CN115377555A

CN115377555A - Battery heating control method, device, equipment and storage medium

Info

Publication number: CN115377555A
Application number: CN202210447774.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李占良; 赵元淼; 颜昱; 但志敏; 陈新伟
Original assignee: Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-04-26
Filing date: 2022-04-26
Publication date: 2022-11-22
Also published as: WO2023207413A1

Abstract

The application discloses a battery heating control method, a device, equipment and a storage medium. The battery heating control method comprises the following steps: receiving a reservation starting instruction sent by a user terminal; the reservation starting instruction at least comprises reservation use time; determining that the power battery system at the current moment meets a preset quick-heating starting condition; determining a target current frequency when the battery is self-heated based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature and reserved vehicle-using time; and controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency. The battery self-heating control method and the battery self-heating control system can timely control the power battery system to carry out battery self-heating before a user uses the battery self-heating control system, save the time for the user to wait for the battery to be heated, and avoid the phenomenon of lithium precipitation.

Description

Battery heating control method, device, equipment and storage medium

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a battery heating control method, device, equipment and storage medium.

Background

In order to improve the adaptability of electric vehicles in cold regions, more and more electric vehicles are adapted with the self-heating function of a power battery. The self-heating function refers to a mechanism that when the ambient temperature of the vehicle is low, the power battery system can automatically heat the battery through a loop between the battery and the motor.

At present, the user finds that the car can not be started after getting on the bus, just can open power battery's self-heating function, and carries out the self-heating to power battery, needs certain time just can make battery temperature reach normal use temperature, so, the user need wait for longer time in colder environment, has greatly reduced user's experience with the car. And in order to reduce the waiting time, the user will usually heat up as fast as possible, so that the lithium precipitation phenomenon is easily caused by the rapid heating of the battery at the extremely low temperature.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present application provides a battery heating control method, device, apparatus, and storage medium, which can control a power battery system to perform battery self-heating in time before a user uses the battery, save the time for the user to wait for the battery to be heated, and avoid the lithium precipitation phenomenon.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a battery heating control method, including:

receiving a reservation starting instruction sent by a user terminal; the reserved starting instruction at least comprises reserved using time;

determining that the power battery system at the current moment meets a preset quick-heating starting condition;

determining a target current frequency when the battery is self-heated based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature and reserved vehicle-using time; the target current frequency is the maximum frequency meeting the temperature rise target;

and controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency.

In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, after receiving a reserved starting instruction including reserved service time sent by a user terminal, whether a battery and a motor meet a quick-heating starting condition is determined firstly, under the condition that the quick-heating starting condition is met, the battery can be charged by an external charging device (such as a charging pile) before a user gets on a vehicle, and the power battery system is controlled to self-heat the battery in advance in time.

When the power battery system carries out battery self-heating, the time for completing the battery self-heating is different according to the current frequency and amplitude (the current frequency and the current amplitude are in negative correlation) of a charge-discharge loop, generally, the lower the frequency is, the higher the current is, the shorter the time for completing the battery self-heating is, but when the temperature is extremely low, the rapid heating is carried out, more Li < + > is promoted to move to the battery cathode, and the speed for Li atoms to be embedded into graphite is far lower than the speed for Li < + > to move to the battery cathode, so the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the battery is aggravated. Therefore, in the embodiment, the target current frequency when the battery is self-heated, that is, the maximum current frequency meeting the temperature rise purpose, is determined based on the current temperature of the battery, the preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle-using time, and then the power battery system is controlled to self-heat the battery based on the target current frequency, so that the influence of the self-heating of the battery on the performance of the battery core is reduced, and the lithium separation phenomenon of the battery is avoided.

In some embodiments, determining that the power battery system satisfies the preset quick warm start condition at the present moment comprises: determining that the current battery temperature of the battery conforms to a preset temperature range; determining that the current capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to a preset battery threshold; it is determined that the motor is currently at rest and has no fault. Therefore, the power battery system is determined to meet the preset quick-heating starting condition, and the situation that the battery self-heating function is forcibly started under the condition that the battery parameters and the motor parameters do not meet the quick-heating starting condition, so that components and parts are damaged and ineffective heating is avoided.

In some embodiments, the determining that the battery temperature at the current time meets the preset temperature range includes: determining that the battery temperature at the current moment is smaller than a first preset temperature threshold and larger than a second preset temperature threshold; the second preset temperature threshold is determined according to the lithium separation temperature of the battery. Therefore, the phenomenon that the battery is heated at extremely low temperature and then lithium atoms are precipitated can be avoided.

In some embodiments, determining the target current frequency when the battery performs self-heating based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle using time comprises: determining the predicted maximum time required for completing the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature and the preset target temperature of the battery; and determining the target current frequency when the battery is self-heated according to the predicted maximum time length and the reserved time length from the current time to the reserved vehicle using time. Therefore, the target current frequency is determined based on the predicted maximum time length and the reserved time length, and the temperature of the battery is increased as slowly as possible, so that a more ideal temperature increasing effect is achieved.

In some embodiments, determining the target current frequency for self-heating the battery according to the predicted maximum time and the reserved time from the current time to the reserved vehicle using time comprises: determining whether the reserved time length from the current moment to the reserved vehicle using time is greater than the predicted maximum time length; if so, taking the self-heating current frequency corresponding to the predicted maximum duration as the target current frequency; and if not, taking the self-heating current frequency corresponding to the reserved time length as the target current frequency. Therefore, the frequency heating corresponding to the selected duration within a certain range of duration is adopted, so that the battery is not greatly damaged.

In some embodiments, determining the predicted maximum time required to complete the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and the preset target temperature includes: searching a preset heating table based on the current temperature and a preset target temperature, and determining the predicted maximum time required for heating the battery from the current temperature to the preset target temperature; the preset heating table at least records the corresponding relation among the current temperature, the preset target temperature and the predicted maximum duration. So, can be based on the current temperature of battery and predetermine the target temperature, look for and predetermine the heating form to confirm fast with the battery from the current temperature heat up to predetermine the required prediction maximum duration of target temperature, can effectively shorten the determination time of prediction maximum duration, not only can improve the reaction time of procedure, the reservation start-up instruction of quick corresponding user terminal can also have more times to carry out the battery self-heating when the reservation duration is shorter.

In some embodiments, determining the predicted maximum time period required to complete the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature comprises: determining a current power range of self-heating of the power battery system based on the current temperature and a preset target temperature of the battery; and calculating the predicted maximum time length required for heating the battery from the current temperature to the preset target temperature based on the current power range. In this way, the current power range and the predicted maximum duration can be determined by means of analytical calculations.

In some embodiments, after determining the predicted maximum time required to complete the self-heating of the battery, the method further comprises: determining a proposed predicted minimum time for completing self-heating of the battery, and determining whether the reserved time is less than the predicted minimum time; if yes, information of insufficient preheating time is fed back to the user terminal so as to prompt the user in time when the preheating time is insufficient, and the user can delay the vehicle using appointment time after receiving the feedback so as to avoid that the battery cannot be started when the vehicle is used.

In some embodiments, controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency comprises: if the reserved duration of the reserved vehicle-using time is greater than the predicted maximum duration, calculating the difference duration of the reserved duration and the predicted maximum duration, and controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency after the difference duration; and if the reserved time length of the reserved vehicle using time is less than or equal to the predicted maximum time length, immediately controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency. Therefore, the power battery system can be controlled in time to carry out battery self-heating based on the target current frequency according to the relation between the reserved time length and the predicted maximum time length, so that the battery can be heated slowly within a limited time as much as possible, and a more ideal heating effect is achieved.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises: based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle-using time, re-determining the target current frequency of the battery during self-heating every preset time or after the preset temperature is programmed and raised; and controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the currently and newly determined target current frequency. Therefore, the target current frequency of the battery during self-heating is re-determined every preset time or the predicted temperature rise preset temperature according to the current temperature of the battery, so that the aim of updating the target current frequency according to the predicted maximum duration is fulfilled.

In some embodiments, after controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency, the method further comprises: determining whether the power battery system completes battery self-heating; if so, detecting the actual temperature of the battery after the battery is heated, and determining whether the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the preset target temperature; if yes, sending battery preheating completion information to the user terminal; and if not, controlling the power battery system to continue the battery self-heating process. Therefore, the battery self-heating process can be ensured to be really finished, the situation that heating is finished in advance due to mistaken touch or other reasons, or the battery self-heating cannot be exactly realized due to an unsatisfactory heating result is avoided, and the like.

In some embodiments, the power battery system comprises a battery, an inverter module, a charge-discharge switching bridge arm and a motor respectively connected with each phase bridge arm of the inverter module and the charge-discharge switching bridge arm; a switch circuit is arranged between the battery and the inversion module; before the control power battery system carries out battery self-heating based on the target current frequency, still include: and controlling the switch circuit to be conducted to enable the power battery system to provide preset high voltage for the vehicle so as to realize a high voltage process on the whole vehicle.

In some embodiments, the switching circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a first resistor; the first switch is arranged between the battery and an upper bridge arm of the inverter module; the second switch and the third switch are connected in parallel and are both arranged between the battery and a lower bridge arm of the inverter module; the first resistor is connected with the third switch in series and is connected with the second switch in parallel; control switching circuit switches on, makes power battery system provides the preset high pressure for the vehicle, includes: controlling the first switch and the third switch to be conducted, so that the difference value between the first voltage of the second switch close to the battery side and the second voltage of the second switch close to the motor side is smaller than a preset voltage difference; and controlling the second switch to be switched on and the third switch to be switched off so that the power battery system provides preset high voltage for the vehicle, and controlling the power battery system to be a high voltage process on the whole vehicle through the switch circuit.

In some embodiments, the switching circuit further includes a fourth switch disposed between the motor and the charge-discharge switching leg; after the control power battery system performs battery self-heating based on the target current frequency, the control power battery system further comprises: detecting whether the charging and discharging switching bridge arm is short-circuited or not; and if so, controlling the fourth switch to be switched off. The short circuit between the central line of the motor and the anode or the cathode of the battery can be avoided, so that the three-phase bridge arm of the inverter and the three-phase winding of the motor can still maintain the running, and the loss of power is avoided.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery heating control method, including:

receiving a reservation starting instruction sent by a user terminal; the reservation starting instruction at least comprises reservation use time;

sending a self-checking instruction to a battery manager and a motor controller to determine whether the power battery system meets a preset quick-warm starting condition at the current moment;

receiving a first self-checking result fed back by the battery manager and a second self-checking result fed back by the motor controller;

if the first self-checking result and the second self-checking result both represent that preset quick-warm starting conditions are met, sending a quick-warm starting instruction to a battery manager and a motor controller so that the battery manager and the motor controller can control a power battery system to carry out battery self-heating; the quick hot start instruction at least comprises the reserved using time.

In some embodiments, before sending the quick warm start instruction to the battery manager and the motor controller, the method further includes:

and sending a high voltage instruction to the battery manager so that the battery manager controls the power battery system to provide preset high voltage for the electric equipment.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a battery heating control method, including:

receiving a self-checking instruction sent by a vehicle controller, and determining that the battery parameter at the current moment meets a preset quick warm start condition;

receiving a quick-heating starting instruction sent by the vehicle controller, wherein the quick-heating starting instruction at least comprises the reserved vehicle using time;

determining the target current frequency of the battery for self-heating based on the current temperature of the battery, the preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle using time;

and controlling a power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency.

In some embodiments, the determining that the battery parameter at the current time meets the preset quick warm start condition includes:

determining that the current battery temperature of the battery meets a preset temperature range;

determining that the current capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to a preset battery threshold.

In some embodiments, determining the target current frequency when the battery performs self-heating based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle using time comprises: determining the predicted maximum time required for completing the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature; and determining the target current frequency when the battery is self-heated according to the predicted maximum time and the reserved time from the current moment to the reserved vehicle using time.

In some embodiments, determining the target current frequency for self-heating the battery according to the predicted maximum time and the reserved time from the current time to the reserved vehicle using time comprises: determining whether the reserved time length from the current moment to the reserved vehicle using time is greater than the predicted maximum time length or not; if so, taking the current frequency when the self-heating is carried out by adopting the predicted maximum duration as the target current frequency; and if not, taking the current frequency when the self-heating is carried out by adopting the reserved time length as the target current frequency.

In some embodiments, the determining the target current frequency when the battery performs self-heating based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle using time includes: searching a preset heating table based on the current temperature and a preset target temperature, and determining the maximum time required for heating the battery from the current temperature to the preset target temperature; the preset heating table at least records the corresponding relation among the current temperature, the preset target temperature and the predicted maximum duration.

In some embodiments, the determining the predicted maximum time period required for the power battery system to complete self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature includes: determining a current frequency range of the power battery system for self-heating based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature; and calculating the predicted maximum time length required for heating the battery from the current temperature to the preset target temperature based on the current frequency range.

In some embodiments, after the predicted maximum time period required for the power battery system to complete self-heating of the battery, the method further comprises: determining the predicted minimum time length required by the power battery system to finish the self-heating of the battery, and determining whether the reserved time length is less than the predicted minimum time length or not; and if so, feeding back information of insufficient preheating time to a vehicle controller.

In some embodiments, after controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating, the method further includes: determining whether the power battery system completes a battery self-heating process; if so, detecting the actual temperature of the battery after the self-heating of the battery is finished by the power battery system, and determining whether the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the preset target temperature; if so, sending battery preheating completion information to a vehicle controller; and if not, controlling the power battery system to continue the battery self-heating process.

In some embodiments, before controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating, the method further comprises: receiving an upper high voltage instruction sent by a vehicle controller, and controlling the power battery system to provide preset high voltage for power utilization equipment; the power battery system is adopted by the power equipment to provide power.

In some embodiments, the power battery system comprises a battery, an inverter, a charge-discharge switching circuit and a motor respectively connected with each phase bridge arm of the inverter and the charge-discharge switching circuit; a switching circuit is arranged between the battery and the inverter; control power battery system provides the preset high pressure for the consumer, includes: and controlling the switch circuit to be conducted so that the power battery system provides preset high voltage for the power equipment.

In some embodiments, the switching circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a first resistor; the first switch is arranged between the battery and an upper bridge arm of the inverter; the second switch and the third switch are connected in parallel and are both arranged between the battery and a lower bridge arm of the inverter; the first resistor is connected with the third switch in series and is connected with the second switch in parallel; the control switch circuit switches on, makes power battery system for the consumer provides preset high pressure, includes: controlling the first switch and the third switch to be conducted, so that the difference value between the first voltage of the second switch close to the battery side and the second voltage of the second switch close to the motor side is smaller than a preset voltage difference; and controlling the second switch to be conducted and the third switch to be closed, and providing preset high voltage for the electric equipment.

In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a battery heating control apparatus, comprising:

the instruction receiving module is used for receiving a reservation starting instruction sent by the user terminal; the reservation starting instruction at least comprises reservation use time;

the condition determining module is used for determining whether the power battery system at the current moment meets a preset quick hot start condition;

the duration determining module is used for determining the predicted maximum duration required by the power battery system to finish the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and the preset target temperature if the battery is heated, and determining whether the reserved duration from the current moment to the reserved service time is greater than the predicted maximum duration or not;

the heating starting module is used for calculating the difference time length between the reserved time length and the predicted maximum time length if the preset time length is equal to the predicted maximum time length, and controlling the power battery system to carry out battery self-heating after the difference time length; if not, immediately controlling the power battery system to carry out battery self-heating.

In a fifth aspect, the application provides a power consumption device, which includes a power battery system, and further includes the battery heating control device of the fourth aspect.

In a sixth aspect, the present application provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the computer program to implement the method according to any one of the first, second and third aspects.

In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for execution by a processor to perform the method according to any one of the first, second and third aspects.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, and the present application can be implemented according to the content of the description in order to make the technical means of the present application more clearly understood, and the following detailed description of the present application is given in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understandable.

Drawings

Various additional advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. Moreover, like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power cell system according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an application of a control module according to some embodiments of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a battery heating control method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power cell system including a switching circuit according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating another method for controlling heating of a battery according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating another method for controlling heating of a battery according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating another method for controlling heating of a battery according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery heating control device according to some embodiments of the present application.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application more clearly, and therefore are only used as examples, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "including" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of this application and the description of the above figures are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing different objects, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number, specific order, or primary-secondary relationship of the technical features indicated. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and/or" is only one kind of association relationship describing an associated object, and means that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B, and may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "plurality" refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, "plural sets" refers to two or more (including two), and "plural pieces" refers to two or more (including two).

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate the directions or positional relationships indicated in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description of the embodiments of the present application and for simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are used in a broad sense, and for example, may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; mechanical connection or electrical connection is also possible; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.

At present, the application of the power battery is more and more extensive from the development of market situation. The power battery is not only applied to energy storage power supply systems such as hydraulic power, firepower, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely applied to electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric automobiles and the like, and a plurality of fields such as military equipment and aerospace. With the continuous expansion of the application field of the power battery, the market demand is also continuously expanding.

The inventor has noted that the use of power batteries in low temperature environments is somewhat limited. Specifically, the discharge capacity of the power battery in a low-temperature environment is seriously declined, and the battery cannot be charged in the low-temperature environment, so that the vehicle-using experience of a user is reduced.

In order to improve the adaptability of the electric automobile in cold regions, the applicant researches and discovers that more and more electric automobiles are matched with the self-heating function of the power battery. The self-heating function is

The mechanism is that when the ambient temperature of the vehicle is low, the power battery system can automatically heat the battery through a loop between the battery and the motor. However, in most cases, the self-heating function of the power battery is started to enable the power battery system to perform battery self-heating after a user finds that the automobile cannot be started after getting on the automobile. In addition, the vehicle is placed for a long time under a low-temperature environment, for example, the vehicle is parked for three months outdoors in winter, and the user terminal may display that the remaining power is insufficient. However, in cold regions, the battery temperature may be extremely low (for example, below-20 ℃), and the battery cannot be directly charged (the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the battery is easily generated); or when the temperature is low (such as-5 ℃), the high-power current cannot be directly adopted for quick charging (otherwise, lithium can be separated), the self-heating function of the battery needs to be started firstly to improve the temperature of the battery, and then the high-power current can be adopted for quick charging.

And self-heating power battery, only need certain time to make battery temperature reach target temperature (normal service temperature, can be zero degree usually), so, the user need wait for longer time (battery self-heating time) in colder environment, has also greatly reduced user's experience of using the car. In order to reduce the waiting time, users usually heat up as quickly as possible, so that the lithium deposition phenomenon is easily caused when the battery is heated up rapidly at extremely low temperature.

Based on the above consideration, in order to solve the problems that a user waits for a long time in a cold environment due to the fact that the user gets on the vehicle and then performs battery self-heating, user experience is reduced, a lithium separation phenomenon is prone to occurring, and the like, through intensive research, the inventor designs a battery heating control method.

By adopting the battery heating control method provided by the embodiment, after receiving the reserved starting instruction including the reserved service time sent by the user terminal, whether the battery and the motor meet the quick-heating starting condition or not is determined, under the condition that the quick-heating starting condition is met, the power battery system can be controlled to perform battery self-heating in advance before a user gets on the vehicle or before an external charging device (such as a charging pile) is used for charging the battery, so that when the user gets on the vehicle or inserts a gun for charging, the power battery system finishes battery self-heating, the temperature of the battery is increased to an appropriate range, the discharging power of the battery can reach the required large power, the user can use the vehicle at will, or the battery is charged quickly by adopting the large current, the user does not need to wait for a long time (the battery self-heating time) in a cold environment, and the vehicle using experience of the user is greatly improved.

In practical application, when the power battery system performs battery self-heating, the time for completing the battery self-heating is different according to the current frequency and amplitude (the current frequency and the current amplitude are inversely related) of a charge-discharge loop, in general, the lower the frequency is, the larger the current is, the shorter the time required for completing the battery self-heating is, but when the temperature is extremely low, rapid heating is performed, so that more Li + is promoted to move to a battery cathode, and the speed of Li atoms being embedded into graphite is far lower than the speed of Li + moving to the battery cathode, so that the lithium separation phenomenon of the battery is aggravated. Therefore, in the embodiment, the target current frequency when the battery is self-heated, that is, the maximum current frequency meeting the temperature rise purpose, is determined based on the current temperature of the battery, the preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle-using time, and then the power battery system is controlled to self-heat the battery based on the target current frequency, so as to avoid the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the battery.

The battery heating control method disclosed by the embodiment of the application can be applied to electric equipment such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts, but is not limited to the electric equipment. The battery heating control method disclosed by the application is executed by the electric equipment, or the battery heating control device capable of executing the battery heating control method is applied, when a user starts the electric equipment, the power battery system finishes battery self-heating, even in a low-temperature external environment, the electric equipment can be directly started, the user does not need to wait for a long time in a cold environment, and the use experience of the user is greatly improved.

The embodiment of the application provides electric equipment applying the battery heating control method, and the electric equipment can be but is not limited to electric automobiles, ships, spacecrafts, electric toys, electric tools, battery cars and the like. The electric toy may include a stationary or mobile electric toy, such as a game machine, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, an electric airplane toy, and the like, and the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spacecraft, and the like.

For convenience of description, the following embodiments take an electric device of an embodiment of the present application as an example of a vehicle 1000.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The vehicle 1000 may be a new energy vehicle including a power battery system, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a range-extended vehicle, etc. The power battery system arranged in the vehicle 1000 comprises a battery 100, an inverter 200 and a motor 300, wherein the battery 100 converts electric energy into mechanical energy through the inverter 200, and the mechanical energy is used as an operation power supply of the vehicle 1000 and also used as a driving power supply of the vehicle 1000 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 instead of or partially replace fuel oil or natural gas.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in the figure, the power battery system also comprises a charge-discharge switching circuit. The inverter is connected to the battery, which may include M-phase leg circuits (which may be, but are not limited to, three phases as shown), and the leg circuits are connected in parallel with the battery. The motor may include a motor having M windings that are respectively connected in one-to-one correspondence with M-phase bridge arms of the bridge arm circuit. The charging and discharging switching circuit is respectively connected with the bridge arm circuit and the central line of the motor, and the battery, the inverter, the charging and discharging switching circuit and the motor form a charging loop and a discharging loop which are alternately switched by controlling the conduction of an upper bridge arm (or a lower bridge arm) of a three-phase bridge arm in the bridge arm circuit and the conduction of a lower bridge arm (or an upper bridge arm) of the charging and discharging switching circuit, so that the self-heating of the battery is realized by charging and discharging the battery pack, namely, the pulse quick heating function of the battery is realized.

It should be noted that the charge/discharge switching circuit shown in fig. 2 is only one embodiment of the present embodiment, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto as long as the charge/discharge circuit capable of alternately switching is implemented. For example, the inverter can also comprise M-phase bridge arms, wherein M upper bridge arms are respectively connected with M lower bridge arms of the inverter, so that the battery, the inverter, the motor and the charge-discharge switching circuit form a charging loop; and the M lower bridge arms of the charge-discharge switching circuit are respectively connected with the M upper bridge arms of the inverter, so that the battery, the inverter, the motor and the charge-discharge switching circuit form a discharge loop.

The vehicle 1000 further comprises a control module, the control module can be connected with the vehicle cloud platform and can be connected with the vehicle owner APP through the vehicle cloud platform, and therefore the command issued by the vehicle owner APP can be received. Or the control module can also directly carry out close range communication with the car owner APP as long as the control module can receive the instruction issued by the car owner APP.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic application diagram of a control module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The control module may be integrated in one or several domain controllers, and may also include a vehicle controller VCU, a battery manager BMS and a motor controller MCU. The vehicle controller VCU is used for controlling the whole vehicle, and can be connected and communicated with other controllers and external equipment (such as a vehicle cloud platform and a vehicle owner APP) inside. The battery manager BMS may be used to control the batteries of the power battery system and to detect the battery status. The motor controller MCU can be used for controlling a motor and an inverter of the power battery system and detecting the states of the motor and the inverter. And CAN communication CAN be established among the vehicle controller VCU, the battery manager BMS and the motor controller MCU through a bus. The vehicle owner APP communicates with the vehicle cloud platform and the control module through a wireless network, or the vehicle owner APP communicates with the control module in a short distance through Bluetooth and other modes.

The battery heating control method provided by the present application can be executed by using the control module, but is not limited to using a domain controller, or by using a vehicle controller VCU, a battery manager BMS, and a motor controller MCU in steps, as long as the battery heating control method can be implemented, and the present application is not particularly limited thereto.

Example one

Referring to fig. 4, according to some embodiments of the present application, fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a battery heating control method provided in some embodiments of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, the battery heating control method includes the steps of:

and step S11, receiving a reservation starting instruction sent by the user terminal.

The present embodiment takes the above-mentioned control module as an execution main body for detailed description. The user terminal may be understood as a carrier device of the vehicle owner APP, such as a mobile phone and a tablet computer.

Here, the receiving of the reservation starting instruction sent by the user may be direct receiving, or receiving through a vehicle cloud platform or other intermediate network platforms, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

The reserved start command may include at least a reserved usage time, such as a duration of a rear use (a may be any positive number representing duration, such as hours, minutes, etc.), or b time use (b may be any data representing time, such as minutes, etc.).

And S12, determining that the power battery system at the current moment meets a preset quick-heating starting condition.

In view of the above principle of performing pulse rapid heating, the power battery system satisfies the preset rapid heating start condition, the battery parameter satisfies a certain condition, the motor parameter satisfies a certain condition, and the motor system (which may be understood as an overall circuit system including the motor and the inverter) is fault-free. The battery parameter may include a battery temperature, among others. The battery parameter may also include battery power, since when the battery power is very low, it may not be sufficient to maintain self-heating. In view of the above-mentioned self-heating of the battery by forming an alternately switched charge-discharge loop with the motor, the inverter, etc., the motor parameters may include parameters representing the state of the motor, such as motor torque, rotation speed, current, etc., and parameters representing whether the motor is faulty (which may represent whether the inverter is faulty).

According to the above principle of performing rapid pulse heating, the rapid heating start condition may include that the current battery temperature of the battery meets a preset temperature range, the current capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to a preset battery threshold, and the motor is currently in a stationary state and has no fault.

The preset temperature range may be understood as a temperature range in which the battery needs to be heated, for example, less than zero degrees, or slightly greater or slightly less than zero degrees, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

After the power battery system is determined to meet the preset quick-warm starting condition, the situation that the battery self-heating function is started forcibly under the condition that the battery parameters and the motor parameters do not meet the quick-warm starting condition can be avoided, and components are damaged and ineffective heating is caused.

In the case of a lithium battery, the principle of charging is that Li + of the positive electrode moves to the negative electrode, and combines with electrons e-of the negative electrode to form Li atoms, which are inserted into the graphite porous structure of the negative electrode. The rate of Li atoms being inserted into the graphite is affected by the temperature, and the lower the temperature, the slower the insertion rate, and when too much Li + is moved to the negative electrode over a period of time and the formed Li atoms are not completely inserted into the graphite, lithium atoms are formed on the graphite surface, and these lithium atoms are the precipitated lithium. In order to avoid the precipitation of lithium atoms, when it is determined that the battery temperature at the current time meets the preset temperature range, it may be determined that the battery temperature at the current time is smaller than a first preset temperature threshold (usually 0, or slightly larger or slightly smaller than 0), and is greater than a second preset temperature threshold, where the second preset temperature threshold is determined according to the lithium precipitation temperature of the battery, and this embodiment is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, -30 ℃, -20 ℃, and the like.

The preset battery threshold may be understood as a power threshold capable of supporting the power battery system to perform pulse rapid heating, and the present embodiment is not particularly limited thereto. Specifically, SOC (State of charge) may be used to reflect the remaining capacity of the battery, which is numerically defined as the ratio of the remaining capacity to the battery capacity, and is in the range of 0 to 1, and may be expressed as a percentage, for example, when SOC =0, it indicates that the battery is completely discharged, and when SOC =1, it indicates that the battery is completely charged. The specific values of the present embodiment are not specifically limited, for example, 20%, 10%, and the like.

The motor system fault may be, but is not limited to, an insulation fault, a motor open-phase fault, an abnormally high motor temperature, and the like, and the motor no-fault may include good conductivity, no open-phase motor, a normal motor temperature, and the like.

And S13, determining the target current frequency of the battery during self-heating based on the current temperature of the battery, the preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle-using time.

The preset target temperature is understood to be the lowest temperature at which the battery can be normally used, and may be generally 0 ℃ or slightly greater than or slightly less than 0 ℃. The target current frequency may be, but is not limited to, a maximum current frequency that satisfies a temperature increase target when the battery is self-heated in a reserved usage time, that is, a maximum current frequency that enables the battery to be heated from a current temperature to a preset target temperature.

In some embodiments, the step S13 may include the following processing procedures: determining the predicted maximum time required for completing the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature; and determining the target current frequency when the battery is self-heated according to the predicted maximum time length and the reserved time length from the current time to the reserved vehicle using time. Therefore, the target current frequency is determined based on the predicted maximum time length and the reserved time length, and the temperature of the battery is increased as slowly as possible, so that a more ideal temperature increasing effect is achieved.

The predicted maximum duration may be understood as a maximum duration required for raising the temperature of the battery from the current temperature to the target temperature, which is obtained by theoretical analysis and calculation based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature.

In practical applications, when the power battery system performs battery self-heating, the time for completing the battery self-heating is different according to the current frequency and amplitude (the current frequency and the current amplitude are inversely related), generally, the lower the frequency and the higher the current are, the shorter the time for completing the battery self-heating is, but when the temperature is extremely low, rapid heating is performed, so that more Li + is promoted to move to the battery cathode, and the speed for Li atoms to be embedded into graphite is far lower than the speed for Li + to move to the battery cathode, so that the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the battery is aggravated. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of the lithium separation phenomenon of the battery, the target current frequency can be determined based on the predicted maximum time length and the reserved time length, the battery is self-heated at a frequency (and a current) which is as large as possible, the temperature of the battery is slowly increased as possible, and the battery can be self-heated at a longer time when the time is allowed.

In some embodiments, determining the target current frequency for self-heating the battery according to the predicted maximum time and the reserved time from the current time to the reserved vehicle using time comprises: determining whether the reserved time length from the current moment to the reserved vehicle using time is greater than the predicted maximum time length or not; if so, taking the self-heating current frequency corresponding to the predicted maximum duration as a target current frequency; and if not, taking the self-heating current frequency corresponding to the reserved time length as the target current frequency. Therefore, the frequency corresponding to the selected duration within a certain range is adopted for heating, so that the battery is not greatly damaged.

In the embodiment, firstly, based on the current temperature and the preset target temperature of the battery, the predicted maximum time length required by the power battery system for completing the self-heating of the battery and the reserved time length from the current moment to the reserved service time are determined, and whether the reserved time length is greater than the predicted maximum time length is compared.

If the reserved time length is longer than the predicted maximum time length, it is indicated that enough time is available for self-heating the battery, and a larger self-heating current frequency corresponding to the predicted maximum time length can be used as the target current frequency. In addition, if the heating is directly performed, the battery may be in a low temperature state when the user uses the vehicle, or the purpose of heating in advance may not be achieved, or the battery may be heated circularly, which causes resource waste. Therefore, the difference time length between the reserved time length and the predicted maximum time length can be calculated, and the power battery system is controlled to carry out self-heating on the battery after the difference time length is obtained. Therefore, the purpose of self-heating the battery can be achieved, resource waste can be avoided, and the self-heating cost of the battery is reduced.

If the reserved time length is less than or equal to the predicted maximum time length, it is indicated that sufficient time is not available for self-heating of the battery, a smaller self-heating current frequency corresponding to the reserved time length can be used as a target current frequency, and the power battery system needs to be immediately controlled for self-heating of the battery, so that the battery can be heated more slowly by using more time as possible, and a more ideal heating effect can be achieved.

It should be understood that the above-mentioned use of the self-heating current frequency corresponding to the predicted maximum duration as the target current frequency is only a preferred implementation manner of the present embodiment, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto, and may be slightly larger or slightly smaller than the target current frequency. For example, the reserved time period is 30min, the predicted maximum time period is 20min, and heating may be performed at a frequency corresponding to 20min, or heating may be performed at a frequency corresponding to 18min or 19 min.

In this embodiment, when the predicted maximum duration is determined, the big data (previous fast heating data) and the theoretical parameters may be combined to perform analysis and calculation, and a relatively objective value may be obtained by integrating the data analysis result and the theoretical calculation result.

Specifically, the current frequency range of the power battery system for self-heating may be determined based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature, and then the predicted maximum time required for heating the battery from the current temperature to the preset target temperature may be calculated based on the current frequency range.

For the power battery system, under the condition of a certain structure, the theoretical current frequency of the power battery system can be calculated according to parameters (resistance values and power supply voltage) of each element of the power battery system and a circuit structure, a simulation test can also be carried out, the test current frequency of the power battery system is actually tested, or the historical current frequency of the power battery system is determined according to corresponding historical data. The theoretical current frequency, the test current frequency and the historical current frequency can be combined to determine a more accurate current frequency range.

According to the charge-discharge principle, the larger the current frequency is, the larger the predicted maximum duration is, and the predicted maximum duration required for heating the battery from the current temperature to the preset target temperature is the time required for completing the self-heating of the battery by adopting the maximum current frequency in the current frequency range; accordingly, the time required for completing the self-heating of the battery by adopting the minimum current frequency in the current frequency range is the predicted minimum time length. Therefore, the predicted maximum duration can be accurately obtained through the current frequency range, so that the self-heating function of the battery can be started in time.

In some embodiments of the present application, for a power battery system of the same vehicle, each time the battery is self-heated, the current frequency range is the same, so according to the method for determining to complete the self-heating of the battery, based on the current temperature and the preset target temperature of the battery, the maximum current frequency and the minimum frequency are respectively calculated in advance and the predicted maximum time length and the predicted minimum time length are respectively calculated, and the theoretical temperature rise degrees per unit time can be further calculated according to the maximum current frequency and the minimum frequency, and the corresponding relations between the current temperature, the target temperature (the target temperature is usually the same, or not set), the predicted maximum time length, the predicted minimum time length, the maximum current frequency and the minimum frequency, etc. are formed into the preset heating table shown in table 1 (where the preset target temperature is omitted, and the unit time can be any time length).

TABLE 1

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, it is not limited that the preset heating table includes each of the above parameters, and the preset heating table at least records the corresponding relationship between the current temperature, the preset target temperature, and the predicted maximum time duration, and the predicted heating time duration and the target current frequency may be searched according to the table.

It will be appreciated that the above table is merely illustrative of one data selection trend and may not be true application data. The current temperature, current frequency and temperature rise of the battery are in the following relations: the lower the temperature, the higher the current frequency, but the lower the temperature rise per unit time. For example, when the current temperature of the battery is-30 ℃, the owner gets on the vehicle after about 30 minutes, and at this time, the current frequency is selected to be 1900Hz, so that the requirement of the target temperature (0 ℃) can be met, and the maximum prediction duration is corresponded. The current frequency is selected to be 1500Hz (or 1600Hz, 1700Hz and 1800 Hz), which can also meet the requirement of target temperature, the temperature is raised faster, the heating time is shorter (but may cause the phenomenon of lithium separation), and then the current frequency of 1900Hz can be selected to avoid the phenomenon of lithium separation of the battery.

In practical application, a preset heating table can be searched based on the current temperature and the preset target temperature of the battery, so that the maximum predicted time required for heating the battery from the current temperature to the preset target temperature can be quickly determined, the determination time of the maximum predicted time can be effectively shortened, the reaction time of a program can be prolonged, the reservation starting instruction of a corresponding user terminal can be quickly started, and more time can be provided for self-heating of the battery when the reservation time is shorter.

After the predicted maximum time length required by the power battery system for completing the self-heating of the battery is determined, the minimum time length required by the power battery system for completing the self-heating of the battery can be further determined, whether the reserved time length is smaller than the predicted minimum time length or not is determined, and if yes, information that the preheating time is insufficient is fed back to the user terminal. Therefore, the user terminal can be timely notified under the condition that the heating time is not enough, so that the user can adjust the actual vehicle using time according to the condition, and the condition that the user needs to wait for the self-heating of the battery after getting on the vehicle is avoided.

And S14, controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency.

The high voltage system of the electric vehicle may include a power battery system, a high voltage distribution box (PDU), an electric compressor, DC/DC (a device that converts high voltage DC to low voltage DC), an OBC (automobile charger), a PTC (positive temperature coefficient heater), a high voltage harness, and the like. The high-voltage wire harness can be configured in the electric automobile according to different voltage grades and connected with an external wire harness, and the internal wire harness signal distribution of the distribution box is applied, so that electric energy is transmitted efficiently and excellently, and external signal interference is shielded. Therefore, before the power battery system is controlled to perform self-heating, a high-voltage flow on the whole vehicle is required to be performed so as to conduct the high-voltage components and the high-voltage wire harness, and the successful transmission of internal and external signals is realized.

In some embodiments, a switch circuit may be further disposed between the battery and the inverter of the power battery system, and the control module may further control the switch circuit to be turned on first before controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating, so that the power battery system provides a preset high voltage for the vehicle, that is, a process of implementing a high voltage on the entire vehicle is achieved, and may also be understood as a preparation stage of battery self-heating or a pre-charging stage.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the switch circuit includes a first switch K1, a second switch K2, a third switch K3, and a first resistor R; the first switch K1 is arranged between the battery and an upper bridge arm of the inverter; the second switch K2 is arranged between the battery and the lower bridge arm of the inverter, the third switch K3 is connected with the first switch K1 or the second switch K2 in parallel, and the first resistor is connected with the first switch K1 or the third switch K3 in series and connected with the second switch K2 in parallel. The third switch K3 is used as a pre-charging switch, and after being connected in series with the first resistor R1, the third switch K3 may be connected in parallel to the first switch K1 or the second switch K2, as long as the following battery pre-charging process can be implemented.

The control module can control the first switch K1 and the third switch K3 to be conducted firstly, so that a loop formed by connecting the battery, the capacitor, the first switch K1, the third switch K3 and the first resistor R in series can store electricity for the capacitor until the difference value between the first voltage of the second switch K2 close to the battery side and the second voltage close to the motor side is smaller than the preset voltage difference, the process can be understood as a capacitor electricity storage process, the capacitor has certain capacity, and the stability of the whole circuit can be improved. The loop has the first resistor R, which can prevent the short circuit of the loop and the damage to the capacitor. And then the second switch K2 is controlled to be switched on and the third switch K3 is controlled to be switched off, so that the power battery system provides preset high voltage for the vehicle, and the high voltage on the whole vehicle is completed.

The specific values of the preset high voltage and the preset voltage difference can be specifically set according to actual needs, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment.

The above-described process of applying high voltage to the entire vehicle is only one embodiment of the present embodiment, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto, as long as the process can apply high voltage to the vehicle.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the switching circuit further includes a fourth switch K4, and the fourth switch K4 is disposed between the motor and the charge and discharge switching circuit.

After the power battery system is controlled to perform battery self-heating, whether the charging and discharging switching circuit is short-circuited or not can be detected, and if yes, the fourth switch K4 is controlled to be disconnected. Therefore, if the charging and discharging switching circuit is short-circuited in the self-heating process of the battery, and the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm cannot be separated, the fourth switch K4 is switched off, so that the short circuit between the central line of the motor and the anode or the cathode of the battery can be avoided, the three-phase bridge arm of the inverter and the three-phase winding of the motor can still maintain driving, and the power loss is avoided.

Specifically, the first switch K1, the second switch K2, the third switch K3, and the fourth switch K4 may be any switching device capable of switching on and off a circuit, and preferably, a high-voltage switching device, such as a relay, an isolating switch, a triode, a MOS transistor, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment.

In some embodiments, based on the dual consideration of completing the self-heating of the battery and avoiding the lithium separation phenomenon, if the time is sufficient, that is, the reserved time length is greater than the predicted maximum time length, the power battery system may be controlled to perform the self-heating of the battery after the difference time length between the two time lengths based on the predicted maximum time length and the corresponding current frequency, so as to achieve the purpose of performing the self-heating of the battery according to the predicted maximum time length. If the time is insufficient, namely the reserved time length is less than or equal to the predicted maximum time length, the power battery system can be immediately controlled to carry out battery self-heating based on the reserved time length and the corresponding current frequency so as to carry out the battery self-heating in time and realize the purpose of carrying out the battery self-heating according to the reserved time length.

Specifically, the target current frequency of the battery for self-heating may be determined by searching the preset heating table based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature, and a predicted maximum duration (or a reserved duration). The target current frequency at which the battery self-heats may also be determined based on an analysis calculation of the present temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature, and a predicted maximum time period (or a reserved time period). This embodiment is not particularly limited thereto.

In the actual self-heating process of the battery, the temperature rise condition may deviate from the expectation, so the control module may re-determine the target current frequency when the battery is self-heated every preset time or the predicted temperature rise preset temperature based on the current temperature, the preset target temperature and the heating time length of the battery. And then controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the currently and newly determined target current frequency. Therefore, the current frequency can be updated in real time according to the actual temperature rise condition, and the battery self-heating process can be guaranteed to be completed within the expected time.

The preset time may be any value within the heating time period, such as several seconds, ten seconds, several tens of seconds, several minutes, and the like, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment. The predicted temperature-rise preset temperature may be understood as a theoretical temperature-rise preset temperature during the self-heating process of the battery, which may be several degrees, and this embodiment is not limited thereto.

Correspondingly, if the power battery system is controlled to carry out self-heating on the battery after the difference time length, the target current frequency of the battery during self-heating is determined again every other preset time or the temperature is predicted to rise to the preset temperature based on the current temperature of the battery, the preset target temperature and the predicted maximum time length, so that the aim of updating the target current frequency according to the predicted maximum time length is fulfilled. And if the power battery system is immediately controlled to carry out battery self-heating, the target current frequency of the battery during self-heating is determined again at intervals of preset time or at a predicted temperature rise preset temperature based on the current temperature, the preset target temperature and the reserved time length of the battery, so that the aim of updating the target current frequency according to the reserved time length is fulfilled.

It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiment, the current frequency is only used as a basis for calculation and analysis, and the current frequency may also be applied to other parameters related to the current frequency in the actual battery self-heating process, such as the current amplitude, the duty ratio, and the like, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

In some embodiments, after the power battery system is controlled to perform battery self-heating, whether the power battery system completes the battery self-heating may be determined in real time, and if so, an actual temperature of the battery after the power battery system completes the battery self-heating is detected, and whether the actual temperature is greater than or equal to a preset target temperature is determined. If the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the preset target temperature, battery preheating completion information is sent to the user terminal; and if the actual temperature is lower than the preset target temperature, controlling the power battery system to continue to perform battery self-heating until a stop quick heating instruction issued by the user terminal is received or a quick heating condition is not met. Therefore, the battery self-heating process can be ensured to be really finished, the situation that heating is finished in advance due to mistaken touch or other reasons, or the battery self-heating cannot be exactly realized due to an unsatisfactory heating result is avoided, and the like.

The battery heating control method provided by this embodiment determines whether the battery and the motor meet a quick-warm start condition or not after receiving a reserved start instruction including a reserved use time sent by a user terminal, and under the condition that the quick-warm start condition is met, the power battery system is controlled to perform battery self-heating in advance in time before a user gets on the vehicle or before an external charging device (such as a charging pile) is used for charging the battery. When the power battery system is controlled to perform battery self-heating, the time for completing the battery self-heating is different according to the current frequency and amplitude (the current frequency and the current amplitude are in negative correlation) of the charge-discharge loop, generally, the lower the frequency is, the larger the current is, the shorter the time for completing the battery self-heating is, but when the temperature is extremely low, rapid heating is performed, more Li + is promoted to move to the battery cathode, and the speed of Li atoms to be embedded into graphite is far lower than the speed of Li + to move to the battery cathode, so the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the battery is aggravated. Therefore, the battery is usually self-heated for a long time with a larger frequency (smaller current), i.e. the target frequency, so as to avoid the lithium precipitation phenomenon.

According to some embodiments of the present application, referring to fig. 2 to 6, the present application further provides a battery heating control method, which can be performed by a vehicle controller, a battery manager and a motor controller of a control module, and specifically includes the following steps:

1) The vehicle controller receives a first instruction sent by a user terminal (owner APP) through a cloud platform and a TBOX (vehicle networking system), and the instruction at least comprises the following steps: and (5) starting a vehicle and battery pack quick heating function at the predicted time t 1. Usually, the owner can reserve through the APP of the owner before getting on the car, and the car is used after the time t 1;

2) The battery manager BMS judges that the battery temperature is less than a threshold Temp1 and the battery pack electric quantity is greater than a threshold SOC1; and the motor controller MCU judges that the torque, the rotating speed and the current of the motor are 0, and a motor system has no fault. If the judgment conditions are met, the battery manager BMS and the motor controller MCU send the conditions meeting the quick heating condition to the vehicle controller VCU; otherwise, the sending does not meet the quick heating working condition.

3) If the whole vehicle is abnormal in self-checking, the vehicle controller VCU sends out a condition that the quick-warm starting condition is not met to the vehicle owner APP through the vehicle networking system TBOX and the cloud platform; if the self-checking is normal, the whole vehicle is started to be quickly heated.

4) The BMS controls the relays K1 and K3 to be closed, after the pre-charging condition is met (assuming that the voltage on the left side of the relay K2 is U1 and the voltage on the right side of the relay K2 is U2, when the absolute value of the U1-U2 is smaller than the delta U, the pre-charging is completed, generally the delta U = 10V), the relay K2 is closed, and then the relay K3 is opened.

5) The VCU sends a second instruction to the BMS, wherein the instruction at least comprises the following steps: predicted boarding time t (quick heating permission time), target temperature Temp, and quick heating start command.

6) The BMS searches a preset table every time Ti, and obtains the most suitable quick heating condition under the current state according to the current temperature of the battery pack, the target temperature Temp and the quick heating allowable time t; the BMS sends a quick heating limiting condition to the MCU at regular time: the frequency limit f1, f2 … … fn of the current, and the corresponding current amplitude limit I1, I2 … … In.

7) After the quick heating time reaches t1 or the temperature of the battery pack reaches the target temperature Temp, the BMS sends a quick heating completion instruction, which may be referred to as a third instruction, to the APP through the VCU-cloud platform.

Example two

This example is provided according to some embodiments of the present application, and referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of another battery heating control method provided in some embodiments of the present application. As shown in fig. 7, the battery heating control method is applied to a vehicle controller, and may include the steps of:

step S21, receiving a reservation starting instruction sent by a user terminal; the reservation starting instruction at least comprises a reservation using time.

And S22, sending a self-checking instruction to the battery manager and the motor controller to determine whether the power battery system meets a preset quick-warm starting condition at the current moment.

And step S23, receiving a first self-checking result fed back by the battery manager and a second self-checking result fed back by the motor controller.

The first self-test result is used for characterizing: whether the battery parameters meet preset quick-warm starting conditions or not. The second self-test result is used for characterizing: whether the motor parameters meet preset quick-heating starting conditions or not.

Step S24, if the first self-checking result and the second self-checking result both represent that the preset quick-warm starting condition is met, a quick-warm starting instruction is sent to the battery manager and the motor controller; the quick-warm start instruction at least comprises reserved using time.

In some embodiments, before sending the quick warm start instruction to the battery manager and the motor controller, the method further includes: and sending a high voltage instruction to the battery manager so that the battery manager controls the power battery system to provide preset high voltage for the electric equipment.

It should be noted that the second embodiment and the first embodiment are based on the same concept, and the related implementation manner and the beneficial effects in the first embodiment can also be applied to the second embodiment, which are not described herein again.

EXAMPLE III

This example is provided according to some embodiments of the present application, and referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of another battery heating control method provided in some embodiments of the present application. As shown in fig. 8, the battery heating control method is applied to a battery manager, and may include the steps of:

and S31, receiving a self-checking instruction sent by the vehicle controller, and determining that the battery parameter at the current moment meets a preset quick-warm starting condition.

And step S32, receiving a quick-warm starting instruction sent by the vehicle controller, wherein the quick-warm starting instruction at least comprises reserved vehicle using time.

And step S33, determining the target current frequency of the battery for self-heating based on the current temperature of the battery, the preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle-using time.

And step S34, controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency.

In some embodiments, determining that the battery parameter at the current time meets the preset quick warm start condition includes:

In some embodiments, determining the target current frequency at which the battery is self-heated based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature, and a reserved vehicle time includes: determining the predicted maximum time required for completing the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature; and determining the target current frequency when the battery is self-heated according to the predicted maximum time length and the reserved time length from the current time to the reserved vehicle using time.

In some embodiments, determining the target current frequency for self-heating the battery according to the predicted maximum time and the reserved time from the current time to the reserved vehicle using time comprises: determining whether the reserved time length from the current moment to the reserved vehicle using time is greater than the predicted maximum time length or not; if so, taking the current frequency when self-heating is carried out by adopting the predicted maximum duration as the target current frequency; if not, the current frequency when the self-heating is carried out by adopting the reserved time length is taken as the target current frequency.

In some embodiments, determining the target current frequency when the battery performs self-heating based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature and a scheduled vehicle-use time includes: searching a preset heating table based on the current temperature and a preset target temperature, and determining the maximum time required for heating the battery from the current temperature to the preset target temperature; the preset heating table at least records the corresponding relation among the current temperature, the preset target temperature and the predicted maximum duration.

In some embodiments, determining the predicted maximum time required to complete the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature includes: determining a current power range of the power battery system for self-heating based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature; based on the current power range, a predicted maximum time required to heat the battery from the current temperature to a preset target temperature is calculated.

In some embodiments, after determining the predicted maximum time period required for completing the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and the preset target temperature, the method further includes: determining a drawn predicted minimum time length for completing self-heating of the battery, and determining whether the reserved time length is less than the predicted minimum time length; and if so, feeding back information of insufficient preheating time to the vehicle controller.

In some embodiments, after controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency, the method further includes: determining whether the power battery system is controlled to finish the self-heating of the battery; if so, detecting the actual temperature of the battery after the battery is heated, and determining whether the actual temperature is greater than or equal to a preset target temperature; if so, sending battery preheating completion information to a vehicle controller; if not, controlling the power battery system to continue the battery self-heating process.

In some embodiments, before controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency, the method further comprises: and receiving an upper high voltage command sent by a vehicle controller, and controlling a power battery system to provide a preset high voltage for the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the power battery system comprises a battery, an inverter module, a charge-discharge switching bridge arm and a motor respectively connected with each phase bridge arm and the charge-discharge switching bridge arm of the inverter module, which are connected in parallel; a switch circuit is arranged between the battery and the inversion module; control power battery system provides the preset high pressure for the vehicle, includes: and controlling the switch circuit to be conducted so that the power battery system provides preset high voltage for the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the switch circuit includes a first switch K1, a second switch K2, a third switch K3, and a first resistor R; the first switch K1 is arranged between the battery and an upper bridge arm of the inverter module; the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 are connected in parallel and are arranged between the battery and a lower bridge arm of the inverter module; the first resistor R is connected with the third switch K3 in series and connected with the second switch K2 in parallel; control switch circuit switches on, makes power battery system provide the preset high pressure for the vehicle, includes: controlling the first switch K1 and the third switch K3 to be conducted, so that the difference value between the first voltage of the second switch K2 close to the battery side and the second voltage close to the motor side is smaller than the preset voltage difference; and controlling the second switch K2 to be switched on and the third switch K3 to be switched off so as to provide preset high voltage for the vehicle.

It should be noted that the third embodiment and the first embodiment are based on the same concept, and the related implementation manner and the beneficial effects in the first embodiment can also be applied to the third embodiment, which are not described herein again.

Example four

This example is according to some embodiments of this application, refer to fig. 9, and fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery heating control apparatus provided in some embodiments of this application. The battery heating control device is used for implementing the battery heating control method provided by the first embodiment, and as shown in fig. 9, the battery heating control device includes: the device comprises an instruction receiving module, a condition determining module, a frequency determining module and a heating control module, wherein:

the instruction receiving module is used for receiving a reservation starting instruction sent by the user terminal; the reservation starting instruction at least comprises reservation vehicle using time;

the condition determining module is used for determining that the battery parameter and the motor parameter at the current moment meet a preset quick-warm starting condition;

the frequency determination module is used for determining the target current frequency of the battery during self-heating based on the current temperature of the battery, the preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle-using time;

and the heating control module is used for controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency.

It should be noted that, the fourth embodiment and the first embodiment are based on the same concept, and the related implementation manner and the beneficial effects that can be achieved in the first embodiment can also be applied to the fourth embodiment, which are not described herein again.

EXAMPLE five

The present example also provides, in accordance with some embodiments of the present application, a powered device comprising a power battery system, further comprising the battery heating control apparatus of claim 26.

Based on the same conception of the power battery heating circuit, the embodiment of the application also provides electric equipment which comprises a power battery system and the battery heating control device.

The electric equipment can be not limited to electric automobiles, ships, spacecrafts, electric toys, electric tools, battery cars and the like.

It should be noted that, the fifth embodiment and the first embodiment are based on the same concept, and the related implementation manner and the beneficial effects that can be achieved in the first embodiment can also be applied to the fifth embodiment, which are not described herein again.

EXAMPLE six

This embodiment also provides an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present application, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor executes the computer program to implement the method according to any of the first, second, and third embodiments.

The electronic device may specifically be the control module in one embodiment, that is, the domain controller. The vehicle controller in the second embodiment, the battery manager in the third embodiment, or other electronic components, such as an integrated chip and a single chip, for implementing the above embodiments may also be used.

It should be noted that, the sixth embodiment and the first embodiment are based on the same concept, and the related implementation manner and the beneficial effects in the first embodiment can also be applied to the sixth embodiment, which are not described herein again.

EXAMPLE seven

The present embodiment further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method according to any of the first, second, and third embodiments.

It should be noted that, the seventh embodiment and the first embodiment are based on the same concept, and the related implementation manner and the beneficial effects that can be achieved in the first embodiment can also be applied to the seventh embodiment, which are not described herein again.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure should be construed as being covered by the claims and the specification. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. The present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed herein, but rather to cover all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery heating control method, comprising:

receiving a reservation starting instruction sent by a user terminal, wherein the reservation starting instruction at least comprises reservation vehicle using time;

determining that the battery parameter and the motor parameter at the current moment meet a preset quick-heating starting condition;

determining a target current frequency when the battery is self-heated based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature and reserved vehicle-using time;

2. The battery heating control method according to claim 1, wherein the determining that the battery parameter and the motor parameter at the current time satisfy the preset quick warm start condition includes:

determining that the current battery temperature of the battery conforms to a preset temperature range;

determining that the current capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to a preset battery threshold;

it is determined that the motor is currently at rest and has no fault.

3. The battery heating control method according to claim 2, wherein the determining that the battery temperature at the current time meets a preset temperature range includes:

determining that the battery temperature at the current moment is smaller than a first preset temperature threshold and larger than a second preset temperature threshold; the second preset temperature threshold is determined according to the lithium separation temperature of the battery.

4. The battery heating control method of claim 1, wherein determining the target current frequency for self-heating the battery based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle time comprises:

determining the predicted maximum time required for completing the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature and the preset target temperature of the battery;

and determining the target current frequency when the battery is self-heated according to the predicted maximum time length and the reserved time length from the current time to the reserved vehicle using time.

5. The battery heating control method according to claim 1, wherein determining the target current frequency at which the battery is self-heated based on the predicted maximum time period and a reserved time period from a present time to the reserved vehicle use time comprises:

determining whether the reserved time length from the current moment to the reserved vehicle using time is greater than the predicted maximum time length;

if so, taking the self-heating current frequency corresponding to the predicted maximum duration as a target current frequency; and if not, taking the self-heating current frequency corresponding to the reserved time length as the target current frequency.

6. The battery heating control method according to claim 5, wherein the determining the predicted maximum time period required to complete the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature comprises:

searching a preset heating table based on the current temperature and a preset target temperature, and determining the predicted maximum time required for heating the battery from the current temperature to the preset target temperature; the preset heating table at least records the corresponding relation among the current temperature, the preset target temperature and the predicted maximum duration.

7. The battery heating control method according to claim 5, wherein the determining the predicted maximum time period required for completing the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and the preset target temperature comprises:

determining a current power range of the power battery system for self-heating based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature;

and calculating the predicted maximum time length required for heating the battery from the current temperature to the preset target temperature based on the current power range.

8. The battery heating control method of claim 5, wherein controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency comprises:

if the reserved duration of the reserved vehicle-using time is greater than the predicted maximum duration, calculating the difference duration between the reserved duration and the predicted maximum duration, and controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency after the difference duration;

and if the reserved time length of the reserved vehicle using time is less than or equal to the predicted maximum time length, immediately controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency.

9. The battery heating control method of claim 5, wherein after determining the predicted maximum length of time required to complete self-heating of the battery, further comprising:

determining a planned predicted minimum time length for completing self-heating of the battery, and determining whether the reserved time length is less than the predicted minimum time length;

and if so, feeding back information of insufficient preheating time to the user terminal.

10. The battery heating control method of claim 1, further comprising:

re-determining the target current frequency of the battery during self-heating every preset time or after planning to raise the preset temperature based on the current temperature of the battery, the preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle using time;

and controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the currently and newly determined target current frequency.

11. The battery heating control method according to claim 1, wherein after controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency, further comprising:

determining whether the power battery system completes battery self-heating;

if so, detecting the actual temperature of the battery after the battery is heated, and determining whether the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the preset target temperature;

if yes, sending battery preheating completion information to the user terminal; and if not, controlling the power battery system to continue the battery self-heating process.

12. The battery heating control method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the power battery system comprises a battery, an inverter module, a charge-discharge switching leg, and a motor connected to each phase leg of the inverter module and the charge-discharge switching leg, respectively, in parallel; a switch circuit is arranged between the battery and the inverter module;

before the control power battery system carries out battery self-heating based on the target current frequency, the control power battery system further comprises:

and controlling the switch circuit to be conducted so that the power battery system provides preset high voltage for the vehicle.

13. The battery heating control method of claim 12, wherein the switching circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a first resistor; the first switch is arranged between the battery and an upper bridge arm of the inverter module; the second switch and the third switch are connected in parallel and are both arranged between the battery and a lower bridge arm of the inverter module; the first resistor is connected with the third switch in series and is connected with the second switch in parallel;

control switching circuit switches on, makes power battery system provides the preset high pressure for the vehicle, includes:

controlling the first switch and the third switch to be conducted, so that the difference value between the first voltage of the second switch close to the battery side and the second voltage of the second switch close to the motor side is smaller than a preset voltage difference;

and controlling the second switch to be conducted and the third switch to be closed so that the power battery system provides preset high voltage for the vehicle.

14. The battery heating control method according to claim 13, wherein the switching circuit further comprises a fourth switch disposed between the electric motor and the charge-discharge switching leg;

after the control power battery system carries out battery self-heating based on the target current frequency, the control power battery system further comprises:

detecting whether the charging and discharging switching bridge arm is short-circuited or not;

and if so, controlling the fourth switch to be switched off.

15. A battery heating control method, comprising:

receiving a reservation starting instruction sent by a user terminal; the reservation starting instruction at least comprises reservation vehicle using time;

sending self-checking instructions to a battery manager and a motor controller to determine whether the battery parameters and the motor parameters at the current moment meet preset quick-warm starting conditions or not;

if the first self-checking result and the second self-checking result both represent that a preset quick-warm starting condition is met, sending a quick-warm starting instruction to a battery manager and a motor controller; the quick hot start instruction at least comprises the reserved vehicle using time.

16. The battery heating control method of claim 15, wherein before sending the rapid warm start command to the battery manager and the motor controller, further comprising:

and sending a high voltage instruction to the battery manager so that the battery manager controls the power battery system to provide a preset high voltage for the vehicle.

17. A battery heating control method, comprising:

determining a target current frequency for self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature and the reserved vehicle using time;

18. The battery heating control method according to claim 17, wherein the determining that the battery parameter at the current time satisfies a preset quick warm start condition comprises:

19. The battery heating control method of claim 17, wherein determining the target current frequency at which the battery is self-heated based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature, and the reserved vehicle time comprises:

determining the predicted maximum time required for completing the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature;

20. The battery heating control method according to claim 19, wherein determining the target current frequency at which the battery is self-heated based on the predicted maximum time period and a reserved time period from a present time to the reserved vehicle use time comprises:

determining whether the reserved time length from the current moment to the reserved vehicle using time is greater than the predicted maximum time length or not;

if so, taking the current frequency when the self-heating is carried out by adopting the predicted maximum duration as the target current frequency; and if not, taking the current frequency when the self-heating is carried out by adopting the reserved time length as the target current frequency.

21. The battery heating control method according to claim 20, wherein the determining the target current frequency at which the battery is self-heated based on the current temperature of the battery, the preset target temperature, and the reserved driving time comprises:

searching a preset heating table based on the current temperature and a preset target temperature, and determining the maximum time required for heating the battery from the current temperature to the preset target temperature; the preset heating table at least records the corresponding relation among the current temperature, the preset target temperature and the predicted maximum duration.

22. The battery heating control method according to claim 20, wherein the determining the predicted maximum time period required to complete the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery and a preset target temperature comprises:

determining a current power range of self-heating of the power battery system based on the current temperature and a preset target temperature of the battery;

23. The battery heating control method according to claim 20, after determining the predicted maximum period of time required to complete the self-heating of the battery based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature, further comprising:

and if so, feeding back information of insufficient preheating time to the vehicle controller.

24. The battery heating control method of claim 17, wherein after controlling the power battery system to perform battery self-heating based on the target current frequency, further comprising:

determining whether the control power battery system completes battery self-heating;

if so, detecting the actual temperature of the battery after the heating is finished, and determining whether the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the preset target temperature;

if so, sending battery preheating completion information to a vehicle controller; and if not, controlling the power battery system to continue the battery self-heating process.

25. The battery heating control method of claim 17, wherein prior to controlling the power battery system to self-heat the battery based on the target current frequency, further comprising:

and receiving an upper high-voltage command sent by a vehicle controller, and controlling the power battery system to provide preset high voltage for the vehicle.

26. The battery heating control method according to claim 25, wherein the power battery system comprises a battery, an inverter module, a charge-discharge switching bridge arm, and a motor connected to each phase bridge arm of the inverter module and the charge-discharge switching bridge arm, respectively, in parallel; a switch circuit is arranged between the battery and the inverter module;

control power battery system provides preset high pressure for the vehicle, includes:

27. The battery heating control method of claim 26, wherein the switching circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a first resistor; the first switch is arranged between the battery and an upper bridge arm of the inverter module; the second switch and the third switch are connected in parallel and are both arranged between the battery and a lower bridge arm of the inverter module; the first resistor is connected with the third switch in series and is connected with the second switch in parallel;

the control switch circuit switches on, makes power battery system provides the preset high pressure for the vehicle, includes:

and controlling the second switch to be switched on and the third switch to be switched off, and providing preset high voltage for the vehicle.

28. A battery heating control apparatus, comprising:

the instruction receiving module is used for receiving a reservation starting instruction sent by a user terminal; the reservation starting instruction at least comprises reservation vehicle using time;

the frequency determination module is used for determining a target current frequency when the battery is self-heated based on the current temperature of the battery, a preset target temperature and reserved vehicle-using time;

29. An electrical device comprising a power battery system and the battery heating control apparatus of claim 28.

30. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the computer program to implement the method of any of claims 1-27.

31. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program is executed by a processor to implement the method according to any of claims 1-27.