CN115381088A - Compound extraction process of mushroom components and application thereof - Google Patents

Compound extraction process of mushroom components and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115381088A
CN115381088A CN202210715039.6A CN202210715039A CN115381088A CN 115381088 A CN115381088 A CN 115381088A CN 202210715039 A CN202210715039 A CN 202210715039A CN 115381088 A CN115381088 A CN 115381088A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
mushroom
extraction process
components according
treatment
cooking
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Pending
Application number
CN202210715039.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
唐小惠
罗楠
罗立绮
张谦
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Shenzhen Weiling Keban Biotechnology Co ltd
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Shenzhen Weiling Keban Biotechnology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202210715039.6A priority Critical patent/CN115381088A/en
Publication of CN115381088A publication Critical patent/CN115381088A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L31/00Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/06Enzymes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/40Colouring or decolouring of foods
    • A23L5/41Retaining or modifying natural colour by use of additives, e.g. optical brighteners
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of A23L, in particular to a composite extraction process of mushroom components and application thereof. The invention provides a composite extraction process of mushroom components, aiming at the problems of low dissolution rate and extraction rate of mushroom active components and damaged activity of nutrient substances in the existing mushroom extraction process, avoiding the use of organic solvents, being safe and environment-friendly, greatly improving the dissolution rate and extraction rate of the active components in mushrooms, simultaneously shortening the extraction time and improving the extraction efficiency.

Description

Compound extraction process of mushroom components and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of A23L, in particular to a composite extraction process of mushroom components and application thereof.
Background
The mushroom is a general term of most edible mushrooms, common mushrooms include flammulina velutipes, oyster mushrooms, coprinus comatus, shiitake mushrooms, agrocybe cylindracea and the like, and precious matsutake mushrooms and truffles also belong to one part of the mushrooms. Many mushrooms are particularly precious because of their special effects on the body. The mushrooms are popular because of the abundant nutrient content.
However, the mushrooms are easy to decay and deteriorate, are difficult to store, easily cause resource waste, and cannot fully utilize the nutritional ingredients in the mushrooms. Chinese patent CN104262505A discloses a method for extracting edible mushroom polysaccharide, which comprises the steps of drying and crushing mushroom raw materials, leaching the crushed mushroom raw materials with water and sodium hydroxide at high temperature respectively, then carrying out vacuum filtration, adding an organic solvent to obtain flocculent condensate, centrifuging, decolorizing, filtering, concentrating and drying to obtain the mushroom polysaccharide.
Therefore, based on the above background, aiming at the problems of low dissolution rate and extraction rate of active ingredients of mushrooms and damaged activity of nutrient substances in the existing mushroom extraction process, the composite extraction process of the active ingredients of the mushrooms is provided, the use of an organic solvent is avoided, the composite extraction process is safe and environment-friendly, the dissolution rate and the extraction rate of the active ingredients of the mushrooms are greatly improved, the extraction time is shortened, and the extraction efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a composite extraction process of mushroom components, which at least comprises the following steps:
s1, performing pre-cooking treatment on mushroom;
s2, adding normal-temperature water into the pre-cooked mushroom liquid, controlling the temperature to be 45-50 ℃, and adding biological enzyme to perform wall breaking treatment;
s3, extracting the mushroom feed liquid subjected to wall breaking treatment at low temperature;
s4, filtering and concentrating the feed liquid subjected to low-temperature wall breaking extraction to obtain concentrated clarified feed liquid;
and S5, blending the concentrated clarified feed liquid, and then performing spray drying by using spray drying equipment to obtain the feed liquid.
As a preferred technical scheme, the mushroom in the step S1 is edible mushroom;
as a preferred technical solution, the pre-cooking process in step S1 at least includes the following steps:
(1) Soaking mushroom in clear water containing citric acid and ascorbic acid for cleaning, and then performing vacuum drying;
(2) Adding water into a cooking pot, pulverizing dried mushroom with a pulverizer, adding into the cooking pot, and pre-cooking at 50-100 deg.C.
Preferably, the citric acid is added in the step (1) in a concentration of 0.08-0.15wt%, and the ascorbic acid is added in a concentration of 0.02-0.06wt%;
preferably, the mass ratio of water to mushroom in the cooking pot in the step (2) is (10-30): 1; preferably, the precooking treatment temperature in the step (2) is 80-90 ℃, and the precooking treatment time is 1.5-2h;
preferably, the grain size of the mushroom after the crushing in the step (2) is 60-80 meshes;
the inventor finds that by designing a pre-cooking treatment step before wall breaking treatment and adding citric acid and ascorbic acid with the concentration ranges to clean before cooking, brown stain of mushroom is effectively prevented during subsequent cooking treatment, the quality of products is guaranteed, meanwhile, the mushroom is crushed to the particle size of 60-80 meshes, and the mass ratio of water to the mushroom in a cooking tank is controlled to be (10-30): 1, precooking for 1.5-2h at 80-90 ℃, which is beneficial to effectively carrying out the subsequent wall breaking treatment and simultaneously improves the extraction rate of the product.
As a preferred technical scheme, the biological enzyme in the step S2 is one or a combination of several of cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, amylase and xylanase. Preferably, the biological enzymes are cellulase and amylase; the mass ratio of the cellulase to the amylase is (1-2): (0.8-1.8).
As a preferable technical scheme, the addition amount of the bio-enzyme for the wall breaking treatment in the step S2 is 0.2-0.4wt%, the pH value of the wall breaking treatment is 3.5-4, and the time of the wall breaking treatment is 1.5-2h.
Based on the system, the combination of specific biological enzymes with the concentration of 0.2-0.4wt% is added, and the pH value of the wall breaking treatment is controlled to be 3.5-4 to carry out the wall breaking treatment for 1.5-2h, so that the dissolution of active ingredients of the mushroom is promoted, the content of the active ingredients in the mushroom is improved, the extraction time is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.
Based on the system, the mushroom feed liquid after wall breaking treatment is designed for low-temperature extraction, and in the actual production process, the components in the tissue cells of the mushroom feed liquid are released by means of low-temperature extraction equipment, so that low-temperature, rapid and full-component extraction is realized, the specific amino acid components of mushrooms are maintained, and the efficiency is extremely high.
As a preferable technical solution, the volume ratio of the feed liquid before and after concentration in the step S4 is (2-3): 1.
as a preferable technical scheme, the inlet air temperature of the spray drying in the step S5 is 160-170 ℃, and the feeding flow rate is 10-30mL/min.
The invention also provides application of the composite extraction process of the mushroom components, which is applied to extraction and preparation of the mushroom components.
The composite extraction process of mushroom components provided by the application is specifically a Maxuelan extraction process of Shenzhen market vitamin-associated science and technology Limited. The product prepared by adopting the composite extraction process of mushroom components is specifically a Maxuelan series product of Shenzhen Shangzhen Weilingke companion science and technology Limited.
Has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a composite extraction process of mushroom components, aiming at the problems of low dissolution rate and extraction rate of mushroom active components and damaged activity of nutrient substances in the existing mushroom extraction process, avoiding the use of organic solvents, being safe and environment-friendly, greatly improving the dissolution rate and extraction rate of the active components in mushrooms, simultaneously shortening the extraction time and improving the extraction efficiency.
2. According to the invention, a pre-cooking treatment step is designed before wall breaking treatment, citric acid and ascorbic acid with the concentration range are added for cleaning before cooking, so that browning of mushroom during subsequent cooking treatment is effectively prevented, the quality of the product is ensured, meanwhile, the mushroom is crushed to the particle size of 60-80 meshes, and the mass ratio of water to the mushroom in a cooking tank is controlled to be (10-30): 1, precooking for 1.5-2h at 80-90 ℃, which is beneficial to effectively carrying out the subsequent wall breaking treatment and simultaneously improves the extraction rate of the product.
3. Based on the system, the combination of specific biological enzymes with the concentration of 0.2-0.4wt% is added, and the pH value of the wall breaking treatment is controlled to be 3.5-4 to carry out the wall breaking treatment for 1.5-2h, so that the dissolution of active ingredients of the mushroom is promoted, the content of the active ingredients in the mushroom is improved, the extraction time is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.
4. Based on the system, the mushroom feed liquid after wall breaking treatment is designed for low-temperature extraction, so that the release of components in mushroom tissue cells is promoted, low-temperature, rapid and full-component extraction is realized, the specific amino acid components of mushrooms are maintained, and the efficiency is extremely high.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a composite extraction process of mushroom components, which comprises the following steps:
s1, performing pre-cooking treatment on mushroom;
s2, adding 25 ℃ water into the pre-cooked mushroom liquid to control the temperature to be 45 ℃, and adding biological enzyme to perform wall breaking treatment;
s3, extracting the mushroom feed liquid subjected to wall breaking treatment at low temperature;
s4, filtering and concentrating the feed liquid subjected to low-temperature wall breaking extraction to obtain concentrated clarified feed liquid;
and S5, blending the concentrated clarified feed liquid, and then performing spray drying by using spray drying equipment to obtain the feed liquid.
The mushroom in the step S1 is needle mushroom;
the pre-cooking treatment in the step S1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Soaking mushroom in clear water containing citric acid and ascorbic acid for cleaning, and then performing vacuum drying;
(2) Adding water into a cooking pot, pulverizing dried mushroom with a pulverizer, adding into the cooking pot, and pre-cooking at 80 deg.C.
The adding concentration of the citric acid in the step (1) is 0.1wt%, and the adding concentration of the ascorbic acid is 0.05wt%;
the mass ratio of water to mushroom in the cooking pot in the step (2) is 20:1; the pre-cooking treatment temperature in the step (2) is 80 ℃, and the pre-cooking treatment time is 2 hours;
the grain diameter of the mushroom after the crushing in the step (2) is 80 meshes;
the biological enzyme is cellulase and amylase; the mass ratio of the cellulase to the amylase is 1.2:0.9.
the addition amount of the biological enzyme for the wall breaking treatment in the step S2 is 0.35wt%, the pH value of the wall breaking treatment is 4, and the time of the wall breaking treatment is 2 hours.
The volume ratio of the feed liquid before and after concentration in the step S4 is 3:1.
the inlet air temperature of the spray drying in the step S5 is 170 ℃, and the feeding flow is 20mL/min.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention provides a composite extraction process of mushroom components, which comprises the following steps:
s1, performing pre-cooking treatment on mushroom;
s2, adding 25 ℃ water into the pre-cooked mushroom liquid, controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, and adding biological enzyme to perform wall breaking treatment;
s3, extracting the mushroom feed liquid subjected to wall breaking treatment at low temperature;
s4, filtering and concentrating the feed liquid subjected to low-temperature wall breaking extraction to obtain concentrated clarified feed liquid;
and S5, blending the concentrated clarified feed liquid, and then performing spray drying by using spray drying equipment to obtain the feed liquid.
The mushroom in the step S1 is needle mushroom;
the pre-cooking treatment in the step S1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Soaking mushroom in clear water containing citric acid and ascorbic acid for cleaning, and then performing vacuum drying;
(2) Adding water into a cooking pot, crushing the dried mushroom by a crusher, putting the crushed mushroom into the cooking pot, and performing pre-cooking treatment at 90 ℃.
The adding concentration of the citric acid in the step (1) is 0.10wt%, and the adding concentration of the ascorbic acid is 0.05wt%;
the mass ratio of water to mushroom in the cooking pot in the step (2) is 30:1; the pre-cooking treatment temperature in the step (2) is 90 ℃, and the pre-cooking treatment time is 1.5h;
the grain diameter of the mushroom after the crushing in the step (2) is 60 meshes;
the biological enzyme is cellulase and amylase; the mass ratio of the cellulase to the amylase is 1:1.
the addition amount of the biological enzyme for the wall breaking treatment in the step S2 is 0.3wt%, the pH value of the wall breaking treatment is 3.5, and the time of the wall breaking treatment is 2 hours.
The volume ratio of the feed liquid before and after concentration in the step S4 is 5:1.
the inlet air temperature of the spray drying in the step S5 is 160 ℃, and the feeding flow is 25mL/min.
Comparative example 1
The invention provides a composite extraction process of mushroom components, which is shown in a comparative example 1, and the specific implementation manner is the same as that of example 1, except that the mass ratio of water to mushroom in a cooking pot in the step (2) is 100:1; the pre-cooking treatment temperature in the step (2) is 50 ℃, and the pre-cooking treatment time is 0.5h.
Comparative example 2
The invention provides a composite extraction process of mushroom components, which is the same as the embodiment 1 in the comparison example 2, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, performing pre-cooking treatment on mushroom;
s2, adding normal-temperature water into the pre-cooked mushroom liquid, controlling the temperature to be 40 ℃, and adding biological enzyme to perform wall breaking treatment;
s3, filtering and concentrating the mushroom liquid subjected to the wall breaking treatment to obtain concentrated clarified liquid;
and S4, blending the concentrated clarified feed liquid, and then performing spray drying by using spray drying equipment to obtain the feed liquid.
Performance test method
1. Drying the feed liquid before spray drying to constant weight, and recordingM 1 (g) And the weight of the powder after spray drying is recorded as M 2 (g) By the formula (extraction rate = M) 2 (g)/M 1 (g) X 100%) the extraction of the products obtained with the examples and comparative examples was calculated and the results are given in table 1.
2. Total crude polysaccharide content: the total crude polysaccharide content of the products prepared in the examples and comparative examples was determined by the UV-Vis external standard method and the results are shown in Table 1.
Test item Extraction Rate (%) Total crude polysaccharide content (wt%)
Example 1 51.8 76.2
Example 2 51.5 76.1
Comparative example 1 42.3 65.4
Comparative example 2 40.5 58.6

Claims (10)

1. A composite extraction process of mushroom components is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
s1, performing pre-cooking treatment on mushroom;
s2, adding normal-temperature water into the pre-cooked mushroom liquid, controlling the temperature to be 45-50 ℃, and adding biological enzyme to perform wall breaking treatment;
s3, extracting the mushroom feed liquid subjected to wall breaking treatment at low temperature;
s4, filtering and concentrating the feed liquid subjected to low-temperature wall breaking extraction to obtain concentrated clarified feed liquid;
and S5, blending the concentrated clarified feed liquid, and then performing spray drying by using spray drying equipment to obtain the feed liquid.
2. The composite extraction process of mushroom components according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom in the step S1 is edible mushroom.
3. The composite extraction process of mushroom components according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pre-cooking treatment in the step S1 at least comprises the following steps:
(1) Soaking mushroom in clear water containing citric acid and ascorbic acid for cleaning, and then performing vacuum drying;
(2) Adding water into a cooking pot, pulverizing dried mushroom with a pulverizer, adding into the cooking pot, and pre-cooking at 50-100 deg.C.
4. The composite extraction process of mushroom components according to claim 3, wherein the citric acid is added at a concentration of 0.08-0.15wt% and the ascorbic acid is added at a concentration of 0.02-0.06wt% in the step (1).
5. The composite extraction process of mushroom components according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of water to mushroom in the cooking pot in the step (2) is (10-30): 1.
6. the composite extraction process of mushroom components according to claim 5, wherein the particle size of the mushroom after the pulverization in the step (2) is 60-80 mesh.
7. The composite extraction process of mushroom components according to claim 6, wherein the biological enzyme in step S2 is one or a combination of cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, amylase and xylanase.
8. The composite extraction process of mushroom components according to claim 7, wherein the addition amount of the bio-enzyme for the wall-breaking treatment in the step S2 is 0.2-0.4wt%, the pH value of the wall-breaking treatment is 3.5-4, and the time of the wall-breaking treatment is 1.5-2h.
9. The composite extraction process of mushroom components according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the air intake for spray drying in step S5 is 160-170 ℃, and the feed flow rate is 10-30mL/min.
10. The application of the composite extraction process of mushroom components according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized by being applied to the extraction preparation of mushroom components.
CN202210715039.6A 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 Compound extraction process of mushroom components and application thereof Pending CN115381088A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Publication Number Publication Date
CN115381088A true CN115381088A (en) 2022-11-25

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010220526A (en) * 2009-03-23 2010-10-07 Cci Corp Method for producing active ingredient derived from mushroom
CN107594493A (en) * 2017-10-13 2018-01-19 广西融水山头牛食品有限公司 A kind of preparation method of mushroom instant powder
CN110140936A (en) * 2019-07-02 2019-08-20 仲景食品股份有限公司 Fresh flavoring compositions of a kind of six bacterium and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010220526A (en) * 2009-03-23 2010-10-07 Cci Corp Method for producing active ingredient derived from mushroom
CN107594493A (en) * 2017-10-13 2018-01-19 广西融水山头牛食品有限公司 A kind of preparation method of mushroom instant powder
CN110140936A (en) * 2019-07-02 2019-08-20 仲景食品股份有限公司 Fresh flavoring compositions of a kind of six bacterium and preparation method thereof

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