CN115372410B - Bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system and method - Google Patents
Bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115372410B CN115372410B CN202211014590.4A CN202211014590A CN115372410B CN 115372410 B CN115372410 B CN 115372410B CN 202211014590 A CN202211014590 A CN 202211014590A CN 115372410 B CN115372410 B CN 115372410B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention discloses a bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system and a method, wherein the bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system comprises an environmental parameter acquisition device, a test parameter acquisition device and a data processing unit, the environmental parameter acquisition device acquires environmental parameters, the test parameter acquisition device acquires test parameters, and the data processing unit calculates a convective heat transfer coefficient, a radiative heat transfer coefficient and an equivalent environmental temperature according to the environmental parameters and the test parameters; the test method comprises steps S1-S3. The invention decouples the influence of the convection heat exchange and the radiation heat exchange of the bridge structure on the surface of the bridge respectively, and calculates the boundary conditions of the convection heat exchange coefficient, the radiation heat exchange coefficient and the equivalent environment temperature, thereby being beneficial to the numerical simulation analysis of the temperature effect of the cross section of the main beam of the bridge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering, in particular to a system and a method for testing thermal boundary conditions on the surface of a bridge.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing traffic demand between different regions in China, the span of a bridge is gradually increased, and the width of the cross section of a main beam of the bridge is gradually widened; in a complex natural environment, a non-uniform temperature field can be formed on the cross section of a bridge girder, so that local temperature stress is generated on the cross section of the girder, the durability of the bridge is seriously influenced, and huge economic loss is caused; therefore, it is important to accurately analyze the local temperature field of the cross section of the main beam of the bridge.
At present, a numerical simulation method is mainly adopted for analyzing the non-uniform temperature field distribution of the cross section of a bridge girder, and the thermal boundary condition of the surface of the bridge needs to be calculated; when the thermal boundary condition of the surface of the bridge is calculated, a formula method is generally adopted for iteration, but a plurality of assumptions exist in the process, so that a calculation result has a large error; a few researches adopt a test device to test the convection heat exchange coefficient and the radiation heat exchange coefficient of the building material, but the environmental conditions of an engineering field cannot be simulated in a laboratory.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a more accurate bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system and a method.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system is provided, which includes:
the environment parameter acquisition device is used for acquiring environment parameters, and the environment parameters comprise the ambient wind speed of a bridge site area, the ambient temperature of the bridge site area and the ambient radiation value of the bridge site area;
the test parameter acquisition device is used for acquiring test parameters, and the test parameters comprise the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow, the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of illumination and no air flow, and the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and air flow;
and the data processing unit is used for calculating the convection heat exchange coefficient, the radiation heat exchange coefficient and the equivalent environment temperature according to the environment parameters and the test parameters.
The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical scheme are: the environmental parameter acquisition device and the test parameter acquisition device are subjected to on-site actual measurement and are respectively used for acquiring the environmental parameters and the test parameters, so that the influence of the convection heat exchange and the radiation heat exchange of the bridge structure on the surface temperature of the bridge is decoupled; the data processing unit calculates boundary conditions such as a convective heat transfer coefficient, a radiant heat transfer coefficient and an equivalent ambient temperature according to the environmental parameters and the test parameters, and is favorable for numerical simulation analysis of a temperature effect of the cross section of the bridge girder.
Further, the environmental parameter acquisition device comprises a wind speed sensor, a first temperature sensor and a radiation sensor which are arranged in the bridge site area; a wind speed sensor of the bridge site area acquires ambient wind speed of the bridge site area, a first temperature sensor acquires ambient temperature of the bridge site area, and a radiation sensor acquires ambient radiation value of the bridge site area.
Furthermore, the test parameter acquisition device comprises a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor, wherein a light-reflecting closed cover, a transparent closed cover and a light-reflecting air-permeable cover are respectively arranged outside the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor; the light reflecting closed cover isolates illumination and air flow, so that the second temperature sensor is not influenced by thermal radiation and thermal convection, and the second temperature sensor collects the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow; the transparent closed cover isolates air flow, so that the third temperature sensor is only affected by heat radiation, and the third temperature sensor collects the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of illumination and no air flow; the light reflecting and ventilating cover isolates illumination, so that the fourth temperature sensor is only influenced by heat convection, and the fourth temperature sensor collects the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and air flow.
Furthermore, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor are arranged at the transverse midspan position on the surface of the bridge at equal intervals, mutual interference of the acquisition environments of the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor is avoided, and the influence on the reliability of data acquisition due to too far distance among the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor is avoided.
In a second aspect, a testing method is also provided, which includes the following steps:
s1: acquiring ambient wind speed, ambient temperature and ambient radiation value of a bridge site area;
s2: collecting the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow, the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of illumination and no air flow, and the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and air flow;
s3: and calculating the convection heat transfer coefficient, the radiation heat transfer coefficient and the equivalent environment temperature of the surface of the bridge according to the environment parameters and the test parameters.
The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical scheme are: through the on-site measurement, the influences of the convection heat transfer and the radiation heat transfer of the bridge structure on the surface temperature of the bridge are decoupled, the calculation of the convection heat transfer coefficient and the radiation heat transfer coefficient of the engineering structure in the natural environment is realized, the accurate equivalent environment temperature of the bridge structure can be obtained, and the numerical simulation analysis of the non-uniform temperature field of the cross section of the bridge structure is facilitated.
Further, the calculation formula of the convective heat transfer coefficient is as follows:
wherein h is w C is the specific heat capacity of air, rho is the density of air, U is the ambient wind speed of the bridge site area at the moment i, and T i The surface temperature, T, of the bridge under the condition of no illumination and air flow at the moment i i-st The surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and air flow at the moment i-st, st is the time step length, T 0 Is the ambient bridge site temperature at time i.
Further, the calculation formula of the radiant heat transfer coefficient is as follows:
wherein h is f Is the radiation heat transfer coefficient, C is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, epsilon is the radiation emission coefficient, T 1 The surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of i moment illumination and no air flow, T t Is the difference between the temperature in degrees Celsius and the thermodynamic temperature, T 0 Is the ambient bridge site temperature at time i.
Further, the calculation formula of the equivalent ambient temperature is as follows:
wherein, T 2 To equivalent ambient temperature, T 3 The surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow at the moment I, alpha is the radiation absorption coefficient of the bridge deck, and I is the ambient radiation value of the bridge site area at the moment I.
Further, the bridge deck is made of steel, and the radiation absorption coefficient α =0.64 of the bridge deck.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a test method;
wherein, 1, the surface of the bridge, 2, the wind speed sensor, 3, the first temperature sensor, 4, the radiation sensor, 5, the data processing unit, 6, the second temperature sensor, 7, a third temperature sensor, 8, a fourth temperature sensor, 9, a reflective and breathable cover, 10, a transparent closed cover, 11 and a reflective closed cover.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, the present solution provides a bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system, which includes:
the environment parameter acquisition device is used for acquiring environment parameters, and the environment parameters comprise the ambient wind speed of a bridge site area, the ambient temperature of the bridge site area and the ambient radiation value of the bridge site area;
the test parameter acquisition device is used for acquiring test parameters, and the test parameters comprise the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow, the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of illumination and no air flow, and the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and air flow;
and the data processing unit 5 is used for calculating the convection heat exchange coefficient, the radiation heat exchange coefficient and the equivalent environment temperature according to the environment parameters and the test parameters.
The environmental parameter acquisition device and the test parameter acquisition device are subjected to on-site actual measurement and are respectively used for acquiring the environmental parameters and the test parameters, so that the influence of the convection heat exchange and the radiation heat exchange of the bridge structure on the surface temperature of the bridge is decoupled; the data processing unit 5 calculates boundary conditions such as convection heat transfer coefficient, radiation heat transfer coefficient and equivalent environment temperature according to the environmental parameters and the test parameters, and is favorable for numerical simulation analysis of the temperature effect of the cross section of the bridge girder.
During implementation, the optimal environment parameter acquisition device comprises the wind speed sensor 2, the first temperature sensor 3 and the radiation sensor 4 which are arranged in the bridge site area, wherein the wind speed sensor 2 in the bridge site area acquires the ambient wind speed in the bridge site area, the first temperature sensor 3 acquires the ambient temperature in the bridge site area, and the radiation sensor 4 acquires the ambient radiation value in the bridge site area.
In one embodiment of the invention, the test parameter acquisition device comprises a second temperature sensor 6, a third temperature sensor 7 and a fourth temperature sensor 8, and a light-reflecting closed cover 11, a transparent closed cover 10 and a light-reflecting and air-permeable cover 9 are respectively arranged outside the second temperature sensor 6, the third temperature sensor 7 and the fourth temperature sensor 8; the reflective closed cover 11 isolates illumination and air flow, so that the second temperature sensor 6 is not influenced by thermal radiation and thermal convection, and the second temperature sensor 6 collects the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow; the transparent closed cover 10 isolates air flow, so that the third temperature sensor 7 is only affected by heat radiation, and the third temperature sensor 7 collects the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of illumination and no air flow; the reflective and air-permeable cover 9 isolates illumination, so that the fourth temperature sensor 8 is only affected by thermal convection, and the fourth temperature sensor 8 collects the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and air flow.
During design, the second temperature sensor 6, the third temperature sensor 7 and the fourth temperature sensor 8 are preferably arranged at the transverse midspan position of the bridge surface 1 at equal intervals, mutual interference of the acquisition environments of the second temperature sensor 6, the third temperature sensor 7 and the fourth temperature sensor 8 is avoided, and the data acquisition reliability is prevented from being influenced by the fact that the second temperature sensor 6, the third temperature sensor 7 and the fourth temperature sensor 8 are too far away.
As shown in fig. 2, the present solution further provides a testing method, which includes the following steps:
s1: the environment parameter acquisition device acquires the ambient wind speed, ambient temperature and ambient radiation value of the bridge site area and transmits the data processing unit 5;
s2: the test parameter acquisition device acquires the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow, the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow and the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow so as to decouple the surface heat convection and the heat radiation of the bridge structure and transmit the decoupling to the data processing unit 5;
s3: and the data processing unit calculates the convection heat transfer coefficient, the radiation heat transfer coefficient and the equivalent environment temperature of the bridge surface 1 according to the environmental parameters and the test parameters.
Through the on-site measurement, the influences of the convection heat transfer and the radiation heat transfer of the bridge structure on the surface temperature of the bridge are decoupled, the calculation of the convection heat transfer coefficient and the radiation heat transfer coefficient of the engineering structure in the natural environment is realized, the accurate equivalent environment temperature of the bridge structure can be obtained, and the numerical simulation analysis of the non-uniform temperature field of the cross section of the bridge structure is facilitated.
Wherein, the calculation formula of the heat convection coefficient is as follows:
wherein h is w The convective heat transfer coefficient has the unit W/(m) 2 C) is the specific heat capacity of air, c = 1007J/(kg. ° C), ρ is the density of air, ρ =1.29kg/m 3 U is the ambient wind speed of the bridge site area at the moment i, and the unit of the ambient wind speed of the bridge site area is m/s and T i I bridge surface temperature, T, under no illumination and air flow conditions at time i i-st The surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and air flow at the moment i-st, st is the time step length, T 0 Is the ambient bridge site temperature at time i.
The calculation formula of the radiant heat transfer coefficient is as follows:
wherein h is f The radiation heat transfer coefficient is W/(m) 2 C) is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, C =5.67 × 10 -8 W/(m 2 .K 4 ) Epsilon is the radiation emission coefficient, epsilon =0.9 1 The surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of i moment illumination and no air flow, T t Is the difference between the temperature in degrees Celsius and the thermodynamic temperature, T t ＝273.15℃，T 0 Is the ambient bridge site temperature at time i.
The calculation formula of the equivalent environment temperature is as follows:
wherein, T 2 To equivalent ambient temperature, T 3 The surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination at the moment I and no air flow, wherein I is the ambient radiation value of the bridge site area at the moment I, and the unit of the ambient radiation value of the bridge site area is W/m 2 (ii) a α is the radiation absorption coefficient of the bridge deck, whereas the bridge deck is made of steel, the radiation absorption coefficient of the bridge deck α =0.64.
Claims (6)
1. A bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system, comprising:
the environment parameter acquisition device is used for acquiring environment parameters, and the environment parameters comprise the ambient wind speed of a bridge site area, the ambient temperature of the bridge site area and the ambient radiation value of the bridge site area;
the test parameter acquisition device is used for acquiring test parameters, and the test parameters comprise the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow, the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of illumination and no air flow, and the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and air flow;
the data processing unit (5) is used for calculating a convection heat exchange coefficient, a radiation heat exchange coefficient and an equivalent environment temperature according to the environment parameters and the test parameters;
the calculation formula of the convective heat transfer coefficient is as follows:
wherein h is w C is the specific heat capacity of air, rho is the density of air, U is the ambient wind speed of the bridge site area at the moment i, and T i I bridge surface temperature, T, under no illumination and air flow conditions at time i i-st The surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and air flow at the moment i-st, st is the time step length, T 0 Is the ambient temperature of the bridge site area at time i;
the calculation formula of the radiant heat transfer coefficient is as follows:
wherein h is f Is the radiation heat transfer coefficient, C is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, epsilon is the radiation emission coefficient, T 1 I bridge surface temperature under the conditions of illumination at moment and no air flow, T t Is the difference between the temperature in degrees Celsius and the thermodynamic temperature, T 0 The ambient temperature of the bridge site area at the moment i;
the calculation formula of the equivalent environment temperature is as follows:
wherein, T 2 To equivalent ambient temperature, T 3 The surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow at the moment I, alpha is the radiation absorption coefficient of the bridge deck, and I is the ambient radiation value of the bridge site area at the moment I.
2. The bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system of claim 1, wherein the environmental parameter acquisition device comprises a wind speed sensor (2), a first temperature sensor (3) and a radiation sensor (4) arranged at a bridge site area.
3. The bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system according to claim 1, wherein the test parameter collecting device comprises a second temperature sensor (6), a third temperature sensor (7) and a fourth temperature sensor (8), and a reflective enclosure (11), a transparent enclosure (10) and a reflective and transparent cover (9) are respectively arranged outside the second temperature sensor (6), the third temperature sensor (7) and the fourth temperature sensor (8).
4. The bridge skin thermal boundary condition testing system of claim 3, characterized in that the second temperature sensor (6), the third temperature sensor (7) and the fourth temperature sensor (8) are arranged at equal intervals at a transverse midspan position of the bridge skin (1).
5. A testing method of the bridge surface thermal boundary condition testing system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring the ambient wind speed, ambient temperature and ambient radiation value of a bridge site area;
s2: collecting the surface temperature of a bridge under the conditions of no illumination and no air flow, the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of illumination and no air flow, and the surface temperature of the bridge under the conditions of no illumination and air flow;
s3: and calculating the convection heat transfer coefficient, the radiation heat transfer coefficient and the equivalent environment temperature of the surface of the bridge according to the environment parameters and the test parameters.
6. The test method of claim 5, wherein the deck slab is made of steel and the deck slab has a radiation absorption coefficient α =0.64.
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