the mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar in the soil is 1-5%.

Further, the mushroom dreg particles are dry mushroom dreg particles with the diameter not larger than 2 mm.

Further, the mushroom dreg particles are oyster mushroom dreg particles.

Furthermore, when nitrogen is introduced, the flow rate of the nitrogen is 200-250 ml/min, and the maintaining time is 8-10 min.

Furthermore, the temperature is increased at the speed of 10-12 ℃/min in the heating process.

Further, the mixture was passed through a 2mm mesh screen after pulverization.

Further, the closed container is a tubular muffle furnace.

Has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for improving the soil by using the mushroom dregs, the mushroom dregs discarded after the oyster mushroom is planted are used as a soil conditioner, the raw materials of the mushroom dregs are agricultural waste and fertilizer, and the mushroom dregs are directly returned to the field in a large amount for application, so that the risk of antibiotic resistance can be caused. Meanwhile, in the repairing process, the microbial activity is fully stimulated to further improve the soil environment, a good soil improving effect is achieved, and the biomass of the repairing plants is increased.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a comparison of soil cadmium content in each experimental group according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention (wherein F1, F2, F3, and F4 represent a carbonate-bound state, a reduced state, an oxidized state, and a residue state of cadmium, respectively).

FIG. 2 is a chart showing the abundance of cadmium resistance genes in each experimental group according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in each experimental group in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

Example 1

Preparation of mushroom dreg particles: air-drying the mushroom dregs at room temperature to constant weight, and then crushing the air-dried oyster mushroom dregs into mushroom dreg particles with the diameter of less than 2mm by using a crusher. In this embodiment, the mushroom dregs are preferably used.

Preparing the mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar: according to the specification of a hearth of the tubular muffle furnace, weighing a proper amount of bacteria slag particles, and adding the bacteria slag particles into the tubular muffle furnace. Introducing nitrogen to drive air to be clean at room temperature, maintaining the nitrogen flow at 200ml/min for 10min, then performing temperature programming at the speed of 10 ℃/min by using a tubular muffle furnace, heating to 500 ℃ and maintaining for 2h, cooling to room temperature, taking out, crushing, and passing through a 2mm mesh screen to obtain the mushroom residue pyrolytic biochar.

The combined application method comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly stirring the mushroom dregs and the biochar by using a stirrer, adding the mixture into soil, and planting the restoration plants. Repair plants include, but are not limited to alfalfa. The variety of the repair plants can be different, and in the embodiment, the repair plants are alfalfa.

The experimental soil is selected from soil of Shiyang city Banana xi Zhen paddy in Hunan province. The soil pretreatment is air drying at room temperature, and plant and biological residues and stones are selected. The experimental mode is cultivated in a pot in the greenhouse, and the experimental group is set up including:

experimental group 1 (CK): unrepaired original soil

Experimental group 2 (AP): single alfalfa

Experimental group 3 (APBS): alfalfa +3% mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar (w/w)

Experimental group 4 (APSMS): alfalfa +10% mushroom dregs (w/w)

Experimental group 5 (APBSMS): alfalfa, 1.5% mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar (w/w) and 5% mushroom dreg (w/w);

each set was 4 replicates. 1.5kg of treated soil was used per experimental group. Watering to a humidity level suitable for alfalfa growth. After the alfalfa seedlings grow to 5cm high, the number of the seedlings per pot is reduced to 5. The pot plants were placed in a greenhouse, observed daily, and watered periodically. The planting period is 90 days.

The assay was performed after 90 days.

As shown in fig. 1, the soil improvement effect of the experimental group 5 is the best, and compared with the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2, the content of heavy metal cadmium in the soil treated by the alfalfa, the 1.5% mushroom residue pyrolytic biochar (w/w) and the 5% mushroom residue in the experimental group 5 is significantly reduced. And the results of the experiment group 4 which uses alfalfa and 10% of fungus dreg pyrolysis biochar (w/w) for treatment or the experiment group 3 which uses alfalfa, 3% of fungus dreg pyrolysis biochar (w/w) or single alfalfa in the experiment group 2 for treatment of soil are not ideal. The experimental groups 3 and 4 and the experimental group 5 are compared and analyzed, so that the effect is not obvious when the bacteria dreg pyrolysis biochar or the bacteria dreg is simply applied, the cadmium content in the treated soil is not very different, and when the content of the bacteria dreg pyrolysis biochar is reduced, a proper amount of bacteria dreg is added in combination with the planted alfalfa, the cadmium content in the soil can be unexpectedly and remarkably reduced.

As shown in fig. 2, compared with experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, the gene abundance of heavy metal cadmium in the soil treated by the combination of alfalfa, 1.5% of the mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar (w/w) and 5% of the mushroom dreg in experimental group 5 is significantly increased. And the results of the experiment group 4 which uses alfalfa and 10% of fungus dreg pyrolysis biochar (w/w) for treatment or the experiment group 3 which uses alfalfa, 3% of fungus dreg pyrolysis biochar (w/w) or single alfalfa in the experiment group 2 for treatment of soil are not ideal. The experimental groups 3 and 4 and the experimental group 5 are compared and analyzed, so that the effect is not obvious when the bacteria dreg pyrolysis biochar or the bacteria dreg is simply applied, and the abundance of the cadmium resistance gene in the treated soil is not very different. When the content of the fungus dreg pyrolysis biochar is reduced, and a proper amount of fungus dreg is added in combination with planting alfalfa, the abundance of the cadmium resistance gene can be unexpectedly and remarkably increased.

Compared with experimental group 1, the larger the change of the abundance of the antibiotic resistance gene, the larger the effect of the antibiotic, while the invention has no significant effect on the antibiotic resistance in the soil as shown in fig. 3. The bacteria dreg pyrolytic biochar and the bacteria dreg are matched according to a set proportion and are combined to plant the alfalfa, and the antibiotic resistance in the soil is not obviously influenced.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs is characterized in that mushroom dreg particles and mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar are added into soil after being uniformly stirred, and restoration plants are planted; the preparation method of the mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar comprises the following steps: adding the bacterial slag particles into a closed container, introducing nitrogen, heating to 450-550 ℃, maintaining for 1.5-2.5 h, cooling to room temperature after heating to obtain bacterial slag pyrolytic biochar, taking out the bacterial slag pyrolytic biochar, crushing and sieving.

2. The method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs to the mushroom dregs pyrolytic biochar is 1-5: 1.

3. the method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs according to claim 1, wherein the content of the mushroom dreg pyrolytic biochar in the soil is 1-5%.

4. The method for improving soil using mushroom dregs according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom dregs granule is a dry mushroom dregs granule with a diameter of not more than 2 mm.

5. The method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs according to claim 4, wherein the mushroom dreg particles are oyster mushroom dreg particles.

6. The method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen flow rate is 200 to 250ml/min and the holding time is 8 to 10min when the nitrogen is introduced.

7. The method for improving soil using mushroom dregs according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is raised at a rate of 10 to 12 ℃/min during the heating.

8. The method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom dregs are sieved by a 2mm mesh screen after being crushed.

9. The method for improving soil by using mushroom dregs according to claim 1, wherein the closed container is a tubular muffle furnace.