CN115381882A

CN115381882A - Preparation method of Sichuan tangerine peel

Info

Publication number: CN115381882A
Application number: CN202211155488.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈允斌
Original assignee: Yunbin Shanghai Health Technology Co ltd; Shanghai Zhengshi Cultural Creativity Co ltd
Current assignee: Yunbin Shanghai Health Technology Co ltd; Shanghai Zhengshi Cultural Creativity Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-26
Filing date: 2022-09-22
Publication date: 2022-11-25
Also published as: CN113925903A

Abstract

The embodiment of the specification provides a preparation method of Sichuan tangerine peel, which comprises the following steps: drying the peels meeting the first preset condition at a first preset temperature and within a first preset humidity range; and ageing the dried pericarp which meets the first preset condition at a second preset temperature and within a second preset humidity range to obtain the Sichuan tangerine peel, wherein the linalool content of the Sichuan tangerine peel is within the range of 5.70-15.99%.

Description

Preparation method of Sichuan tangerine peel

Cross-referencing

The present application claims priority from chinese application No. 202111131927.5, filed on 26/9/2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

The specification relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, and in particular relates to a Sichuan tangerine peel and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The dried orange peel is an important medicinal material commonly used in a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is also a common diet health-care food material with homology of medicine and food, and is listed in 59 traditional Chinese medicine catalogues (selected from 2598 traditional Chinese medicines recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia) of the first traditional Chinese medicine standardized construction project started in 2017. The dried orange peel contains important flavonoid active ingredients, namely hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin, and the three ingredients have obvious antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor effects and are also the key research direction of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology at present.

Since ancient times, there are two kinds of medicinal materials used as dried orange peel: pericarpium Citri Tangerinae and pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis. Guang Chen Pi is the bark of tea branch orange, produced in Guangdong province. The name of tangerine peel is specially for tangerine peel made of tangerine. The genuine medicinal material is pericarpium citri reticulatae prepared from citrus reticulata blanco, which is called as 'Chuan pericarpium citri reticulatae'. In order to distinguish from Guang Tang Chen Pi, chuan Chen Pi is used in the specification.

The producing area, variety and processing method of Chuan tangerine peel have great influence on the effect of the prescription, and ordinary people often influence the treatment by buying wrong tangerine peel. Therefore, there is a need for an improved method for preparing citrus peel to obtain citrus peel with high content of effective components (e.g., linalool, limonene).

Disclosure of Invention

One embodiment of the present specification provides a preparation method of a Sichuan tangerine peel, including: drying the peels which meet first preset conditions at a first preset temperature and within a first preset humidity range; and ageing the dried pericarp which meets the first preset condition at a second preset temperature and within a second preset humidity range to obtain the Sichuan tangerine peel, wherein the linalool content of the Sichuan tangerine peel is within the range of 5.70-15.99%.

In some embodiments, the citrus chaeta peel has a limonene content in the range of 67.83% -82.2%.

In some embodiments, the nobiletin content of the pericarpium citri reticulatae is greater than 2.9mg/g.

In some embodiments, the concentration of linalool in the environment of the drying process is not lower than a first preset threshold.

In some embodiments, the concentration of linalool in the aging environment is not less than a second predetermined threshold.

In some embodiments, the temperature of the drying process is monitored by a first temperature sensor, and the first temperature adjustment mechanism is controlled based on the first temperature sensor monitoring the resulting ambient temperature of the drying process.

In some embodiments, the humidity of the drying process is monitored by a first humidity sensor, and a first humidity adjustment mechanism is controlled based on the first humidity sensor monitoring the resulting ambient humidity of the drying process.

In some embodiments, the first predetermined temperature is in the range of 0-50 ℃ and the first predetermined humidity is in the range of 0% -80%.

In some embodiments, the weight of the peel is monitored by a weight sensor during the drying process, and the drying process is stopped when the weight of the peel reaches a predetermined peel weight.

In some embodiments, the temperature of the aging process is monitored by a second temperature sensor, and a second temperature adjustment mechanism is controlled based on the ambient temperature of the aging process monitored by the second temperature sensor.

In some embodiments, the humidity of the aging process is monitored by a second humidity sensor, and a second humidity adjustment mechanism is controlled based on the ambient humidity of the aging process monitored by the second humidity sensor.

In some embodiments, the second predetermined temperature is in the range of 6-32 ℃ and the second predetermined humidity is in the range of 50% -65%.

In some embodiments, the aging process is performed in an aging vessel in which the concentration of linalool is not less than a second predetermined threshold, and the gas within the aging vessel is collected and recycled.

In some embodiments, the concentration of limonene in the environment of the drying process is not below a third preset threshold.

In some embodiments, the concentration of limonene in the aging environment is no lower than a fourth predetermined threshold.

One purpose of one embodiment of the specification is to provide a Sichuan tangerine peel used as genuine medicinal materials.

In one aspect, embodiments herein provide a citrus peel, wherein volatile oil in the citrus peel comprises linalool and limonene.

In some embodiments, the linalool is present in an amount from 5.70% to 15.99%.

In some embodiments, the limonene content is 67.83% to 82.2%.

In some embodiments, the pericarpium citri reticulatae contains nobiletin, and the content of the nobiletin is more than 2.9mg/g.

In some embodiments, the citrus chevrolens is in the shape of a clover.

In another aspect, one of the embodiments herein provides a method for preparing sichuan tangerine peel, comprising: selecting mature fruits of tangerines grown in Sichuan; washing the ripe fruit; longitudinally cutting the peel of the ripe fruit from the top of the ripe fruit after cleaning to the pedicel without scratching the pulp of the ripe fruit; separating the peel and the pulp; drying the peel in the air at the temperature of 0-50 ℃ and the air speed of less than 1.5 m/s; turning over the peel during the airing; the airing is carried out until the water content of the peel is lower than 13%; placing the peel with water content of less than 13% into a sealed container, and storing at 6-32 deg.C and humidity of no more than 65% for aging.

In some embodiments, the mature fruit is a fruit with more than 80% of its pericarp in red, less than 80% and more than 50% of its pericarp in red, or a fruit with its pericarp in deep red that is picked after winter solstice.

In some embodiments, said washing said ripe fruit comprises soaking said ripe fruit in an aqueous solution of flour, then rubbing said ripe fruit with a flexible substance while soaking, and finally washing said ripe fruit with water; the flour aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of cereal flour, potato flour and/or bean flour.

In some embodiments, the peel after separation from the pulp is in the shape of a four-petal flower.

In some embodiments, the peel is placed on a drying bed for drying in the sun in a manner that white parts of the peel face upwards and do not overlap with each other.

In some embodiments, the peel is turned under conditions in which the peel is air-cured to set.

In some embodiments, the sealed container is a sealed container that meets food hygiene safety requirements, has gas permeability, is free of contamination, and is free of odor.

In some embodiments, the peel having a moisture content of less than 13% is stacked in a flat, white portion down, red portion up, in a sealed container.

In some embodiments, the aging is carried out for more than one year.

In some embodiments, the Citrus tangerina produced in sichuan is clovershrub (Citrus reticulata Blanco, fl.

Drawings

The present description will be further explained by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail by way of the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not intended to be limiting, and in these embodiments like numerals are used to indicate like structures, wherein:

fig. 1 is a flow diagram of an exemplary sichuan tangerine peel preparation process according to some embodiments herein;

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method of making Sichuan tangerine peel according to some embodiments herein;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary control system according to some embodiments herein;

FIG. 4 is a workflow diagram of an exemplary control system according to some embodiments of the present description.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples or embodiments of the present description, and that for a person skilled in the art, the present description can also be applied to other similar scenarios on the basis of these drawings without inventive effort. Unless otherwise apparent from the context, or otherwise indicated, like reference numbers in the figures refer to the same structure or operation.

It should be understood that "system," "device," "unit," and/or "module" as used herein is a method for distinguishing between different components, elements, parts, portions, or assemblies of different levels. However, other words may be substituted by other expressions if they accomplish the same purpose.

As used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not intended to be inclusive in the singular, but rather are intended to be inclusive in the plural, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In general, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" are intended to cover only the explicitly identified steps or elements as not constituting an exclusive list and that the method or apparatus may comprise further steps or elements.

Flowcharts are used in this specification to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to embodiments of the present specification. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in the exact order in which they are performed. Rather, the various steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Meanwhile, other operations may be added to the processes, or a certain step or several steps of operations may be removed from the processes.

As defined herein, all percentages expressed should be understood as weight percentages unless otherwise indicated.

The Sichuan tangerine is called Chuanhong tangerine for short. The history of cultivation of the citrus reticulata blanco can be traced back to the country of fruit in the Zhou dynasty recorded in the literature (the region of southern charging in Sichuan today). The Sichuan red tangerine is in a slope and belongs to hilly areas, soil, climate and geographical positions are all very suitable for growth of the Sichuan red tangerine, and the grown red tangerine has bright red peel and high medicinal value. Since ancient times, there are two kinds of medicinal materials used as dried orange peel: pericarpium Citri Tangerinae and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae. Guang Chen Pi is the peel of tea branch citrus, produced in Guangdong province. The name of tangerine peel is specially named for tangerine peel made of tangerine. The genuine medicinal material is pericarpium citri reticulatae prepared from citrus reticulata blanco, which is called as 'Chuan pericarpium citri reticulatae'.

Fig. 1 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method of making citrus peel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the process 100 may be performed automatically by a control system. For example, the process 100 may be implemented by control instructions, and the control system controls each device to complete each operation of the process 100 based on the control instructions.

Step 110, preparing the peel meeting the first preset condition.

In some embodiments, the pericarp meeting the first predetermined condition can include a pericarp obtained by pretreating a mature fruit. In some embodiments, the pretreatment may include, but is not limited to, washing the fruit, removing water from the surface of the fruit, separating the peel from the pulp, and the like.

In some embodiments, the mature fruit may comprise citrus tangerina produced in sichuan. In some embodiments, the Citrus tangerina produced in sichuan is clovershrub (Citrus reticulata Blanco, fl. The Dahongpao is a good variety in Chuanhong orange, and is superior to the traditional core producing area (such as Guizhong county) of the red oranges in Nei river and the periphery.

In some embodiments, the mature fruits are more than 80% of the fruits having red pericarp, less than 80% and more than 50% of the fruits having red pericarp, or fruits having dark red pericarp picked after winter solstice. More than 80% of the fruits with red pericarp are called scarlet pericarp, less than 80% and more than 50% of the fruits with red pericarp are called rhubarb pericarp, and the fruits with dark red pericarp picked after winter solstice are called winter solstice pericarp. The three fruits are all suitable for preparing the Sichuan tangerine peel, and can be respectively used in different prescriptions according to the slight difference of the efficacies.

In some embodiments, the means for washing the ripe fruit comprises soaking the ripe fruit in an aqueous solution of flour, then rubbing the ripe fruit with a flexible substance while soaking, and finally washing the ripe fruit with water. In some embodiments, the aqueous powder solution may be an aqueous solution of starch-rich edible powdered material. The powdery substance is at least largely insoluble in water, and forms a suspension liquid for easy cleaning. In some embodiments, the powdered material may be selected from cereal flour, potato flour, bean flour, and/or the like. In some embodiments, the aqueous powder solution may be formed by mixing one or more different powders.

In some embodiments, the mass ratio of starch-rich edible flour to water in the flour-water solution can affect the cleanliness and cleaning costs of the fruit. For example, a too low mass ratio of starch-rich edible powder to water can result in poor cleaning, ineffective cleaning or less clean fruit. Also for example, a too high mass ratio of starch-rich edible powder to water can result in a more viscous aqueous powder solution that is not conducive to cleaning operations and can result in significant loss of raw materials that can result in higher cleaning costs. Therefore, the mass ratio of the starch-rich edible powdery substance to water is controlled within a predetermined range.

In some embodiments, the starch-rich edible powdered material to water mass ratio in the aqueous flour solution may be in the range of 0.1% to 10%. In some embodiments, the starch-rich edible powdered material to water mass ratio in the aqueous flour solution may be in the range of 0.5% to 9%. In some embodiments, the starch-rich edible powdered substance to water mass ratio in the aqueous flour solution may be in the range of 0.5% to 5%. In some embodiments, the starch-rich edible powdered material to water mass ratio in the aqueous flour solution may be in the range of 1% to 8%. In some embodiments, the starch-rich edible powdered material to water mass ratio in the aqueous flour solution may be in the range of 2% to 7%. In some embodiments, the starch-rich edible powdered material to water mass ratio in the aqueous flour solution may be in the range of 3% to 6%. In some embodiments, the starch-rich edible powdered material to water mass ratio in the aqueous flour solution may be in the range of 4% to 5%.

The powder substance in the powder water solution can play the role of a surfactant, dirt generated on the surface of the fruit during growth can be cleaned, and possible pesticide residues on the surface can be removed. The water solution of the powder is used for washing the fruit, so that the grease cells on the surface of the fruit which can not be washed by water can be washed. If other detergents are used for cleaning fruits, the other detergents may damage the efficacy of the Sichuan tangerine peel when the pericarp is aired in the later period. If the cleaning step is omitted, dirt and possible surface pesticide residue on the fruit surface can not be removed, such as cleaning the dried orange peel in Sichuan, and nutrients in the orange peel part can be lost.

In some embodiments, before the fruit is cleaned, the fruit to be cleaned may be soaked in the powder water solution, so as to facilitate the subsequent cleaning treatment, and further improve the cleanliness of the fruit after the subsequent cleaning. For example, the mature fruit is first soaked with an aqueous solution of flour for at least 30 minutes. In some embodiments, the washing time for washing the mature fruit with the aqueous flour solution is at least 10min. Rubbing the ripe fruit with a flexible substance helps to clean the fruit and avoid damaging the peel. It is not desirable to soak mature fruits in the aqueous flour solution for a long period of time, and in some embodiments, the mature fruits are washed by soaking in the aqueous flour solution for up to 12 hours.

In some embodiments, after washing the mature fruit, moisture may be removed from the surface of the fruit. In some embodiments, removing moisture from the surface of the fruit comprises blotting, air drying, or air drying the surface of the fruit.

In some embodiments, the peel of the ripe fruit can be longitudinally cut from the top of the cleaned ripe fruit to the fruit base without scratching the pulp of the ripe fruit, so that the peel separated from the pulp is in a four-petal flower shape, and the peel can be quantitatively taken when being used as a medicinal material. Since the pericarp of the mature fruit of the citrus tangerina in sichuan is thin and soft, if the pericarp of the fruit is longitudinally cut from the pedicel to the top, the pericarp is easily broken and does not easily form a four-petal flower shape. The flesh of the mature fruit is not scratched, so that the juice can be prevented from dripping on the peel, and black spots are prevented from being generated on the Sichuan tangerine peel.

In some embodiments, the separation of the peel and pulp does not damage the pulp. Therefore, the juice can be prevented from dripping on the pericarp, and black spots on the pericarpium citri reticulatae can be prevented.

Step 120, drying the peels meeting the first preset condition at a first preset temperature and in a first preset humidity range.

The drying process can bring the moisture content of the peel meeting the first predetermined condition to a predetermined range (e.g., less than 13%) to prevent the peel from mildewing during the subsequent processing (e.g., aging) and facilitate long-term storage.

In some embodiments, the peel may be dried (e.g., sun dried) in a bed with the white portions facing upward and without overlapping each other. In some embodiments, the tanning bed is a loose, air-permeable structure. In some embodiments, the tanning bed is made of bamboo, wood, or both. In some embodiments, the tanning bed is a loose and breathable pad woven from bamboo strips. In some embodiments, the tanning bed may be provided with means for ventilation, temperature and/or humidity sensors, and temperature and/or humidity regulation to ensure proper drying process conditions. In some embodiments, the bed may have automatic fast moving (e.g., bumping, etc.) devices, and the bed may be moved fast (e.g., bumping, etc.) by the control device to facilitate the drying of the peel.

In some embodiments, the drying process may be performed outdoors. In some embodiments, the peel is aired under certain conditions under controlled wind speed. The air speed is controlled under a certain condition, and more effective components, especially volatile oil components, can be reserved when the sun is aired. In some embodiments, the peel may be aired at a wind speed of less than 1.5 m/s. In some embodiments, the peel can be air-dried at 0-50 deg.C and air speed of less than 1.5 m/s. In some embodiments, the peel can be air-dried at a temperature of 8-40 deg.C and a wind speed of less than 1.5 m/s. In some embodiments, the peel can be air-dried at 12-30 deg.C and wind speed of less than 1.5 m/s. In some embodiments, the peel can be air-dried at 8-28 deg.C and air speed of less than 1.5 m/s. In some embodiments, the peel can be air-dried at 8-20 deg.C and wind speed of less than 1.5 m/s. In some embodiments, the peel may be naturally aired in sunlight. In some embodiments, the peel may be dried in a drying device other than a hot air drying device below 40 ℃. In some embodiments, the peel can be dried in combination with natural sun-drying and drying in a drying device other than a hot air drying device below 40 ℃. According to detection, the volatile oil components beta-humulene, (+) -bergamotene and beta-elemene in 3 components of the peel dried at high temperature are obviously reduced and can hardly be detected.

In some embodiments, the peel is air-dried to a moisture content of less than 13%. The peel with a water content of less than 13% is substantially dry. Pericarp with water content less than 13% is not easy to mildew during subsequent aging.

In some embodiments, the drying process may be performed indoors to reduce air flow and volatile oil volatilization, so as to retain the volatile oil components (e.g., linalool, limonene) of the citrus peel as much as possible and retain its medicinal efficacy. In some embodiments, the drying process may be performed in a closed environment (e.g., a closed space or a closed container) to ensure effectiveness. The enclosed environment as used herein refers to a space or vessel that is isolated to some extent from the ambient atmosphere and does not require complete isolation from the ambient atmosphere. For example, the door and window are tightly closed, and the closed space such as a warehouse with poor ventilation condition with the outside can also be used as the closed space. In some embodiments, there is a requirement for the degree of isolation of the enclosed space and enclosed container from the ambient atmosphere. In practical applications, the enclosed space may be a door or window with tight closure, even without a window, and the door for daily access may be provided with an isolation area, such as two doors, or a relatively closed isolation strip on one or both sides of the door to reduce the exchange with the outside atmosphere. Similar structures may also be used to close the container. In particular, a closed container may be further provided in the closed environment, and the drying process may be performed in the closed container.

In some embodiments, when the drying process is performed in a closed environment, the concentration of the volatile oil component (e.g., linalool, limonene) in the closed environment (e.g., closed space or closed container) of the drying process can be maintained as high as possible to be not lower than a predetermined threshold value, so as to reduce the volatile loss of the corresponding volatile oil component in the pericarp during the drying process, and to retain the volatile oil component in the pericarpium citri reticulatae.

In some embodiments, the concentration (molar ratio) of linalool in the environment of the drying process may not be lower than a first preset threshold. In some embodiments, the first preset threshold may be greater than 0.01%. In some embodiments, the first preset threshold may be greater than 0.03%. In some embodiments, the first preset threshold may be greater than 0.05%. In some embodiments, the first preset threshold may be greater than 0.08%. In some embodiments, the first preset threshold may be greater than 0.1%. In some embodiments, the first preset threshold may be greater than 0.15%. In some embodiments, the first preset threshold may be greater than 0.2%. In some embodiments, the first preset threshold may be greater than 0.25%. In some embodiments, the first preset threshold may be greater than 0.3%.

In some embodiments, the concentration of limonene in the environment of the drying process may not be below a third preset threshold. In some embodiments, the third preset threshold may be greater than 1%. In some embodiments, the third preset threshold may be greater than 2%. In some embodiments, the third preset threshold may be greater than 3%. In some embodiments, the third preset threshold may be greater than 4%. In some embodiments, the third preset threshold may be greater than 5%. In some embodiments, the third preset threshold may be greater than 6%. In some embodiments, the third preset threshold may be greater than 7%. In some embodiments, the third preset threshold may be greater than 8%. In some embodiments, the third preset threshold may be greater than 9%. In some embodiments, the third preset threshold may be greater than 10%.

In some embodiments, the concentration of the volatile oil component in the drying environment may be maintained by rolling the peel to a first predetermined level. Generally, the peel meeting the first predetermined condition has a high content of volatile oil in the early stage of drying and a high content of volatile oil which is volatilized into the environment. As the drying process proceeds, there is some loss of the content of the various volatile oil components in the peel, and less volatile oil is volatilized into the environment. In order to fully utilize various volatile oil components volatilized to the environment, the pericarp of each stage can be introduced to be dried in a closed environment. For example, assume that the preset drying time is T ₁ (T ₁ Can be set according to experience and drynessEnvironmental and seasonal, climate, etc.), a plurality of different batches of fruit peels treated (e.g., pretreated) by the preceding process and meeting the first preset condition may be placed in a drying environment for drying according to a certain time schedule. After the dried peel is taken out, the next batch of peel which is treated by the previous process is supplemented. By the method, the pericarp with higher volatile oil content can be ensured to provide volatile components in the closed environment, and the concentration of linalool and/or limonene and the like in the closed environment is ensured. Specifically, in some embodiments, in the drying environment, there are at least two different batches of pericarp meeting the first predetermined condition, and the time difference between the two different batches of pericarp meeting the first predetermined condition entering the drying environment is at least greater than the predetermined drying time T ₁ 1/3 of (1). Furthermore, the time difference between the drying environment and the batches of peels meeting the first predetermined condition is at least greater than the predetermined drying time T ₁ 2/5 of (1). Furthermore, the time difference between the drying environment and the batches of peels meeting the first predetermined condition is at least greater than the predetermined drying time T ₁ 1/2 of (1). Furthermore, the time difference between the drying environment and the batches of peels meeting the first predetermined condition is at least greater than the predetermined drying time T ₁ 3/5 of (a). Furthermore, the time difference between the drying environment and the drying environment for the different batches of peels meeting the first predetermined condition is at least greater than the predetermined drying time T ₁ 7/10 of (1). Furthermore, the time difference between the drying environment and the batches of peels meeting the first predetermined condition is at least greater than the predetermined drying time T ₁ 4/5 of (1). Furthermore, the time difference between the drying environment and the batches of peels meeting the first predetermined condition is at least greater than the predetermined drying time T ₁ 9/10 of (1). Furthermore, the time difference between the drying environment and the batches of peels meeting the first predetermined condition is at least greater than the predetermined drying time T ₁ 。

In some embodiments, in order to ensure the concentration of linalool and/or limonene in the dry environment, non-pretreated peels, or some treated peels, or some peeled peels from the pretreatment stage may be stacked, and the concentration of linalool and/or limonene in the dry environment is ensured to meet the preset threshold value by using the non-pretreated peels, the dried peels, or the peeled peels. In order to ensure the concentration of linalool and/or limonene in the drying environment, some products containing linalool and/or limonene after processing and purification can be properly added into the drying environment. However, for quality and efficacy reasons, the linalool and/or limonene in the dry environment is preferably derived from the linalool and/or limonene spontaneously generated during the process, and the linalool and/or limonene is recycled and utilized fully.

If the enclosed space in which the drying environment is located is too large, in some embodiments, the peel may be further placed in a smaller enclosed space or container within the enclosed space. For example, at least one greenhouse can be constructed on a bed-in-the-sun using polyethylene film, to construct at least one smaller enclosed environment in which the concentration of linalool and/or limonene is ensured using the methods discussed above. In some embodiments, an air inlet and an air outlet may be provided in each greenhouse, and the greenhouse is filled with pre-collected gas meeting the linalool and/or limonene concentration requirements in a circulating inflation manner, so as to ensure the linalool and/or limonene concentration in the dry environment. In some embodiments, the temperature and/or humidity within each of the greenhouses may be controlled by a control system to meet the temperature and/or temperature required for the drying process.

In some embodiments, the temperature of the drying process affects the quality of the citrus peel. For example, the temperature is too low to facilitate drying or the drying process is inefficient. For example, too high temperature may cause a large amount of volatile oil in the peel, which may greatly reduce the content of volatile oil in the citrus chachiensis nakai, and further affect the efficacy of citrus chachiensis nakai. Therefore, the temperature of the drying process needs to be controlled within a first preset temperature range.

In some embodiments, the first preset temperature may be in the range of 0 ℃ to 50 ℃. In some embodiments, the first preset temperature may be in the range of 5 ℃ to 45 ℃. In some embodiments, the first preset temperature may be in the range of 10 ℃ to 40 ℃. In some embodiments, the first preset temperature may be in the range of 15 ℃ to 35 ℃. In some embodiments, the first preset temperature may be in the range of 20 ℃ to 30 ℃. In some embodiments, the first preset temperature may be in the range of 22 ℃ to 28 ℃. In some embodiments, the first preset temperature may be in the range of 24 ℃ to 26 ℃.

In some embodiments, the humidity of the drying process affects the quality of the citrus peel. For example, excessive humidity can cause the peel to mildew and the drying process to be inefficient. Therefore, the humidity of the drying process needs to be controlled within a first preset humidity range.

In some embodiments, the first predetermined humidity may be in the range of 0% -80%. In some embodiments, the first preset humidity may be in the range of 0% -70%. In some embodiments, the first preset humidity may be in the range of 10% -60%. In some embodiments, the first preset humidity may be in the range of 20% -50%. In some embodiments, the first preset humidity may be in the range of 30% -40%.

In some embodiments, the ambient temperature and the ambient humidity of the drying process may be controlled by the control system to be within a first predetermined temperature and a first predetermined humidity range, respectively. For a description of the control system and a control process thereof, reference may be made to descriptions of other parts (for example, fig. 3, fig. 4 and related descriptions thereof) of the present specification, and details are not repeated herein.

In some embodiments, the drying process may be performed in a drying vessel, and the concentration of linalool in the drying vessel may not be lower than a first preset threshold. In some embodiments, the gas within the drying vessel may be collected and reused. For example, the gas in the drying container (e.g., the first drying container) after the preset drying time may be collected and introduced into another drying container (e.g., the second drying container) for recycling. The volatile oil component is contained in the collected gas, so that the volatile oil volatilization amount of the pericarp in the drying treatment process in the drying container can be reduced to a certain extent, the drying environments in a plurality of drying containers can be the same, and the consistency of the drying quality is ensured.

In some embodiments, the peel is turned over under conditions in which the peel is dried (e.g., sun-cured) to set.

In some embodiments, the drying process is stopped when the peel meets a second predetermined condition.

In some embodiments, the second predetermined condition may include, but is not limited to, a predetermined peel weight, a predetermined peel appearance (e.g., color, shape), and the like. For example, the drying process is stopped when the peel weight reaches a predetermined peel weight and/or the peel appearance matches a predetermined peel appearance.

In some embodiments, the moisture in the peel may evaporate during the drying process, and a weight sensor may be used to monitor the real-time weight of the peel during the drying process, to further determine the real-time moisture content of the peel during the drying process, and the drying process may be stopped when the real-time moisture content θ reaches a predetermined range (e.g., less than 13%).

In some embodiments, the real-time moisture content of the peel may be determined according to equation (1),

wherein theta represents the real-time water content of the peel during the drying process, n represents the water content of the peel meeting the first predetermined condition before the drying process, and m represents the moisture content of the peel meeting the first predetermined condition before the drying process ₁ Representing the weight of the peel meeting the first preset condition before the drying treatment, and m representing the real-time weight of the peel in the drying treatment process. The moisture content n of the peel meeting the first predetermined condition before the drying process can be determined by equation (2),

wherein m is ₁ Representing the weight of the peel, m, before drying, which meets a first predetermined condition ₂ Indicating that the peel which meets the first preset condition is dried to the weight of constant weight.

For example, a number of symbols are randomly selectedThe peel meeting the first preset condition is obtained by experiments, and the weight m of the peel meeting the first preset condition before the drying treatment ₁ 10g, the peel meeting the first preset condition is dried until the weight of the constant weight is 4g, and the water content n of the peel meeting the first preset condition before the drying treatment is 40%. The real-time weight m of the peel obtained by the weight sensor in the drying process is 9g, the water content is 33% calculated by formula (1), and the drying process is controlled to continue if the water content does not reach a preset range (for example, lower than 13%). When the real-time weight m of the peel obtained by the weight sensor is 6.896g, the water content is

When a predetermined range (for example, less than 13%) is reached, the drying process is controlled to be stopped.

In some embodiments, for a uniform size of peel meeting the first predetermined condition, n can be 40% and m can be determined based on the above measurement ₁ 10g and theta is 13%, and when the weight sensor monitors that the weight of the peel is lower than 6.896g, the control stops the drying process according to the calculation of the formula (1). Further description of controlling the drying process may be found in the description of other portions of this specification (e.g., fig. 3 and its associated description).

In some embodiments, the appearance (e.g., color, shape) of the peel may change as the drying process progresses, and the determination of whether to stop the drying process may be made by determining whether the appearance (e.g., color, shape) of the peel conforms to a predetermined peel appearance. For example, the control system may train a machine learning model based on the historical peel information after the drying process. The inputs to the machine learning model may include information on the appearance of the peel (e.g., color, shape, etc.), and the output whether to stop the drying process. Specifically, a plurality of cameras (or digital cameras) can be installed in the drying environment, and the video and/or image data of the fruit peel can be acquired periodically according to the preset time. And comparing the video and/or image data with a preset standard through a machine learning model, and monitoring the drying process. The analysis precision is improved, the uncertainty caused by artificial subjective judgment is avoided, and meanwhile, the whole-process automatic processing can be realized by combining with other steps (such as aging processing).

And step 130, ageing the dried pericarp meeting the first preset condition in a second preset temperature and second preset humidity range to obtain the Sichuan tangerine peel.

Aging can convert the dried pericarp to obtain effective components such as flavonoids and volatile oil.

In some embodiments, the temperature of the aging process affects the quality of the citrus peel. For example, the temperature is too low for aging. For another example, too high a temperature may cause the dried peel to burn. Therefore, the temperature of the aging process needs to be controlled within a second preset temperature range.

In some embodiments, the second preset temperature may be in the range of 6 ℃ to 32 ℃. In some embodiments, the second preset temperature may be in the range of 8 ℃ to 30 ℃. In some embodiments, the second preset temperature may be in the range of 10 ℃ to 28 ℃. In some embodiments, the second predetermined temperature may be in the range of 12 ℃ to 26 ℃. In some embodiments, the second preset temperature may be in the range of 14 ℃ to 24 ℃. In some embodiments, the second preset temperature may be in the range of 16 ℃ to 22 ℃. In some embodiments, the second preset temperature may be in the range of 18 ℃ to 20 ℃.

In some embodiments, the moisture of the aging process affects the quality of the Sichuan orange peel. For example, the humidity is too low for aging. For another example, excessive humidity can cause the peel to mildew after drying. Therefore, the humidity of the aging process needs to be controlled within a second preset humidity range.

In some embodiments, the second predetermined humidity may be in the range of 50% -65%. In some embodiments, the second predetermined humidity may be in the range of 52% -63%. In some embodiments, the second predetermined humidity may be in the range of 54% -61%. In some embodiments, the second predetermined humidity may be in the range of 56% -59%. In some embodiments, the second predetermined humidity may be in the range of 57% -58%.

In some embodiments, the ambient temperature and ambient humidity of the aging process may be controlled by the control system to be within a second predetermined temperature and a second predetermined humidity range, respectively. For a description of the control system and a control process thereof, reference may be made to descriptions of other parts (for example, fig. 3, fig. 4 and related descriptions thereof) of the present specification, and details are not repeated herein.

In some embodiments, the aging treatment may be performed indoors or in a closed environment (e.g., a closed space or a closed container) to reduce volatilization of the volatile oil, to retain as much of the volatile oil component (e.g., linalool, limonene) of the citrus peel as possible, and to retain its medicinal efficacy.

In some embodiments, the concentration of the volatile oil component (e.g., linalool, limonene) in the aging environment (e.g., enclosed space or enclosed container) is maintained at a level not lower than a predetermined threshold value to reduce the volatile loss of the volatile oil component during aging process, so as to retain the volatile oil component in the citrus peel to a maximum extent.

In some embodiments, the concentration of linalool in the aging environment may not be below a second preset threshold. In some embodiments, the second preset threshold may be greater than 0.01%. In some embodiments, the second preset threshold may be greater than 0.03%. In some embodiments, the second preset threshold may be greater than 0.05%. In some embodiments, the second preset threshold may be greater than 0.08%. In some embodiments, the second preset threshold may be greater than 0.1%. In some embodiments, the second preset threshold may be greater than 0.15%. In some embodiments, the second preset threshold may be greater than 0.2%. In some embodiments, the second preset threshold may be greater than 0.25%. In some embodiments, the second preset threshold may be greater than 0.3%.

In some embodiments, the limonene concentration in the aging environment may not be below a fourth preset threshold. In some embodiments, the fourth preset threshold may be greater than 1%. In some embodiments, the fourth preset threshold may be greater than 2%. In some embodiments, the fourth preset threshold may be greater than 3%. In some embodiments, the fourth preset threshold may be greater than 4%. In some embodiments, the fourth preset threshold may be greater than 5%. In some embodiments, the fourth preset threshold may be greater than 6%. In some embodiments, the fourth preset threshold may be greater than 7%. In some embodiments, the fourth preset threshold may be greater than 8%. In some embodiments, the fourth preset threshold may be greater than 9%. In some embodiments, the fourth preset threshold may be greater than 10%.

In some embodiments, the concentration of the volatile oil component in the aging environment may be maintained by performing a rolling line process on the dried pericarp meeting the first predetermined condition. Generally speaking, the volatile oil components of the pericarp are relatively high in the early aging period, and the volatile oil components volatilized into the environment are correspondingly high. As the aging process progresses, the content of various volatile oil components in the pericarp is lost to a certain extent, and the volatile oil volatilized into the environment is less and less. In order to fully utilize various volatile oil components volatilized to the environment, the pericarp of each stage can be introduced to be aged in a closed environment. For example, assume a predetermined aging time T ₂ (T ₂ The specific setting number of the fruit peel aging system can be determined according to factors such as experience, aging environment and season, climate and the like), a plurality of different batches of fruit peels subjected to the prior process treatment (for example, pretreatment and drying treatment) can be put into the aging environment for aging according to a certain time arrangement according to needs. And after the fruit peels are taken out after the aging is finished, the next batch of new fruit peels subjected to the previous process treatment is supplemented. By the method, the pericarp with higher volatile oil content can be ensured to provide volatile components in the closed environment, and the concentration of linalool and/or limonene and the like in the closed environment is ensured. Specifically, in some embodiments, in the aging environment, there are at least two different batches of dried pericarp meeting the first predetermined condition, and the time difference between the two different batches of pericarp entering the aging environment is at least greater than the predetermined aging time T ₂ 1/3 of (a). Furthermore, the time difference between the different batches of peels entering the aging environment is at least greater than the preset aging time T ₂ 2/5 of (1). Further, of different batchesThe time difference of the peel entering the aging environment is at least larger than the preset aging time T ₂ 1/2 of (1). Furthermore, the time difference between the aging treatment environment and the time when the different batches of pericarp enter the aging treatment environment is at least greater than the preset aging time T ₂ 3/5 of (a). Furthermore, the time difference between the different batches of peels entering the aging environment is at least greater than the preset aging time T ₂ 7/10 of (1). Furthermore, the time difference between the different batches of peels entering the aging environment is at least greater than the preset aging time T ₂ 4/5 of (1). Furthermore, the time difference between the different batches of peels entering the aging environment is at least greater than the preset aging time T ₂ 9/10 of (1). Furthermore, the time difference between the different batches of peels entering the aging environment is at least greater than the preset aging time T ₂ 。

In some embodiments, in order to ensure the concentration of linalool and/or limonene in the aging environment, some already treated citrus peels or some peels removed in the pretreatment and/or drying treatment stages may be stacked, and the treated citrus peels or the removed peels are used to ensure that the concentration of linalool and/or limonene satisfies the preset threshold value for the aging environment. In order to ensure the concentration of linalool and/or limonene in the aging environment, some products containing linalool and/or limonene after processing and purification can be added in the aging environment. However, due to the consideration of quality and efficacy, the source of linalool and/or limonene in the aging environment preferentially considers the linalool and/or limonene spontaneously generated in the process, and the linalool and/or limonene is fully utilized through recovery and the like.

If the aging environment is located in an excessively large enclosure, in some embodiments, the peel may be further placed in a smaller enclosure or container. For example, it is possible to construct at least one greenhouse in a large enclosed space using polyethylene film, and at least one smaller enclosed environment in which the concentration of linalool and/or limonene is ensured using the method discussed above. In some embodiments, an air inlet and an air outlet may be provided in each greenhouse, and the greenhouse is charged with pre-collected gas satisfying the linalool and/or limonene concentration requirement in a cyclic inflation manner, so as to ensure the linalool and/or limonene concentration in the aging environment. In some embodiments, the temperature and/or humidity within each greenhouse may be controlled by a control system to meet the temperature and/or temperature required for the aging process.

In some embodiments, the aging process may be performed in an aging vessel, and the concentration of linalool in the aging vessel may not be less than a second preset threshold. In some embodiments, the gas within the aging vessel may be collected and reused. For example, the gas in the aging vessel (e.g., the first aging vessel) after a predetermined aging time may be collected and introduced into another aging vessel (e.g., the second aging vessel) for reuse. The collected gas contains volatile oil components, so that the volatile oil volatilization amount of the pericarp in the aging process in the aging container can be reduced to a certain extent, the aging environments in a plurality of aging containers can be the same, and the consistency of the aging quality is ensured.

In some embodiments, the aging process (or storage) may be performed in a natural environment. In some embodiments, the aging (or storage) is performed in a geographically high, hygienic, air-dried warehouse. In some embodiments, the peel with a moisture content of less than 13% can be placed in a sealed container and stored for aging at a temperature of 6-32 deg.C and a humidity of no more than 65%. The volatile components are stored at the temperature lower than 6 ℃, so that the volatile components are slow to reduce, and are not beneficial to aging; storage at a temperature higher than 32 ℃ easily causes the dried orange peel to burn, mildew and the like. If the humidity exceeds 65%, the dried orange peel is easy to mildew and the like. In some embodiments, the storage is performed at a temperature of 8-28 ℃ and a humidity of no more than 65% for aging.

In some embodiments, the sealed container is a sealed container meeting food sanitation and safety requirements, and having air permeability, no pollution and no peculiar smell. In some embodiments, the sealed container is cleaned, sterilized, disinfected and deodorized before use to ensure no source of pest, no foreign matter and no odor. In some embodiments, the sealed container may comprise a glass jar, a ceramic jar, a clay jar, or the like.

In some embodiments, peels having a moisture content of less than 13% may be placed in a sealed container with the white portion down and the red portion up, in a flat stack.

In some embodiments, aging occurs for more than one year. In some embodiments, during the aging process, the peels may also be turned and back-dried. Aging can remove fire smell of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and the smell turns to mild and mellow, and the color turns to dark. In some embodiments, aging occurs for one year, two years, three years, five years, and the like. The more old the orange peel is, the more precious it is.

One embodiment of the specification provides a Sichuan tangerine peel.

The Sichuan tangerine peel prepared by the method for preparing Sichuan tangerine peel can be used as genuine medicinal materials in a Chinese medicinal formula. For example, the traditional Chinese medicine composition can be used in traditional Chinese medicine formulas which have the functions of regulating qi and strengthening spleen or are mainly used for treating dampness and phlegm, abdominal distension, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea, cough and excessive phlegm and the like.

Chuan Chenpi is a good herb for regulating qi, strengthening spleen, eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm, and the action of the fragrant component is very important. The traditional Chinese medicine holds that the aroma can eliminate dampness and dissolve turbidity and regulate qi activity. The Chuan Chen Pi has strong fragrance and good curative effect. The main functional components of the Sichuan tangerine peel are volatile oil and flavonoid substances, and the content of the volatile oil and the flavonoid substances determines the quality and the efficacy of the Sichuan tangerine peel.

In some embodiments, the citrus peel comprises flavonoids such as hesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and the like. The hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin have obvious antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor effects.

In some embodiments, the total flavonoid content of the citrus peel is high. In some embodiments, the content of nobiletin in the Sichuan citrus peel is 10 to 30 times of the total flavone content in citrus peels made from other citrus peels. Nobiletin has wide pharmacological action, has effects of resisting hemagglutination, thrombosis, cancer, fungus, inflammation, pain, allergy, cholinesterase and epilepsy, and is carbohydrate metabolism promoter. Nobiletin can also improve local microcirculation and nutrition supply, and can be used for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In some embodiments, the content of tangeretin in the citrus peel from Chuan is 5 to 20 times greater than the content of tangeretin in citrus peels made from other citrus peels.

The effective components and content of Chuan tangerine peel are different from those of other tangerine peels, and the action of Chuan tangerine peel is also different from that of other tangerine peels. The pericarpium Citri Tangerinae has effects of regulating qi-flowing, eliminating dampness, and eliminating phlegm. The pericarpium Citri Tangerinae contains flavonoids and volatile oil. In some embodiments, the volatile oil component may comprise linalool, limonene, and the like.

Linalool is an aromatic substance, and has analgesic, anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, blood pressure lowering, liver protecting, and antidepressant effects. Because the proportion of linalool in the Sichuan pericarpium citri reticulatae is relatively high and the Sichuan pericarpium citri reticulatae is matched with other various fragrant components, the Sichuan pericarpium citri reticulatae has very unique and strong fragrance which is incomparable with other types of pericarpium citri reticulatae. Wherein, the fragrance can eliminate dampness and remove turbidity, and regulate qi activity. Linalool has analgesic, antianxiety, sedative hypnotic, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, blood pressure lowering, liver protecting, and antidepressant effects.

The content of linalool in the Sichuan tangerine peel prepared by the embodiment of the specification can be within the range of 5.70-15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 6.0% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 6.5% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 7% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 7.5% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 8.0% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 8.5% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content can be in the range of 9.0% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 9.5% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 10.0% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 10.5% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 11.0% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 11.5% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 12.0% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 12.5% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 13.0% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 13.5% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content can be in the range of 14.0% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content can be in the range of 14.5% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 15.0% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 15.2% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content can be in the range of 15.4% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 15.6% to 15.99%. In some embodiments, the linalool content may be in the range of 15.8% to 15.99%.

Limonene can stimulate bronchus to cause glandular secretion increase, and sputum is easy to expectorate, so that the effects of reducing phlegm and moistening lung are achieved. The content of limonene in the Sichuan tangerine peel prepared by the embodiment of the specification can be within a range of 67.83% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 68% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 69% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 70% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in a range of 71% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 72% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 73% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 74% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 75% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content may be in the range of 76% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 77% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 78% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 79% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 80% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 80.5% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 81% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 81.5% -82.2%. In some embodiments, the limonene content can be in the range of 82% -82.2%.

The content of nobiletin in the Sichuan tangerine peel prepared by the embodiment of the specification can be more than 2.9mg/g. In some embodiments, the nobiletin content can be greater than 3mg/g. In some embodiments, the nobiletin content may be greater than 3.2mg/g. In some embodiments, the nobiletin content can be greater than 3.4mg/g. In some embodiments, the nobiletin content can be greater than 3.6mg/g. In some embodiments, the nobiletin content can be greater than 3.8mg/g. In some embodiments, the nobiletin content can be greater than 4mg/g.

In some embodiments, the citrus chevrolens is clover-shaped. The Sichuan tangerine peel in the shape of the four petal flowers is also called as Sihua tangerine peel, the base parts of the Sihua tangerine peel are connected, the thickness of the Sihua tangerine peel is about 1 mm, the color of the Sihua tangerine peel is dark red or brownish red, the Sihua tangerine peel is bright, the inner layer is light yellow and white, the Sichuan tangerine peel is often provided with tangerine peel residues which are easily stripped in a linear shape, the texture is crisp and is easily broken, and the Sihua tangerine peel has obvious spicy fragrance. Because the pericarpium citri reticulatae is thin and soft, the pericarpium citri reticulatae can be cut into superfine pericarpium citri reticulatae shreds after being washed and moistened. In the traditional Chinese medicine formula, the using amount of the dried orange peel is usually one dried orange peel, half dried orange peel or one quarter dried orange peel. If the medicine is prepared according to the weight, the weight of the dried orange peel is changed after moisture absorption because the dried orange peel is easy to absorb moisture, and the dosage of the dried orange peel is difficult to determine. The pericarpium citri reticulatae has four parts with approximately same parts, and each part is easy to separate, so that the pericarpium citri reticulatae is more convenient and easier to quantify when being used as a medicinal material.

It should be noted that the above description of the process 100 is for illustration and description only, and does not limit the scope of the application of the present disclosure. Various modifications and alterations to process 100 will become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the present description. However, such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the present description.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary control system, according to some embodiments of the present description.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, control system 300 may include a sensing assembly 310, an adjustment assembly 320, and a control assembly 330.

In some embodiments, the sensing component 310 can include at least one temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the process (e.g., drying process, aging process) environment and sending the monitored ambient temperature to the control component 330. In some embodiments, the at least one temperature sensor may comprise at least one first temperature sensor and at least one second temperature sensor. In some embodiments, the at least one temperature sensor may include, but is not limited to, an infrared thermometer.

In some embodiments, when the drying and/or aging process is performed in a closed environment, an automatic scanning infrared thermometer may be disposed in the closed environment, and the processed pericarp is scanned according to a preset frequency and route, so as to reduce the cost and improve the monitoring efficiency.

In some embodiments, the sensing component 310 can also include at least one humidity sensor for monitoring the humidity of the process (e.g., drying process, aging process) environment and sending the monitored ambient humidity to the control component 330. In some embodiments, the at least one humidity sensor may include at least one first humidity sensor and at least one second humidity sensor.

In some embodiments, the sensing component 310 can also include at least one weight sensor for monitoring the real-time weight of the peel during the process (e.g., drying process) and sending the monitored real-time weight of the peel to the control component 330.

In some embodiments, the sensing component 310 can be located in a process (e.g., drying process, aging process) environment. For example, the at least one first temperature sensor and the at least one first humidity sensor may be located in an environment of the drying process (e.g., within the drying vessel). For another example, the at least one second temperature sensor and the at least one second humidity sensor may be located in the environment of the aging process (e.g., within the aging vessel). For another example, the at least one weight sensor may be located within the closed container (e.g., the drying container) below the fruit skin (e.g., below the tanning bed).

In some embodiments, the conditioning assembly 320 may include at least one temperature adjustment mechanism for adjusting the temperature of the processing (e.g., drying, aging) environment to be within a predetermined temperature range. In some embodiments, the at least one temperature adjustment mechanism may include at least one first temperature adjustment mechanism and at least one second temperature adjustment mechanism. For example, the at least one first temperature adjustment mechanism may be adapted to adjust the ambient temperature of the drying process to be within a first predetermined temperature range. For another example, at least one second temperature adjustment mechanism may be used to adjust the ambient temperature of the aging process to be within a second preset temperature range.

In some embodiments, the at least one temperature adjustment mechanism may include at least one heating component and at least one cooling component. In some embodiments, the at least one heating element may include, but is not limited to, a surface heat source, which may enable the process environment to be heated uniformly. In some embodiments, the at least one cooling component may include, but is not limited to, a cooling medium (e.g., water) circulation device. In some embodiments, the at least one temperature adjustment mechanism may further comprise a heating and cooling all-in-one machine (e.g., an air conditioner).

In some embodiments, at least one temperature regulating mechanism may be located above and/or below the peel. For example, the at least one temperature adjustment mechanism may be evenly distributed above and below the tanning bed.

In some embodiments, conditioning assembly 320 may include at least one humidity conditioning mechanism for conditioning the humidity of the processing (e.g., drying, aging) environment to within a preset humidity range. In some embodiments, the at least one humidity adjustment mechanism may include at least one first humidity adjustment mechanism and at least one second humidity adjustment mechanism. For example, the at least one first humidity adjustment mechanism may be used to adjust the ambient humidity of the drying process to be within a first preset humidity range. For another example, at least one second humidity adjustment mechanism may be used to adjust the ambient humidity of the aging process to be within a second predetermined humidity range.

In some embodiments, the at least one humidity adjustment mechanism may include at least one humidifying component and at least one dehumidifying component. In some embodiments, the at least one humidifying component may include, but is not limited to, a humidifier. In some embodiments, the at least one dehumidification component may include, but is not limited to, a dehumidifier.

In some embodiments, the control assembly 330 may include at least one control unit. In some embodiments, the at least one control unit may be coupled to the at least one temperature adjustment mechanism and/or the at least one humidity adjustment mechanism to control the ambient temperature and/or the ambient humidity of the process (e.g., drying process, aging process) to be within a preset temperature and/or a preset humidity range. For example, the control component 330 may control the at least one first temperature adjustment mechanism based on the at least one first temperature sensor monitoring the resulting ambient temperature of the drying process to be within a first predetermined temperature range. For another example, the control component 330 may control the at least one first humidity adjustment mechanism based on the at least one first humidity sensor monitoring the obtained ambient humidity of the drying process, so that the ambient humidity of the drying process is within a first preset humidity range. For another example, control component 330 may control at least one second temperature adjustment mechanism based on at least one second temperature sensor monitoring the resulting ambient temperature of the aging process such that the ambient temperature of the aging process is within a second predetermined temperature range. For another example, the control component 330 may control the at least one second humidity adjustment mechanism based on the at least one second humidity sensor monitoring the resulting aged ambient humidity such that the aged ambient humidity is within a second predetermined humidity range. For the description of the control process, reference may be made to the description of other parts (for example, fig. 4 and its related description) in this specification, and details are not repeated here.

In some embodiments, the control assembly 330 may compare the real-time weight of the peel monitored by the weight sensor to a predetermined peel weight during the resulting drying process. When the real-time weight of the peel is greater than the predetermined peel weight, the control assembly 330 can control the drying process to continue (e.g., keep the sensing assembly 310 and the adjustment mechanism 320 operating). When the real-time weight of the fruit peel is not greater than the preset weight of the fruit peel, the control component 330 may control to stop the drying process (e.g., control the first temperature adjusting mechanism and the first humidity adjusting mechanism to stop working, or send a warning sound such as "end of drying process").

In some embodiments, the control system 300 may also include a storage component (not shown). The storage component may store data, instructions, and/or any other information. In some embodiments, the storage component may store data and/or information related to the preparation of citrus peel. For example, the storage component may store data and/or instructions related to drying process parameters (e.g., a first preset temperature, a first preset humidity, a preset peel weight) and aging process parameters (e.g., a second preset temperature, a second preset humidity) involved in the preparation of the pericarpium citri reticulatae to complete the preparation method of the exemplary pericarpium citri reticulatae described in the embodiments of the present specification.

In some embodiments, the storage component may be networked to communicate with one or more components (e.g., sensing component 310, control component 330, etc.) in the control system 300. One or more components in control system 300 (e.g., control component 330, etc.) may read data or instructions in a storage component over a network.

In some embodiments, the control system 300 may also include a display component (not shown). In some embodiments, the display component can display the process parameters (drying process parameters, aging process parameters) and peel information (e.g., peel morphology, peel color, peel weight), etc. in real time.

It should be noted that the above description of the control system 300 is for convenience of description only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, given the teachings of the present system, any combination of components or sub-system may be configured to connect to other components without departing from such teachings.

FIG. 4 is a workflow diagram of an exemplary control system according to some embodiments of the present description. As can be seen from fig. 3 and the related description, the control system can control the ambient temperature and the ambient humidity of the drying process and the aging process. For convenience of description, the following will describe a process of controlling the ambient temperature of the drying process as an example.

At step 410, a first temperature sensor monitors the ambient temperature of the drying process.

Reference may be made to other parts of this description (e.g., fig. 3 and its associated description) for a description of the first temperature sensor. The first temperature sensor may send the monitored ambient temperature of the drying process to the control component.

Step 420, monitoring whether the obtained ambient temperature of the drying process is within a first preset temperature range.

The control component may compare the monitored ambient temperature of the drying process with a first predetermined temperature range. If the obtained ambient temperature of the drying process is monitored to be within the first preset temperature range, the process returns to step 410 to continue monitoring the ambient temperature of the drying process. If the monitored ambient temperature of the drying process is not within the first predetermined temperature range, step 430 is performed.

Step 430, controlling the first temperature adjustment mechanism.

For a description of the first temperature adjustment mechanism, reference may be made to other parts of the description (e.g., fig. 3 and its associated description). In some embodiments, if the monitored ambient temperature of the drying process is lower than the first predetermined temperature range, the control component may control a parameter related to the surface heat source (e.g., increase the heating power) to raise the ambient temperature to be within the first predetermined temperature range. In some embodiments, if the monitored ambient temperature of the drying process is higher than the first predetermined temperature range, the control component may control a parameter related to the surface heat source (e.g., decrease the heating power) or a parameter related to the cooling medium circulation device (e.g., increase the flow rate of the cooling medium) to decrease the ambient temperature to be within the first predetermined temperature range. Step 410 may be performed simultaneously with the control of the first temperature adjustment mechanism to adjust the ambient temperature of the drying process.

It should be noted that the above description related to the flow 400 is only for illustration and description, and does not limit the applicable scope of the present specification. Various modifications and changes to flow 400 will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of this description. However, such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the present description.

The following examples were conducted in the manner of conventional operation unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples were all purchased from commercial Biochemical industries, inc., unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

Selecting scarlet fruit of clovershrub (Citrus reticulata Blanco, fl. Filip.), namely fruit with over 80 percent of pericarp showing red color. The fruit is required to have less sand grains and pockmarks, no worm damage, no rot and no mildew. Soaking mature fruit in one thousandth of flour water solution, kneading the mature fruit with special cotton mop while soaking for at least 30min, and washing the mature fruit with water; and (4) sucking water on the surface of the fruit by using clean cotton cloth. The method comprises the steps of longitudinally cutting the peel from the top of a cleaned ripe fruit to the fruit base without scratching the pulp, separating the peel from the pulp, and forming the separated peel into a four-petal flower shape. Placing the peel on a loose and air-permeable cushion woven by bamboo strips as a bed in a manner that the white parts of the peel face upwards and are not overlapped with each other, and naturally airing the cushion at room temperature (about 8-20 ℃) in the sunlight. The bed is placed in the sun in the daytime and is moved back to the warehouse at night, so that the peels are prevented from being wetted. Turning over the peel during airing until the peel is dried, wherein the water content of the peel is lower than 13%. Stacking the dried pericarps together in a way that the white part is downward and the red part is upward and flatly, putting the stacked pericarps into a storage container which meets the food sanitation and safety requirements, has air permeability, no pollution and no peculiar smell, and storing and aging for more than one year in a warehouse with the temperature of 8-28 ℃ and the humidity of not more than 65 percent. The warehouse is arranged in a place with higher terrain, sanitation and safety, is ventilated and dried, is provided with a sunning ground and a working room, and is convenient for turning piles and re-sunning operation. The warehouse has been previously subjected to cleaning, insecticidal and disinfection treatment. The storage containers are stacked in the warehouse at a distance of more than 10cm from the ground and more than 20cm from the wall.

Aging for one year to obtain the product. Randomly sampling and inspecting the obtained finished product of the Sichuan tangerine peel.

Example 2

Selecting the Chinese rhubarb fruit of clovershrub (Citrus reticulata Blanco, fl. Filip.), namely, less than 80 percent and more than 50 percent of the fruit with red peel. The fruit is required to have less sand grains and pockmarks, no worm damage, no rot and no mildew. Soaking mature fruit in one thousandth of flour water solution, kneading the mature fruit with special cotton mop while soaking for at least 30min, and washing the mature fruit with water; and (4) sucking water on the surface of the fruit by using clean cotton cloth. The method comprises the steps of longitudinally cutting the peel from the top of a cleaned ripe fruit to the fruit base without scratching the pulp, separating the peel from the pulp, and forming the separated peel into a four-petal flower shape. Placing the peel on a loose and air-permeable cushion woven by bamboo strips as a bed in a manner that the white parts of the peel face upwards and are not overlapped with each other, and naturally airing the cushion at room temperature (about 8-20 ℃) in the sunlight. The bed is placed in the sun in the daytime and is moved back to the warehouse at night, so that the peels are prevented from being wetted. Turning over the peel during the airing period until the peel is dried completely, wherein the water content of the peel is lower than 13%. The dried peels are piled up in a pile in a mode that the white part is downward and the red part is upward and flatly spread, and are put into a storage container which meets the food sanitation and safety requirements and has air permeability, no pollution and no peculiar smell, and the storage and the aging are carried out for more than one year in a warehouse with the temperature of 8-28 ℃ and the humidity of not more than 65 percent. The warehouse is arranged in a place with higher topography and sanitation and safety, is ventilated and dried, and is provided with a sunning ground and a workshop, so that the operations of turning piles and re-sunning are convenient. The warehouse has been previously subjected to cleaning, insecticidal and disinfection treatment. The storage containers are stacked in the warehouse at a distance of more than 10cm from the ground and more than 20cm from the wall.

Aging for one year to obtain the product. Randomly performing spot inspection on the obtained Sichuan tangerine peel finished product.

Example 3

The method is characterized in that winter solstice peel fruits of clovershrub (Citrus reticulata Blanco, fl. Filip.) are selected, namely, the peel of the winter solstice fruits picked after winter solstice is dark red. The fruit is required to have less sand grains and pockmarks, no worm damage, no rot and no mildew. Soaking mature fruit in one thousandth of flour water solution, kneading the mature fruit with special cotton mop while soaking for at least 30min, and washing the mature fruit with water; the water on the surface of the fruit is sucked dry by using clean cotton cloth. The method comprises the steps of longitudinally cutting the peel from the top of a cleaned ripe fruit to the fruit base without scratching the pulp, separating the peel from the pulp, and forming the separated peel into a four-petal flower shape. Placing the peel on a loose and air-permeable cushion made of bamboo strips as a bed with white parts upward and without overlapping, and naturally airing at room temperature (about 8-20 deg.C) in sunlight. The sunny bed is placed in the sun in the daytime and is moved back to the warehouse at night, so that the peels are prevented from being wetted. When the weather is rainy, the sunning bed is placed on an electric blanket, the temperature is lower than 30 ℃, the cotton quilt is covered on the sunning bed to dry the moisture, and the sunning bed is moved out of the room to be dried in the sun when the weather is good; turning over the peel during the airing period until the peel is dried completely, wherein the water content of the peel is lower than 13%. The dried peels are piled up in a pile in a mode that the white part is downward and the red part is upward and flatly spread, and are put into a storage container which meets the food sanitation and safety requirements and has air permeability, no pollution and no peculiar smell, and the storage and the aging are carried out for more than one year in a warehouse with the temperature of 8-28 ℃ and the humidity of not more than 65 percent. The warehouse is arranged in a place with higher topography and sanitation and safety, is ventilated and dried, and is provided with a sunning ground and a workshop, so that the operations of turning piles and re-sunning are convenient. The warehouse has been previously subjected to cleaning, insecticidal and disinfection treatment. The storage containers are stacked in the warehouse at a distance of more than 10cm from the ground and more than 20cm from the wall.

The detection results of the dried orange peels of examples 1 to 3 are as follows:

sensory indexes are as follows:

appearance of the product	The appearance is clean and tidy, and no foreign impurities can be seen by naked eyes
		Smell and taste	Has the special fragrance of the dried orange peel and no peculiar smell; pungent and bitter in flavor

Physical and chemical indexes:

item	Index (es)
		Water content, g/100g	≤13.0
Hesperidin%	≥2.5
		Arsenic (As), mg/kg	≤2.0
Lead (in Pb), mg/kg	≤0.95
		Copper (in terms of Cu), mg/kg	≤20.0
Cadmium (in Cd), mg/kg	≤1.0
		Mercury (in Hg), mg/kg	≤0.2

Note:

the sensory index is tested by visual inspection, olfaction method and taste method.

The water content is tested according to the method specified in GB 5009.3.

The hesperidin is tested according to the method listed in the item for measuring the content of the dried orange peel in pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China.

Arsenic was tested according to the method specified in GB 5009.11.

Lead was tested according to the method specified in GB 5009.12.

Copper was tested according to the method specified in GB 5009.13.

Cadmium is tested according to the method specified in GB 5009.15.

The mercury is tested according to the method specified in GB 5009.17.

Volatile oil components:

extracting volatile oil components of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae by steam distillation (SD method) and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae of Xinhui as control. Detecting the content of limonene and linalool in the volatile oil by gas chromatography.

Chromatographic conditions are as follows: restek Rxi-5ms quartz capillary columns (0.25 mm x 30m,0.25 μm); the injection port temperature is 250 ℃; temperature programming: starting temperature of 50 deg.C, holding for 1min, programming to 140 deg.C at 5 deg.C/min, holding for 1min, and then heating at 10 deg.C/min ^-l The temperature is raised to 200 ℃ and kept for 3min. The sample volume is 1 mu L; the split ratio is 1:60; the carrier gas helium.

Measuring the percentage content of the limonene and the linalool: taking 3 batches of Sichuan pericarpium citri reticulatae and 3 parts of Xinhui pericarpium citri reticulatae volatile oil samples serving as a control, precisely sucking 0.2ml of the volatile oil samples, adding acetone to dissolve the volatile oil samples, fixing the volume in a 5ml measuring flask, and uniformly shaking the volatile oil samples to serve as test sample solutions for measuring the percentage content of the limonene and the linalool. Precisely sucking 2 mu L of the test solution, injecting into a gas chromatograph, measuring, and recording the percentage content of the three components.

Volatile oil component	Linalool	Limonene
			Chuan Tangerine Peel	5.70-15.99％	67.83-82.2％
Xinhui dried orange peel	0.09-0.16％	49.77-53.29％

As can be seen from the above table, the effective component of linalool contained in Chuan tangerine peel is 60 to 100 times that of Guang tangerine peel.

Nobiletin:

detecting the content of nobiletin by high performance liquid chromatography.

Preparation of control solutions: taking appropriate amount of nobiletin reference substance respectively, and preparing into single component reference substance stock solution containing 10 μ g of nobiletin per 1 ml.

Preparation of a test solution: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, sieving with 60 mesh sieve, placing into conical flask with plug, adding methanol, sealing, weighing, ultrasonic processing (power 300W, frequency 40 kHz) for 45 min, cooling, weighing, supplementing the weight loss with methanol, shaking, filtering, and collecting filtrate.

The determination method comprises the following steps: precisely sucking 5 μ l of each of the reference solution and the sample solution, injecting into liquid chromatograph, and measuring.

High performance liquid chromatography conditions: a chromatographic column: c18 (4.6X 250mm,5 μm); column temperature: 20 ℃; mobile phase: the mobile phase A is acetonitrile, and the mobile phase B is water; the procedure was followed for gradient elution as follows: flow rate: 0.8ml/min; sample introduction amount: 10 mu l of the mixture; operating time: 65min; a detector: a DAD detector; detection wavelength: 280nm.

Time (minutes)	Mobile phase A (%)	Mobile phase B (%)
			0	5	95
30	25	75
			55	95	5
65	95	5

The content of nobiletin in the Sichuan tangerine peel in the embodiments 1-3 is more than 2.9mg/g.

Having thus described the basic concept, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed disclosure is to be regarded as illustrative only and not as limiting the present specification. Various modifications, improvements and adaptations to the present description may occur to those skilled in the art, though not explicitly described herein. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be suggested in this specification, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this specification.

Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Other variations are also possible within the scope of the present description. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, alternative configurations of the embodiments of the specification can be considered consistent with the teachings of the specification. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present description are not limited to only those embodiments explicitly described and depicted herein.

It should be noted that different embodiments may produce different advantages, and in different embodiments, the advantages that may be produced may be any one or combination of the above, or may be any other advantages that may be obtained.

Having thus described the basic concept, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed disclosure is to be considered as illustrative only and not limiting, of the present invention. Various modifications, improvements and adaptations to the present description may occur to those skilled in the art, although not explicitly described herein. Such modifications, improvements and adaptations are proposed in the present specification and thus fall within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present specification.

Also, the description uses specific words to describe embodiments of the description. Reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means a feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with at least one embodiment of the specification. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, some features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the specification may be combined as appropriate.

Additionally, the order in which the elements and sequences of the process are recited in the specification, the use of alphanumeric characters, or other designations, is not intended to limit the order in which the processes and methods of the specification occur, unless otherwise specified in the claims. While various presently contemplated embodiments have been discussed in the foregoing disclosure by way of example, it should be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the embodiments herein. For example, although the system components described above may be implemented by hardware devices, they may also be implemented by software-only solutions, such as installing the described system on an existing server or mobile device.

Similarly, it should be noted that in the foregoing description of embodiments of the specification, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in the understanding of one or more of the embodiments. This method of disclosure, however, is not intended to imply that more features are required than are expressly recited in the claims. Indeed, the embodiments may be characterized as having less than all of the features of a single disclosed embodiment.

Numerals describing the number of components, attributes, etc. are used in some embodiments, it being understood that such numerals used in the description of the embodiments are modified in some instances by the use of the modifier "about", "approximately" or "substantially". Unless otherwise indicated, "about", "approximately" or "substantially" indicates that the number allows a variation of ± 20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties of the individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameter should take into account the specified significant digits and employ a general digit-preserving approach. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the range are approximations, in the specific examples, such numerical values are set forth as precisely as possible within the scope of the application.

For each patent, patent application publication, and other material, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, documents, etc., cited in this specification, the entire contents of each are hereby incorporated by reference into this specification. Except where the application history document does not conform to or conflict with the contents of the present specification, it is to be understood that the application history document, as used herein in the present specification or appended claims, is intended to define the broadest scope of the present specification (whether presently or later in the specification) rather than the broadest scope of the present specification. It is to be understood that the descriptions, definitions and/or uses of terms in the accompanying materials of the present specification shall control if they are inconsistent or inconsistent with the statements and/or uses of the present specification.

Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Other variations are also possible within the scope of the present description. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, alternative configurations of the embodiments of the present specification can be seen as consistent with the teachings of the present specification. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present description are not limited to only those embodiments explicitly described and depicted herein.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the Sichuan tangerine peel is characterized by comprising the following steps:

drying the peels which meet first preset conditions at a first preset temperature and within a first preset humidity range; and

aging the dried pericarp meeting the first preset condition at a second preset temperature and within a second preset humidity range to obtain the pericarpium Citri Tangerinae,

the linalool content of the Sichuan tangerine peel is within the range of 5.70-15.99%.

2. The method for preparing Sichuan tangerine peel according to claim 1, wherein the content of limonene in Sichuan tangerine peel is within the range of 67.83% -82.2%.

3. The method for preparing Chuanchenpi as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of Chuanchenpi essence is greater than 2.9mg/g.

4. The method for preparing Sichuan tangerine peel according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of linalool in the drying environment is not lower than a first predetermined threshold.

5. The method for preparing Sichuan tangerine peel according to claim 1, wherein the linalool concentration in the aging environment is not lower than a second predetermined threshold.

6. The method of producing Sichuan-style dried orange peel according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the drying process is monitored by a first temperature sensor, and the first temperature control means is controlled based on the ambient temperature of the drying process monitored by the first temperature sensor.

7. The method of producing Sichuan-style dried orange peel according to claim 1, wherein the humidity of the drying process is monitored by a first humidity sensor, and the first humidity control means is controlled based on the humidity of the environment of the drying process monitored by the first humidity sensor.

8. The method for preparing Sichuan tangerine peel according to claim 1, wherein the first predetermined temperature is 0-50 ℃ and the first predetermined humidity is 0-80%.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight of the pericarp is monitored by a weight sensor during the drying process, and the drying process is stopped when the weight of the pericarp reaches a predetermined pericarp weight.

10. The method for producing Sichuan-style dried orange peel according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the aging treatment is monitored by a second temperature sensor, and a second temperature adjusting means is controlled based on the ambient temperature of the aging treatment monitored by the second temperature sensor.

11. The method for producing Sichuan-style dried orange peel according to claim 1, wherein the humidity of the aging treatment is monitored by a second humidity sensor, and a second humidity control means is controlled based on the humidity of the environment of the aging treatment monitored by the second humidity sensor.

12. The method for preparing Sichuan tangerine peel according to claim 1, wherein the second predetermined temperature is 6-32 ℃ and the second predetermined humidity is 50-65%.

13. The preparation method of Sichuan tangerine peel according to claim 1, wherein the aging treatment is performed in an aging container, the concentration of linalool in the aging container is not lower than a second predetermined threshold, and the gas in the aging container is collected and recycled.

14. The method for preparing Sichuan tangerine peel according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of limonene in the drying environment is not lower than a third predetermined threshold.

15. The preparation method of Sichuan tangerine peel according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of limonene in the aging environment is not lower than a fourth predetermined threshold.