CN115371525A - Measuring gauge and rapid measuring method in production process of large-diameter inner taper hole product - Google Patents

Measuring gauge and rapid measuring method in production process of large-diameter inner taper hole product Download PDF

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CN115371525A
CN115371525A CN202211008889.9A CN202211008889A CN115371525A CN 115371525 A CN115371525 A CN 115371525A CN 202211008889 A CN202211008889 A CN 202211008889A CN 115371525 A CN115371525 A CN 115371525A
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gauge
product
hole
measuring
production process
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孙景屹
杜鑫
胡晓飞
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CRRC Dalian Co Ltd
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CRRC Dalian Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/24Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B5/241Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for measuring conicity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/08Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
    • G01B5/12Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a measuring gauge in the production process of a large-diameter inner taper hole product, which comprises a supporting structure, a positioning structure and a gauge stand adjusting structure. The method comprises the following steps: s1, before measurement, a standard ring gauge is used for calibrating and zeroing the gauge: s11, placing the gauge into a standard ring gauge, adjusting the proper distance between the positioning adjusting rod and the gauge stand adjusting rod according to the size of the inner hole of the standard ring gauge, and screwing a fixing bolt; s12, clamping an inner hole of the ring gauge by using a positioning bolt, swinging the cross beam, and adjusting the positions of the two dial gauges at the maximum diameter to be zero points; s2, when a measured product is measured, the calibrated gauge is placed in an inner conical hole of the measured product to be measured, the inner conical hole is clamped by the positioning bolt, the cross beam is swung, the two dial gauges are adjusted to be in the maximum diameter position, and data of the two dial gauges are observed and recorded. The invention can reduce labor intensity and improve production efficiency.

Description

大直径内锥孔产品生产过程中测量表规及快速测量方法Measuring gauge and rapid measuring method in the production process of large-diameter inner tapered hole products

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及锥度测量技术领域,具体而言,尤其涉及一种大直径内锥孔产品生产过程中测量表规及快速测量方法。The invention relates to the technical field of taper measurement, in particular to a measuring gauge and a rapid measuring method in the production process of large-diameter inner tapered hole products.

背景技术Background technique

机车的从动齿轮和车轮与车轴的配合通常采用锥孔过盈配合连接,尺寸精度高,锥孔结构在测量其尺寸时侯,常规方法是采用塞规检测。将计量合格的塞规尺寸与图纸要求的锥孔尺寸进行对比,换算成H值,在检测时将塞规放入锥孔内测量其H值作为检测锥孔尺寸的标准。由于受到结构限制一种塞规只能检测一种产品,甚至对超过被检测锥孔1mm的产品也无法使用,只能重新设计量具,同时对于检测锥孔尺寸过大的塞规而言,其自身重量也相应增加,操作极其不便。The driven gear of the locomotive, the wheel and the axle are usually connected by a tapered hole interference fit, which has high dimensional accuracy. When measuring the size of the tapered hole structure, the conventional method is to use a plug gauge to detect it. Compare the size of the qualified plug gauge with the size of the taper hole required by the drawing, and convert it into an H value. When testing, put the plug gauge into the taper hole and measure its H value as a standard for testing the size of the taper hole. Due to structural limitations, a plug gauge can only detect one product, and even cannot be used for products that exceed 1mm of the taper hole to be tested, so the measuring tool can only be redesigned. Self weight also correspondingly increases, and operation is extremely inconvenient.

目前常用塞规进行锥孔检测,具体有两种方式:1、将计量合格的塞规尺寸与锥孔尺寸进行对比,换算成H值,作为锥孔尺寸的检测标准。在检测锥孔尺寸时将塞规放入锥孔内,测量出H值进行锥孔合格与否的评判;2、利用硃印油均匀涂在塞规的表面,将塞规放入锥孔内轻微转动再取出,目测检查锥孔内硃印油的痕迹,判断是否达到标准要求的接触面积。但存在以下缺点:At present, plug gauges are commonly used to detect taper holes. There are two specific methods: 1. Compare the measured plug gauge size with the taper hole size, convert it into H value, and use it as the test standard for the taper hole size. When testing the size of the taper hole, put the plug gauge into the taper hole, measure the H value to judge whether the taper hole is qualified or not; Turn it and take it out, visually inspect the traces of vermilion oil in the taper hole, and judge whether the contact area required by the standard is met. But there are the following disadvantages:

(1)具有唯一性,一种塞规只能检测一种锥孔规格的产品,甚至对超过被检测锥孔1mm的产品也无法使用,只能重新设计生产量规。(1) It is unique. A plug gauge can only detect a product with a tapered hole specification, and even a product that exceeds the tested tapered hole by 1mm cannot be used, and the production gauge can only be redesigned.

(2)可操作性较差,对于锥孔尺寸较大的塞规,量具自身重量亦较大甚至可达几十公斤,操作及其不便。图1所示为传统塞规测量简易图,即需要手动将塞规放入被测产品内孔。然后测量A值,换算出内孔大端直径是否符合设计要求。但是,每个人放入塞规的力度不尽相同,会导致测量的A值都不一样。这是传统塞规不可避免的缺陷。(2) The operability is poor. For the plug gauge with a large tapered hole size, the weight of the measuring tool itself is also relatively large, even up to tens of kilograms, which is extremely inconvenient to operate. Figure 1 shows a simple diagram of traditional plug gauge measurement, that is, it is necessary to manually place the plug gauge into the inner hole of the product under test. Then measure the A value and convert it to see if the diameter of the large end of the inner hole meets the design requirements. However, the strength of each person's plug gauge is different, which will cause the measured A value to be different. This is an inevitable defect of traditional plug gauges.

(3)测量精度较低,传统塞规检测时无法直接检测出锥孔角度,需人为判断塞规与被测产品内锥孔的接触面接间接得出结论。即采用专用涂红涂抹在塞规表面,再将塞规适度放入被测产品内锥孔,然后取出目测被测产品内锥孔沾染涂红的占比比例(当达到85%以上,则认为是合格)。但是,这种方法需要非常专业的人员进行操作,因为涂抹涂红厚度、放入塞规的力度、目测接触面积比例都是影响最终结果不可控制的人为因素。存在极大误差。(3) The measurement accuracy is low. The angle of the taper hole cannot be directly detected when the traditional plug gauge is tested. It is necessary to manually judge the contact surface between the plug gauge and the taper hole in the product under test to draw an indirect conclusion. That is, use a special red paint to smear the surface of the plug gauge, then put the plug gauge into the inner cone hole of the product under test, and then take it out and visually measure the proportion of the cone hole in the product under test that is stained with red paint (when it reaches more than 85%, it is considered is qualified). However, this method requires very professional personnel to operate, because the thickness of smearing red, the strength of inserting the plug gauge, and the ratio of visual contact area are all uncontrollable human factors that affect the final result. There is a huge error.

发明内容Contents of the invention

根据上述提出的现有技术具有唯一性,一种塞规只能检测一种锥孔规格的产品,甚至对超过被检测锥孔1mm的产品也无法使用,只能重新设计生产量规;可操作性较差,对于锥孔尺寸较大的塞规,量具自身重量亦较大甚至可达几十公斤,操作及其不便;测量精度较低,传统塞规检测时无法直接检测出锥孔角度,需人为判断塞规与被测产品内锥孔的接触面接间接得出结论的技术问题,而提供一种大直径内锥孔产品生产过程中测量表规及快速测量方法。本发明主要采用一种简单易行的测量方法和装置,测量主体是千分表,可以镶嵌或被夹紧在特殊的表架之上,相比传统塞规测量观察H值精度更高,而且在内孔直径比较大的情况下表规的优势更胜沉重的塞规,测量尤为方便容易。According to the uniqueness of the existing technology proposed above, a plug gauge can only detect a product with a tapered hole specification, and even a product that exceeds the tapered hole 1mm to be tested cannot be used, and the production gauge can only be redesigned; Operability Poor, for plug gauges with large taper hole size, the weight of the measuring tool itself is also large or even up to tens of kilograms, which is extremely inconvenient to operate; the measurement accuracy is low, and the traditional plug gauge cannot directly detect the taper hole angle when testing. The technical problem of artificially judging the contact surface between the plug gauge and the inner tapered hole of the product under test is to draw conclusions indirectly, and a measuring gauge and a rapid measurement method in the production process of the large-diameter inner tapered hole product are provided. The invention mainly adopts a simple and easy measuring method and device. The measuring body is a dial indicator, which can be inlaid or clamped on a special watch frame. Compared with the traditional plug gauge, the H value measurement and observation accuracy is higher, and When the diameter of the inner hole is relatively large, the advantage of the gauge is better than that of the heavy plug gauge, and the measurement is particularly convenient and easy.

本发明采用的技术手段如下:The technical means adopted in the present invention are as follows:

一种大直径内锥孔产品生产过程中测量表规,包括:支撑结构、定位结构和表座调整结构,定位结构的上部安装在支撑结构一侧,下部在测量时与被测工件的内孔的一侧内壁接触;表座调整结构的上部安装在支撑结构另一侧,下部安装有两个千分表,两个千分表在测量时与被测工件的内孔的另一侧内壁接触。A measuring gage during the production process of large-diameter inner tapered hole products, including: a supporting structure, a positioning structure and a table seat adjustment structure, the upper part of the positioning structure is installed on one side of the supporting structure, and the lower part is in contact with the inner hole of the workpiece to be measured during measurement. The upper part of the adjustment structure of the table seat is installed on the other side of the support structure, and the lower part is installed with two dial gauges, and the two dial gauges are in contact with the inner wall of the other side of the inner hole of the workpiece to be measured during measurement. .

进一步地,所述支撑结构采用横梁。Further, the support structure adopts beams.

进一步地,所述定位结构包括第一基座和定位调整杆,第一基座安装在横梁上且可在横梁上移动,第一基座在测量时与内孔的一侧上端面接触;定位调整杆连接在第一基座的下端,定位调整杆的下部连接有定位螺栓,定位螺栓在测量时与被测工件的内孔的一侧内壁接触。Further, the positioning structure includes a first base and a positioning adjustment rod, the first base is installed on the beam and can move on the beam, the first base is in contact with the end surface on one side of the inner hole during measurement; the positioning The adjusting rod is connected to the lower end of the first base, the lower part of the positioning adjusting rod is connected with a positioning bolt, and the positioning bolt is in contact with the inner wall of one side of the inner hole of the workpiece to be measured during measurement.

进一步地,所述定位螺栓的前端为圆头体,圆头体与内孔内壁间为点接触。Further, the front end of the positioning bolt is a round head, and the round head is in point contact with the inner wall of the inner hole.

进一步地,所述表座调整结构包括第二基座和表座调整杆,第二基座安装在横梁上且可在横梁上移动,第二基座在测量时与内孔的另一侧上端面接触;表座调整杆连接在第二基座的下端,两个千分表上下间隔安装在表座调整杆上。Further, the table base adjustment structure includes a second base and a table base adjustment rod, the second base is installed on the beam and can move on the beam, and the second base is connected to the other side of the inner hole during measurement. The end faces are in contact; the table seat adjustment rod is connected to the lower end of the second base, and the two dial gauges are installed on the table seat adjustment rod at intervals up and down.

进一步地,所述第一基座通过固定螺栓与横梁连接,第一基座上与横梁接触的底面光滑平整。Further, the first base is connected to the beam through fixing bolts, and the bottom surface of the first base in contact with the beam is smooth and flat.

进一步地,所述第二基座通过固定螺栓与横梁连接,第二基座上与横梁接触的底面光滑平整。Further, the second base is connected to the beam through fixing bolts, and the bottom surface of the second base in contact with the beam is smooth and flat.

本发明还提供了一种快速测量方法,使用上述大直径内锥孔产品生产过程中测量表规,包括如下步骤:The present invention also provides a quick measuring method, using the measuring gauge in the production process of the above-mentioned large-diameter inner tapered hole product, including the following steps:

S1、测量前,通过标准环规对表规进行校对调零操作:S1. Before the measurement, check and zero the meter gauge through the standard ring gauge:

S11、将表规放入标准环规内,根据标准环规内孔尺寸调整定位调整杆和表座调整杆之间的适当距离,拧紧固定螺栓;S11. Put the watch gauge into the standard ring gauge, adjust the proper distance between the positioning adjustment rod and the watch seat adjustment rod according to the inner hole size of the standard ring gauge, and tighten the fixing bolts;

S12、以定位螺栓卡住标准环规内孔,摆动横梁,调整两个千分表在最大直径的位置为零点;S12. Clamp the inner hole of the standard ring gauge with the positioning bolt, swing the crossbeam, and adjust the two dial gauges to zero at the position of the maximum diameter;

S2、测量被测产品时,将校对好的表规放入被测产品内锥孔内进行测量,以定位螺栓卡住内锥孔,摆动横梁,调整两个千分表处于最大直径位置,观察并记录两个千分表数据。S2. When measuring the tested product, put the calibrated gauge into the inner taper hole of the tested product for measurement, clamp the inner taper hole with the positioning bolt, swing the beam, adjust the two dial gauges to the maximum diameter position, and observe And record two dial indicator data.

进一步地,所述步骤S2中,若千分表数据为零,则被测产品与标准环规尺寸一致;若千分表数据不为零,则利用校对参数原理,根据数据换算成角度进行对比调整设备,进一步修正内锥孔尺寸。Further, in the step S2, if the dial gauge data is zero, the measured product is consistent with the size of the standard ring gauge; if the dial gauge data is not zero, use the principle of proofreading parameters to convert the data into angles for comparison Adjust the equipment to further correct the size of the inner taper hole.

进一步地,所述校对参数原理为:利用两点成一线原理以及三角函数计算出标准环规锥度锥角为:Further, the principle of the proofreading parameter is: using the principle of two points forming a line and trigonometric functions to calculate the taper angle of the standard ring gauge as:

α=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1)};α=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1)};

式中参数可对照标准环规计量值,L1为第一千分表对应基准面的距离,D1为第一千分表在锥孔测量点的虚拟直径,L2为第二千分表对应基准面的距离,D2为第二千分表在锥孔测量点的虚拟直径;The parameters in the formula can be measured against the standard ring gauge. L1 is the distance corresponding to the reference plane of the first dial gauge, D1 is the virtual diameter of the first dial gauge at the taper hole measurement point, and L2 is the corresponding reference plane of the second dial gauge D2 is the virtual diameter of the second dial indicator at the taper hole measurement point;

当测量的第一千分表数据为δ1,第二千分表数据为δ2,则说明被测产品锥角与标准环规锥角有出入,实测角度为α1=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1)+(δ1-δ2)/2(L2-L1)},可与标准环规锥度锥角α对比差值是否在允差范围内;如果超过允差范围,则需要根据δ1、δ2调整设备参数,依据设计公差适当调整二次加工。When the measured data of the first dial gauge is δ1 and the data of the second dial gauge is δ2, it means that the cone angle of the tested product is different from the cone angle of the standard ring gauge, and the measured angle is α1=2arctg{(D1-D2)/ 2(L2-L1)+(δ1-δ2)/2(L2-L1)}, which can be compared with the standard ring gauge taper angle α to see if the difference is within the tolerance range; if it exceeds the tolerance range, it needs to be based on δ1 , δ2 to adjust the equipment parameters, and adjust the secondary processing appropriately according to the design tolerance.

较现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1、本发明提供的大直径内锥孔产品生产过程中测量表规及快速测量方法,降低了劳动强度,提高了生产效率。1. The measuring gauge and rapid measuring method in the production process of large-diameter inner tapered hole products provided by the present invention reduce labor intensity and improve production efficiency.

2、本发明提供的大直径内锥孔产品生产过程中测量表规及快速测量方法,改变了传统塞规一对一检测模式,达到了一表(规)多用的效果,同时也减少了塞规的生产数量而降低了生产成本。2. The measuring gauge and fast measuring method in the production process of the large-diameter inner tapered hole product provided by the present invention have changed the traditional one-to-one detection mode of plug gauges, achieved the effect of one gauge (gauge) with multiple uses, and also reduced the number of plug gauges. The standard production quantity reduces the production cost.

3、本发明提供的大直径内锥孔产品生产过程中测量表规及快速测量方法,可以达到产品在磨削过程中随时随地检测,大大降低了由于磨削量偏差而产生废品的概率。3. The measuring gauge and rapid measuring method in the production process of the large-diameter inner tapered hole product provided by the present invention can detect the product anytime and anywhere during the grinding process, and greatly reduce the probability of rejects due to the deviation of the grinding amount.

4、本发明提供的大直径内锥孔产品生产过程中测量表规及快速测量方法,通过本发明可精确测量工件尺寸,提高测量精度,实现准确补偿。4. The measuring gauge and rapid measuring method provided by the present invention in the production process of the large-diameter inner tapered hole product can accurately measure the size of the workpiece through the present invention, improve the measurement accuracy, and realize accurate compensation.

综上,应用本发明的技术方案能够解决现有技术具有唯一性,一种塞规只能检测一种锥孔规格的产品,甚至对超过被检测锥孔1mm的产品也无法使用,只能重新设计生产量规;可操作性较差,对于锥孔尺寸较大的塞规,量具自身重量亦较大甚至可达几十公斤,操作及其不便;测量精度较低,传统塞规检测时无法直接检测出锥孔角度,需人为判断塞规与被测产品内锥孔的接触面接间接得出结论的问题。In summary, the application of the technical solution of the present invention can solve the uniqueness of the existing technology. A plug gauge can only detect products with a tapered hole specification, and even products that exceed the tapered hole 1mm to be tested cannot be used. Design and manufacture gauges; the operability is poor. For plug gauges with large tapered holes, the weight of the gauge itself is also large or even tens of kilograms, which is extremely inconvenient to operate; the measurement accuracy is low, and traditional plug gauges cannot be directly tested. To detect the taper hole angle, it is necessary to manually judge the contact surface between the plug gauge and the inner taper hole of the product under test to draw a conclusion indirectly.

基于上述理由本发明可在大直径内锥孔测量等领域广泛推广。Based on the above reasons, the present invention can be widely promoted in fields such as the measurement of large-diameter inner taper holes.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做以简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

图1为传统塞规测量简易图,其中(a)为正视图,(b)为立体图。Figure 1 is a simple diagram of traditional plug gauge measurement, where (a) is a front view, and (b) is a perspective view.

图2为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

图3为本发明的局部结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the present invention.

图4为本发明为被测工件(机车牵引齿轮)的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a structural schematic view of the invention being a measured workpiece (locomotive traction gear).

图5为本发明校对表规的示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the calibration gauge of the present invention.

图6为本发明产品测量的示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of product measurement of the present invention.

图中:1、横梁;2、定位调整杆;3、表座调整杆;4、第一千分表;5、第二千分表;6、定位螺栓;7、固定螺栓;8、测量表规;9、标准环规;10、被测产品。In the figure: 1. Beam; 2. Positioning adjustment rod; 3. Table seat adjustment rod; 4. The first dial gauge; 5. The second dial gauge; 6. Positioning bolt; 7. Fixing bolt; 8. Measuring gauge 9. Standard ring gauge; 10. The product under test.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的,决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and in no way taken as limiting the invention, its application or uses. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。It should be noted that the terminology used here is only for describing specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they mean There are features, steps, operations, means, components and/or combinations thereof.

除非另外具体说明,否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。同时,应当清楚,为了便于描述,附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员己知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论,但在适当情况下,所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中,任向具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的,而不是作为限制。因此,示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到:相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项,因此,一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义,则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。The relative arrangements of components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. At the same time, it should be clear that, for the convenience of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the authorized description. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as exemplary only, and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiment may have different values. It should be noted that like numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further discussion in subsequent figures.

在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,方位词如“前、后、上、下、左、右”、“横向、竖向、垂直、水平”和“顶、底”等所指示的方位或位置关系通常是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,在未作相反说明的情况下,这些方位词并不指示和暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制:方位词“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内外。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that orientation words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" etc. indicate the orientation Or positional relationship is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. In the absence of a contrary description, these orientation words do not indicate or imply the device or element referred to. It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention: the orientation words "inside and outside" refer to inside and outside relative to the outline of each part itself.

为了便于描述,在这里可以使用空间相对术语,如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等,用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是,空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如,如果附图中的器件被倒置,则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其位器件或构造之下”。因而,示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位),并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。For the convenience of description, spatially relative terms may be used here, such as "on ...", "over ...", "on the surface of ...", "above", etc., to describe the The spatial positional relationship between one device or feature shown and other devices or features. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "above" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "beneath" or "above" the other devices or configurations. its underlying device or construction". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can encompass both an orientation of "above" and "beneath". The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptions used herein interpreted accordingly.

此外,需要说明的是,使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件,仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别,如没有另行声明,上述词语并没有特殊含义,因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。In addition, it should be noted that the use of words such as "first" and "second" to define components is only for the convenience of distinguishing corresponding components. To limit the protection scope of the present invention.

本发明主要由两大结构构成,即起支撑固定结构的整体表规(分别为:横梁1、定位调整杆2、表座调整杆3),另一结构是千分表(第一千分表4、第二千分表5),如图2-3所示。具体地,定位调整杆的基座通过固定螺栓安装在横梁的一侧,表座调整杆通过固定螺栓安装在横梁的另一侧,通过固定螺栓的松紧,可以调整定位调整杆和表座调整杆在横梁上的位置。定位调整杆和表座调整杆的基座均可以采用上下夹块,上下夹块通过固定螺栓夹持在横梁上。第一千分表和第二千分表间隔连接在表座调整杆上,第一千分表在上,第二千分表在下。The present invention is mainly made up of two big structures, namely the overall gauge of support fixed structure (respectively: crossbeam 1, positioning adjustment rod 2, table seat adjustment rod 3), another structure is dial gauge (the first dial gauge 4. The second dial gauge 5), as shown in Figure 2-3. Specifically, the base of the positioning adjustment rod is installed on one side of the crossbeam through a fixing bolt, and the table base adjustment rod is installed on the other side of the crossbeam through a fixing bolt, and the positioning adjustment rod and the table base adjustment rod can be adjusted through the tightness of the fixing bolt. position on the beam. Both the bases of the positioning adjustment rod and the table seat adjustment rod can adopt upper and lower clamping blocks, and the upper and lower clamping blocks are clamped on the crossbeam by fixing bolts. The first dial gauge and the second dial gauge are connected at intervals on the watch seat adjustment rod, the first dial gauge is on the top, and the second dial gauge is on the bottom.

测量前需用标准环规对表规进行校对调零操作,测量时观察千分表数据对零。并结合两点成一线的原理和三角函数计算出锥孔与标准环规的锥度差,标准环规锥度锥角α=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1)}。L1为表1对应基准面的距离,D1为表1在锥孔测量点的虚拟直径,同理,L2为表2对应基准面的距离,D2为表2在锥孔测量点的虚拟直径,基准面为内孔上端面。通过本发明示意图2-3,可以发现只要在结构上略微调整,本发明不但可以测量锥孔,而且对直孔、外圆、外锥面也适合。Before the measurement, it is necessary to use the standard ring gauge to calibrate and zero the gauge, and observe the dial indicator data to zero during the measurement. Combined with the principle of two points forming a line and trigonometric functions, the taper difference between the tapered hole and the standard ring gauge is calculated, and the taper angle of the standard ring gauge is α=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1)}. L1 is the distance corresponding to the reference plane in Table 1, and D1 is the virtual diameter of the measuring point of the taper hole in Table 1. Similarly, L2 is the distance corresponding to the reference plane in Table 2, and D2 is the virtual diameter of the measuring point of the taper hole in Table 2. The surface is the upper end surface of the inner hole. Through the schematic diagrams 2-3 of the present invention, it can be found that as long as the structure is slightly adjusted, the present invention can not only measure tapered holes, but also be suitable for straight holes, outer circles, and outer tapered surfaces.

本发明方案简化了检测流程、提高了检测精度,实现了量具的通用性和良好的操作性,可有效节约企业的量具生产成本,直接监控产品质量。The solution of the invention simplifies the detection process, improves the detection accuracy, realizes the universality and good operability of the measuring tool, can effectively save the production cost of the measuring tool of the enterprise, and directly monitors the product quality.

本发明可解决以下技术问题:The present invention can solve the following technical problems:

(1)改变传统塞规一对一的检测模式,达到了一表(规)多用柔性化量具的应用效果(图2示意图中可调整定位调整杆2和表座调整杆3之间的距离来测量不同锥孔的尺寸)。(1) Change the one-to-one detection mode of the traditional plug gauge, and achieve the application effect of one meter (gauge) multi-purpose flexible measuring tool (the distance between the positioning adjustment rod 2 and the meter seat adjustment rod 3 can be adjusted in the schematic diagram of Figure 2 Measure the size of different tapered holes).

(2)提高可操作性,表规实现轻量化设计,便于操作。表规自身重量0.5公斤左右,传统塞规则几十公斤。新设计方案既降低劳动强度,又提高操作效率,改变了原来只能线下抽检的弊端,表规可以实现在线上随时随地检查,更有利于操作过程中随时调整设备修正加工的锥孔尺寸。这种检测方法适用于大批量生产高精度锥孔产品,包括快速切换产品生产(线上:产品未下操作设备;线下:产品已下操作设备)。(2) To improve operability, the watch gauge realizes lightweight design and is easy to operate. The watch gauge itself weighs about 0.5 kilograms, while the traditional plug rules tens of kilograms. The new design not only reduces the labor intensity, but also improves the operation efficiency. It has changed the disadvantages of offline random inspection. The gauge can be checked online anytime and anywhere, which is more conducive to adjusting the tapered hole size of the machine at any time during the operation process. This detection method is suitable for mass production of high-precision tapered hole products, including rapid switching of product production (online: the product has not been placed in the operating equipment; offline: the product has been placed in the operating equipment).

(3)提高检测精度,由于表规测量基准固定,不存在人为的主观操作因素,所以能够直接精准测量锥孔直径变化值,提高锥度检测精度。(3) Improving the detection accuracy. Since the measuring standard of the gauge is fixed and there is no artificial subjective operation factor, it can directly and accurately measure the change value of the diameter of the taper hole and improve the detection accuracy of the taper.

(4)制定合理实用的‘检测方法’,力求以最简捷、最方便的操作方法,直接测量孔加工锥度的变化值,彻底解决检测效率低、测量精度差的问题。(4) Formulate a reasonable and practical 'detection method', and strive to directly measure the change value of the hole machining taper with the simplest and most convenient operation method, so as to completely solve the problems of low detection efficiency and poor measurement accuracy.

具体实施例specific embodiment

1、表规量具:1. Measuring tools:

(1)横梁1(图2中标号1所示),起到连接固定整体表规结构的作用。(1) The beam 1 (shown by the number 1 in Fig. 2 ) plays the role of connecting and fixing the overall gauge structure.

(2)定位调整杆2(图2中标号2所示),下方连接一个定位螺栓6,定位螺栓前端必须是规则标准圆头体,其作用是保证与内孔接触是点接触,该螺栓在测量时以内锥孔为基准定位整体表规。(2) The positioning adjustment rod 2 (shown by the number 2 in Fig. 2) is connected with a positioning bolt 6 below. When measuring, use the inner tapered hole as the reference to locate the overall gauge.

(3)表座调整杆3(图2中标号3所示),用于固定千分表,此调整杆上的两个千分表是整个表规的关键所在,测量时定位调整杆与表座调整杆的两个基座面必须光滑平整,还要保证两个基座平面与横梁高度一致,这一高度可根据实际产品而定。(3) Adjustment rod 3 (marked 3 in Figure 2) is used to fix the dial indicator. The two dial indicators on this adjustment rod are the key points of the entire gauge. The two base surfaces of the seat adjustment rod must be smooth and flat, and it must be ensured that the two base planes are at the same height as the beam, which can be determined according to the actual product.

2、测量方法及修正原理:2. Measurement method and correction principle:

(1)测量前,需用标准环规对表规进行校对调零操作,如图5所示。将表规放入标准环规内,根据标准环规内孔尺寸调整定位调整杆和表座调整杆之间的适当距离,拧紧固定螺栓7。(1) Before the measurement, it is necessary to use the standard ring gauge to check and zero the gauge, as shown in Figure 5. Put the watch gauge into the standard ring gauge, adjust the proper distance between the positioning adjustment rod and the watch seat adjustment rod according to the inner hole size of the standard ring gauge, and tighten the fixing bolt 7.

(2)以定位螺栓卡住环规内孔,摆动横梁,如图2-3中所示,调整千分表在最大直径的位置为零点。(2) Clamp the inner hole of the ring gauge with the positioning bolt, swing the beam, as shown in Figure 2-3, and adjust the dial indicator to zero at the position of the maximum diameter.

(3)测量产品时,按(2)步同样操作,观察并记录两个千分表数据,如果数据为零,则说明产品与标准环规尺寸一致。如果两个千分表数据不为零,则需要利用校对参数原理,根据数据换算成角度进行对比调整设备,进一步修正锥孔尺寸。(3) When measuring the product, follow the same operation as step (2), observe and record the data of the two dial gauges, if the data is zero, it means that the size of the product is consistent with the standard ring gauge. If the data of the two dial gauges is not zero, it is necessary to use the principle of calibration parameters to compare and adjust the equipment according to the conversion of the data into angles to further correct the size of the tapered hole.

校对参数原理:利用两点成一线原理以及三角函数计算出标准环规锥度锥角α=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1)}。式中参数可对照标准环规计量值。当测量千分表1数据为δ1,表2数据为δ2,则说明被测产品锥角与标准环规锥角有出入,实测角度α1=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1)+(δ1-δ2)/2(L2-L1)},可与标准锥角α对比差值是否在允差范围。如果超差,则需要根据δ1、δ2调整设备参数,依据设计公差适当调整二次加工。The principle of proofreading parameters: use the principle of two points forming a line and trigonometric functions to calculate the taper angle of the standard ring gauge α=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1)}. The parameters in the formula can be measured against the standard ring gauge. When the data of dial gauge 1 is δ1 and the data of table 2 is δ2, it means that the cone angle of the tested product is different from the cone angle of the standard ring gauge, and the measured angle α1=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1) +(δ1-δ2)/2(L2-L1)}, it can be compared with the standard cone angle α to see if the difference is within the tolerance range. If it is out of tolerance, it is necessary to adjust the equipment parameters according to δ1 and δ2, and adjust the secondary processing appropriately according to the design tolerance.

3、实例测量及操作过程:3. Example measurement and operation process:

被测工件为机车牵引齿轮(如图4所示),基本参数为:The workpiece to be tested is a locomotive traction gear (as shown in Figure 4), and the basic parameters are:

内孔锥度:1:50。Inner hole taper: 1:50.

内锥孔大端尺寸:

Figure BDA0003810009250000091
Large end size of inner tapered hole:
Figure BDA0003810009250000091

(1)利用标准环规9(标准环规需要经过计量合格后才能投入使用)校对表规,使千分表指针对零。如图5所示。(1) Use the standard ring gauge 9 (the standard ring gauge must pass the measurement before it can be put into use) to calibrate the gauge, so that the pointer of the dial indicator is zero. As shown in Figure 5.

(2)将校对好的测量表规8放入被测产品10内锥孔内进行测量。记录测量数值,千分表归零,即与操作(1)中读值一样,则合格,如图6所示。(2) Put the calibrated measuring gauge 8 into the tapered hole of the product under test 10 for measurement. Record the measured value and reset the dial indicator to zero, that is, the same as the reading in operation (1), then it is qualified, as shown in Figure 6.

(3)当操作(2)中的千分表读值不归零,其值与操作(1)中的读值的差值既是需要加工调整值。(3) When the reading value of the dial indicator in operation (2) does not return to zero, the difference between its value and the reading value in operation (1) is the value that needs to be processed and adjusted.

本发明具有以下有益效果:(1)降低了劳动强度,提高了生产效率。(2)改变了传统塞规一对一检测模式,达到了一表(规)多用的效果,同时也减少了塞规的生产数量而降低了生产成本。(3)可以达到产品在磨削过程中随时随地检测,大大降低了由于磨削量偏差而产生废品的概率。(4)通过本发明可精确测量工件尺寸,提高测量精度,实现准确补偿。The invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The labor intensity is reduced and the production efficiency is improved. (2) The traditional one-to-one detection mode of plug gauges has been changed, and the effect of one meter (gauge) with multiple uses has been achieved. At the same time, the production quantity of plug gauges has been reduced and the production cost has been reduced. (3) The product can be detected anytime and anywhere during the grinding process, which greatly reduces the probability of waste products due to the deviation of the grinding amount. (4) The size of the workpiece can be accurately measured through the present invention, the measurement accuracy can be improved, and accurate compensation can be realized.

本发明的技术关键点在于:Key technical points of the present invention are:

(1)以实现一表(规)多用。(1) To realize one table (regulation) with multiple uses.

(2)两个千分表,可以更精准的测量与标准环规的差值。(2) Two dial indicators can measure the difference with the standard ring gauge more accurately.

(3)降低人为操作误差,精度高,误差小。(3) Reduce human operation error, high precision and small error.

(4)操作方便,可以实现在线测量,数据可读,精准校正设备参数。(4) Easy to operate, can realize online measurement, readable data, and accurately correct equipment parameters.

本发明的保护点:Protection point of the present invention:

(1)设计柔性化表规量具,制定高效检测方法,两者相互配合开发出一种大直径深锥孔加工的检测技术方案(1) Design flexible gauges and gauges, formulate efficient detection methods, and cooperate with each other to develop a detection technology solution for large-diameter deep taper hole processing

(2)两个千分表校准,两点成一线原理。(2) Two dial gauges are calibrated, and the principle of two points forming a line.

(3)测量表规由定位调整杆与表座调整杆和千分表组成。(3) The measuring gauge is composed of a positioning adjustment rod, a table base adjustment rod and a dial gauge.

(4)内孔锥度的测量方法,通过千分表测量两个位置的尺寸位置,计算内孔锥度。(4) The method of measuring the taper of the inner hole is to measure the size and position of the two positions by a dial gauge, and calculate the taper of the inner hole.

(5)千分表测量值与千分表到基座面距离换算锥角:α=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1)}。(5) Cone angle converted from the measured value of the dial gauge and the distance from the dial gauge to the base surface: α=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1)}.

最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention. scope.

Claims (10)

1. A gauge for measuring the production process of a large-diameter inner taper hole product is characterized by comprising the following steps: the upper part of the positioning structure is arranged on one side of the supporting structure, and the lower part of the positioning structure is in contact with the inner wall of one side of an inner hole of a workpiece to be measured during measurement; the upper portion of gauge stand adjustment structure is installed at the bearing structure opposite side, and two amesdials are installed to the lower part, and two amesdials contact with the opposite side inner wall of the hole of the work piece that is surveyed when measuring.
2. The gauge for measuring the production process of the large-diameter inner taper hole product, according to claim 1, wherein the supporting structure adopts a cross beam.
3. The gauge in the production process of the large-diameter inner taper hole product, according to claim 2, characterized in that the positioning structure comprises a first base and a positioning adjusting rod, the first base is mounted on the cross beam and can move on the cross beam, and the first base is in contact with the upper end face of one side of the inner hole during measurement; the lower extreme at first base is connected to the location adjusting lever, and the sub-unit connection of location adjusting lever has positioning bolt, and positioning bolt contacts with the one side inner wall of the hole of the work piece that is surveyed when measuring.
4. The gauge in the production process of the large-diameter inner taper hole product as claimed in claim 3, wherein the front end of the positioning bolt is a round head body, and point contact is formed between the round head body and the inner wall of the inner taper hole.
5. The gauge for measuring the large-diameter inner taper hole product in the production process according to claim 2, wherein the gauge stand adjusting structure comprises a second base and a gauge stand adjusting rod, the second base is mounted on the cross beam and can move on the cross beam, and the second base is in contact with the upper end face of the other side of the inner hole during measurement; the gauge stand adjusting rod is connected to the lower end of the second base, and the two dial gauges are installed on the gauge stand adjusting rod at intervals up and down.
6. The gauge for measuring the production process of the large-diameter inner taper hole product according to claim 3, wherein the first base is connected with the cross beam through a fixing bolt, and the bottom surface of the first base, which is in contact with the cross beam, is smooth and flat.
7. The gauge in the production process of the large-diameter inner taper hole product, according to claim 5, characterized in that the second base is connected with the cross beam through a fixing bolt, and the bottom surface of the second base, which is in contact with the cross beam, is smooth and flat.
8. A method for rapidly measuring a large-diameter inner taper hole product in a production process, which is characterized in that the measuring gauge in the production process of the large-diameter inner taper hole product according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, and comprises the following steps:
s1, before measurement, a standard ring gauge is used for calibrating and zeroing the gauge:
s11, placing the gauge into a standard ring gauge, adjusting the proper distance between a positioning adjusting rod and a gauge stand adjusting rod according to the size of an inner hole of the standard ring gauge, and screwing a fixing bolt;
s12, clamping an inner hole of the standard ring gauge by using a positioning bolt, swinging the cross beam, and adjusting the positions of the two dial gauges at the maximum diameter to be zero points;
s2, when a measured product is measured, the calibrated gauge is placed in an inner conical hole of the measured product to be measured, the inner conical hole is clamped by the positioning bolt, the cross beam is swung, the two dial gauges are adjusted to be in the maximum diameter position, and data of the two dial gauges are observed and recorded.
9. The method for rapidly measuring the large-diameter inner taper hole product in the production process according to claim 8, wherein in the step S2, if the data of the dial indicator is zero, the dimension of the measured product is consistent with that of a standard ring gauge; if the dial indicator data is not zero, the device is compared and adjusted according to the data conversion angle by using the correction parameter principle, and the size of the inner taper hole is further corrected.
10. The method for rapidly measuring the inner taper hole product with large diameter in the production process according to claim 9, wherein the principle of the calibration parameters is as follows: the taper angle of the standard ring gauge is calculated by utilizing the principle that two points form a line and a trigonometric function as follows:
α=2arctg{(D1-D2)/2(L2-L1)};
in the formula, the parameters can be compared with the metering value of a standard ring gauge, wherein L1 is the distance between the first dial indicator and the reference surface, D1 is the virtual diameter of the first dial indicator at the measuring point of the conical hole, L2 is the distance between the second dial indicator and the reference surface, and D2 is the virtual diameter of the second dial indicator at the measuring point of the conical hole;
when the measured data of the first dial indicator is delta 1 and the data of the second dial indicator is delta 2, the measured product cone angle is in or out of the cone angle of the standard ring gauge, and the measured angle is alpha 1=2arctg { (D1-D2)/2 (L2-L1) + (delta 1-delta 2)/2 (L2-L1) } and can be compared with the cone angle alpha of the standard ring gauge to determine whether the difference value is within a tolerance range;
if the tolerance range is exceeded, the equipment parameters are required to be adjusted according to delta 1 and delta 2, and the secondary machining is properly adjusted according to the design tolerance.
CN202211008889.9A 2022-08-22 2022-08-22 Measuring gauge and rapid measuring method in production process of large-diameter inner taper hole product Pending CN115371525A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116026211A (en) * 2023-03-30 2023-04-28 湖南中大创远数控装备有限公司 Precise geometric precision detection device and verticality and parallelism detection method
CN116045773A (en) * 2023-04-03 2023-05-02 湖南中大创远数控装备有限公司 Adjustable elastic ring gauge and method for measuring diameter of inscribed circle of roller bearing

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CN102109315A (en) * 2011-01-09 2011-06-29 无锡银联机械有限公司 Rapid detection tool for large taper hole
CN103206910A (en) * 2013-03-27 2013-07-17 中信重工机械股份有限公司 Device and method for measuring large-diameter deep taper hole
CN203964804U (en) * 2014-06-06 2014-11-26 重庆新兴齿轮有限公司 Taper hole detector
CN207936899U (en) * 2018-03-24 2018-10-02 濮阳职业技术学院 External taper measuring device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102109315A (en) * 2011-01-09 2011-06-29 无锡银联机械有限公司 Rapid detection tool for large taper hole
CN103206910A (en) * 2013-03-27 2013-07-17 中信重工机械股份有限公司 Device and method for measuring large-diameter deep taper hole
CN203964804U (en) * 2014-06-06 2014-11-26 重庆新兴齿轮有限公司 Taper hole detector
CN207936899U (en) * 2018-03-24 2018-10-02 濮阳职业技术学院 External taper measuring device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116026211A (en) * 2023-03-30 2023-04-28 湖南中大创远数控装备有限公司 Precise geometric precision detection device and verticality and parallelism detection method
CN116045773A (en) * 2023-04-03 2023-05-02 湖南中大创远数控装备有限公司 Adjustable elastic ring gauge and method for measuring diameter of inscribed circle of roller bearing

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