CN115360379A - Liquid hydrogen power system capable of utilizing heat in balance and heat utilization method thereof - Google Patents

Liquid hydrogen power system capable of utilizing heat in balance and heat utilization method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115360379A
CN115360379A CN202210853784.7A CN202210853784A CN115360379A CN 115360379 A CN115360379 A CN 115360379A CN 202210853784 A CN202210853784 A CN 202210853784A CN 115360379 A CN115360379 A CN 115360379A
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liquid hydrogen
liquid
phase valve
heat
engine
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曲捷
王遥
张春伟
李山峰
杨行
崔皓玉
黎迎晖
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Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology
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Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid hydrogen power system for balancing and utilizing heat and a method for balancing and utilizing heat, relating to the technical field of hydrogen energy application, wherein the liquid hydrogen power system comprises: a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a buffer tank, a fuel cell (or an engine), an intercooler, an air compressor, a liquid hydrogen pump and a coil pipe; the method for balancing and utilizing the heat can effectively utilize the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen to cool the fuel cell (or the engine), and utilize the heat of the fuel cell (or the engine) to vaporize the liquid hydrogen, thereby replacing the function of the traditional vaporizer, realizing the balanced utilization of the heat in the system and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

Description

Liquid hydrogen power system capable of utilizing heat in balance and heat utilization method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy application, in particular to a liquid hydrogen power system for balancing and utilizing heat and a heat balancing and utilizing method thereof.
Background
In a traditional liquid hydrogen power system, unbalance of local heat and cold exists frequently, and a large amount of energy is wasted; wherein, the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is extremely low, about-253 ℃, and before the liquid hydrogen is supplied to a fuel cell (or an engine) for use, the liquid hydrogen needs to be vaporized by absorbing heat through a vaporizer, so that the use temperature is increased; hydrogen energy utilization devices such as fuel cells (or engines) release a large amount of heat in the working process, and an additional cooling working medium is needed for circulating cooling, such as a liquid-cooled fuel cell stack; or require additional structural design using air for cooling, such as air-cooled fuel cell stacks. In conclusion, a large amount of heat needs to be absorbed in the liquid hydrogen vaporization heat absorption process, and a large amount of cold is needed for cooling the fuel cell (or the engine).
The existing fuel cell cooling technology mainly utilizes air or circulating water to carry out thermal management on a fuel cell system, the existing liquid hydrogen supply system needs to use a vaporizer to realize liquid hydrogen vaporization, and the heat of the traditional vaporizer comes from heat exchange with air or circulating water. For example, in patent No. CN201611056763.3, a fuel cell system is thermally managed by using circulating water, and the temperature of a liquid hydrogen storage tank is raised by using heat carried by the circulating water, so as to accelerate vaporization of liquid hydrogen. The flow introduces additional working media, the radiator is still required to radiate the circulating water for cooling, and the water tank for storing the circulating water also increases the volume and the weight of the whole system.
In summary, it is important to design a system flow to realize balanced utilization of heat between liquid hydrogen and the overall power system in which the fuel cell (or engine) is located, so as to avoid energy waste.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen power system and a method for balancing and utilizing heat thereof, which can effectively utilize the cold energy of liquid hydrogen to cool a fuel cell (or an engine), and utilize the heat of the fuel cell (or the engine) to vaporize the liquid hydrogen, thereby replacing the function of a conventional vaporizer, realizing the balanced utilization of the heat inside the system, and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
According to the invention the technical scheme is as follows: a liquid hydrogen power system for balanced utilization of heat comprising: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a buffer tank, a fuel cell, an intercooler, an air compressor, a liquid hydrogen pump and a coil pipe;
the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the buffer tank, the fuel cell, the intercooler and the air compressor are sequentially connected through a conveying pipeline, a gas phase valve I is arranged on the conveying pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the buffer tank, and a gas phase valve II is arranged on the conveying pipeline between the buffer tank and the fuel cell;
the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the intercooler are connected through two parallel conveying pipelines, one conveying pipeline is provided with a liquid hydrogen pump, and the other conveying pipeline is provided with a liquid phase valve; a coil pipe is arranged on the outer surface of the fuel cell in a surrounding manner and is connected with an intercooler through a conveying pipeline; meanwhile, the coil pipe on the outer surface of the fuel cell is connected with the buffer tank through a conveying pipeline.
A liquid hydrogen power system for balanced utilization of heat, comprising: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a buffer tank, an engine, an air compressor, a liquid hydrogen pump and a coil pipe;
the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the buffer tank, the engine and the air compressor are sequentially connected through a conveying pipeline, a gas phase valve I is arranged on the conveying pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the buffer tank, and a gas phase valve II is arranged on the conveying pipeline between the buffer tank and the engine;
a coil pipe is arranged on the outer surface of the engine in a surrounding way, the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the coil pipe are connected through two parallel conveying pipelines, one conveying pipeline is provided with a liquid hydrogen pump, and the other conveying pipeline is provided with a liquid phase valve; meanwhile, the coil pipe on the outer surface of the engine is connected with the buffer tank through a conveying pipeline.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal, the liquid hydrogen storage tank may be spherical or cylindrical in shape.
A heat balance utilization method of a liquid hydrogen power system for balancing and utilizing heat, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the liquid hydrogen storage tank stores rated amount of liquid hydrogen, the buffer tank stores hydrogen with certain volume and pressure, at the moment, the gas phase valve I and the liquid phase valve are closed, the gas phase valve II is opened, and the hydrogen in the buffer tank enters the fuel cell; meanwhile, the air compressor starts to work, and compressed air is cooled through an intercooler and then is sent to the fuel cell;
step two: the liquid hydrogen pump starts to work, the liquid hydrogen exchanges heat with the compressed air and the fuel cell through the intercooler and the coil pipe, the liquid hydrogen absorbs heat and is vaporized and then enters a buffer tank, and the fuel cell is cooled;
step three: the fuel cell continuously works to generate heat, the flow of liquid hydrogen is regulated through the liquid hydrogen pump to maintain the working temperature of the fuel cell, when the pressure of hydrogen formed after the liquid hydrogen in the coil pipe is vaporized is greater than the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the gas phase valve I and the liquid phase valve are both opened, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is continuously extruded under the action of the pressure of the hydrogen gas, the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen is controlled by adjusting the valve openings of the gas phase valve I and the liquid phase valve, and when the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank meets the condition that the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen is greater than or equal to the delivery flow of the liquid hydrogen pump, the liquid hydrogen pump is closed;
step four: and when the liquid hydrogen power system is ready to stop working, closing the liquid phase valve and the gas phase valve II, and closing the gas phase valve I after the fuel cell is stopped.
A heat balance utilization method for a liquid hydrogen power system for balancing and utilizing heat comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the liquid hydrogen storage tank stores rated amount of liquid hydrogen, the buffer tank stores hydrogen with certain volume and pressure, at the moment, the gas phase valve I and the liquid phase valve are closed, the gas phase valve II is opened, and the hydrogen in the buffer tank enters the engine; meanwhile, the air compressor starts to work, so that compressed air enters the engine and the engine starts to work;
step two: the liquid hydrogen pump starts to work, liquid hydrogen exchanges heat with the engine through the coil pipe, enters the buffer tank after absorbing heat and vaporizing, and cools the engine at the same time;
step three: the engine continuously works to generate heat, the flow of liquid hydrogen is regulated through the liquid hydrogen pump to maintain the working temperature of the engine, when the pressure of hydrogen formed after the liquid hydrogen in the coil pipe is vaporized is greater than the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the gas phase valve I and the liquid phase valve are both opened, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is continuously extruded out under the action of the pressure of the hydrogen, the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen is controlled by adjusting the valve openings of the gas phase valve I and the liquid phase valve, and when the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank meets the condition that the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen is greater than or equal to the conveying flow of the liquid hydrogen pump, the liquid hydrogen pump is closed;
step four: when the liquid hydrogen power system is ready to stop working, the liquid phase valve and the gas phase valve II are closed, and the gas phase valve I is closed after the engine is stopped.
Has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, the liquid hydrogen pipeline is reasonably arranged, the flow of the liquid hydrogen is regulated and controlled, and the buffer tank for storing the hydrogen is added, so that the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen is utilized to cool the fuel cell, and the heat of the fuel cell is utilized to vaporize the liquid hydrogen, thereby realizing the balance utilization between the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen and the heat of the compressed air and the heat of the fuel cell, directly exchanging heat between the liquid hydrogen pipeline and the fuel cell, replacing the function of the traditional vaporizer, and effectively realizing the heat balance in the system; meanwhile, liquid hydrogen can be conveyed by utilizing the coordination action of the valve and the buffer tank, the use of a liquid hydrogen pump is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved.
2. According to the invention, the liquid hydrogen pipeline is reasonably arranged, the flow of the liquid hydrogen is regulated and controlled, and the buffer tank for storing the hydrogen is added, so that the engine is cooled by using the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen, the liquid hydrogen is vaporized by using the heat of the engine, the balance utilization between the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen and the heat of the engine is realized, the function of the traditional vaporizer is replaced, the energy loss can be reduced, the heat balance in the system is effectively realized, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved; meanwhile, liquid hydrogen can be conveyed by utilizing the coordination action of the valve and the buffer tank, the use of a liquid hydrogen pump is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is further improved.
3. The existing heat management method of the liquid hydrogen power system mainly uses circulating water, utilizes the cold energy of liquid hydrogen to cool the fuel cell, introduces additional working medium, increases the volume and weight of the system, and the vaporization of the liquid hydrogen usually exchanges heat with air or the circulating water through a vaporizer; the method of the invention adopts the mode that the liquid hydrogen pipeline directly exchanges heat with the fuel cell or the engine to ensure that the liquid hydrogen absorbs heat and is vaporized, thereby replacing the traditional vaporizer, and through balanced utilization of the liquid hydrogen cold energy and the heat of the fuel cell or the engine, the introduction of extra working media is avoided, and the heat utilization efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the invention also adopts a liquid hydrogen supply mode that the buffer tank and the valve are mutually coordinated and matched, and adopts different hydrogen supply modes aiming at the starting, running, stopping and other states of the liquid hydrogen power system, thereby saving energy and improving the system efficiency on the premise of meeting the hydrogen demand of the power system and the system safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a liquid hydrogen power system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the liquid hydrogen power system of the present invention.
The system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a gas phase valve I2, a buffer tank 3, a delivery pipeline 4, a gas phase valve II 5, a fuel cell 6, an intercooler 7, an air compressor 8, a liquid hydrogen pump 9, a liquid phase valve 10, a power line 11, a motor 12, a coil 13 and an engine 14.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a liquid hydrogen power system for balancing and utilizing heat and a method for balancing and utilizing heat, which can effectively utilize the cold energy of liquid hydrogen to cool a fuel cell, the liquid hydrogen is vaporized by using the heat of the fuel cell, the function of the traditional vaporizer is replaced, the heat balance utilization in the system is realized, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid hydrogen power system includes: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a buffer tank 3, a fuel cell 6, an intercooler 7, an air compressor 8, a liquid hydrogen pump 9, a motor 12 and a coil 13;
the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, the buffer tank 3, the fuel cell 6, the intercooler 7 and the air compressor 8 are sequentially connected through a conveying pipeline 4, a gas phase valve I2 is arranged on the conveying pipeline 4 between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the buffer tank 3, and a gas phase valve II 5 is arranged on the conveying pipeline 4 between the buffer tank 3 and the fuel cell 6;
the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the intercooler 7 are connected through two parallel conveying pipelines 4, one conveying pipeline 4 is provided with a liquid hydrogen pump 9, and the other conveying pipeline 4 is provided with a liquid phase valve 10; a coil 13 is arranged on the outer surface of the fuel cell 6 in a surrounding manner, the coil 13 is connected with the intercooler 7 through the conveying pipeline 4 and is communicated with the two conveying pipelines 4 connected between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the intercooler 7 in parallel, and the conveying pipeline 4 between the coil 13 and the intercooler 7 and the two conveying pipelines 4 connected between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the intercooler 7 in parallel form a liquid hydrogen pipeline; meanwhile, the coil 13 on the outer surface of the fuel cell 6 is connected with the buffer tank 3 through the conveying pipeline 4;
wherein, the shape of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 can be spherical or cylindrical or other traditional and special-shaped structures; the gas phase valve I2, the gas phase valve II 5 and the liquid phase valve 10 are all controlled by an external control system; the buffer tank 3 is used for storing the vaporized hydrogen; the coil 13 surrounding the outer surface of the fuel cell 6 is used for cooling the fuel cell 6; the air compressor 8 is used for compressing incoming air, the intercooler 7 is used for cooling the compressed air, and the cold energy of the compressed air is derived from the cold energy carried by a liquid hydrogen pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the intercooler 7; the liquid hydrogen pump 9 is used for regulating and controlling the flow of the liquid hydrogen flowing out from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1.
In this embodiment, the fuel cell 6 supplies electric power to the motor 12 through the power line 11, and further supplies power to other external systems or devices.
The working principle or method of the liquid hydrogen power system is as follows:
in an initial state (namely a state that the liquid hydrogen power system is not started to work), rated amount of liquid hydrogen is stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, hydrogen with certain volume and pressure is stored in the buffer tank 3, at the moment, the gas phase valve I2 and the liquid phase valve 10 are in a closed state, the gas phase valve II 5 is opened, and the hydrogen in the buffer tank 3 enters the fuel cell 6 through the conveying pipeline 4; meanwhile, the air compressor 8 starts to work, the compressed air is cooled through the intercooler 7 and then is sent to the fuel cell 6, and the fuel cell 6 starts to work and can provide electric energy for the motor 12;
after the fuel cell 6 starts to operate, the liquid hydrogen pump 9 starts to operate, and the liquid hydrogen with smaller flow (namely, the flow which meets the condition that the outlet temperature of the coil 13 is the ambient temperature) passes through the intercooler 7 and the coil 13 on the outer surface of the fuel cell 6, exchanging heat with the compressed air and the fuel cell 6, absorbing heat and vaporizing liquid hydrogen, then entering the buffer tank 3, and cooling the fuel cell 6; at this point, the liquid hydrogen power system finishes starting and starts working; wherein, the cooling capacity of the intercooler 7 is provided by the liquid hydrogen (i.e. the cooling capacity of the intercooler 7 is the cooling capacity carried by the liquid hydrogen entering the intercooler 7); the liquid hydrogen vaporization heat absorption process needs to absorb a large amount of heat, and the cooling of the fuel cell 6 needs a large amount of cold;
after the liquid hydrogen power system is started and starts to work, the fuel cell 6 continuously works to generate a large amount of heat, the flow of liquid hydrogen is regulated by the liquid hydrogen pump 9 to maintain the working temperature of the fuel cell 6 within a reasonable range (generally 25-90 ℃, preferably 70-85 ℃), hydrogen formed after vaporization of the liquid hydrogen in the coil 13 is stored in the buffer tank 3 in a large amount, when the pressure in the buffer tank 3 is greater than the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, the gas phase valve I2 and the liquid phase valve 10 are both opened, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is continuously squeezed out under the pressure generated by the hydrogen in the buffer tank 3, the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen can be controlled by adjusting the valve openings of the gas phase valve I2 and the liquid phase valve 10, and when the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 meets the condition that the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen is greater than or equal to the conveying flow of the liquid hydrogen pump 9, the liquid hydrogen pump 9 is closed, so that the energy consumption of the liquid hydrogen pump 9 is reduced, and the overall efficiency of the system is improved;
when the liquid hydrogen power system is ready to stop working, the liquid phase valve 10 and the gas phase valve II 5 are closed, the gas phase valve I2 is closed after the fuel cell 6 is ensured to be safely stopped, and the fuel cell 6 is prevented from being damaged due to overhigh or overlow temperature.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a liquid hydrogen power system capable of utilizing heat in a balanced manner and a method for utilizing heat in a balanced manner, which can effectively utilize the cold energy of liquid hydrogen to cool an engine, utilize the heat of the engine to vaporize the liquid hydrogen, replace the function of a traditional vaporizer, realize the balanced utilization of the heat in the system and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
As shown in fig. 2, the liquid hydrogen power system includes: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a buffer tank 3, an engine 14, an air compressor 8, a liquid hydrogen pump 9 and a coil 13;
the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, the buffer tank 3, the engine 14 and the air compressor 8 are sequentially connected through a conveying pipeline 4, a gas phase valve I2 is arranged on the conveying pipeline 4 between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the buffer tank 3, and a gas phase valve II 5 is arranged on the conveying pipeline 4 between the buffer tank 3 and the engine 14;
a coil 13 is arranged on the outer surface of the engine 14 in a surrounding manner, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the coil 13 are connected through two parallel conveying pipelines 4, one conveying pipeline 4 is provided with a liquid hydrogen pump 9, and the other conveying pipeline 4 is provided with a liquid phase valve 10; here, the two parallel transfer lines 4 constitute a liquid hydrogen line; meanwhile, the coil pipe 13 on the outer surface of the engine 14 is connected with the buffer tank 3 through the conveying pipeline 4;
wherein, the shape of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 can be spherical or cylindrical or other traditional and special-shaped structures; the gas phase valve I2, the gas phase valve II 5 and the liquid phase valve 10 are all controlled by an external control system; the buffer tank 3 is used for storing the vaporized hydrogen; the coil 13 surrounding the outer surface of the engine 14 can be used for cooling the engine 14; the air compressor 8 is used to compress the incoming air as a source of oxygen for the engine 14; the liquid hydrogen pump 9 can regulate the flow of the liquid hydrogen flowing out from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1; the engine 14 powers other external systems or devices, etc.
The working principle of the liquid hydrogen power system is as follows:
in an initial state (namely a state that the liquid hydrogen power system is not started to work), rated amount of liquid hydrogen is stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, hydrogen with certain volume and pressure is stored in the buffer tank 3, at the moment, the gas phase valve I2 and the liquid phase valve 10 are closed, the gas phase valve II 5 is opened, and the hydrogen in the buffer tank 3 enters the engine 14 through the conveying pipeline 4; meanwhile, the air compressor 8 starts to work, compressed air enters the engine 14, and the engine 14 starts to work, so that power is provided for other external systems or equipment and the like;
after the engine 14 starts to work, the liquid hydrogen pump 9 starts to work, liquid hydrogen with smaller flow (namely, the flow which meets the condition that the outlet temperature of the coil pipe 13 is the environment temperature) is subjected to heat exchange with the engine 14 through the coil pipe 13 on the outer surface of the engine 14, the liquid hydrogen absorbs heat and is vaporized and then enters the buffer tank 3, and meanwhile, the engine 14 is cooled; at this point, the liquid hydrogen power system finishes starting and starts working; wherein, the liquid hydrogen vaporization heat absorption process needs to absorb a large amount of heat, and the cooling of the engine 14 needs a large amount of cold;
after the liquid hydrogen power system is started and starts to work, the engine 14 continuously works to generate a large amount of heat, the flow of liquid hydrogen is regulated by the liquid hydrogen pump 9 to maintain the working temperature of the engine 14 within a preset range (namely, the engine 14 is cooled to the preset range to ensure that the engine 14 can stably run), along with the fact that hydrogen formed after vaporization of the liquid hydrogen in the coil 13 is stored in the buffer tank 3 in a large amount, when the pressure in the buffer tank 3 is larger than the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, the gas phase valve I2 and the liquid phase valve 10 are both opened, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is continuously squeezed out under the pressure generated by the hydrogen in the buffer tank 3, the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen can be controlled by adjusting the valve opening degrees of the gas phase valve I2 and the liquid phase valve 10, and when the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 meets the condition that the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen is larger than or equal to the delivery flow of the liquid hydrogen pump 9, the liquid hydrogen pump 9 is closed, so that the energy consumption of the liquid hydrogen pump 9 is reduced, and the overall efficiency of the system is improved;
when the liquid hydrogen power system is ready to stop working, the liquid phase valve 10 and the gas phase valve II 5 are closed, after the engine 14 is safely shut down, the gas phase valve I2 is closed, and damage to the engine 14 caused by overhigh or overlow temperature is avoided.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A liquid hydrogen power system for balanced utilization of heat, comprising: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), a buffer tank (3), a fuel cell (6), an intercooler (7), an air compressor (8), a liquid hydrogen pump (9) and a coil (13);
the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), the buffer tank (3), the fuel cell (6), the intercooler (7) and the air compressor (8) are sequentially connected through a conveying pipeline (4), a gas phase valve I (2) is arranged on the conveying pipeline (4) between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the buffer tank (3), and a gas phase valve II (5) is arranged on the conveying pipeline (4) between the buffer tank (3) and the fuel cell (6);
the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the intercooler (7) are connected through two parallel conveying pipelines (4), one conveying pipeline (4) is provided with a liquid hydrogen pump (9), and the other conveying pipeline (4) is provided with a liquid phase valve (10); a coil (13) is wound on the outer surface of the fuel cell (6) and is connected with an intercooler (7) through a conveying pipeline (4); meanwhile, the coil (13) on the outer surface of the fuel cell (6) is connected with the buffer tank (3) through a conveying pipeline (4).
2. A liquid hydrogen power system for balanced utilization of heat, comprising: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), a buffer tank (3), an engine (14), an air compressor (8), a liquid hydrogen pump (9) and a coil pipe (13);
the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), the buffer tank (3), the engine (14) and the air compressor (8) are sequentially connected through a conveying pipeline (4), a gas phase valve I (2) is arranged on the conveying pipeline (4) between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the buffer tank (3), and a gas phase valve II (5) is arranged on the conveying pipeline (4) between the buffer tank (3) and the engine (14);
a coil pipe (13) is arranged on the outer surface of the engine (14) in a surrounding mode, the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is connected with the coil pipe (13) through two parallel conveying pipelines (4), one conveying pipeline (4) is provided with a liquid hydrogen pump (9), and the other conveying pipeline (4) is provided with a liquid phase valve (10); meanwhile, the coil pipe (13) on the outer surface of the engine (14) is connected with the buffer tank (3) through the conveying pipeline (4).
3. The liquid hydrogen power system with balanced utilization of heat according to claim 1 or 2, the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is characterized by being spherical or cylindrical in shape.
4. A method of balancing heat for a liquid hydrogen power system using heat according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: rated amount of liquid hydrogen is stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), hydrogen with certain volume and pressure is stored in the buffer tank (3), at the moment, the gas phase valve I (2) and the liquid phase valve (10) are closed, the gas phase valve II (5) is opened, and the hydrogen in the buffer tank (3) enters the fuel cell (6); meanwhile, the air compressor (8) starts to work, and the compressed air is cooled through the intercooler (7) and then is sent to the fuel cell (6);
step two: the liquid hydrogen pump (9) starts to work, the liquid hydrogen exchanges heat with the compressed air and the fuel cell (6) through the intercooler (7) and the coil (13), the liquid hydrogen enters the buffer tank (3) after absorbing heat and vaporizing, and the fuel cell (6) is cooled at the same time;
step three: the fuel cell (6) continuously works to generate heat, the flow of liquid hydrogen is regulated through the liquid hydrogen pump (9) to maintain the working temperature of the fuel cell (6), when the pressure of hydrogen formed after the liquid hydrogen in the coil (13) is vaporized is greater than the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), the gas phase valve I (2) and the liquid phase valve (10) are both opened, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is continuously extruded under the action of the pressure of the hydrogen, the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen is controlled by adjusting the valve opening degree of the gas phase valve I (2) and the valve opening degree of the liquid phase valve (10), and when the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) meets the condition that the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen is greater than or equal to the conveying flow of the liquid hydrogen pump (9), the liquid hydrogen pump (9) is closed;
step four: when the liquid hydrogen power system is ready to stop working, the liquid phase valve (10) and the gas phase valve II (5) are closed, and the gas phase valve I (2) is closed after the fuel cell (6) is stopped.
5. A heat balance utilization method for a liquid hydrogen power system for balancing utilization of heat, which uses the liquid hydrogen power system according to claim 2, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: rated amount of liquid hydrogen is stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), hydrogen with certain volume and pressure is stored in the buffer tank (3), at the moment, the gas phase valve I (2) and the liquid phase valve (10) are closed, the gas phase valve II (5) is opened, and the hydrogen in the buffer tank (3) enters the engine (14); simultaneously, the air compressor (8) starts to work, compressed air enters the engine (14), and the engine (14) starts to work;
step two: the liquid hydrogen pump (9) starts to work, liquid hydrogen exchanges heat with the engine (14) through the coil (13), enters the buffer tank (3) after absorbing heat and vaporizing, and cools the engine (14) at the same time;
step three: the engine (14) continuously works to generate heat, the flow of liquid hydrogen is adjusted through the liquid hydrogen pump (9) to maintain the working temperature of the engine (14), when the pressure of hydrogen formed after the liquid hydrogen in the coil (13) is vaporized is greater than the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), the gas phase valve I (2) and the liquid phase valve (10) are both opened, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is continuously extruded under the action of the pressure of the hydrogen gas, the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen is controlled by adjusting the valve opening of the gas phase valve I (2) and the liquid phase valve (10), and when the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) meets the condition that the outflow flow of the liquid hydrogen is greater than or equal to the conveying flow of the liquid hydrogen pump (9), the liquid hydrogen pump (9) is closed;
step four: when the liquid hydrogen power system is ready to stop working, the liquid phase valve (10) and the gas phase valve II (5) are closed, and the gas phase valve I (2) is closed after the engine (14) is stopped.
CN202210853784.7A 2022-07-12 2022-07-12 Liquid hydrogen power system capable of utilizing heat in balance and heat utilization method thereof Pending CN115360379A (en)

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