CN115360455A - 牵引电池组热管理总成 - Google Patents
牵引电池组热管理总成 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115360455A CN115360455A CN202210460353.4A CN202210460353A CN115360455A CN 115360455 A CN115360455 A CN 115360455A CN 202210460353 A CN202210460353 A CN 202210460353A CN 115360455 A CN115360455 A CN 115360455A
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- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
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Abstract
本公开提供“牵引电池组热管理总成”。一种牵引电池总成包括电池组的热交换装置,以及邻近所述热交换装置设置的电池阵列。相变材料固定至所述热交换装置的区域。一种管理电池组内热能的方法除了其他之外包括抵靠热交换装置定位电池阵列并且将相变材料固定至所述热交换装置。所述相变材料被配置为从所述电池阵列中的至少一个吸收热能。
Description
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及管理热能,并且更特别地涉及减少在电池组的电池阵列之间的热能传递。
背景技术
电动化车辆不同于常规机动车辆,因为电动化车辆可使用由牵引电池供电的一个或多个电机来驱动。作为内燃发动机的替代或补充,电机可驱动电动化车辆。示例性电动化车辆包括混合动力电动车辆(HEV)、插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、燃料电池车辆(FCV)和电池电动车辆(BEV)。
发明内容
根据本公开的示例性方面的一种牵引电池总成除了其他之外包括电池组的热交换装置以及邻近所述热交换装置设置的电池阵列。相变材料固定至所述热交换装置的区域。
在前述总成的另一个示例性实施例中,所述电池阵列包括与第二电池阵列相邻的第一电池阵列。所述区域在所述第一电池阵列和所述第二电池阵列之间。
前述总成中任一个的另一个示例性实施例包括将所述相变材料固定到所述热交换装置的粘合剂。
在前述总成中任一个的另一个示例中,所述粘合剂包括吸热填充材料。
在前述总成中任一个的另一个示例性实施例中,所述吸热填充材料是硅酸钠。
在前述总成中任一个的另一个示例性实施例中,所述相变材料是硝酸钠。
在前述总成中任一个的另一个示例性实施例中,所述热交换装置包括传送液体冷却剂的液体冷却剂通道。
在前述总成中任一个的另一个示例性实施例中,所述热交换装置包括将所述热交换装置的第一区域与所述热交换装置的第二区域分开的热障。所述第一区域与所述电池阵列中的第一个相邻。所述第二区域与所述电池阵列中的第二个相邻。
在前述总成中任一个的另一个示例性实施例中,所述热障是膨胀型涂层。
前述总成中任一个的另一个示例性实施例包括设置在所述热交换装置的表面上的电池阵列。电池阵列中的每一个彼此间隔开一定距离以在相邻的电池阵列之间提供间隙。所述相变材料在所述间隙内固定至所述热交换装置的所述表面。
在前述总成中任一个的另一个示例性实施例中,当所述电池组处于安装位置中时,所述表面面向上。
在前述总成中任一个的另一个示例性实施例中,所述表面是第一表面。所述热交换装置包括向下背离所述第一表面的相对的第二表面。所述相变材料另外地固定至所述第二表面。
前述总成中任一个的另一个示例性实施例包括围封所述电池阵列和所述热交换装置的外壳。
根据本公开的另一个示例性方面的一种管理电池组内的热能的方法尤其包括将电池阵列定位成抵靠热交换装置,以及将相变材料固定到所述热交换装置。所述相变材料被配置为从所述电池阵列中的至少一个吸收热能。
前述方法的另一个示例性实施例包括将所述相变材料粘附地固定至所述热交换装置。
在前述方法中任一个的另一个示例性实施例中,用于固定所述相变材料的粘合剂包括吸热填充材料。
在前述方法中任一个的另一个示例性实施例中,所述相变材料是硝酸钾。
在前述方法中任一个的另一个示例性实施例中,所述电池阵列抵靠所述热交换装置的表面放置。所述相变材料固定到在所述电池阵列中的相邻电池阵列之间的所述表面的区域。
前述方法中任一个的另一个示例性实施例包括通过所述热交换装置的通道传送液体冷却剂。
前述方法中任一个的另一个示例性实施例包括将热障并入所述热交换装置中。所述热障将所述热交换装置的第一区域与所述热交换装置的第二区域分开。所述第一区域与所述电池阵列中的第一个相邻。所述第二区域与所述电池阵列中的第二个相邻。
附图说明
根据具体实施方式,所公开示例的各种特征和优点对于本领域技术人员而言将变得显而易见。随附于具体实施方式的附图可简要地描述如下:
图1示出了根据本公开的示例性方面的电动化车辆的侧视图。
图2示出了源于图2的电动化车辆的电池组的展开图。
图3示出了根据本公开的第一实施例的图2中电池组的一部分的示意性侧视图。
图4示出了根据本公开的另一个示例性方面的电池组的一部分的图3中相同的侧视图。
具体实施方式
本公开总体上涉及减少在电池组的电池阵列之间的热能传递,特别是在高温事件期间。
参考图1,在示例性非限制实施例中,电动化车辆10包括为电机18供电的牵引电池组14。电动化车辆10还包括由电机18驱动的车轮22。电池组14可以为电机18供电,电机18将电力转换为扭矩以驱动车轮22。
在示例性实施例中,电池组14固定到电动化车辆10的车身底部26。在其他示例中,电池组14可以位于电动化车辆10上的其他地方。电池组14可以使用例如条带和机械紧固件固定到车身底部26。
电动化车辆10是纯电动车辆。在其他示例中,电动化车辆10是混合动力电动车辆,其可以使用由替代电机或作为电机的补充的内燃发动机提供的扭矩选择性地驱动车轮。一般而言,电动化车辆10可以是具有牵引电池组的任何类型的车辆。
现在参考图2,同时继续参考图1,示例电池组14包括外壳30、热交换装置34和多个单独的电池阵列38。
当电池组14处于车辆10上的安装位置中时,外壳30可以围封热交换装置34和电池阵列38。在一些示例中,热交换装置34被认为是冷板。热交换装置34可以用于管理电池阵列38的热能水平。
在该示例中,热交换器42在电池组14的外部。冷却剂路径46使液体冷却剂在热交换装置34和热交换器42之间循环。在热交换装置34处,冷却剂可以从电池阵列38吸收热能。然后,冷却剂被传送回热交换器42,在该处,将热能从冷却剂传递开至例如空气。
在该示例性实施例中,外壳30包括托盘50和盖子54。托盘50和盖子54被固定以提供围封热交换装置34和电池阵列38的内部区域58。托盘50和盖子54或两者可以是聚合物或基于聚合物的材料。
在该示例中,电池阵列38中的每一个包括保持在阵列端板之间的多个单独的电池单元。电池阵列内的电池单元可能在操作期间升温。
电池单元的过充电和过放电会增加热能水平,并且可能导致从电池单元排出气体。如果电池阵列38中的一个正在经历这种增加的热能水平,则来自该电池阵列38的热能可以传递到电池组14的其他电池阵列38中的一个,从而导致该电池阵列38中的电池单元排气。
热交换装置34可以是金属或金属合金。在该示例中,热交换装置是铝材料。热交换装置34可以提供热能从电池阵列38中的一个传递到电池阵列38中的另一个的路径。本公开的示例性实施例包括热交换装置34的特征,其可以帮助减少从电池阵列38中的一个传递到电池阵列中的相邻一个的热能的量。
参考图3,热交换装置34包括第一侧62和与第一侧62相对的第二侧66。在该示例中,第一侧62竖直地面向上。出于本公开的目的,竖直是参考地面以及车辆10在操作期间的通常取向。
电池阵列38在第一侧62上邻近热交换装置34设置。热界面材料70设置在电池阵列38和热交换装置34的基部之间。热界面材料70有助于在电池阵列38和在热交换装置34内的冷却剂之间传递热能。电池阵列38定位在热交换装置34上,使得在直接相邻的电池阵列38之间存在开放区域或间隙G。
相变材料74在间隙G内固定到热交换装置34。因此,相变材料74在相邻的电池阵列38之间固定到热交换装置34。
在示例中,相变材料可以是硝酸钠(NaNO3)或硝酸钾(KNO3)。硝酸钠可以具有306℃的相变温度。硝酸钾可以具有335℃的相变温度。相变材料74可以封装在高导热片层中。
在该示例中,粘合剂层78将相变材料74(或其中封装有相变材料74的片层)固定到热交换装置34。粘合剂层78可以包括吸热填充材料。在示例中,吸热填充材料是硅酸钠。例如,粘合剂层78可以包括保持干燥的硅酸钠或氧化铝颗粒的环氧树脂。吸热填充材料可以促进从热交换装置34至相变材料74的热能传递。
如果例如电池阵列38由于过度充电状况而经历增加的热能水平,则热能可以通过热界面材料70移动到热交换装置34。然后,热能从热交换装置34移动通过粘合剂层78,并且特别地通过粘合剂78的填充材料,以及进入相变材料74。作为响应,相变材料从固态变为液态。这吸收了热能并且减少了移动到相邻电池阵列38的热能。
在示例中,相变材料74包括水。引入足够水平的热能将水从液体变为蒸汽,随后蒸汽可以从相变材料74释放至大气中。通过相变材料释放的热能是不会从热交换装置34传递到直接邻近电池阵列34的电池阵列38B中的热能。
来自电池阵列38的热能中的一些也移动至冷却剂中,该冷却剂通过热交换装置34的通道80循环。冷却剂可以是液体冷却剂,所述液体冷却剂然后经由冷却剂路径46从热交换装置34传送回热交换器42。
图4示出了另一种示例性热交换器装置34A,其包括将热交换装置34A分成各种区域R1、R2、R3的热障82。根据需要,可以使用垫圈来密封区域R1、R2、R3之间的界面。
例如,热障82可以防止区域R1内的热能移动到区域R2中。例如,区域R1与电池阵列38A直接相邻,并且当电池阵列34A由于过度充电事件而增加时,其热能水平可增加。然后,区域R1内的热能可以移动到在热交换装置34的通道80内循环的冷却剂中。区域R1内的热能也被引导到邻近区域R1的相变材料74中。热障82有助于阻止来自区域R1的热能移动到区域R2中。
在示例中,热障82是具有玄武岩或玻璃布的膨胀型涂层。热障82可以粘附地结合到冷却剂通道80的分隔壁。用于结合热障82的粘合剂可以是阻燃结构粘合剂(例如,阻燃低粘度环氧树脂)或无机粘合剂(例如,膨胀型材料填充硅)。
电池阵列38被示为在第一侧62上,在该示例中,第一侧62是面向上的表面。在另一个示例中,热交换装置34和电池阵列38可以被定位成使得电池阵列38不驻留在热交换装置34的面向上的表面上。
一种管理图3和图4的电池组内的热能的示例性方法可以包括将电池阵列38定位在热交换装置34、34A上并且抵靠其定位。所述方法还包括将相变材料74固定到热交换装置34、34A。相变材料74可以吸收来自热交换装置34或34A的热能。
所公开的示例的特征可以包括将相变材料并入电池组中。相变材料可以向热能提供从热交换装置传递离开,而不是传递至电池组内的电池阵列的路径。
前文描述在本质上是示例性的而非限制性的。对所公开的示例作出的变化和修改对于本领域技术人员而言可能变得显而易见,所述变化和修改不一定脱离本公开的本质。因此,赋予本公开的法律保护范围只能通过研究所附权利要求来确定。
Claims (15)
1.一种牵引电池总成,其包括:
电池组的热交换装置;
多个电池阵列,所述多个电池阵列邻近所述热交换装置设置;以及
相变材料,所述相变材料固定至所述热交换装置的区域。
2.如权利要求1所述的牵引电池总成,其中所述多个电池阵列包括与第二电池阵列相邻的第一电池阵列,其中所述区域在所述第一电池阵列和所述第二电池阵列之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的牵引电池总成,其还包括将所述相变材料固定到所述热交换装置的粘合剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的牵引电池总成,其中所述粘合剂包括吸热填充材料,并且任选地,其中所述吸热填充材料是硅酸钠。
5.如权利要求1所述的牵引电池总成,其中所述相变材料是硝酸钠。
6.如权利要求1所述的牵引电池总成,其中所述热交换装置包括传送液体冷却剂的多个冷却剂通道。
7.如权利要求1所述的牵引电池总成,其中所述热交换装置包括将所述热交换装置的第一区域与所述热交换装置的第二区域分开的至少一个热障,所述第一区域与所述多个电池阵列中的第一个相邻,所述第二区域与所述多个电池阵列中的第二个相邻,并且任选地,其中所述至少一个热障是膨胀型涂层。
8.如权利要求1所述的牵引电池总成,其还包括设置在所述热交换装置的表面上的多个电池阵列,所述电池阵列中的每一个彼此间隔开一定距离以在相邻的电池阵列之间提供间隙,其中所述相变材料在所述间隙内固定至所述热交换装置的所述表面,并且任选地,其中当所述电池组处于安装位置中时,所述表面面向上。
9.如权利要求8所述的牵引电池总成,其中所述表面是第一表面,其中所述热交换装置包括向下背离所述第一表面的相对的第二表面,其中所述相变材料另外地固定至所述第二表面。
10.如权利要求8所述的牵引电池总成,其还包括围封所述多个电池阵列和所述热交换装置的外壳。
11.一种管理电池组内热能的方法,其包括:
抵靠热交换装置定位多个电池阵列;以及
将相变材料固定到所述热交换装置,所述相变材料被配置为从所述多个电池阵列中的至少一个吸收热能。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其还包括将所述相变材料粘附地固定至所述热交换装置。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中用于固定所述相变材料的粘合剂包括吸热填充材料,并且任选地,其中所述相变材料是硝酸钾。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述多个电池阵列抵靠所述热交换装置的表面放置,其中所述相变材料固定到在所述多个电池阵列中的相邻电池阵列之间的所述表面的区域。
15.如权利要求11所述的方法,其还包括通过所述热交换装置的通道传送液体冷却剂,并且任选地,还包括将热障并入所述热交换装置中,所述热障将所述热交换装置的第一区域与所述热交换装置的第二区域分开,所述第一区域与所述多个电池阵列中的第一个相邻,所述第二区域与所述多个电池阵列中的第二个相邻。
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