CN115371048A - Plasma furnace and method for jointly treating solid and liquid dangerous wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma furnace and a method for jointly treating solid and liquid hazardous wastes, relates to the field of hazardous waste treatment, and solves the problems of insufficient treatment range and treatment effect of the traditional plasma hazardous waste treatment technology; the liquid hazardous waste is sprayed into plasma flame from the bottom of the furnace body through the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve and enters the molten pool along with the plasma flame. The effects of realizing the oxidative decomposition of organic pollutants, finishing the solidification capture of inorganic pollutants and improving the application range and efficiency of the plasma hazardous waste disposal are achieved.

Description

Plasma furnace and method for jointly treating solid and liquid dangerous wastes

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of hazardous waste disposal, in particular to a plasma furnace and a method for jointly disposing solid and liquid hazardous wastes.

Background

The thermal plasma hazardous waste disposal has the advantages of high disposal rate, thorough hazardous substance disposal, high volume reduction rate and the like, and is becoming a hotspot technology in the field of hazardous waste disposal. The thermal plasma treatment process adopted is different for different hazardous waste species. For solid hazardous waste, the thermal plasma treatment generally adopts a plasma furnace as a reaction device and adopts the process route of 'gasifying and incinerating organic components and melting and vitrifying inorganic components'.

The existing plasma furnace generally has three defects, namely, the temperature distribution in the furnace is uneven, heavy metal in a high-temperature region is easy to volatilize, solid waste in a low-temperature region is not easy to melt, the solid waste is easy to float on the surface of a molten pool after entering the furnace, harmful substances are not in contact with the molten pool, and the bottom of the molten pool is easy to cause excessive solidification of slag due to heat dissipation to block a slag outlet.

For liquid hazardous waste, especially liquid organic hazardous waste, the thermal plasma treatment generally adopts a method of injecting the liquid organic hazardous waste into thermal plasma flow, and utilizes the characteristic that the plasma can break molecular bonds of the organic hazardous waste to rapidly oxidize and decompose the organic hazardous waste into inorganic gaseous micromolecules. The method has a good effect of removing organic pollutants, but has a poor effect of treating liquid hazardous wastes containing harmful substances such as heavy metals and radioactive elements.

The difference of different kinds of hazardous wastes in the thermal plasma treatment process causes that the adoption of a universal thermal plasma treatment process is difficult to realize, and the better treatment effect can be realized on various kinds of hazardous wastes. The plasma hazardous waste disposal technology is expected to realize the combined disposal of solid and liquid hazardous wastes by respectively arranging feeding ports of the solid and liquid hazardous wastes at the top of the plasma hazardous waste disposal equipment or by mixing the solid and liquid hazardous wastes, but the effect is not ideal;

firstly, after the liquid hazardous waste is fed from the top of the equipment, the liquid hazardous waste begins to volatilize in the falling process and escapes from a gas outlet, so that the liquid hazardous waste is not thoroughly treated; secondly, due to the instability of the thermal plasma and the temperature difference inside the thermal plasma treatment equipment, the plasma concentration, the temperature and the oxygen concentration of the liquid hazardous waste cannot meet the requirement of complete decomposition; thirdly, if the liquid hazardous waste contains heavy metals, the heavy metal components are difficult to enter a molten pool and are locked by the vitreous body; finally, because the plasma generating region of the technology is generally positioned above the molten pool, the heating efficiency of the plasma to the molten pool is low, which causes a series of problems of high energy consumption, uneven molten pool temperature, easy blockage of a slag outlet and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a plasma furnace for jointly treating solid and liquid hazardous wastes, which is used for solving the defects of the treatment range and the treatment effect of the plasma hazardous waste treatment technology, and provides the plasma treatment furnace and a use method thereof, which can efficiently and jointly treat the solid and liquid hazardous wastes, can realize the oxidative decomposition of organic pollutants and can complete the solidification and capture of inorganic pollutants, and improve the application range and efficiency of the plasma hazardous waste treatment.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a plasma furnace for combined treatment of solid and liquid hazardous wastes comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises an upper gas area and a lower molten pool, the gas area is communicated with a solid hazardous waste feed inlet and a gas outlet, the molten pool is communicated with a molten slag outlet,

the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a thermal plasma torch and a liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve, the thermal plasma torch generates plasma flame, the plasma flame upwards penetrates through the bottom of the furnace body to be sprayed into the molten pool, the molten pool is heated and stirred, and stable slag circulation is formed in the molten pool;

and the liquid hazardous waste is sprayed into plasma flame from the bottom of the furnace body through the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve and enters the molten pool along with the plasma flame.

Furthermore, the thermal plasma torch is positioned in the middle of the molten pool, and the circulating direction of the slag is upward in the middle of the molten pool and downward at the periphery of the molten pool.

Furthermore, the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve is externally connected with a thermal plasma torch, and plasma flame penetrates through the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve and then is sprayed from the bottom of the molten pool.

Furthermore, the inner wall of the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve is provided with a protective gas nozzle, a liquid hazardous waste nozzle and an oxidizing gas nozzle, while the bottom is provided with a protective gas inlet, a liquid hazardous waste inlet and an oxidizing gas inlet,

the protective gas inlet is communicated with the protective gas nozzle through a protective gas channel, the liquid dangerous waste inlet is communicated with the liquid dangerous waste nozzle through a liquid dangerous waste channel, and the oxidizing gas inlet is communicated with the oxidizing gas nozzle through an oxidizing gas channel.

Further, the protective gas is nitrogen or inert gas, and the oxidizing gas is pure oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air.

Still further, the thermal plasma torch can be dismantled and be connected in liquid useless feed sleeve of danger.

Further, the thermal plasma torch uses air, nitrogen, water vapor, oxygen, inert gas or a mixture thereof as a plasma working medium.

Furthermore, in the furnace body, the side wall and the bottom of the molten pool part are provided with water-cooled walls, and the inner walls of other parts are paved with heat-insulating refractory material layers.

Further, the slag outlet position is provided with a heating device for preventing the liquid slag in the vicinity thereof from condensing.

The invention also aims to provide a method for jointly treating solid and liquid dangerous wastes, which has the advantages of low energy consumption, thorough treatment of harmful components, high treatment speed, high heavy metal capture rate, stable molten pool and the like.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method of combined disposal of solid and liquid hazardous waste, comprising the steps of:

step 1: connecting the thermal plasma torch with a liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve;

step 2: feeding vitreous slag from a solid hazardous waste feeding hole, and accumulating the vitreous slag in a furnace body to form a material bed;

and step 3: opening a water-cooling switch of a furnace body water-cooling wall and a liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve, and opening a protective gas inlet of the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve;

and 4, step 4: opening a thermal plasma torch, spraying plasma flame into a furnace body, melting vitreous slag to form a vitreous molten pool, and forming a stable circular current with the middle part rising and the periphery falling under the continuous pushing of the plasma flame;

and 5: if solid hazardous waste is treated, the solid hazardous waste is thrown in from a solid hazardous waste feeding hole, falls into a molten pool and is involved in a molten pool circulation, organic components in the solid hazardous waste are decomposed into gaseous micromolecules at the high temperature of the molten pool, inorganic components in the solid hazardous waste are rapidly melted, and harmful components are locked by the molten pool;

and 6: if the liquid hazardous waste is treated, opening an oxidizing gas inlet and a liquid hazardous waste inlet, respectively spraying the oxidizing gas and the liquid hazardous waste into plasma flame from an oxidizing gas nozzle and a liquid hazardous waste nozzle, quickly oxidizing and decomposing organic components in the liquid hazardous waste in the plasma flame, and allowing inorganic components such as heavy metals in the liquid hazardous waste to enter a molten pool along with the plasma flame and be absorbed and locked by slag in the molten pool;

and 7: when the height of the liquid level of the molten pool reaches a set high level, stopping feeding, opening a slag outlet, discharging slag until the liquid level of the molten pool drops to a set low level, and then closing the slag outlet;

and 8: according to the type of the hazardous waste to be treated, the steps 5-7 are alternately carried out so as to realize continuous combined treatment of solid and liquid hazardous waste;

and step 9: after the treatment is finished, stopping feeding, closing an oxidizing gas inlet, gradually reducing the power of the thermal plasma torch, and emptying the slag;

step 10: and (4) closing the thermal plasma torch, closing a protective gas inlet, and naturally cooling the system.

The invention also aims to provide another method for jointly disposing solid and liquid dangerous wastes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: the thermal plasma torch is hermetically connected with the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve;

and 2, step: feeding vitreous body slag from a solid hazardous waste feed inlet, and accumulating the vitreous body slag in a furnace body to form a material bed;

and step 3: opening a water-cooling switch of a furnace body water-cooling wall and a liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve, and opening a protective gas inlet of the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve;

and 4, step 4: opening a thermal plasma torch, spraying plasma flame into a furnace body, melting vitreous slag to form a vitreous molten pool, and forming a stable circular current with the middle part rising and the periphery falling under the continuous pushing of the plasma flame;

and 5: solid hazardous waste is thrown from a solid hazardous waste feeding hole, falls into a molten pool and is involved into a molten pool circulating current, organic components in the solid hazardous waste are decomposed into gaseous micromolecules at the high temperature of the molten pool, inorganic components in the solid hazardous waste are rapidly melted, and harmful components are locked by the molten pool;

step 6: opening an oxidizing gas inlet and a liquid dangerous waste inlet, respectively spraying the oxidizing gas and the liquid dangerous waste into plasma flame from an oxidizing gas nozzle and a liquid dangerous waste nozzle, rapidly oxidizing and decomposing organic components in the liquid dangerous waste in the plasma flame, and allowing inorganic components such as heavy metals and the like in the liquid dangerous waste to enter a molten pool along with the plasma flame and be absorbed and locked by slag in the molten pool;

and 7: when the liquid level of the molten pool reaches a set value, feeding is kept, a slag outlet is opened, the outflow quantity of slag is controlled, the generation of liquid slag and the slag discharging quantity are kept in dynamic balance, and the liquid level of the slag in the furnace is kept stable, so that continuous feeding and slag discharging are realized;

and 8: after the treatment is finished, stopping feeding, closing an oxidizing gas inlet, gradually reducing the power of the thermal plasma torch, and emptying the slag;

and step 9: and (4) closing the thermal plasma torch, closing the protective gas inlet, and naturally cooling the system.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method can realize the high-efficiency harmless treatment of the solid hazardous waste and the liquid hazardous waste by adopting one set of equipment, and has a series of advantages of low energy consumption, thorough treatment of harmful components, high treatment speed, high heavy metal capture rate, stable molten pool and the like;

the comprehensive treatment of the liquid hazardous waste and the solid hazardous waste is realized by adopting one thermal plasma furnace, the device has simple structure, wide treatment objects, thorough treatment and no secondary pollution;

thermal plasma is sprayed from the bottom of the furnace body to drive the molten pool to form stable circulation, so that the exchange of substances and energy in the molten pool is promoted, the uniformity of components and temperature of the molten pool is realized, and the problems of local overheating of the molten pool, slag blockage of a slag outlet due to cooling of molten pool bottom and the like are avoided;

the circulation in the pool is used for winding the solid dangerous waste entering the furnace into the deep part of the molten pool by the circulation in the molten pool, and the solid dangerous waste is melted in the deep part of the molten pool, so that the solid dangerous waste is fully contacted with liquid slag in the molten pool, the melting of the solid dangerous waste is accelerated, and the locking of harmful components by the molten pool is promoted;

the liquid hazardous waste is thoroughly treated, organic harmful components in the liquid hazardous waste are rapidly oxidized and decomposed in plasma flame, residual components enter a molten pool for further reaction, and harmful substances such as heavy metals and radioactive components are absorbed and locked by the molten pool, so that secondary pollution is avoided;

the treatment object and the treatment mode of the thermal plasma furnace can be flexibly adjusted in real time according to needs, and the machine does not need to be stopped in the adjustment process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a thermal plasma furnace for jointly treating solid and liquid hazardous wastes provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the connection part of the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve and the furnace body in the invention.

In the figure, 1, the molten pool; 2. a plasma flame; 3. circulating the molten slag; 4. a solid hazardous waste feed inlet; 5. a liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve; 6. a gas zone; 7. a gas outlet; 8. a slag outlet; 9. a thermal plasma torch; 10. a water-cooled wall; 11. a heat insulating refractory material layer; 12. a shielding gas nozzle; 13. a liquid hazardous waste nozzle; 14. an oxidizing gas jet; 15. a shielding gas inlet; 16. a shielding gas channel; 17. a liquid hazardous waste inlet; 18. an oxidizing gas inlet; 19. a liquid hazardous waste channel; 20. an oxidizing gas channel; 21. a plasma outlet; 22. a self-sealing device; 23. and a slag wall-hanging layer.

Detailed Description

The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings, and the present embodiment is not to be construed as limiting the invention.

A plasma furnace for combined disposal of solid and liquid hazardous waste, as shown in figure 1, comprises a furnace body, wherein the interior of the furnace body comprises an upper gas zone 6 and a lower molten pool 1; the gas area 6 is communicated with the solid hazardous waste feed inlet 4 and the gas outlet 7; the molten pool 1 consists of liquid slag, and the bottom of the molten pool is communicated with a slag outlet 8.

As shown in fig. 1, a thermal plasma torch 9 and a liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5 are arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, the thermal plasma torch 9 generates a plasma flame 2, and the plasma flame 2 upwards penetrates through the bottom of the furnace body and the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5 and is sprayed into the furnace body to heat and stir a molten pool 1 so as to form a stable slag circulation 3 in the molten pool 1;

the thermal plasma torch 9 is positioned in the middle of the molten pool 1, the high-speed plasma flame 2 upwards drives the liquid slag in the middle of the molten pool 1 to rise, and then stable slag circulation 3 is formed in the molten pool 1, so that the direction of the slag circulation 3 is upward in the middle of the molten pool 1 and downward around the molten pool 1.

As shown in fig. 1, specifically, the solid hazardous waste feed inlet 4 is positioned at the top of the furnace body, the liquid hazardous waste feed sleeve 5 is positioned at the bottom of the furnace body, and the plasma flame 2 generated by the thermal plasma torch 9 is injected from the bottom of the molten pool 1 through the liquid hazardous waste feed sleeve 5; the gas outlet 7 is located above the side wall of the furnace body and the slag outlet 8 is located on the side wall of the furnace body near the bottom of the molten bath 1.

As shown in fig. 2, the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5 is externally connected with a thermal plasma torch 9, and plasma flames 2 penetrate through the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5 and are then sprayed into the molten pool 1 from the bottom; the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5 is of a hollow structure and made of metal materials and is cooled by water; the central authorities of furnace body bottom open and have and liquid useless feeding cover 5 external diameter assorted holes of danger, and liquid useless feeding cover 5 of danger stretches into in the hole and fixes at furnace body bottom central authorities, and the useless feeding cover of liquid danger 5 keeps sealed with the furnace body junction.

As shown in fig. 2, the inner wall of the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5 is provided with a shielding gas nozzle 12, a liquid hazardous waste nozzle 13 and an oxidizing gas nozzle 14, while the bottom is provided with a shielding gas inlet 15, a liquid hazardous waste inlet 17 and an oxidizing gas inlet 18,

a protective gas channel 16 is communicated between the protective gas inlet 15 and the protective gas nozzle 12, a liquid dangerous waste channel 19 is communicated between the liquid dangerous waste inlet 17 and the liquid dangerous waste nozzle 13, and an oxidizing gas channel 20 is communicated between the oxidizing gas inlet 18 and the oxidizing gas nozzle 14;

the protective gas is used for preventing the high-temperature plasma flame 2 from ablating the liquid dangerous waste feeding sleeve 5, is nitrogen or inert gas, enters the liquid dangerous waste feeding sleeve 5 from the protective gas inlet 15, passes through the protective gas channel 16 and is sprayed into the plasma flame 2 from the protective gas nozzle 12;

the oxidizing gas is pure oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air, and the liquid-state hazardous waste is decomposed under the environment of high temperature and high free radical of the plasma flame 2 after being sprayed out from the liquid-state hazardous waste nozzle 13 and reacts with the oxidizing gas to generate harmless gas micromolecules;

the flow of the shielding gas, the liquid hazardous waste and the oxidizing gas can be adjusted by an external control system.

As shown in fig. 2, the thermal plasma torch 9 and the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5 can be connected in a sealing manner, and can be conveniently assembled and disassembled through the sealing connection, so that the thermal plasma torch 9 can be detachably connected to the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5;

the installation position of the thermal plasma torch 9 is coaxial with the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5, and a plasma outlet 21 at the upper end of the thermal plasma torch 9 is positioned at the axis; the useless feed collar 5 of liquid danger can also set up self-sealing device 22 with the interface position of hot plasma torch 9, when hot plasma torch 9 because the maintenance is changed the scheduling reason and is lifted off the back, can realize airtight sealing to the opening in the middle of the useless feed collar 5 of liquid danger, it also can be directly lift off the back at hot plasma torch 9, through the opening position of sealing lid etc. device direct mount seal in the middle of useless feed collar 5 of liquid danger.

As shown in fig. 1, the thermal plasma torch 9 uses air, nitrogen, water vapor, oxygen, inert gas or a mixture thereof as a plasma working substance (air is used in the present embodiment); in the furnace body, the side wall and the bottom of part of the molten pool 1 are provided with water-cooled walls 10, and the inner walls of other parts are paved with heat-insulating refractory material layers 11;

in the operation process, a stable slag wall layer 23 is formed between the molten pool 1 and the water wall 10, so that the heat-insulating refractory material layer 11 and the water wall 10 can be protected; the heating device near the slag outlet 8 prevents liquid slag near the slag outlet 8 from condensing to block the slag outlet 8.

As shown in fig. 1, after being fed through a solid hazardous waste feed inlet 4, the solid hazardous waste falls into a molten pool 1 and is drawn into the deep part of the molten pool 1 by a slag circulation 3, and under the stirring of the slag circulation 3, the solid hazardous waste is fully contacted with high-temperature liquid slag in the molten pool 1, so that the melting and decomposition of the solid hazardous waste are accelerated, and meanwhile, the locking of harmful components in the solid hazardous waste by the molten pool 1 is promoted (because the melting and decomposition of the solid hazardous waste are carried out in the deep part of the molten pool 1, the harmful components such as heavy metals and radioactive elements contained in the solid hazardous waste are more easily locked and absorbed by the molten pool 1);

the liquid hazardous waste is sprayed into the plasma flame 2 from the bottom of the furnace body through the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5 and enters the molten pool 1 along with the plasma flame 2; meanwhile, oxidizing gas can be sprayed into the plasma flame 2 from the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5, organic harmful ingredients in the liquid hazardous waste are quickly oxidized and decomposed by the high-temperature and high-concentration active groups of the plasma flame 2 under the environment of high temperature, high oxidation and high concentration active groups of the plasma flame 2, the decomposed ingredients are injected into the molten pool 1 along with the plasma flame 2, the decomposed products of the liquid hazardous waste are fully contacted with the molten pool 1, inorganic harmful ingredients such as heavy metals and radioactive ingredients in the liquid hazardous waste are promoted to be captured by the molten pool 1, and meanwhile, the high-temperature environment in the molten pool 1 also provides more high-temperature reaction time for the complete oxidative decomposition of the liquid hazardous waste, so that the quick harmless treatment of the liquid hazardous waste is realized, and the secondary generation of harmful substances is avoided, gaseous small molecules generated by the decomposition of the liquid hazardous waste pass through the molten pool 1 in the form of bubbles, enter the gas zone 6 and are finally discharged from the gas outlet 7;

gas generated by decomposing the solid hazardous waste and the liquid hazardous waste overflows from the molten pool 1 under the action of buoyancy, enters a gas area 6 above the molten pool 1, is finally discharged from a gas outlet 7, and liquid slag is discharged from a slag outlet 8.

Example 1: solid-state danger is useless and liquid state danger is useless to intermittent type nature processing, and the sediment is arranged to the intermittent type:

the method for intermittently treating solid-state dangerous waste and liquid-state dangerous waste by adopting the thermal plasma furnace comprises the following steps:

step 1: the thermal plasma torch 9 is hermetically connected with the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5;

and 2, step: feeding vitreous body slag from the solid dangerous waste feed inlet 4, and accumulating the vitreous body slag in the furnace body to form a material bed;

and step 3: opening a water-cooling switch of the furnace body water-cooling wall 10 and the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5, and opening a protective gas inlet 15 of the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5;

and 4, step 4: opening the thermal plasma torch 9, spraying the plasma flame 2 into the furnace body, melting the vitreous slag to form a vitreous molten pool 1, forming a stable circulating current with the middle part rising and the periphery falling under the continuous pushing of the plasma flame 2 in the molten pool 1, and adjusting the power of the thermal plasma torch 9 to keep the temperature of the molten pool 1 at 1500 ℃;

and 5: if solid hazardous waste is treated, the solid hazardous waste is thrown in from a solid hazardous waste feeding hole 4, falls into the molten pool 1 and is involved in the circulating flow of the molten pool 1, organic components in the solid hazardous waste are decomposed into gaseous micromolecules at the high temperature of the molten pool 1, inorganic components in the solid hazardous waste are rapidly melted, and harmful components are locked by the molten pool 1;

and 6: if the liquid dangerous waste is treated, opening an oxidizing gas inlet 18 and a liquid dangerous waste inlet 17, respectively injecting the oxidizing gas and the liquid dangerous waste into the plasma flame 2 from an oxidizing gas nozzle 14 and a liquid dangerous waste nozzle 13, rapidly oxidizing and decomposing organic components in the liquid dangerous waste in the plasma flame 2, and allowing inorganic components such as heavy metals and the like in the liquid dangerous waste to enter the molten pool 1 along with the plasma flame 2 and be absorbed and locked by slag in the molten pool 1;

and 7: when the height of the liquid level of the molten pool 1 reaches a set high material level, stopping feeding, opening a slag outlet 8, discharging slag until the liquid level of the molten pool 1 drops to a set low material level, and then closing the slag outlet 8;

and 8: according to the type of the hazardous waste to be treated, the steps 5-7 are alternately carried out so as to realize continuous combined treatment of solid and liquid hazardous waste;

and step 9: after the treatment is finished, stopping feeding, closing the oxidizing gas inlet 18, gradually reducing the power of the thermal plasma torch 9, and emptying the slag;

step 10: the thermal plasma torch 9 is closed, the shielding gas inlet 15 is closed, and the system is naturally cooled.

In order to ensure the locking effect of the vitreous body slag on harmful substances such as heavy metals, radioactive substances and the like, when the silicon content of the hazardous waste is low in the hazardous waste treatment process, a material (such as glass or vitreous body slag) with high silicon content can be fed through the solid hazardous waste feeding port 4 in the feeding process so as to ensure the silicon content in the molten pool 1.

When the silicon content of the dangerous waste is low, a material with high silicon content, such as glass or vitreous slag, can be fed into the furnace from a solid dangerous waste feeding port in the feeding process so as to ensure the silicon content in the molten pool 1.

Example 2: this embodiment has substantially the same principle as embodiment 1,

the difference lies in this embodiment and adopts this thermal plasma stove to handle when carrying out solid-state danger useless and liquid state danger is useless, arranges the sediment in succession, includes following step:

step 1: the thermal plasma torch 9 is hermetically connected with the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5;

step 2: feeding vitreous body slag from the solid dangerous waste feed inlet 4, and accumulating the vitreous body slag in the furnace body to form a material bed;

and step 3: opening a water-cooling switch of the furnace body water-cooling wall 10 and the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5, and opening a protective gas inlet 15 of the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve 5;

and 4, step 4: opening the thermal plasma torch 9, spraying the plasma flame 2 into the furnace body, melting the vitreous slag to form a vitreous molten pool 1, forming a stable circulating current with the middle part rising and the periphery falling under the continuous pushing of the plasma flame 2 in the molten pool 1, and adjusting the power of the thermal plasma torch 9 to keep the temperature of the molten pool 1 at 1550 ℃;

and 5: solid hazardous waste is fed from a solid hazardous waste feeding hole 4, falls into the molten pool 1 and is involved in the circulating current of the molten pool 1, organic components in the solid hazardous waste are decomposed into gaseous micromolecules at the high temperature of the molten pool 1, inorganic components in the solid hazardous waste are rapidly melted, and harmful components are locked by the molten pool 1;

and 6: opening an oxidizing gas inlet 18 and a liquid dangerous waste inlet 17, respectively injecting oxidizing gas and liquid dangerous waste into the plasma flame 2 from an oxidizing gas nozzle 14 and a liquid dangerous waste nozzle 13, rapidly oxidizing and decomposing organic components in the liquid dangerous waste in the plasma flame 2, and allowing inorganic components such as heavy metals and the like in the liquid dangerous waste to enter the molten pool 1 along with the plasma flame 2 and be absorbed and locked by slag in the molten pool 1;

and 7: when the liquid level of the molten pool 1 reaches a set value, feeding is kept, a slag outlet 8 is opened, the outflow quantity of slag is controlled, the generation of liquid slag and the slag discharge quantity are kept in dynamic balance, and the liquid level of the slag in the furnace is kept stable, so that continuous feeding and slag discharge are realized;

and 8: after the treatment is finished, stopping feeding, closing the oxidizing gas inlet 18, gradually reducing the power of the thermal plasma torch 9, and emptying the slag;

and step 9: the thermal plasma torch 9 is closed, the shielding gas inlet 15 is closed, and the system is naturally cooled.

While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

1. The utility model provides a plasma stove of solid-state and liquid hazardous waste is dealt with in combination, includes the furnace body, the furnace body is inside including the gas zone on upper portion and the molten bath of lower part, and gas zone intercommunication solid-state danger feed inlet and gas outlet, molten bath intercommunication slag export, its characterized in that:

the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a thermal plasma torch and a liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve, the thermal plasma torch generates plasma flame, the plasma flame upwards penetrates through the bottom of the furnace body to be sprayed into the molten pool, the molten pool is heated and stirred, and stable slag circulation is formed in the molten pool;

and the liquid hazardous waste is sprayed into plasma flame from the bottom of the furnace body through the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve and enters the molten pool along with the plasma flame.

2. A plasma furnace for combined solid and liquid hazardous waste disposal according to claim 1, wherein: the thermal plasma torch is positioned in the middle of the molten pool, and the circulating direction of the molten slag is upward in the middle of the molten pool and downward around the molten pool.

3. A plasma furnace for combined disposal of solid and liquid hazardous waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve is externally connected with a thermal plasma torch, and plasma flame penetrates through the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve and then is sprayed into the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve from the bottom of the molten pool.

4. A plasma furnace for combined solid and liquid hazardous waste disposal according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the inner wall of the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve is provided with a protective gas nozzle, a liquid hazardous waste nozzle and an oxidizing gas nozzle, while the bottom is provided with a protective gas inlet, a liquid hazardous waste inlet and an oxidizing gas inlet,

the protection gas inlet is communicated with the protection gas nozzle, the liquid dangerous waste inlet is communicated with the liquid dangerous waste nozzle, and the oxidizing gas inlet is communicated with the oxidizing gas nozzle.

5. A plasma furnace for combined disposal of solid and liquid hazardous waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the protective gas is nitrogen or inert gas, and the oxidizing gas is pure oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air.

6. A plasma furnace for combined disposal of solid and liquid hazardous waste as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein: the thermal plasma torch is detachably connected to the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve.

7. A plasma furnace for combined disposal of solid and liquid hazardous waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thermal plasma torch adopts air, nitrogen, water vapor, oxygen, inert gas or a mixture thereof as a plasma working medium.

8. A plasma furnace for combined disposal of solid and liquid hazardous waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the furnace body, the side wall and the bottom of the molten pool part are provided with water-cooled walls, and the inner walls of other parts are paved with heat-insulating refractory material layers.

9. A plasma furnace for combined solid and liquid hazardous waste disposal according to claim 1 or 8, wherein: the slag outlet position is provided with a heating device for preventing the liquid slag nearby the slag outlet position from condensing.

10. A method for combined disposal of solid and liquid hazardous waste, comprising the steps of:

step 1: connecting the thermal plasma torch with a liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve;

step 2: feeding vitreous slag from a solid hazardous waste feeding hole, and accumulating the vitreous slag in a furnace body to form a material bed;

and 3, step 3: opening a water-cooling switch of a furnace body water-cooling wall and a liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve, and opening a protective gas inlet of the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve;

and 4, step 4: opening a thermal plasma torch, spraying plasma flame into a furnace body, melting vitreous slag to form a vitreous molten pool, and forming a stable circular current with the middle part rising and the periphery falling under the continuous pushing of the plasma flame;

and 5: if solid-state dangerous waste is treated, the solid-state dangerous waste is thrown in from a solid-state dangerous waste feeding hole, falls into a molten pool and is involved in a molten pool circulation flow, organic components in the solid-state dangerous waste are decomposed into gaseous small molecules at the high temperature of the molten pool, inorganic components in the solid-state dangerous waste are rapidly melted, and harmful components are locked by the molten pool;

step 6: if the liquid dangerous waste is treated, opening an oxidizing gas inlet and a liquid dangerous waste inlet, respectively spraying the oxidizing gas and the liquid dangerous waste into plasma flame from an oxidizing gas nozzle and a liquid dangerous waste nozzle, rapidly oxidizing and decomposing organic components in the liquid dangerous waste in the plasma flame, and allowing inorganic components such as heavy metals and the like in the liquid dangerous waste to enter a molten pool along with the plasma flame and be absorbed and locked by slag in the molten pool;

and 7: when the height of the liquid level of the molten pool reaches a set high material level, stopping feeding, opening a slag outlet, discharging slag until the liquid level of the molten pool drops to a set low material level, and then closing the slag outlet;

and 8: alternately performing the steps 5-7 according to the type of the hazardous waste to be treated so as to realize continuous combined treatment of solid and liquid hazardous waste;

and step 9: after the treatment is finished, stopping feeding, closing an oxidizing gas inlet, gradually reducing the power of the thermal plasma torch, and emptying slag;

step 10: and (4) closing the thermal plasma torch, closing the protective gas inlet, and naturally cooling the system.

11. A method for combined disposal of solid and liquid hazardous waste, comprising the steps of:

step 1: the thermal plasma torch is hermetically connected with the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve;

step 2: feeding vitreous slag from a solid hazardous waste feeding hole, and accumulating the vitreous slag in a furnace body to form a material bed;

and 3, step 3: opening a water-cooling switch of a furnace body water-cooling wall and a liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve, and opening a protective gas inlet of the liquid hazardous waste feeding sleeve;

and 4, step 4: opening a thermal plasma torch, spraying plasma flame into a furnace body, melting vitreous slag to form a vitreous molten pool, and forming a stable circular current with the middle part rising and the periphery falling under the continuous pushing of the plasma flame;

and 5: solid hazardous waste is thrown from a solid hazardous waste feeding hole, falls into a molten pool and is involved in a molten pool circulation, organic components in the solid hazardous waste are decomposed into gaseous micromolecules at the high temperature of the molten pool, inorganic components in the solid hazardous waste are rapidly melted, and harmful components are locked by the molten pool;

step 6: opening an oxidizing gas inlet and a liquid dangerous waste inlet, respectively spraying the oxidizing gas and the liquid dangerous waste into plasma flame from an oxidizing gas nozzle and a liquid dangerous waste nozzle, rapidly oxidizing and decomposing organic components in the liquid dangerous waste in the plasma flame, and allowing inorganic components such as heavy metals in the liquid dangerous waste to enter a molten pool along with the plasma flame and be absorbed and locked by slag in the molten pool;

and 7: when the height of the liquid level of the molten pool reaches a set value, the feeding is kept, a slag outlet is opened, the outflow quantity of the slag is controlled, the generation of liquid slag and the slag discharge quantity are kept in dynamic balance, and the height of the liquid level of the slag in the furnace is kept stable, so that the continuous feeding and slag discharge are realized;

and 8: after the treatment is finished, stopping feeding, closing an oxidizing gas inlet, gradually reducing the power of the thermal plasma torch, and emptying the slag;

and step 9: and (4) closing the thermal plasma torch, closing the protective gas inlet, and naturally cooling the system.

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