CN115377451A

CN115377451A - SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) stack and starting and closing method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115377451A
Application number: CN202211200752.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 武洪松; 张桂敏; 胡强; 吕佳; 吴剑
Original assignee: Zhejiang Zhen Tai Energy Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Zhen Tai Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-29
Filing date: 2022-09-29
Publication date: 2022-11-22

Abstract

The invention provides a SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) galvanic pile and a starting and closing method thereof, wherein the SOFC galvanic pile comprises a heating module, a reactor core, a reforming module, a tail gas treatment module, a cooling module and a heat preservation module; the heating module is used for heating the reactor core and the cathode gas; cathode gas is sent into the reactor core for cathode reaction; carrying out electrochemical reaction in the reactor core and outputting electric energy outwards; the electrochemical reaction comprises a cathode reaction and an anode reaction; cathode tail gas is generated after cathode reaction, and supplies heat for the reforming module; the reforming module is used for gasifying and reforming the reforming fuel into hydrogen-rich gas; the hydrogen-rich gas is sent into the reactor core for anode reaction; the tail gas treatment module is used for treating cathode tail gas and anode tail gas and supplying heat to the outside; the cooling module is used for cooling the cold end of the reactor core; the heat preservation module is used for preventing heat in the galvanic pile from dissipating; the heating efficiency of SOFC galvanic pile is improved, and the heat preservation strength is enhanced.

Description

SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) stack and starting and closing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of galvanic piles, in particular to an SOFC galvanic pile and a starting and closing method thereof.

Background

The fuel cell is an efficient and clean power generation technology which can directly convert chemical energy of fuel into electric energy without a combustion process, and has the advantages of no pollution, zero emission, high power generation efficiency and the like in the whole power generation process. The high-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) has the working temperature of 600-1000 ℃, diversified fuel sources, high power generation efficiency and high thermal quality, and is suitable for various application scenes. The SOFC battery has the working temperature of 600-1000 ℃, and needs to be heated before working. At present, the SOFC fuel cell stack heats cathode gas and anode gas by heating them, the overheated cathode gas and anode gas are introduced into the stack to preheat them, and the cathode and anode gas after the stack burns to release heat and then heats the cathode and anode gas and other components of the system. The heating mode has low heating efficiency, complex system structure and high heat preservation difficulty. Secondly, each part of the SOFC pile is loosely arranged, a large amount of heat can be dissipated through pipeline connection, the assembly difficulty is high, and the like.

In view of this, the present specification provides an SOFC stack and a method for starting and shutting down the SOFC stack, so as to improve the heating efficiency of the SOFC stack, make the structure of the SOFC stack simpler, enhance the thermal insulation strength, use highly integrated modules, and simplify the assembly difficulty.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) galvanic pile, which comprises a heating module, a reactor core, a reforming module, a tail gas treatment module, a cooling module and a heat preservation module; the heating module is used for heating the reactor core and the cathode gas; the cathode gas is sent into the reactor core to carry out cathode reaction; carrying out electrochemical reaction in the reactor core and outputting electric energy outwards; the electrochemical reaction comprises the cathode reaction and the anode reaction; generating cathode tail gas after the cathode reaction, wherein the cathode tail gas supplies heat for the reforming module; the reforming module is used for gasifying and reforming the reforming fuel into hydrogen-rich gas; the hydrogen-rich gas is sent into the reactor core to carry out anode reaction; the tail gas treatment module is used for treating the cathode tail gas and the anode tail gas and supplying heat to the outside; the cooling module is used for cooling the cold end of the reactor core; the heat preservation module is used for preventing heat in the galvanic pile from being dissipated.

Further, the heating module comprises a heating unit, a heating block, a heat conducting block and an air preheating unit; the heating unit is used for generating heat; the heating block is disposed between the heating unit and the core to uniformly heat the core; the heat conducting block is used for conducting the heat of the heating block to the reactor core; the air preheating unit is used for heating the cathode gas.

Further, the air preheating unit comprises an air preheating subunit and an air distribution subunit; the air preheating subunit is arranged between the heating unit and the heating block and used for heating the cathode gas by using the heat generated by the heating unit; the air distribution subunit is used for distributing the heated cathode gas to the core.

Further, the heating unit is an infrared combustion heating furnace or an electric heater.

Further, the tail gas treatment module comprises a tail gas treatment unit, a galvanic pile anode tail gas dehydration unit, a galvanic pile cathode tail gas inlet, a galvanic pile anode tail gas inlet, a tail gas treatment outlet and a heat recovery unit; the galvanic pile anode tail gas inlet is used for sending anode tail gas into the galvanic pile anode tail gas dehydration unit; the galvanic pile anode tail gas dehydration unit is used for dehydrating the anode tail gas and sending the dehydrated anode tail gas into the tail gas treatment unit, and a check valve is arranged between the galvanic pile anode tail gas dehydration unit and the tail gas treatment unit; the stack cathode tail gas inlet is used for sending the cathode tail gas into the tail gas treatment unit; the tail gas treatment unit is used for carrying out reaction heat release on the dehydrated anode tail gas and the dehydrated cathode tail gas; the tail gas outlet is used for discharging tail gas generated after the dehydrated anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas react; the heat recovery unit is used for recovering heat generated by the reaction of the dehydrated anode tail gas and the dehydrated cathode tail gas and supplying heat to the outside.

Further, the cooling module is a cooling block and/or a cooling channel; the cooling blocks are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the grid plate of the reactor core; the cooling channel is arranged in the middle of the grid plate of the core.

The reactor further comprises a shell, wherein the heating module, the reactor core, the reformer, the tail gas treatment module and the cooling module are arranged in the shell, and heat insulation materials are arranged between the modules and the inner surface of the shell.

Further, the reforming module is arranged inside or outside the electric pile; comprises a reforming fuel gasification unit and a reformer; the reforming fuel gasification unit is used for gasifying liquid reforming fuel; the reformer is used for reforming the gasified reformed fuel into hydrogen-rich gas.

The invention aims to provide a method for starting an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) electric stack, which applies any one of the SOFC electric stacks and comprises the steps of starting a combustion fan to purge a heating module; after purging for the preset purging time, starting a heating fuel switch valve to add heating fuel, and performing automatic ignition; judging whether the ignition is successful; if the ignition is successful, adjusting combustion parameters and judging whether the heating parameters are within a preset heating temperature range; if the heating parameters are within the preset heating temperature range, maintaining the heating parameters, monitoring the combustion state of the heating module, and judging whether to extinguish; if the engine is flamed out, whether other parts are started or not is judged; if other parts are all started, executing an emergency stop or one-key shutdown command; if other parts are not opened, closing the heating fuel switch valve and the combustion fan, and giving an alarm; if not, maintaining the combustion parameters, wherein the combustion parameters comprise cold end temperature, reformer temperature, electric pile temperature and water heater temperature; judging whether the cold end temperature is greater than or equal to the maximum cold end temperature; if so, cooling the cold end by using cooling water in a preset temperature range; judging whether the reformer temperature is greater than or equal to the minimum reformer temperature value or not; if so, starting a reforming fuel pump, raising the temperature of the reformer to a preset reforming temperature range, and maintaining the temperature of the reformer in the preset reforming range; judging whether the temperature of the galvanic pile is more than or equal to the minimum value of the temperature of the galvanic pile; if so, starting a cathode fan, raising the temperature of the galvanic pile to a preset galvanic pile temperature range, and maintaining the temperature of the galvanic pile in the preset galvanic pile temperature range; judging whether the temperature of the water heater is greater than or equal to the minimum value of the temperature of the water heater; if yes, a hot water inlet switch is turned on; if the heating parameters are not in the preset heating temperature range, adjusting the feeding amounts of the combustion fan and the heating fuel; if the ignition is unsuccessful, repeating the ignition and judging the ignition state; if the ignition state shows that the ignition is successful, adjusting combustion parameters and executing subsequent steps; and if the ignition state shows that the ignition is not successful, closing the heating fuel switch valve and the combustion fan, and giving an alarm.

Further, the executing of the emergency stop or one-key shutdown command comprises gradually decreasing the reformed fuel, the cathode fan and the combustion fan to respective preset values, and closing a water inlet switch of the water heater; judging whether the temperature of the cooling water outlet is less than or equal to a preset shutdown cooling temperature, judging whether the temperature of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to a preset galvanic pile shutdown temperature and judging whether the temperature of the reformer is within a preset shutdown reforming temperature range; if yes, the heating fuel switch valve is closed, the circulating pump is closed, the heat radiation fan is closed, the heating fan is closed, and the reforming fuel pump is closed.

The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the stack components of some embodiments in the specification are connected in a modularized manner, are highly integrated together and are placed in the shell with the aid of heat-insulating materials, so that the heat dissipation path of the stack components is reduced, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the battery is improved.

Some embodiments herein improve interchangeability and standardization of stack components and reduce maintenance costs of stack operation by modular components.

Some embodiments in this specification enable the core reaction temperature of the reactor to be uniformly distributed and the combustion to be more sufficient by arranging the infrared energy-saving burner and/or the electric heater below the reactor core, rapidly transferring heat to the core reaction area of the reactor core through the heating block and the heat conduction block, and enabling high-temperature air to assist in heating and balance the core reaction temperature through the cathode fan.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an exemplary block diagram of a SOFC stack provided by some embodiments of the present invention;

fig. 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a housing of a SOFC stack provided by some embodiments of the present invention;

fig. 3 is an exemplary flow diagram for starting up a SOFC stack provided by some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an exemplary flow diagram of a scram or key-off SOFC stack provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure;

an icon: 101-reactor core, 102-heat conducting block, 103-reformed fuel gasification unit, 104-reformer, 105-cooling module, 106-shell, 107-heating block, 108 air preheating unit, 109-heat preservation module, 110-heating unit, 111-galvanic pile anode tail gas dehydration unit, 112-tail gas treatment module, 113-tail gas treatment outlet, 201-water outlet of tail gas treatment module, 202-pipeline connecting tail gas treatment module and anode of galvanic pile, 203-cooling water inlet and outlet, 204-combustion mixer, 205-water inlet of tail gas treatment module, 206-reformed fuel inlet, 207-combustion fan.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Fig. 1 is an exemplary block diagram of a SOFC stack, according to some embodiments of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the stack 100 may include a heating module, a core 101, a reforming module, an exhaust treatment module 112, a cooling module 105, and a temperature maintenance module 109.

The heating module is used for heating the reactor core and the cathode gas; and cathode gas is sent into the reactor core to carry out cathode reaction.

The core 101 is a core component of the SOFC stack and includes cells, grids, grid caps, and the like. The cells of the core can be connected in series and/or parallel to meet different output requirements. The battery may also include a single layer battery and/or a multi-layer battery. In some embodiments, the core 101 may be a pancake-type cell.

In some embodiments, the heating module includes a heating unit 110, a heating block 107, a heat conduction block 102, and an air preheating unit 108.

The heating unit 110 serves to generate heat. For example, the heating unit 110 may be an infrared combustion heating furnace or an electric heater. The heating unit may be disposed directly above, directly below, or in the middle of the core (e.g., in the middle of a cell) of the core reaction zone. The infrared combustion heating furnace can comprise metal fiber infrared combustion, ceramic furnace end infrared combustion, catalytic combustion and the like

The heating block 107 is disposed between the heating unit 110 and the core 101 to uniformly heat the core 101 to prevent local excessive temperature from affecting the performance of the battery.

The heat conduction block 102 serves to conduct heat of the heating block 107 to the core. In some embodiments, the thermal conduction block 102 may be a multi-layer battery thermal conduction block. The heating block transfers heat to the heat conducting block 102 to heat the core reaction zone of the stack.

The air preheating unit 108 is used for heating the cathode gas, and then directly inputting the heated high-temperature cathode gas into the core area for cathode reaction. In some embodiments, the air preheating unit comprises an air preheating sub-unit and an air distribution sub-unit; the air preheating subunit is arranged between the heating unit and the heating block and used for heating the cathode gas by using the heat generated by the heating unit; an air distribution subunit may be disposed on the upper side of the heating block below the core reaction zone for distributing the heated cathode gas to the core.

In some embodiments, the heating module 110 may be fixedly attached to the core 101 by bolts.

Performing electrochemical reaction in the reactor core 101 and outputting electric energy outwards; the electrochemical reaction comprises a cathode reaction and an anode reaction; and cathode tail gas is generated after the cathode reaction, and supplies heat for the reforming module.

The reforming module is used for gasifying and reforming the reforming fuel into hydrogen-rich gas; the hydrogen-rich gas is fed into the reactor core to carry out anode reaction. The reforming module is fixedly connected with the smoke exhaust collecting pipe, and the cathode tail gas enters the smoke exhaust collecting pipe to heat the reforming fuel in the reforming module so as to realize gasification reforming of the reforming fuel and maintain reforming reaction conditions.

The reforming module is arranged inside or outside the electric pile; includes a reformed fuel gasification unit 103 and a reformer 104; the reformed fuel vaporization unit 103 is for vaporizing the liquid reformed fuel; the reformer 104 is configured to reform the gasified reformed fuel into a hydrogen rich gas; the outlet of the reformer is connected with the inlet of the anode of the reactor core. In some embodiments, the reforming fuel may be methanol water.

The tail gas treatment module 112 is used for treating the cathode tail gas and the anode tail gas and supplying heat to the outside. In some embodiments, the core 101 is connected to the exhaust treatment module 112 by piping.

In some embodiments, the tail gas treatment module includes a tail gas treatment unit, a stack anode tail gas dehydration unit 111, a stack cathode tail gas inlet, a stack anode tail gas inlet, a tail gas treatment outlet 113, and a heat recovery unit. The galvanic pile anode tail gas inlet is used for sending the anode tail gas into the galvanic pile anode tail gas dehydration unit; the reactor anode tail gas dehydration unit is used for dehydrating anode tail gas and sending the dehydrated anode tail gas into the tail gas treatment unit, a check valve is arranged between the reactor anode tail gas dehydration unit and the tail gas treatment unit, a reactor core anode outlet is connected with an inlet of the reactor anode tail gas dehydration unit, and an outlet of the reactor anode tail gas dehydration unit is connected with an inlet of the tail gas treatment unit; the pile cathode tail gas inlet is used for sending the cathode tail gas into the tail gas treatment unit; the tail gas treatment unit is used for carrying out catalytic combustion reaction on the dehydrated anode tail gas and the dehydrated cathode tail gas to release heat; the tail gas outlet is used for discharging tail gas generated after the reaction of the dehydrated anode tail gas and the dehydrated cathode tail gas; the heat recovery unit is used for recovering heat generated by the reaction of the dehydrated anode tail gas and the dehydrated cathode tail gas and supplying heat to the outside. For example, the heat recovery unit may be a water heater, which heats cold water by providing a heat exchange channel to output hot water.

The cooling module 105 is used to cool the cold end of the core. The cold end of the core may be the portion of the core that needs to be maintained at a lower temperature. For example, the cold end of the core may include the upper and lower ends of the grid of the core and the middle of the grid of the core. The temperature of the cold end may be maintained below 100 ℃. In some embodiments, the cooling module may be a cooling block and/or a cooling channel; the cooling blocks are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of a grid plate of the reactor core; the cooling channel is arranged in the middle of the grid plate of the reactor core and used for cooling the cold end of the reactor core in a sealing mode.

The heat preservation module 109 is used for preventing heat in the galvanic pile from dissipating. For example, the temperature maintenance module 109 may be disposed around the heating module 110, the core 101, the reforming module, the tail gas treatment module 112, and the cooling module 105 to prevent heat loss.

In some embodiments, the stack may further include a housing 106, and the heating module 110, the core 101, the reforming module, the exhaust treatment module 112, and the cooling module 105 may be disposed inside the housing 106 with insulation disposed between each module and an inner surface of the housing. In some embodiments, the insulating material may have a thickness of 60 to 100mm.

The SOFC stack of some embodiments herein is highly integrated by connecting functional modules, such as a modular core, heating module, reformer, and exhaust treatment module, by threads and pipes. For example, the heating module is integrated with the molding and heat-preserving module and is connected with the core through bolts. The reformer and the exhaust passage are integrated with the core by bolting. The cathode tail gas outlet of the reactor core is connected with the inlet of the tail gas treatment module through a pipeline, and the anode tail gas passes through the dehydration pipe one-way valve in the anode tail gas dehydration unit and is connected with the inlet of the tail gas treatment module through a pipeline. And mixing the positive and negative tail gases by a tail gas treatment module, then performing catalytic combustion, heating cold water, and outputting hot water outwards. And each module can be independently replaced through corresponding interface connection, so that the interchangeability and standardization of the galvanic pile components are improved, and the cost is saved. Meanwhile, the high-degree modularized integration also reduces the heat loss among components, and improves the utilization efficiency of heat and the comprehensive efficiency of the system.

Some embodiments herein improve heating efficiency by directly heating the stack using a heating module so that the stack can be quickly started. And the high-temperature tail gas generated by the cathode reaction supplies heat for gasification reforming, so that the utilization efficiency of energy can be further improved.

Fig. 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a housing of a SOFC stack provided by some embodiments of the invention. As shown in fig. 2, the housing 106 may include an upper housing and a lower housing.

In some embodiments, a gasket is disposed between the upper and lower cases, and the upper and lower cases are coupled by bolts. The shell is also provided with a plurality of interfaces to support the SOFC stack reaction.

Specifically, the casing is provided with a combustion mixer 204, a combustion fan 207 and a fuel inlet which are connected with the heating module, a cathode fan which is connected with the cathode of the galvanic pile, an anode tail gas dehydration unit 111 which is connected with the anode of the galvanic pile, a methanol water inlet 206 which is connected with the reformer, a water outlet 201 and a water inlet 205 which are connected with the tail gas treatment module, a pipeline 202 which is connected with the tail gas treatment module and the anode of the galvanic pile, a cooling water inlet and outlet 203 which is connected with the cooling module, a galvanic pile output connector and a temperature detection connector. .

When the SOFC galvanic pile works, fuel can be input into the fuel mixer through the fuel inlet, and the fuel mixer mixes the fuel and then sends the fuel into the combustion furnace body for combustion so as to supply heat to the galvanic pile through combustion heating. The cathode fan can supply heat for cathode reaction so as to maintain the temperature T50 of the fuel cell stack within the range of between 650 and 800 ℃. The methanol water can enter the reformer through the methanol water inlet for reforming. Cold water can be input into the tail gas treatment module through a water inlet of the tail gas treatment module, then the cold water is heated through the heat exchange channel, and hot water is output through a water outlet of the tail gas treatment module. Cooling water inlets and outlets connected to the cooling modules may be used to maintain the cold end temperature of the core below 100 c.

Fig. 3 is an exemplary flow chart for starting up a SOFC stack according to some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, the process 300 may be performed by the stack 100. As shown in fig. 3, the process 300 may include the following:

in some embodiments, an open key can be arranged on the electric pile, and the electric pile is started by one key through the open key.

And after the galvanic pile is started, starting a combustion fan to purge the heating module. To provide sufficient oxygen for the heating module for subsequent combustion reactions. The combustion fan may also be a heating fan.

And after the preset purging time is purged, starting a heating fuel switch valve to add heating fuel, and performing automatic ignition. The preset purging time may refer to a preset minimum time length for the combustion fan to purge the heating module when the galvanic pile is started. In some embodiments, the preset purge time may be 15s or more.

And judging whether the ignition is successful.

If the ignition is successful, adjusting the combustion parameters, and judging whether the heating parameters are in the preset heating temperature range. The combustion parameter may include a heating parameter. The preset heating temperature may refer to a temperature of the heating fuel that is set in advance. For example, the preset heating temperature T1 may be in the range of 860 ℃ to T1 ℃ to 900 ℃.

And if the heating parameters are within the preset heating temperature range, maintaining the heating parameters, monitoring the combustion state of the heating module, and judging whether to extinguish.

If the electronic device is flameout, judging whether other components are started or not; other components may include a circulation pump, a heat rejection blower, a methanol water pump, etc.

If other parts are all started, executing an emergency stop or one-key shutdown command; all other components are open meaning that the other components are open at the open time.

And if other parts are not started up when the starting time of the other parts is up, closing the heating fuel switch valve and the combustion fan, and giving an alarm.

If not, maintaining combustion parameters including cold end temperature T10, reformer temperature T20, stack temperature T40, and water heater temperature T30. In some embodiments, the maintenance combustion parameter may be obtained by a temperature sensor.

Judging whether the cold end temperature T10 is greater than or equal to the cold end temperature minimum value or not; if so, cooling water within a preset temperature range is used for cooling the cold end. The cold end temperature minimum may refer to a preset maximum temperature below which the cold end temperature should be lowered. The cold end temperature maximum may be set based on the material of the cold end. For example, the cold end of the reactor core is sealed by a sealant, the maximum value of the cold end temperature can be 100 ℃, when the cold end temperature T10 is greater than or equal to 100 ℃, the circulating pump is started to circulate the cooling water of the cooling module, the temperature T60 of the cooling water inlet is monitored, and when the temperature T60 of the cooling water inlet is greater than or equal to 80 ℃, the cooling fan is started to cool the cooling water, so that the temperature T60 of the cooling water inlet is maintained at about 85 ℃, and the error is 5 ℃.

Judging whether the reformer temperature is greater than or equal to the minimum reformer temperature value or not; and if so, starting a reforming fuel pump, raising the temperature of the reformer to a preset reforming temperature range, and maintaining the temperature of the reformer in the preset reforming range. The reformer temperature minimum value may refer to a preset minimum temperature at which the reforming fuel pump is turned on. In some embodiments, the reformer temperature minimum may be 230 ℃ and when the reformer temperature T20 ≧ 230 ℃, the reforming fuel pump is turned on to step up the reforming temperature to the reforming temperature (e.g., the temperature at which methanol water is reformed). The preset reforming range may refer to a preset temperature range in which fuel is reformed. In some embodiments, the subject of reforming may be methanol water and the reforming temperature may be between 230 ℃ and 280 ℃.

Judging whether the temperature of the galvanic pile is more than or equal to the minimum value of the temperature of the galvanic pile; if so, starting the cathode fan, raising the temperature of the electric pile to a preset electric pile temperature range, and maintaining the temperature of the fuel electric pile in the preset electric pile temperature range. The stack temperature minimum may refer to a minimum stack temperature at which the cathode fan is turned on. And when the temperature T40 of the galvanic pile is more than or equal to 600 ℃, starting a cathode fan of the galvanic pile, and gradually increasing the temperature of the galvanic pile to the reaction temperature of the galvanic pile. The preset stack temperature range may refer to a temperature range in which the stack performs a reaction. In some embodiments, the preset stack temperature range T50 may be 650 ≦ T50 ≦ 800 ℃ to maintain the fuel stack temperature within the preset stack temperature range.

Judging whether the temperature T30 of the water heater is more than or equal to the minimum value of the temperature of the water heater; if yes, a hot water inlet switch is turned on. The water heater can be realized through a tail gas treatment module. The cold water is input into the tail gas treatment module, and the tail gas treatment module outputs hot water. The minimum value of the water heater temperature may refer to a preset minimum temperature of the output hot water. In some embodiments, the minimum value of the water heater temperature can be 90 ℃, and when the water heater temperature T30 is more than or equal to 90 ℃, a hot water inlet switch is turned on to provide hot water.

And if the heating parameters are not in the preset heating temperature range, adjusting the feeding amount of the combustion fan and the heating fuel.

If the ignition is unsuccessful, the ignition is repeated, and the ignition state is judged.

And if the ignition state shows that the ignition is successful, adjusting combustion parameters and executing subsequent steps.

And if the ignition state shows that the ignition is not successful, closing the heating fuel switch valve and the combustion fan, and giving an alarm.

Fig. 4 is an exemplary flow diagram for shutting down a SOFC stack provided by some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, the process 400 may be performed by the stack 100. As shown in fig. 3, the flow 400 may include the following:

the one-touch shutdown method can be performed when the stack meets an emergency and needs to be shut down or normally shut down. The shell can be provided with a stop button, and a user can stop the electric pile by one key through the stop button.

And when a command of stopping by one key is received, gradually decreasing the air quantity of the reforming fuel, the cathode fan and the combustion fan to respective preset values, and closing a water inlet switch of the water heater.

Judging whether the temperature T70 of the cooling water outlet is less than or equal to a preset shutdown cooling temperature, judging whether the temperature T50 of the cell stack is less than or equal to a preset cell stack shutdown temperature, and judging whether the reformer temperature T20 is within a preset shutdown reforming temperature range. The preset shutdown cooling temperature may refer to a preset maximum value of the outlet temperature of the cooling water in the shutdown cooling module. In some embodiments, the preset shutdown cooling temperature may be 55 ℃. The preset stack shutdown temperature may refer to a preset maximum temperature of the stack at shutdown. In some embodiments, the preset stack shutdown temperature may be 400 ℃. The preset shutdown reforming temperature range may refer to a temperature range of a reforming temperature at shutdown that is set in advance. In some embodiments, the preset shutdown reforming temperature range T20 may be 180 ℃. Ltoreq.T 20 ≦ 240 ℃.

If yes, closing the heating fuel switch valve, closing the circulating pump, closing the heat dissipation fan, closing the heating fan and closing the reforming fuel pump. For example, when the outlet temperature T70 of the cooling water is less than or equal to 50 ℃, the temperature T50 of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to 400 ℃ and the temperature T20 of the reformer is less than or equal to 180 ℃ and less than or equal to 240 ℃, the heating fuel switch valve is closed, the circulating pump is closed, the heat radiation fan is closed, the heating fan is closed, and the reforming fuel pump is closed, so that the shutdown is realized.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) electric pile is characterized by comprising a heating module, a reactor core, a reforming module, a tail gas treatment module, a cooling module and a heat preservation module;

the heating module is used for heating the reactor core and the cathode gas; the cathode gas is sent into the reactor core to carry out cathode reaction;

carrying out electrochemical reaction in the reactor core and outputting electric energy outwards; the electrochemical reaction comprises the cathode reaction and the anode reaction; generating cathode tail gas after the cathode reaction, wherein the cathode tail gas supplies heat for the reforming module;

the reforming module is used for gasifying and reforming the reforming fuel into hydrogen-rich gas; the hydrogen-rich gas is sent into the reactor core for anode reaction;

the tail gas treatment module is used for treating the cathode tail gas and the anode tail gas and supplying heat to the outside;

the cooling module is used for cooling the cold end of the reactor core;

the heat preservation module is used for preventing heat in the galvanic pile from dissipating.

2. The SOFC stack of claim 1, wherein the heating module comprises a heating unit, a heating block, a heat transfer block, and an air preheating unit;

the heating unit is used for generating heat;

the heating block is disposed between the heating unit and the core to uniformly heat the core;

the heat conducting block is used for conducting the heat of the heating block to the reactor core;

the air preheating unit is used for heating the cathode gas.

3. The SOFC stack of claim 2, wherein the air preheating unit comprises an air preheating sub-unit and an air distribution sub-unit;

the air preheating subunit is arranged between the heating unit and the heating block and used for heating the cathode gas by using the heat generated by the heating unit;

the air distribution subunit is used for distributing the heated cathode gas to the core.

4. SOFC stack according to claim 2, characterised by the heating unit being an infrared combustion furnace or an electric heater.

5. The SOFC stack of claim 1, wherein the tail gas treatment module comprises a tail gas treatment unit, a stack anode tail gas dehydration unit, a stack cathode tail gas inlet, a stack anode tail gas inlet, a tail gas treatment outlet, and a heat recovery unit;

the galvanic pile anode tail gas inlet is used for sending anode tail gas into the galvanic pile anode tail gas dehydration unit;

the galvanic pile anode tail gas dehydration unit is used for dehydrating the anode tail gas and sending the dehydrated anode tail gas into the tail gas treatment unit, and a check valve is arranged between the galvanic pile anode tail gas dehydration unit and the tail gas treatment unit;

the stack cathode tail gas inlet is used for sending the cathode tail gas into the tail gas treatment unit;

the tail gas treatment unit is used for carrying out reaction heat release on the dehydrated anode tail gas and the dehydrated cathode tail gas;

the tail gas outlet is used for discharging tail gas generated after the dehydrated anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas react;

the heat recovery unit is used for recovering heat generated by the reaction of the dehydrated anode tail gas and the dehydrated cathode tail gas and supplying heat to the outside.

6. SOFC stack according to claim 1, characterised by the cooling modules being cooling blocks and/or cooling channels;

the cooling blocks are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of a grid plate of the reactor core;

the cooling channel is arranged in the middle of the grid plate of the reactor core.

7. The SOFC stack of claim 1, further comprising a housing, the heating module, the core, the reformer, the tail gas treatment module, and the cooling module being disposed inside the housing, an insulating material being disposed between each module and an inner surface of the housing.

8. The SOFC stack of claim 1, wherein the reforming module is disposed inside or outside the stack; comprises a reforming fuel gasification unit and a reformer;

the reforming fuel gasification unit is used for gasifying liquid reforming fuel;

the reformer is used for reforming the gasified reformed fuel into hydrogen-rich gas.

9. A method for starting up a SOFC stack, characterized in that the method is applied to the SOFC stack of any of claims 1-8, comprising,

starting a combustion fan to purge a heating module;

after purging for the preset purging time, starting a heating fuel switch valve to add heating fuel, and performing automatic ignition;

judging whether the ignition is successful;

if the ignition is successful, adjusting combustion parameters and judging whether the heating parameters are within a preset heating temperature range;

if the heating parameters are within the preset heating temperature range, maintaining the heating parameters, monitoring the combustion state of the heating module, and judging whether to extinguish;

if the engine is flamed out, whether other parts are started or not is judged;

if other parts are all started, executing an emergency stop or one-key shutdown command;

if other parts are not opened, closing the heating fuel switch valve and the combustion fan, and giving an alarm;

if the flame is not extinguished, maintaining the combustion parameters, wherein the combustion parameters comprise cold end temperature, reformer temperature, electric pile temperature and water heater temperature;

judging whether the cold end temperature is greater than or equal to the maximum cold end temperature; if so, cooling the cold end by using cooling water in a preset temperature range;

judging whether the reformer temperature is greater than or equal to the minimum reformer temperature value or not; if so, starting a reforming fuel pump, raising the temperature of the reformer to a preset reforming temperature range, and maintaining the temperature of the reformer in the preset reforming range;

judging whether the temperature of the galvanic pile is more than or equal to the minimum value of the temperature of the galvanic pile; if so, starting a cathode fan, increasing the temperature of the galvanic pile to a preset galvanic pile temperature range, and maintaining the temperature of the galvanic pile in the preset galvanic pile temperature range;

judging whether the temperature of the water heater is greater than or equal to the minimum value of the temperature of the water heater or not; if yes, a hot water inlet switch is turned on;

if the heating parameters are not in the preset heating temperature range, adjusting the feeding amounts of the combustion fan and the heating fuel;

if the ignition is unsuccessful, repeating the ignition and judging the ignition state;

if the ignition state shows that the ignition is successful, adjusting combustion parameters and executing subsequent steps; and if the ignition state shows that the ignition is not successful, closing the heating fuel switch valve and the combustion fan, and giving an alarm.

10. The method for starting up a SOFC stack according to claim 9, wherein the executing of the scram or key-off command comprises,

gradually decreasing the reformed fuel, the cathode fan and the combustion fan to respective preset values, and closing a water inlet switch of the water heater;

judging whether the temperature of the cooling water outlet is less than or equal to a preset shutdown cooling temperature, judging whether the temperature of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to a preset galvanic pile shutdown temperature and judging whether the temperature of the reformer is within a preset shutdown reforming temperature range;

if yes, closing the heating fuel switch valve, closing the circulating pump, closing the heat dissipation fan, closing the heating fan and closing the reforming fuel pump.