CN115362800B

CN115362800B - Claw type potato seed sowing device

Info

Publication number: CN115362800B
Application number: CN202211006150.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨小平; 孙步功; 石林榕; 赵武云; 孙伟; 张华�; 刘小龙; 辛尚龙; 戴飞; 史瑞杰
Original assignee: Gansu Agricultural University
Current assignee: Gansu Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-08-22
Filing date: 2022-08-22
Publication date: 2023-07-14
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-22
Also published as: CN115362800A

Abstract

The invention discloses a claw-type potato seed sowing device, which belongs to the technical field of sowing machinery, and comprises a frame, a closed chain, a seed box and a seed cleaning baffle plate, wherein the closed chain is provided with a seed taking spoon; the seed cleaning baffle is fixed in the seed box and extends along the moving directions of various seed taking spoons in the seed filling area, and the distance between the side wall of the seed cleaning baffle and the tail end of the upper claw of each seed taking spoon is gradually reduced along the moving directions of the seed taking spoons.

Description

Claw type potato seed sowing device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seeding machinery, in particular to potato seed metering equipment, and specifically relates to a claw-type potato seed metering device.

Background

Potatoes are commonly called as potatoes and potatoes, are native to Andies mountain in south America, have rich protein content, are fourth largest grain crops after wheat, rice and corn, are one of the most promising high-yield economic crops in the world at present, and have important roles in agricultural production planning.

At present, the mechanized development level of potato planting is low, the seed metering device is used as a core component of a potato planter, is a key factor for restricting the development of the potato planter, and is mainly divided into a mechanical seed metering device and a pneumatic seed metering device according to the working principle. The pneumatic seed sowing device can be divided into an air suction type seed sowing device and an air blowing type seed sowing device according to different working principles, has good universality, does not damage seeds, has low requirements on the geometric dimension of the seeds, but has complex structure, high manufacturing cost and high price. The mechanical seed sowing device has simple structure and low price, and is suitable for potato industry in China. The mechanical seed metering device mainly comprises a spoon belt type, a spoon chain type, a spoon disk type, a needle punching type and a conveying belt type, wherein the spoon chain type potato seed metering device is the potato seed metering device which is most widely applied at home and abroad at present, but the chain type potato seed metering device still has serious problems of rebroadcasting, missed seeding and the like in the whole, influences the operation efficiency of the seed metering device and restricts the mechanized development of potatoes.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve at least one technical problem, the invention provides a claw-type potato seed sowing device, which adopts a seed taking spoon with a claw part, and utilizes a seed cleaning baffle to push potatoes on the claw part to move towards a non-fixed end of the claw part to realize primary seed cleaning, meanwhile, when the seed taking spoon enters a conveying area from a seed filling area, the potatoes can perform overturning operation and slide a certain distance along the claw part to enter the spoon part, and the potatoes on the seed taking spoon can collide and move mutually to realize secondary seed cleaning in the process.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a claw-type potato seed sowing device comprises a frame, a closed chain, a seed box and three chain wheels, wherein the seed box and the three chain wheels are arranged on the frame; a plurality of seed scoops are uniformly arranged on the closed chain and are used for extracting potatoes; the invention is characterized in that the three chain wheels are arranged in the same plane in parallel, one chain wheel is positioned below the other two chain wheels and used for tensioning a closed chain and forming a polygonal structure, the tensioned closed chain comprises a seed filling area which is positioned in a seed box and is provided with a seed taking spoon which moves upwards from bottom to top, a seed guiding area which is provided with a seed protecting groove, and a conveying area which is positioned between the seed filling area and the seed guiding area, wherein the outer side of the seed guiding area is provided with a seed receiving plate, the seed receiving plate is arranged below the conveying area and is inclined to the seed box and used for conveying potatoes on the seed receiving plate back to the seed box, and the invention is characterized in that: the seed taking spoon is claw-type and comprises a spoon part and a claw part connected with the spoon part, wherein the claw part comprises at least two claws, and the width of a gap between two adjacent claws is lower than the size of a potato; the seed metering device also comprises a seed cleaning baffle plate which is fixed in the seed box and extends along the moving direction of various seed taking spoons in the seed filling area, and one end of the seed cleaning baffle plate at least extends to the outlet of the seed filling area; along getting kind spoon direction of movement in filling the kind district, the distance that the claw was not fixed end terminal on kind spoon lateral wall and various kinds of spoons of getting gradually reduces, consequently, when getting kind spoon along getting kind baffle and remove, the potato on the baffle promotion claw portion of getting kind moves to the non-fixed end of claw portion to reduce the potato accommodation space on the claw portion, realize clear kind operation.

The number of the claws of the seed taking spoon claw part can be selected according to the needs, the position relation between the seed cleaning baffle plate and the claws can also be selected according to the needs, for example, when the claw part of the seed taking spoon is two claws, the seed cleaning baffle plate can be a single plate and can be arranged in a gap between the two claws, of course, the seed cleaning baffle plate can also be two plates, and the seed cleaning baffle plate can be respectively arranged at two sides of the claw part, and the distance between the two seed cleaning baffle plates is smaller than the size of a potato so as to ensure that the potato can be pushed to move along the claw part. For example, the claw part is three claws, wherein one claw is positioned in the middle, the other two claws are positioned at two sides, when the seed taking spoon is positioned in the seed filling area, the two claws positioned at two sides are positioned above the claw positioned in the middle, the distance between the two claws positioned at two sides is larger than the size of the potato, and the seed cleaning baffle is provided with two claws and positioned in a gap between the three claws.

As a specific embodiment of the invention, the cleaning baffle plate can be a wedge-shaped plate with gradually increased width along the moving direction of the seed taking spoon in the seed filling area, and the width can be increased in steps or linearly, but is preferably increased linearly, so that damage to the potato skin can be reduced.

As a specific implementation mode of the invention, the device is further additionally provided with the buffer wheel, the buffer wheel is connected with the closed chain of the conveying area and used for tensioning the closed chain, and the buffer wheel is fixed on the frame through the elastic telescopic structure so that the length of the closed chain of the conveying area can be changed to form vibration after the stress of the closed chain is changed, and the whole closed chain is always kept in a tensioning state in the running process.

As a specific embodiment of the invention, the gap between the inner wall of the seed protection groove and the seed taking spoon is smaller than the size of the potatoes, so that the seed protection groove and the seed taking spoon positioned in the seed protection groove divide the seed guiding area into a plurality of independent potato storage units.

As a specific implementation mode of the invention, at least two seed metering devices are arranged, each seed metering device shares one seed box, and closed chains of each seed metering device are arranged in parallel so as to facilitate multi-row seed metering.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:

according to the invention, the seed cleaning baffle is utilized to push the potatoes on the seed taking spoon claw to move towards the non-fixed end of the claw, so that the potato accommodating space on the claw is reduced, the seed cleaning operation is carried out once on the redundant potatoes on the seed taking spoon, after the seed cleaning baffle pushes the potatoes to the non-fixed end of the claw, when the seed taking spoon enters the conveying area from the seed filling area, the potatoes can turn over and slide a certain distance along the claw to enter the spoon part, and in the process, the potatoes on the seed taking spoon can collide with each other and relatively move, so that the redundant potatoes are cleaned, and the secondary seed cleaning is realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a claw-type potato seed metering device in example 1;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part of the portion A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the seed discharging unit in example 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the triangular claw seed taking spoon in embodiment 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the relative positions of the seed cleaning plate and the claw in example 1;

fig. 6 is a schematic operation diagram of the driving mechanism 7 in embodiment 1;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of a two-claw seed scoop in example 2;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the relative positions of the seed cleaning plate and the claw in example 2;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the seed discharging unit in example 2;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of the portion B of FIG. 9;

in the figure, a frame 1, a closed chain 2, a seed box 3, a sprocket 4, a seed protection groove 5, an inoculating plate 6, a driving mechanism 7, a seed taking spoon 8, a seed cleaning baffle 9, a buffer wheel 10, an elastic telescopic rod 11, a motor 71, a gearbox 72, a driving rotating shaft 73, a driving gear 74, a driven gear 75, a spoon part 81, a claw part 82 and a claw 821.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the claw-type potato seed metering device according to the present embodiment, and fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1. The seed metering device comprises two seed metering device units, wherein each seed metering device unit comprises a frame 1, a closed chain 2, a seed box 3, a chain wheel 4, a seed protection groove 5 and an inoculating plate 6, wherein the seed box 3, the chain wheel 4, the seed protection groove 5 and the inoculating plate 6 are arranged on the frame 1. The frame 1 is used for bearing other equipment parts, and the seed box 3 is used for storing the potato that waits to sow (hereinafter called seed potato), and inoculation board 6 and seed box 3 fixed connection and inoculation board 6 slope setting are convenient for send the seed potato that drops on the inoculation board 6 back into the seed box 3. In addition, the device is also matched with a driving mechanism 7 for driving the chain wheel 4 to rotate, thereby driving the closed chain 2 to circularly move to realize the purpose of conveying the seed potatoes, and in order to simplify the arrangement, two seed metering units in the embodiment share the rack 1, the seed box 3 and the inoculation plate 6. The structure of the present seed metering device will be described below in conjunction with a single seed metering device unit.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the seed metering unit. For each seed metering unit, a plurality of seed taking scoops 8 are uniformly arranged on the closed chain 2 and used for grabbing seed potatoes, and a certain distance is reserved between the seed taking scoops 8. The sprocket 4 has three, and three sprocket 4 parallel arrangement is in the coplanar and one of them sprocket 4 is located the below of two other sprockets 4 for tensioning closed chain 2 and forming polygonal structure, specifically, tensioning closed chain 2 is trilateral in this embodiment, closed chain 2 after the tensioning is including being arranged in seed case 3 and getting kind spoon 8 from the seed filling district that upwards removes down, get kind spoon from the top down and be located seed filling district, the transport district between the seed guiding district, protect kind groove 5 and be located seed guiding district outside, inoculation board 6 is located the transport district below, this part belongs to prior art, specific construction mode has a variety, such as chinese application for patent CN201510513389.4 discloses get kind of device, this part is not described in detail here.

Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a triangular claw seed taking spoon according to the present embodiment. The seed taking spoon 8 of the present embodiment is a claw type, which includes a spoon portion 81, a claw portion 82 fixedly connected with the spoon portion 81, a spoon pit 811 is provided on the spoon portion 81 for accommodating the seed potato, the claw portion 82 includes three claws 821, wherein two claws 821 are located at both sides of the other claw 821, and when the seed taking spoon 8 is located in the seed box 3, the two claws 821 located at both sides are located above one claw 821 located in the middle, the distance between the two claws 821 located at both sides is larger than the size of the potato, the gap width between the two adjacent claws 821 is smaller than the size of the seed potato, therefore, the seed potato can be caught by the claw portion 82, and the seed potato after being caught is only contacted with the two claws 821 and is not simultaneously contacted with the three claws 821, therefore, the seed potato may shake in the later turning process. In addition, when the seed taking spoon 8 is positioned in the seed box 3, the end of the claw 821, which is not fixed, is folded upwards into an arc shape, so that the plurality of seed potatoes can be caught by the catch.

Referring to fig. 1 and 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the seed cleaning plate and the claw. The seed cleaning baffle plates 9 are two and mutually parallel, each seed cleaning baffle plate 9 is a wedge-shaped plate with gradually increased width along the moving direction of the seed taking spoon 8 in the seed filling area, the two seed cleaning baffle plates 9 are fixed in the seed box 3 and are respectively positioned between two gaps formed by three claws of the seed taking spoon 8, one end of each seed cleaning baffle plate 9 extends to the seed filling area outlet, when the closed chain 2 moves along the seed cleaning baffle plates 9, the inclined surface of each seed cleaning baffle plate 9 pushes the seed potato on the claw 82 to move towards the non-fixed end of the claw 2, so that the seed potato accommodating space on the claw 8 is reduced, and one-time seed cleaning operation is realized. When the seed taking spoon 8 enters the conveying area from the seed filling area, the seed potatoes can turn over along with the seed taking spoon 8 and slide a certain distance along the claw 82 to enter the spoon part, and in the process, the excessive seed potatoes are easy to further clear, so that secondary seed cleaning is realized. The distance between the claws 821 on two sides of the triangular claw type seed taking spoon 8 is larger than the size of the seed potatoes, the seed potatoes are only contacted with the two claws 821 when the seed is filled, and are not contacted with the three claws 821 at the same time, when a plurality of seed potatoes exist on the same seed taking spoon 8, different seed potatoes can be contacted with the different two claws 821, so that adjacent seed potatoes are not centered, redundant seed potatoes can slide along the inclined planes of the seed potatoes positioned below during the overturning process of secondary seed cleaning, the seed potatoes are easier to separate from the seed taking spoon 8, the distance between the two claws 821 on two sides is larger, and the seed potatoes can also move along the cross section of the claw 82 during the sliding process of the claw 82, so that the secondary seed cleaning effect is also facilitated to be further improved.

Referring to fig. 3, the gap between the inner wall of the seed protecting groove 5 and the seed taking spoon 8 is smaller than the size of the seed potato, so that the seed protecting groove 5 and the seed taking spoon 8 positioned in the seed protecting groove 5 divide the seed guiding area into a plurality of independent seed potato storage units, thereby reducing the speed of the potato at the seed feeding point and reducing the collision damage to the seed potato epidermis in the conveying process. When the potato seeds reach the seed feeding point, the support of the seed protection groove 5 is lost, and the seed feeding operation is completed under the action of centrifugal force and gravity.

Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic working diagram of the driving mechanism 7, where the driving mechanism includes a motor 71, a gearbox 72 and a driving shaft 73, and the gearbox 72 is used for changing a rotation speed ratio between the motor 71 and the driving shaft 73 to implement speed regulation, which belongs to conventional arrangements and is not described in detail herein. In addition, in this embodiment, the two sprockets 4 at the bottommost parts of the two seed metering units are coaxially and fixedly connected, a driven gear 75 is fixedly installed on the connecting shaft of the two sprockets, and the driven gear 75 is meshed with the driving gear 74, so that the sprockets 4 are driven to rotate.

Example 2

This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in the following aspects:

1. referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-claw seed taking spoon according to the present embodiment, two claws 821 are provided on the seed taking spoon 8 according to the present embodiment, and the distance between the two claws 821 is smaller than the size of the seed potato.

2. The number of the seed cleaning baffles 9 is different, in this embodiment, the seed cleaning baffles 9 are one, and are located in a gap between two claws 821, and specifically reference may be made to fig. 8, and fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the seed cleaning baffles and the claws in this embodiment.

3. In this embodiment, a buffer wheel 10 is further added, please refer to fig. 9, where the buffer wheel 10 is connected with the closed chain 2 in the conveying area for tensioning the closed chain 2, and the buffer wheel 2 is fixed on the contact plate 6 through an elastic telescopic rod 11 so that the length of the closed chain 2 in the conveying area can be changed after the stress of the closed chain 2 changes, and of course, the whole closed chain 2 is always kept in a tensioned state in this process. In this embodiment, the seed potato enters the seed guiding area from the conveying area, and the seed potato is separated from the seed taking spoon 8 at the later stage and knocks on the back of the seed taking spoon 8 at the earlier stage under the action of self gravity, so as to vibrate the closed chain and change the local stress condition of the closed chain 2, and since the buffer wheel 10 of the conveying area is supported by the elastic telescopic rod 11, the elastic telescopic rod 11 stretches and contracts to change the length of the closed chain 2 of the conveying area, so that the seed taking spoon 8 at the conveying area vibrates up and down to further remove the redundant seed potato, thereby forming three-stage removal.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A claw-type potato seed sowing device comprises a frame, a closed chain, a seed box and three chain wheels, wherein the seed box and the three chain wheels are arranged on the frame, and a plurality of seed taking spoons are uniformly arranged on the closed chain; the three chain wheels are arranged in the same plane in parallel and used for tensioning the closed chain to form a polygonal structure, the tensioned closed chain comprises a seed filling area, a seed guiding area and a conveying area, wherein the seed filling area is positioned in the seed box, the seed taking spoon moves from bottom to top, the seed guiding area is positioned between the seed filling area and the seed guiding area, a seed protection groove is formed in the outer side of the seed guiding area, a seed receiving plate is arranged below the conveying area and used for conveying potatoes falling in the conveying area back to the seed box, and the seed taking spoon is characterized by comprising a spoon part and a claw part connected with the spoon part, the claw part comprises at least two claws, and the width of a gap between every two adjacent claws is smaller than the size of the potatoes; the seed metering device further comprises a seed cleaning baffle plate which is fixed in the seed box and extends along the moving direction of each seed taking spoon in the seed filling area, and one end of the seed cleaning baffle plate at least extends to the outlet of the seed filling area; the distance between the side wall of the seed cleaning baffle plate and the tail end of the claw unfixed end on each seed taking spoon is gradually reduced along the moving direction of the seed taking spoon in the seed filling area;

the seed metering device is also provided with a buffer wheel, the buffer wheel is connected with the closed type chain of the conveying area and is used for tensioning the closed type chain, and the buffer wheel is fixed on the frame through an elastic telescopic structure, so that the length of the closed type chain of the conveying area can be changed after the stress of the closed type chain is changed;

the seed potato enters the seed guiding area from the conveying area, and can be separated from the later seed taking spoon under the action of self gravity and can strike the back of the former seed taking spoon.

2. The claw-type potato seed metering device of claim 1 wherein the claw portion is provided with three claws, wherein one claw is located in the middle and the other two claws are located on both sides, and when the seed taking spoon is located in the seed charging area, the two claws located on both sides are located above the one claw located in the middle, and the distance between the two claws located on both sides is larger than the size of the potato; the two seed cleaning baffles are respectively arranged in two gaps between the three claws.

3. The claw-type potato seed metering device of claim 1 wherein the claw portion is provided with two claws.

4. A claw potato seed metering device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the seed cleaning baffle is located in a gap between the two claws.

5. A claw-type potato seed metering device as claimed in claim 3 wherein there are two seed-metering baffles, two seed-metering baffles are located on either side of the two claws respectively, and the spacing between the two seed-metering baffles is less than the size of a potato.

6. The claw-type potato seed metering device of any one of claims 1-5 wherein the purge barrier is a wedge-shaped plate of progressively increasing width along the direction of movement of the seed scoop within the seed charging zone.

7. The claw-type potato seed metering device of any one of claims 1-5 wherein a gap between an inner wall of the seed-protecting trough and the seed-taking scoop is smaller than a size of a potato, the seed-protecting trough and the seed-taking scoop in the seed-protecting trough dividing the seed-guiding zone into a plurality of independent potato storage units.