CN115378477A - Power spectral density threshold for transmit mask and sounding feedback types - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and devices related to Power Spectral Density (PSD) thresholds. The device may determine a value associated with the power spectral density. The device may assign the value to be non-proportional with respect to the bandwidth of the frame. The device may cause the frame to be transmitted to a first station device of the one or more station devices.

Description

Power spectral density threshold for transmit mask and sounding feedback types

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for wireless communication, and more particularly to Power Spectral Density (PSD) thresholds of Transmit (TX) masks and sounding feedback types.

Background

Wireless devices are becoming more prevalent and requests for access to wireless channels are increasing. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is setting up one or more standards for using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in channel allocation.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment for PSD threshold values in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a PSD mask and a PSD floor (PSD floor) according to the current definition.

Fig. 3 is a flow diagram showing an illustrative process of an illustrative PSD threshold system in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a functional diagram illustrating an example communication station that may be suitable for use as user equipment in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example machine on which any of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a radio architecture according to some examples.

Fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example front end module circuit for use in the radio architecture of fig. 6, according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 illustrates an example radio IC circuit for use in the radio architecture of fig. 6, according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 illustrates example baseband processing circuitry for use in the radio architecture of fig. 6, according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may include structural, logical, electrical, process, algorithmic, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of others. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.

The absolute PSD threshold is defined in IEEE as the "floor" for noise and impairments (impairments). The purpose of this floor is to avoid that the spectral mask defined as a relative value is too low and reaches hardware limits if the reference PSD is reduced. The reference PSD may decrease due to a decrease in Tx power or an increase in Tx bandwidth. However, this value is not well defined and does not really achieve the object.

The current IEEE802.11 be ("11 be") specification defines multiple input multiple output (MUMIMO) for fractional bandwidth Downlink (DL) multi-users as an optional feature. However, partial bandwidth multi-user (MU) type feedback is defined as a mandatory feature. The logic of the feature has been corrupted. More importantly, implementing partial bandwidth MU-type feedback is difficult.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and devices for PSD thresholds for IEEE802.11 be ("11 be") Transmit (TX) mask and sounding feedback types.

In one or more embodiments, the PSD threshold may change the definition of the 11be spectral mask. A hard floor is added to the noise/impairments and is not proportional to the channel width.

In one or more embodiments, the PSD threshold system may define partial Bandwidth (BW) multi-user (MU) type feedback as conditionally mandatory. The condition is partial bandwidth DL MU-MIMO support.

The foregoing description is for the purpose of illustration and is not meant to be limiting. Many other examples, configurations, processes, algorithms, etc., are possible, some of which are described in more detail below. Example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment for PSD threshold values in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. Wireless network 100 may include one or more user devices 120 and Access Points (APs) 102 that may communicate in accordance with the IEEE802.11 communication standard. The user device 120 may be a mobile device that is non-stationary (e.g., does not have a fixed location), or may be a stationary device.

In some implementations, user device 120 and access point 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to the functional diagram of fig. 4 and/or the example machine/system of fig. 5.

One or more illustrative user devices 120 and/or Access Points (APs) 102 may be operated by one or more users 110. It should be noted that any addressable unit may be a Station (STA). A STA may exhibit a number of different characteristics, each of which shapes its functionality. For example, a single addressable unit may be a portable STA, a quality of service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA at the same time. One or more of the illustrative user devices 120 and the AP102 may be STAs. One or more illustrative user devices 120 and/or APs 102 may operate as Personal Basic Service Set (PBSS) control points/access points (PCPs/APs). User device 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP102 may include any suitable processor-driven device, including but not limited to a mobile device or a non-mobile device (e.g., a stationary device). For example, the user device 120 may include a user device (UE), a Station (STA), an Access Point (AP), a software-enabled AP (SoftAP), a Personal Computer (PC), a wearable wireless device (e.g., a bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an ultrabook, etc ^TM A computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular telephone functionality with PDA device functionality), a consumer device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile telephone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device that includes a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a CSLL (terrestrial small live large) device, an ultra-mobile device (UMD), an ultra-mobile PC (UMPC), a mobile internet Device (DVB)A device (MID), "origami" or computing device, a device that supports Dynamic Combination Computing (DCC), a context-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an a/V device, a set-top box (STB), a blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, an HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video receiver, an audio receiver, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat panel display, a Personal Media Player (PMP), a Digital Video Camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data receiver, a digital camera (DSC), a media player, a smart phone, a television, a music player, and the like. Other devices, including smart devices (e.g., lights, climate controls, automotive components, household components, appliances, etc.), may also be included in the list.

As used herein, the term "internet of things (IoT) device" is used to refer to any object (e.g., appliance, sensor, etc.) that has an addressable interface (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address, a bluetooth Identifier (ID), a Near Field Communication (NFC) ID, etc.) and is capable of sending information to one or more other devices through wired or wireless association. IoT devices may have passive communication interfaces (e.g., quick Response (QR) codes, radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, NFC tags, etc.) or active communication interfaces (e.g., modems, transceivers, transmitter-receivers, etc.). IoT devices may have a particular set of attributes (e.g., device status or state (e.g., whether the IoT device is on or off, idle or active, available for task execution or busy, etc.), cooling or heating functions, environmental monitoring or recording functions, lighting functions, sound emitting functions, etc.), which may be embedded in and/or controlled/monitored by a Central Processing Unit (CPU), microprocessor, application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), etc., and configured to be associated with an IoT network (e.g., a local ad-hoc network or the internet). For example, ioT devices may include, but are not limited to, refrigerators, toasters, ovens, microwave ovens, freezers, dishwashers, hand tools, washers, dryers, furnaces, air conditioners, thermostats, televisions, light fixtures, dust collectors, sprinklers, electricity meters, gas meters, etc., as long as the devices are equipped with an addressable communication interface for communicating with the IoT network. IoT devices may also include cell phones, desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, PDAs, and the like. Thus, an IoT network may be composed of "legacy" internet-accessible devices (e.g., laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, etc.) as well as devices that typically do not have internet associations (e.g., dishwashers, etc.).

User equipment 120 and/or AP102 may also include mesh stations, for example, in a mesh (mesh) network, according to one or more IEEE802.11 standards and/or 3GPP standards.

Any user device 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP102 may be configured to communicate with each other, wirelessly or by wire, via one or more communication networks 130 and/or 135. The user devices 120 may also communicate with each other peer-to-peer or directly, with or without an AP. Any of the communication networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but are not limited to, any of a combination of different types of suitable communication networks, such as a broadcast network, a wired network, a public network (e.g., the internet), a proprietary network, a wireless network, a cellular network, or any other suitable proprietary and/or public network. Further, any of communication networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, a global network (e.g., the internet), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), or a Personal Area Network (PAN). Further, any of the communication networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium that can carry network traffic, including but not limited to coaxial cable, twisted pair, fiber optic, hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave ground-bound transceiver, radio frequency communication medium, white space communication medium, ultra-high frequency communication medium, satellite communication medium, or any combination thereof.

Any user device 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP102 may include one or more communication antennas. The one or more communication antennas may be any suitable type of antenna corresponding to the communication protocol used by user devices 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP 102. Some non-limiting examples of suitable communication antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, IEEE802.11 standards family compliant antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, omni-directional antennas, quasi-omni-directional antennas, and the like. One or more communication antennas can be communicatively coupled to the radio to transmit signals (e.g., communication signals) to user device 120 and/or receive signals from user device 120.

Any user device 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP102 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or directional reception in connection with wireless communication in a wireless network. Any user device 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP102 may be configured to perform such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG antenna arrays, etc.). Each of the plurality of antenna arrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particular respective direction or range of directions. Any user device 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP102 can be configured to perform any given directional transmission to one or more defined transmit sectors. Any user device 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP102 may be configured to perform any given directional reception from one or more defined reception sectors.

MIMO beamforming in wireless networks may be implemented using Radio Frequency (RF) beamforming and/or digital beamforming. In some embodiments, in performing a given MIMO transmission, user device 120 and AP102 may be configured to perform MIMO beamforming using all or a subset of its one or more communication antennas.

Any user device 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP102 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving RF signals in a bandwidth and/or channel corresponding to a communication protocol used by any user device 120 and AP102 to communicate with each other. The radio may include hardware and/or software for modulating and/or demodulating communication signals according to a pre-established transmission protocol. The radio may also have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols standardized by the IEEE802.11 standard. In some example embodiments, the radio cooperating with the communications antenna may be configured to communicate via a 2.4GHz channel (e.g., 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11 ax), a 5GHz channel (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11 ax), or a 6GHz channel (e.g., 802.11ad, 802.11 ay), an 800MHz channel (e.g., 802.11 ah). The communication antenna may operate at 28GHz and 40 GHz. It should be appreciated that this list of communication channels according to some 802.11 standards is only a partial list, and other 802.11 standards (e.g., next generation Wi-Fi or other standards) may be used. In some implementations, non-Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communication between devices, such as bluetooth, dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), ultra High Frequency (UHF) (e.g., IEEE802.11 af, IEEE 802.22), white band frequencies (e.g., white space), or other packetized radio communication. The radio may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via a communication protocol. The radio components may also include a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, analog-to-digital (a/D) converters, one or more buffers, and a digital baseband.

In one implementation, referring to fig. 1, the ap102 can facilitate having PSD threshold 142 for one or more user devices 120.

PSD mask and floor in Current definition

The current 11be PSD mask is defined as "at any frequency offset, the transmit spectrum must not exceed the temporary (Interim) transmit spectrum mask and the maximum in X dBm/MHz. "X is linearly proportional to the physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) BW. X of 20Mhz PPDU is-53, X of 40MHz PPDU is-56, X of 80MHz PPDU and above is-59. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a PSD mask and a PSD floor according to the current definition.

However, the values are proportional in the opposite way. The larger the PPDU BW, the more difficult it is for Radio Frequency (RF) components to achieve a lower floor. The lower limit should therefore be more relaxed as the PPDU BW increases. Obviously, the current definition is proportional in the opposite direction.

In one or more embodiments, the PSD threshold system can have "X" a fixed value. This value is not proportional to the PPDU bandwidth.

The value of "X" as such, up to-53, has been too difficult. As shown in table 1, for this "X" value to work, the Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of the transmitter needs to be as low as 0dBm. 0-6 dBm are too low to be practical TX power. This means that the "X" value, even if defined, is almost never used in practice. The result is that for a 320MHz PPDU, the implementation needs to meet a-45 dBm/MHz PSD, which is already approaching the RF component limits. Table 1 shows the values of the PSD floor for different bandwidths.

TABLE 1

New definition of PSD floor

In one or more embodiments, the value of "X" is increased to a reasonable value. The candidate value may be any value between-30 dBm/MHz to-42 dBm/MHz. The reason for choosing-30 dBm/Mhz is to keep up with most standards. The reason for choosing-42 dBm/MHz is that it is the value of-40 dBr floor assuming a20 dBm EIRP.

In one or more embodiments, the 11be spectral mask is defined as "at any frequency offset, the transmit spectrum must not exceed the temporary transmit spectral mask and the maximum of Y dBm/MHz. "Y is not proportional to the PPDU bandwidth, and Y may be an integer within [ -42, -30 ].

In one or more embodiments, a device may determine a value associated with a PSD; assigning the value as not proportional to a bandwidth of the frame; and transmitting the frame to a first station device of the one or more station devices.

In one or more embodiments, this value may be between-42 dBm/MHz and-30 dBm/MHz.

In one or more embodiments, at any frequency offset, the transmit spectrum does not exceed the temporary transmit spectrum mask and the maximum of this value in dBm/MHz.

In one or more embodiments, the transmit spectrum does not exceed the temporary transmit spectrum mask and the maximum of Y dBm/MHz at any frequency offset in the 5GHz and 6GHz bands. Y is not proportional to the PPDU bandwidth, and Y may be an integer within [ -42, -30 ].

MU type sounding feedback

This implementation has the problem to implement partial BW MU-type feedback. The present disclosure proposes to add underlined text in the capability field of "trigger MU beamforming part BW feedback" in table 2. The intention is to change the mandatory support of MU-type partial BW feedback to conditional mandatory. That is, if the non-AP STA supports partial bandwidth DL MU-MIMO reception, MU beam shaping part BW feedback (triggered MU beam shaping partial BW feedback) should be supported, otherwise, MU beam shaping part BW feedback may be optionally supported. Table 2 shows the change of the trigger MU beamforming part BW feedback field.

TABLE 2

In one or more embodiments, a non-AP device may indicate support for receiving DL MU-MIMO transmissions on RU/MRU in an EHT MU PPDU, where the RU/MRU spans the PPDU portion bandwidth.

In one or more embodiments, the non-AP device may indicate support for transmission of Partial bandwidth MU feedback in an EHT TB sounding sequence, wherein a Partial bandwidth information (Partial BW Info) subfield in an EHT NDP announcement frame indicates a different puncturing pattern than indicated by a puncturing channel information field in a U-SIG field of the EHT NDP.

In one or more embodiments, the AP device may indicate support for receiving Partial bandwidth MU feedback in an EHT TB sounding sequence, wherein a bandwidth for which the AP device requests feedback from the non-AP device depends on a Partial bandwidth information (Partial BW Info) subfield in a station information (STA Info) field used to identify the non-AP device.

In one or more embodiments, partial bandwidth MU Feedback refers to a Feedback mode in which the Feedback RU/MRU size (Feedback RU/MRU size) indicated in the Partial BW Info subfield of the NDP announcement frame spans a portion of the available bandwidth of the non-AP device in its operating bandwidth.

SU type sounding feedback

Another problem is related to trigger-based SU-type sounding feedback. Currently, only one bit indicates that this function is supported. This means that the STA must indicate that full-bandwidth and partial-bandwidth SU-type feedback is supported, or that the STA must indicate that neither full-bandwidth nor partial-bandwidth SU-type feedback is supported.

In one or more embodiments, proposals are made to separate the indication for trigger-based full bandwidth SU-type feedback and trigger-based partial bandwidth SU-type feedback. The proposed changes are shown in table 3. A new Capability (Capability) is added to offload part of the bandwidth SU type indication.

TABLE 3

In one or more embodiments, the non-AP device may indicate support for transmission of full bandwidth SU feedback (full bandwidth SU feedback) or partial bandwidth SU feedback (partial bandwidth SU feedback) in the EHT TB sounding sequence.

In one or more embodiments, a non-AP device may indicate that transmission of Full-Bandwidth SU Feedback is supported by setting a Triggered SU Beamforming Full Bandwidth Feedback subfield (Triggered SU Beamforming Full Bandwidth Feedback field) of a physical layer (PHY) capability Information (Capabilities) field in an ultra high throughput (EHT) capability (Capabilities) element of its transmission to 1.

In one or more embodiments, a non-AP device may indicate that transmission of Partial Bandwidth SU Feedback is supported by setting a Triggered SU Beamforming Partial Bandwidth Feedback subfield (Triggered SU Beamforming Partial Bandwidth Feedback subfield) of an ultra high throughput (EHT) Capabilities (Capabilities) Information (Capabilities) field in an EHT physical layer (PHY) Capabilities element of its transmission to 1.

In one or more embodiments, an AP device may indicate that partial or full bandwidth SU feedback is supported in a TB sounding sequence (TB sounding sequence); and requests partial or full bandwidth SU feedback from the non-AP device in the TB sounding sequence.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive.

Fig. 3 shows a flow diagram of an illustrative process 300 of a PSD threshold system in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

In block 302, a device (e.g., user device 120 and/or AP102 of fig. 1) may determine a value associated with a PSD.

In block 304, the device may assign a value that is not proportional to the bandwidth of the frame.

In block 306, the apparatus may transmit a frame to a first station apparatus of the one or more station apparatuses.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive.

Fig. 4 illustrates a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 400 in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, fig. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as AP102 (fig. 1) or user equipment 120 (fig. 1) in accordance with some embodiments. Communication station 400 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, mobile device, cellular telephone, smartphone, tablet computer, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop computer, wearable computer device, femtocell, high Data Rate (HDR) subscriber station, access point, access terminal, or other Personal Communication System (PCS) device.

Communication station 400 may include communication circuitry 402 and a transceiver 410 for transmitting signals to and receiving signals from other communication stations using one or more antennas 401. The communication circuitry 402 may include circuitry of any other communication layer that may operate physical layer (PHY) communication and/or MAC communication for controlling access to a wireless medium, and/or for transmitting and receiving signals. Communication station 400 may also include processing circuitry 406 and memory 408 arranged to perform the operations described herein. In some implementations, the communication circuit 402 and the processing circuit 406 may be configured to perform the operations detailed in the above figures, diagrams, and flows.

According to some embodiments, the communication circuitry 402 may be arranged to: contend for the wireless medium, and configure frames or packets for communication over the wireless medium. The communication circuit 402 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals. The communication circuit 402 may also include circuits for modulation/demodulation, up/down conversion, filtering, amplification, and so forth. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 406 of the communication station 400 may include one or more processors. In other embodiments, two or more antennas 401 may be coupled to the communication circuit 402 arranged to transmit and receive signals. The memory 408 may store information for configuring the processing circuitry 406 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and performing various operations described herein. Memory 408 can comprise any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, memory 408 may include a computer-readable storage device, a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk storage media, an optical storage media, a flash memory device, and other storage devices and media.

In some implementations, the communication station 400 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a PDA, a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smart phone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.

In some embodiments, communication station 400 may include one or more antennas 401. Antenna 401 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some embodiments, instead of two or more antennas, a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used. In these embodiments, each aperture may be considered a separate antenna. In some MIMO embodiments, the antennas may be effectively separated for spatial diversity and different channel characteristics that may arise between the antennas and the antennas of the transmitting station.

In some implementations, the communication station 400 may include one or more of a keypad, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements. The display may be a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen including a touch screen.

Although communication station 400 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), ASICs, radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements of communication station 400 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

Some embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, computer readable storage devices may include ROM, RAM, magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and other storage devices and media. In some embodiments, communication station 400 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device.

Fig. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 500 or system on which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methods) discussed herein may be executed. In other implementations, the machine 500 may operate as a standalone device or may be associated (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 500 may operate in the role of a server machine, a client machine, or both, in server-client network environments. In an example, the machine 500 may operate in a peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment as a peer machine. The machine 500 may be a PC, a tablet PC, a STB, a PDA, a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device, a network appliance, a network router, a hand-held machine or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine (e.g., a base station). Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term "machine" shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer cluster configurations.

Examples as described herein may include, or may operate on, logic or multiple components, modules, or mechanisms. A module is a tangible entity (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations when operated on. The modules include hardware. In an example, the hardware may be specifically configured to perform certain operations (e.g., hardwired). In another example, the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions that configure the execution units to perform specific operations when operated. Configuration may occur under the direction of an execution unit or loading mechanism. Thus, when the device is operating, the execution unit is communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium. In this example, an execution unit may be a member of more than one module. For example, in operation, an execution unit may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.

A machine (e.g., computer system) 500 may include a hardware processor 502 (e.g., a CPU, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 504 and a static memory 506, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interconnect (e.g., bus) 508. The machine 500 may also include a power management device 532, a graphical display device 510, an alphanumeric input device 512 (e.g., a keyboard), and a User Interface (UI) navigation device 514 (e.g., a mouse). In an example, the graphical display device 510, the alphanumeric input device 512, and the UI navigation device 514 may be touch screen displays. The machine 500 may additionally include a storage device (i.e., drive unit) 516, a signal generation device 518 (e.g., a speaker), a PSD threshold device 519, a network interface device/transceiver 520 coupled to an antenna 530, and one or more sensors 528 (e.g., a GPS sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor). The machine 500 may include an output controller 534, such as a serial (e.g., universal Serial Bus (USB)), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near Field Communication (NFC), etc.) association to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., printer, card reader, etc.). Operations according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed by a baseband processor. The baseband processor may be configured to generate a corresponding baseband signal. The baseband processor may also include physical layer (PHY) and MAC circuitry, and may also interface with hardware processor 502 for generating and processing baseband signals, and controlling operation of main memory 504, storage 516, and/or PSD threshold device 519. The baseband processor may be provided on a single wireless circuit card, a single chip, or an Integrated Circuit (IC).

The storage device 516 may include a machine-readable medium 522 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 524 (e.g., software) embodying or used by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 524 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 504, within static memory 506, or within the hardware processor 502 during execution thereof by the machine 500. In an example, one or any combination of the hardware processor 502, the main memory 504, the static memory 506, or the storage device 516 may constitute machine-readable media.

PSD threshold device 519 may perform any of the operations and processes (e.g., process 300) described and illustrated above.

It should be understood that the above are only a subset of PSD threshold device 519 that may be configured to perform, and that other functions included throughout this disclosure may also be performed by PSD threshold device 519.

While the machine-readable medium 522 is shown to be a single medium, the term "machine-readable medium" can include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 524.

Various embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in software and/or firmware. The software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such computer-readable media may include any tangible, non-transitory media for storing information in one or more computer-readable forms, such as, but not limited to, ROM, RAM, magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory, and the like.

The term "machine-readable medium" may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 500 and that cause the machine 500 to perform any one or more of the techniques of this disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting examples of machine-readable media may include solid-state memory, as well as optical and magnetic media. In an example, a mass machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable medium having a plurality of particles with a static mass. Specific examples of the mass machine-readable medium may include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM) or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices); magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

The instructions 524 may further be transmitted or received over a communication network 526 using a transmission medium via the network interface device/transceiver 520 using any one of a number of transmission protocols (e.g., frame relay, IP, transmission Control Protocol (TCP), user Datagram Protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.). Example communication networks can include a LAN, a WAN, a packet data network (e.g., the internet), a mobile telephone network (e.g., a cellular network), a Plain Old Telephone (POTS) network, a wireless data network (e.g., referred to as

Of the IEEE802.11 family of standards, called

IEEE802.16 family of standards), IEEE802.15.4 family of standards, and P2P networks, among others. In an example, the network interface device/transceiver 520 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., ethernet jacks, coaxial jacks, or telephone jacks) or one or more antennas to associate with the communication network 526. In an example, the network interface device/transceiver 520 may include multiple antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. The term "transmission medium" shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 500, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software.

The operations and processes described and illustrated above may be performed or carried out in any suitable order as desired in various implementations. Further, in some implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be performed in parallel. Further, in some implementations, fewer or more operations than described may be performed.

Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 105A, 105B, according to some embodiments, which may be implemented in any of the example AP102 and/or the example STA 120 of fig. 1. The radio architectures 105A, 105B may include radio Front End Module (FEM) circuits 604a-B, radio IC circuits 606a-B, and baseband processing circuits 608a-B. The radio architectures 105A, 105B as shown include WLAN functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality, but embodiments are not so limited. In this disclosure, "WLAN" and "Wi-Fi" may be used interchangeably.

The FEM circuits 604a-b may include WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuits 604a and BT FEM circuits 604b. The WLAN FEM circuitry 604a may include a receive signal path including circuitry configured to operate on WLAN RF signals received from the one or more antennas 601, amplify the received signals, and provide an amplified version of the received signals to the WLAN radio IC circuitry 606a for further processing. BT FEM circuitry 604b may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signals received from one or more antennas 601, amplify the receive signal, and provide an amplified version of the receive signal to BT radio IC circuitry 606b for further processing. FEM circuitry 604a may also include a transmit signal path, which may include circuitry configured to amplify WLAN signals provided by radio IC circuitry 606a for wireless transmission through one or more antennas 601. Further, FEM circuitry 604b may also include a transmit signal path, which may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals provided by radio IC circuitry 606b for wireless transmission through one or more antennas. In the embodiment of fig. 6, although FEM604a and FEM604b are shown as being different from each other, embodiments are not limited thereto and include within their scope: a FEM (not shown) is used that contains transmit and/or receive paths for both WLAN and BT signals, or one or more FEM circuits are used, where at least some of the FEM circuits share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.

Radio IC circuits 606a-b as shown may include WLAN radio IC circuit 606a and BT radio IC circuit 606b. WLAN radio IC circuitry 606a may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry to down-convert WLAN RF signals received from FEM circuitry 604a and provide baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 608 a. The BT radio IC circuitry 606b may also include a receive signal path, which may include circuitry to down-convert BT RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 604b and provide baseband signals to the BT baseband processing circuitry 608b. The WLAN radio IC circuitry 606a may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry to up-convert WLAN baseband signals provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 608a and provide WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 604a for subsequent wireless transmission through the one or more antennas 601. BT radio IC circuitry 606b may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry to up-convert BT baseband signals provided by BT baseband processing circuitry 608b and provide BT RF output signals to FEM circuitry 604b for subsequent wireless transmission via one or more antennas 601. In the embodiment of fig. 6, although radio IC circuits 606a and 606b are shown as being different from each other, embodiments are not limited thereto and are included within their scope; a radio IC circuit (not shown) containing transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals is used, or one or more radio IC circuits are used, wherein at least some of the radio IC circuits share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.

The baseband processing circuits 608a-b may include a WLAN baseband processing circuit 608a and a BT baseband processing circuit 608b. The WLAN baseband processing circuit 608a may include a memory, such as a set of RAM arrays of fast fourier transform or inverse fast fourier transform blocks (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processing circuit 608 a. Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 608a and BT baseband circuitry 608b may also include one or more processors and control logic to process signals received from a corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 606a-b and also to generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 606 a-b. Each of the baseband processing circuits 608a and 608b may also include PHY and MAC circuits and may also interface with devices for generating and processing baseband signals and controlling the operation of the radio IC circuits 606 a-b.

Still referring to fig. 6, in accordance with the illustrated embodiment, the WLAN-BT coexistence circuit 613 may include logic to provide an interface between the WLAN baseband circuit 608a and the BT baseband circuit 608b to implement use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence. Further, a switch 603 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuit 604a and the BT FEM circuit 604b to allow switching between WLAN and BT radios according to application needs. Further, although antenna 601 is depicted as being associated with WLAN FEM circuitry 604a and BT FEM circuitry 604b, respectively, embodiments include within their scope: one or more antennas are shared between the WLAN and BT FEMs, or more than one antenna associated to each FEM604a or 604b is provided.

In some implementations, the front-end module circuits 604a-b, the radio IC circuits 606a-b, and the baseband processing circuits 608a-b may be provided on a single wireless circuit card (radio card) (e.g., wireless circuit card 602). In some other implementations, one or more antennas 601, FEM circuits 604a-b, and radio IC circuits 606a-b may be provided on a single wireless circuit card. In some other implementations, the radio IC circuits 606a-b and the baseband processing circuits 608a-b may be provided on a single chip or IC (e.g., IC 612).

In some implementations, the wireless circuit card 602 may comprise a WLAN wireless circuit card and may be configured for Wi-Fi communication, although the scope of the implementations is not limited in this respect. In some of these embodiments, the radio architectures 105A, 105B may be configured to receive and transmit Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) or OFDMA communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel. An OFDM or OFDMA signal may include a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

In some of these multicarrier implementations, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be part of a Wi-Fi communication Station (STA) (e.g., a wireless Access Point (AP), a base station, or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device). In some of these embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configured to: signals may be transmitted and received in accordance with particular communication standards and/or protocols, such as any of the IEEE standards, including the 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11-2016, 802.11n-2009, 802.11ac, 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, and/or 802.11ax standards, and/or specifications set forth for WLANs, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. The radio architectures 105A, 105B may also be adapted to transmit and/or receive communications in accordance with other techniques and standards.

In some embodiments, the radio architectures 105A, 105B may be configured for high-efficiency Wi-Fi (HEW) communications in accordance with the ieee802.11ax standard. In these embodiments, radio architectures 105A, 105B may be configured to communicate in accordance with OFDMA techniques, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some other embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configured to: transmit signals using one or more other modulation techniques and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time Division Multiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, as further shown in fig. 6, BT baseband circuitry 608b may conform to a BT-associated standard, such as bluetooth, bluetooth 8.0, or bluetooth 6.0, or any other generation of the bluetooth standard.

In some embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may include other wireless circuit cards, for example, cellular wireless circuit cards configured for cellular (e.g., 5GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced, or 7G communications).

In some IEEE802.11 implementations, radio architectures 105A, 105B may be configured for communication over various channel bandwidths, including bandwidths having center frequencies of approximately 900MHz, 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and bandwidths of approximately 2MHz, 4MHz, 5MHz, 5.5MHz, 6MHz, 8MHz, 10MHz, 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz (continuous bandwidth), or 80+80MHz (160 MHz) (discontinuous bandwidth). In some embodiments, a 920MHz channel bandwidth may be used. However, the scope of embodiments is not limited to the above center frequencies.

Fig. 7 illustrates a WLAN FEM circuit 604a according to some embodiments. While the example of fig. 7 is described in connection with WLAN FEM circuitry 604a, the example of fig. 7 may be described in connection with example BT FEM circuitry 604b (fig. 6), other circuit configurations may also be suitable.

In some embodiments, FEM circuitry 604a may include a TX/RX (transmit/receive) switch 702 to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. FEM circuit 604a may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of FEM circuitry 604a may include an LNA) 706 to amplify received RF signal 703 and provide an amplified received RF signal 707 as an output (e.g., to radio IC circuitry 606a-b (fig. 6)). The transmit signal path of circuit 604a may include: a Power Amplifier (PA) to amplify an input RF signal 709 (e.g., provided by radio IC circuits 606 a-b) and one or more filters 712, such as Band Pass Filters (BPFs), low Pass Filters (LPFs), or other types of filters, to generate an RF signal 715 for subsequent transmission via an example duplexer 714 (e.g., via one or more antennas 601 (fig. 6)).

In some dual-mode implementations for Wi-Fi communication, the FEM circuitry 604a may be configured to operate in the 2.4GHz spectrum or the 5GHz spectrum. In these embodiments, as shown, the receive signal path of FEM circuit 604a may include a receive signal path duplexer 704 to separate signals from each spectrum and provide a separate Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) 706 for each spectrum. In these embodiments, the transmit signal path of FEM circuit 604a may also include power amplifier 710 and filter 712 (e.g., BPF, LPF, or another type of filter) for each spectrum and transmit signal path duplexer 704 to provide signals of one of the different spectrums onto a single transmit path for subsequent transmission through one or more antennas 601 (fig. 6). In some implementations, BT communications may utilize a 2.4GHz signal path and may utilize the same FEM circuitry 604a as is used for WLAN communications.

Fig. 8 illustrates a radio IC circuit 606a according to some embodiments. The radio IC circuit 606a is one example of a circuit that may be suitable for use as the WLAN or BT radio IC circuits 606a/606b (fig. 6), but other circuit configurations may also be suitable. Alternatively, the example of fig. 8 may be described in connection with the example BT radio IC circuit 606b.

In some implementations, the radio IC circuitry 606a can include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of radio IC circuit 606a may include at least a mixer circuit 802 (e.g., a down-conversion mixer circuit), an amplifier circuit 806, and a filter circuit 808. The transmit signal path of the radio IC circuit 606a may include at least a filter circuit 812 and a mixer circuit 814 (e.g., an up-conversion mixer circuit). The radio IC circuit 606a may also include a synthesizer circuit 804 for synthesizing the frequency 805 for use by the mixer circuit 802 and the mixer circuit 814. According to some embodiments, mixer circuits 802 and/or 814 may each be configured to provide direct conversion functionality. The latter type of circuit presents a simpler architecture than standard superheterodyne mixer circuits and any flicker noise brought by it can be mitigated by e.g. using OFDM modulation. Fig. 8 shows only a simplified version of a radio IC circuit, and may include (although not shown) embodiments in which each of the depicted circuits may include more than one component. For example, mixer circuit 814 may each include one or more mixers and filter circuits 808 and/or 812 may each include one or more filters, e.g., one or more BPFs and/or LPFs, as desired by the application. For example, when the mixer circuits are of the direct conversion type, they may each comprise two or more mixers.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 802 may be configured to: the RF signals 707 received from the FEM circuits 604a-b (fig. 6) are downconverted based on the composite frequency 805 provided by the synthesizer circuit 804. The amplifier circuitry 806 may be configured to amplify the downconverted signal, and the filter circuitry 805 may include an LPF configured to: unwanted signals are removed from the down-converted signal to generate an output baseband signal 807. The output baseband signal 807 may be provided to baseband processing circuits 608a-b (fig. 6) for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signal 807 may be a zero frequency baseband signal, although this is not required. In some implementations, mixer circuit 802 may include a passive mixer, although the scope of the implementations is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, mixer circuit 814 may be configured to: an input baseband signal 811 is upconverted based on the synthesized frequency 805 provided by the synthesizer circuit 804 to generate an RF output signal 609 for the FEM circuits 604 a-b. The baseband signal 811 may be provided by the baseband processing circuits 608a-b and may be filtered by the filter circuit 812. Filter circuit 812 may include an LPF or BPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, mixer circuit 802 and mixer circuit 814 may each comprise two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion, respectively, with the aid of synthesizer 804. In some embodiments, mixer circuit 802 and mixer circuit 814 may each include two or more mixers, each configured for image rejection (e.g., hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, mixer circuit 802 and mixer circuit 814 may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, mixer circuit 802 and mixer circuit 814 may be configured for superheterodyne operation, but this is not required.

According to one embodiment, the mixer circuit 802 may include: quadrature passive mixers (e.g., for in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) paths). In such embodiments, the RF input signal 707 from fig. 8 may be down-converted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to be sent to the baseband processor.

The quadrature passive mixers may be driven by zero and ninety degree time-varying LO switching signals provided by quadrature circuits that may be configured to receive an LO frequency (fLO), such as LO frequency 805 of synthesizer 804 (fig. 8), from a local oscillator or synthesizer. In some embodiments, the LO frequency may be the carrier frequency, while in other embodiments, the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., half the carrier frequency, one third of the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the zero and ninety degree time-varying switching signals may be generated by a synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, the LO signals may differ in duty cycle (the percentage of a cycle in which the LO signal is high) and/or offset (the difference between the start of the cycle). In some embodiments, the LO signal may have a duty cycle of 85% and an offset of 80%. In some embodiments, each branch of the mixer circuit (e.g., in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) paths) may operate at an 80% duty cycle, which may result in a significant reduction in power consumption.

RF input signal 707 (fig. 7) may comprise a balanced signal, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to a low noise amplifier (e.g., amplifier circuit 806 (fig. 8)) or filter circuit 808 (fig. 8).

In some embodiments, output baseband signal 807 and input baseband signal 811 may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternative embodiments, the output baseband signal 807 and the input baseband signal 811 may be digital baseband signals. In these alternative embodiments, the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.

In some dual-mode implementations, separate radio IC circuits may be provided to process signals in each spectrum or other spectrums not mentioned herein, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 804 may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional-N/N +1 synthesizer, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, the synthesizer circuit 804 can be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase locked loop with a frequency divider. According to some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 804 may comprise a digital synthesizer circuit. An advantage of using a digital synthesizer circuit is that although it may still include some analog components, its footprint may be much smaller than that of an analog synthesizer circuit. In some embodiments, the frequency input to the synthesizer circuit 804 may be provided by a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), but this is not required. The baseband processing circuits 608a-b (fig. 6) may further provide divider control inputs depending on the desired output frequency 805. In some implementations, the divider control input (e.g., N) can be determined from a look-up table (e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and a channel center frequency determined or indicated by the example application processor 610. The application processor 610 may include or otherwise be associated with one of the example secure signal converter 101 or the example received signal converter 103 (e.g., depending on which device the example radio architecture is implemented in).

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 804 may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 805, while in other embodiments, the output frequency 805 may be a portion of the carrier frequency (e.g., half the carrier frequency, one third of the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, output frequency 805 may be an LO frequency (fLO).

Fig. 9 illustrates a functional block diagram of a baseband processing circuit 608a, according to some embodiments. The baseband processing circuit 608a is one example of a circuit that may be suitable for use as the baseband processing circuit 608a (fig. 6), but other circuit configurations may also be suitable. Alternatively, the example BT baseband processing circuit 608b of fig. 6 may be implemented using the example of fig. 8.

The baseband processing circuitry 608a may include a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 902 to process receive baseband signals 809 provided by the radio IC circuitry 606a-b (fig. 6) and a transmit baseband processor (TX BBP) 904 to generate transmit baseband signals 711 for the radio IC circuitry 606 a-b. The baseband processing circuit 608a may also include control logic 906 to coordinate the operation of the baseband processing circuit 508 a.

In some implementations (e.g., when analog baseband signals are conducted between the baseband processing circuits 608a-b and the radio IC circuits 606 a-b), the baseband processing circuit 608a may include an ADC910 to convert analog baseband signals 909 received from the radio IC circuits 606a-b to digital baseband signals for RX BBP902 processing. In these embodiments, the baseband processing circuit 608a may also include a DAC912 to convert the digital baseband signal from the TX BBP904 to an analog baseband signal 911.

In some embodiments, for example, where the OFDM signal or OFDMA signal is communicated by the baseband processor 608a, the transmit baseband processor 904 may be configured to: an OFDM or OFDMA signal suitable for transmission is generated by performing an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT). The receive baseband processor 902 may be configured to: the received OFDM signal or OFDMA signal is processed by performing FFT. In some embodiments, the receive baseband processor 902 may be configured to: the presence of OFDM signals or OFDMA signals is detected by performing auto-correlation to detect a preamble (e.g., a short preamble) and by performing cross-correlation to detect a long preamble. The preamble may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communication.

Referring back to fig. 6, in some embodiments, antennas 601 (fig. 6) may each include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some MIMO implementations, the antennas may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result. Antennas 601 may each include a set of phased array antennas, but embodiments are not so limited.

Although the radio architectures 105A, 105B are illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFICs), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some implementations, a functional element may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. As used herein, the terms "computing device," "user device," "communication station," "handheld device," "mobile device," "wireless device," and "user equipment" (UE) refer to a wireless communication device, such as a cellular telephone, smartphone, tablet computer, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop computer, femtocell, high Data Rate (HDR) subscriber station, access point, printer, point-of-sale device, access terminal, or other Personal Communication System (PCS) device. The device may be mobile or stationary.

As used in this document, the term "communication" is intended to include either transmitting or receiving, or both. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data sent by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of these devices is required to infringe the claims. Similarly, when the functionality of only one of the devices is claimed, the two-way data progression between two devices (both devices transmitting and receiving during the progression) may be described as "communication. The term "communicate" as used herein with respect to wireless communication signals includes transmitting wireless communication signals and/or receiving wireless communication signals. For example, a wireless communication unit capable of communicating wireless communication signals may include a wireless transmitter for transmitting wireless communication signals to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver for receiving wireless communication signals from at least one other wireless communication unit.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

The term "access point" (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station. An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node B (eNodeB), or some other similar terminology known in the art. An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user Equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art. Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to a wireless network operating according to one of the IEEE802.11 standards.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, such as Personal Computers (PCs), desktop computers, mobile computers, laptop computers, notebook computers, tablet computers, server computers, handheld devices, personal Digital Assistant (PDA) devices, handheld PDA devices, onboard devices, off-board devices, hybrid devices, onboard devices, offboard devices, mobile or portable devices, consumer devices, non-mobile or non-portable devices, wireless communication stations, wireless communication devices, wireless Access Points (APs), wired or wireless routers, wired or wireless modems, video devices, audio-video (A/V) devices, wired or wireless networks, wireless local area networks, wireless video local area networks (WVANs), local Area Networks (LANs), wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), personal Area Networks (PANs), wireless PANs (WPANs), and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with the following devices: one-way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radiotelephone communication systems, mobile telephones, cellular telephones, radiotelephones, personal Communication Systems (PCS) devices, PDA devices that incorporate wireless communication devices, mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, devices that incorporate GPS receivers or transceivers or chips, devices that incorporate RFID elements or chips, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceivers or devices, single-input multiple-output (SIMO) transceivers or devices, multiple-input single-output (MISO) transceivers or devices, devices having one or more internal and/or external antennas, digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or systems, wired or wireless handheld devices (e.g., smartphones), wireless Application Protocol (WAP) devices, and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems that conform to one or more wireless communication protocols, such as Radio Frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time Division Multiplexing (TDM), time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general Packet Radio Service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA2000, single carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete Multitone (DMT), and/or wireless communication systems,

Global Positioning System (GPS), wi-Fi, wi-Max, zigBee, ultra Wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advance, enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), and the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems, and/or networks.

The following examples relate to further embodiments.

Example 1 may include an apparatus comprising processing circuitry coupled with a memory, the processing circuitry configured to: determining a value associated with a Power Spectral Density (PSD); assigning the value as not proportional to a bandwidth of the frame; and causing the frame to be transmitted to a first station device of the one or more station devices.

Example 2 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the value may be between-42 dBM/Mhz to-30 dBM/Mhz.

Example 3 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the emission spectrum may not exceed a temporary emission spectrum mask and a maximum of the values in dBm/MHz at any frequency offset.

Example 4 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

Example 5 may include the apparatus of example 4 and/or some other example herein, further comprising an antenna coupled with the transceiver to transmit the frame.

Example 6 may include a non-AP device comprising processing circuitry coupled with a memory, the processing circuitry configured to: indicating support for receiving Downlink (DL) multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmissions on resource units/multiple resource units (RUs/MRUs) in an ultra-high throughput (EHT) multi-user (MU) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the RUs/MRUs span a portion of the PPDU bandwidth.

Example 7 may include the non-AP device of example 6 and/or some other example herein, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: indicating support for transmission of partial bandwidth MU feedback in an EHT Trigger (TB) -based sounding sequence, wherein a partial Bandwidth (BW) information subfield in an EHT Null Data Packet (NDP) announcement frame indicates a puncturing pattern different from that indicated in a puncturing channel information field of a U-SIG field of the EHT NDP.

Example 8 may include an AP device comprising processing circuitry coupled with a memory, the processing circuitry configured to: in the sounding sequence of the EHT TB, it is indicated that reception of Partial bandwidth multi-user feedback is supported, and a feedback bandwidth requested by the AP device to the non-AP device depends on a Partial bandwidth information (Partial BW Info) subfield in a station information (STA Info) field identifying the non-AP device.

Example 9 may include the AP device of example 8 and/or some other example herein, wherein the Partial bandwidth MU Feedback refers to a Feedback mode in which a Feedback RU/MRU size indicated in a Partial BW Info subfield of the NDP announcement frame spans a portion of available BW within the non-AP device operating BW.

Example 10 may include a non-AP device comprising processing circuitry coupled with a memory, the processing circuitry configured to: in the EHT TB sounding sequence, it is indicated that transmission of full bandwidth Single User (SU) feedback or partial bandwidth SU feedback is supported.

Example 11 may include the non-AP device of example 10 and/or some other example herein, to indicate that transmission of full-bandwidth SU feedback is supported by setting a trigger SU beamforming full-bandwidth feedback subfield of an ultra-high throughput (EHT) Capabilities (Capabilities) capability Information (Capabilities Information) field in an EHT physical layer (PHY) capability element of its transmission to 1; and indicating that transmission of partial bandwidth SU feedback is supported by setting a trigger SU beamforming partial bandwidth feedback subfield of an EHT physical layer (PHY) capability Information (Capabilities Information) field in an ultra high throughput (EHT) Capabilities (Capabilities) element of its transmission to 1.

Example 12 may include an AP device comprising processing circuitry coupled with a memory, the processing circuitry configured to: indicating support for reception of partial or full bandwidth SU feedback in a TB sounding sequence in which partial or full bandwidth SU feedback from a non-AP device is requested.

Example 13 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, result in performing operations comprising: determining a value associated with a Power Spectral Density (PSD); assigning the value as not proportional to a bandwidth of the frame; and causing the frame to be transmitted to a first station device of the one or more station devices.

Example 14 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 13 and/or some other example herein, wherein the value may be between-42 dBM/Mhz and-30 dBM/Mhz.

Example 15 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 13 and/or some other example herein, wherein the emission spectrum may not exceed a temporary emission spectrum mask and a maximum of the values in dBm/MHz at any frequency offset.

Example 16 may include a method comprising: determining a value associated with a Power Spectral Density (PSD); assigning the value as not proportional to a bandwidth of the frame; and causing the frame to be transmitted to a first station device of the one or more station devices.

Example 17 may include the method of example 16 and/or some other example herein, wherein the value may be between-42 dBM/Mhz and-30 dBM/Mhz.

Example 18 may include the method of example 16 and/or some other example herein, wherein the value may be included in a triggered MU beamforming partial bandwidth feedback field (MU) beam formed partial bandwidth feedback field) of the frame.

Example 19 may include an apparatus comprising means for: determining a value associated with a Power Spectral Density (PSD); assigning the value as not proportional to a bandwidth of the frame; and causing the frame to be transmitted to a first station device of the one or more station devices.

Example 20 may include the apparatus of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the value may be between-42 dBM/Mhz and-30 dBM/Mhz.

Example 21 may include the apparatus of example 19 and/or some other example herein, wherein the value may be included in a trigger MU beamforming portion bandwidth feedback field of the frame.

Example 22 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the value may be included in a trigger MU beamforming portion bandwidth feedback field of the frame.

Example 23 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the value is included in a triggered SU beam shaping partial bandwidth feedback field (SU) beam shaping partial bandwidth feedback field) or a triggered SU beam shaping full bandwidth feedback field (SU) of the frame.

Example 24 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device to perform one or more elements of a described method, as described in or in connection with any one of examples 1-23, or as described in any other method or process herein, when the instructions are executed by one or more processors of the electronic device.

Example 25 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method involved, wherein the method is in or associated with any one of examples 1-23 or any other method or process involved herein.

Example 26 may include any one or a portion of examples 1-23, or a method, technique, or process related thereto.

Example 27 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors, and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the methods, techniques, or processes described in connection with or relating to any one or part of examples 1-23

Example 28 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network, as described above.

Example 29 may include the system to provide wireless network communications described above.

Example 30 may include an apparatus to provide wireless network communications as described above.

Embodiments according to the present disclosure are disclosed in particular in the accompanying claims directed to methods, storage media, devices and computer program products, wherein any feature mentioned in one claim category (e.g. method) may also be claimed in another claim category (e.g. system). The dependencies or references in the appended claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter resulting from an intentional reference to any previous claim (in particular multiple dependencies) may also be claimed, such that any combination of a claim and its features is disclosed and claimed regardless of the dependency selected in the appended claims. The subject matter that can be claimed comprises not only the combination of features set forth in the appended claims, but also any other combination of features in the claims, wherein each feature mentioned in the claims can be combined with any other feature or combination of features in the claims. Furthermore, any embodiments and features described or depicted herein may be claimed in a separate claim and/or in any combination with any embodiment or feature described or depicted herein or with any feature of the appended claims.

The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the implementations to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure are described above with reference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or computer program products according to various implementations. It will be understood that one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, respectively, can be implemented by computer-executable program instructions. Likewise, some blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams may not necessarily need to be performed in the order presented, or may not need to be performed at all, according to some implementations.

These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special purpose computer or other specific machine, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart block or blocks. By way of example, certain implementations may provide a computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code or program instructions embodied therewith, the computer readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

Conditional language, such as "may," "can," "might," or "may," unless expressly stated otherwise or otherwise understood within the context of usage, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations may include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply: the features, elements, and/or operations may be required in any manner for one or more implementations or one or more implementations may necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation.

Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific implementations disclosed and that modifications and other implementations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (21)

1. An apparatus comprising processing circuitry coupled with a memory, the processing circuitry configured to:

determining a value associated with a Power Spectral Density (PSD);

assigning the value as not proportional to a bandwidth of the frame; and

causing the frame to be transmitted to a first station device of the one or more station devices.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the value is between-42 dBM/Mhz and-30 dBM/Mhz.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transmit spectrum does not exceed a temporary transmit spectrum mask and a maximum of the values in dBm/MHz at any frequency offset.

4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising an antenna coupled with a transceiver to transmit the frame.

6. A non-access point (non-AP) device, the device comprising processing circuitry coupled with a memory, the processing circuitry configured to:

indicating support for receiving Downlink (DL) multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmissions on resource units/multiple resource units (RUs/MRUs) in an ultra-high throughput (EHT) multi-user (MU) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the RUs/MRUs span a portion of the PPDU bandwidth.

7. The non-AP device of claim 6, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to: indicating support for transmission of partial bandwidth MU feedback in an EHT Trigger (TB) -based sounding sequence, wherein a partial Bandwidth (BW) information subfield in an EHT Null Data Packet (NDP) announcement frame indicates a puncturing pattern different from that indicated in a puncturing channel information field of a U-SIG field of the EHT NDP.

8. An Access Point (AP) device, the AP device comprising processing circuitry coupled with a memory, the processing circuitry configured to:

in a sounding sequence of the EHT TB, indicating support for reception of partial bandwidth multi-user feedback,

the feedback bandwidth requested by the AP device from the non-AP device depends on a Partial bandwidth information (Partial BW Info) subfield in a station information (STA Info) field identifying the non-AP device.

9. The AP device of claim 8, wherein Partial bandwidth MU Feedback refers to a Feedback mode where Feedback RU/MRU size indicated in Partial BW Info subfield of NDP announcement frame spans Partial available BW within non-AP device operating BW.

10. A non-AP device, the device comprising processing circuitry coupled with a memory, the processing circuitry configured to:

in the EHT TB sounding sequence, it is indicated that transmission of full bandwidth Single User (SU) feedback or partial bandwidth SU feedback is supported.

11. The non-AP device of claim 10, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to:

indicating support for transmission of Full-Bandwidth SU Feedback by setting a Triggered SU Beamforming Full-Bandwidth Feedback (Feedback) subfield of an ultra-high throughput (EHT) capability Information (Capabilities) field in an EHT physical layer (PHY) capability element of its transmission to 1; and

indicating support for transmission of Partial Bandwidth SU Feedback by setting a Triggered SU Beamforming Partial Bandwidth Feedback (Feedback) subfield of an EHT physical layer (PHY) capability Information (Capabilities Information) field in an ultra high throughput (EHT) Capabilities (Capabilities) element of its transmission to 1.

12. An AP device, the device comprising processing circuitry coupled with a memory, the processing circuitry configured to:

indicating support for reception of partial or full bandwidth SU feedback in a TB sounding sequence; and

requesting partial or full bandwidth SU feedback from a non-AP device in the TB sounding sequence.

13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations comprising:

determining a value associated with a Power Spectral Density (PSD);

assigning the value as not proportional to a bandwidth of the frame; and

causing the frame to be transmitted to a first station device of the one or more station devices.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the value is between-42 dBM/Mhz and-30 dBM/Mhz.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the transmit spectrum does not exceed a maximum of a temporary transmit spectrum mask and the value in dBm/MHz at any frequency offset.

16. A method, comprising:

determining, by one or more processors, a value associated with a Power Spectral Density (PSD);

assigning the value as not proportional to a bandwidth of the frame; and

causing the frame to be transmitted to a first station device of the one or more station devices.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the value may be between-42 dBM/Mhz and-30 dBM/Mhz.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the transmit spectrum does not exceed a temporary transmit spectrum mask and a maximum of the values in dBm/MHz at any frequency offset.

19. An apparatus comprising means for:

determining a value associated with a Power Spectral Density (PSD);

assigning the value as not proportional to a bandwidth of the frame; and

causing the frame to be transmitted to a first station device of the one or more station devices.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the value is between-42 dBM/Mhz and-30 dBM/Mhz.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the transmit spectrum does not exceed a temporary transmit spectrum mask and a maximum of the values in dBm/MHz at any frequency offset.

Images