CN115358115A - Temperature field analysis method based on actually measured welding temperature field and combined with finite element - Google Patents
Temperature field analysis method based on actually measured welding temperature field and combined with finite element Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a temperature field analysis method based on a measured welding temperature field and combined with finite elements, which comprises the following steps: setting a temperature detection point on the surface of a weldment; arranging the actual temperature field of each temperature detection point into a number and time form; establishing a weldment model identical to the weldment in finite element analysis software, and defining thermodynamic material parameters of the weldment model as a temperature form; solving a simulated temperature field of the surface of the weldment model by using a finite element analysis element; comparing the simulated temperature field with the actual temperature field, and if the temperature difference between the simulated temperature field and the actual temperature field does not exceed a preset value at the same moment, proving that the simulated temperature field is effective; and if the temperature difference between the two is greater than the preset value at the same moment, adjusting the output thermal efficiency in the heat source formula, and adjusting the thermodynamic material parameters of the weldment model at the same time until the temperature difference between the two does not exceed the preset value at the same moment. The method can accurately simulate the complex welding process and the whole process temperature field change condition of the complex welding component.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of welding temperature field analysis, in particular to a temperature field analysis method based on an actually measured welding temperature field and combined with finite elements.
Background
The existing analysis method of the welding temperature field simplifies the actual situation too much, so that the temperature field only accords with the actual situation at a plurality of points, and the change situation of the whole welding temperature field is difficult to evaluate. For example, the following are several simplified cases: the acquired temperature field is only the temperature value of a certain point in a certain time period; greatly simplifying the welding process of the welding beads in finite element modeling, and even combining a plurality of layers of welding beads into one layer of welding bead for modeling without considering the welding direction of each layer of welding bead; the heat source subprogram parameters are simplified, wherein the current voltage is applied according to a certain value, and the change of the current voltage and the current voltage with respect to time is ignored.
The existing temperature field analysis method is relatively suitable for welding modes of simple components, such as the welding mode of a flat butt joint and the welding mode of a flat T-shaped joint, but for some welding conditions of complex structures, such as the welding mode of an intersecting joint, the corresponding temperature field change condition is difficult to obtain by using a traditional method, so that the subsequent residual stress analysis is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The application mainly aims to provide a temperature field analysis method based on an actually measured welding temperature field and combined with a finite element, which can accurately simulate the overall process temperature field change condition of a complex welding process and a complex welding component.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a temperature field analysis method based on a measured welding temperature field in combination with finite elements, comprising:
step S1: setting temperature detection points on the surface of a weldment, numbering the temperature detection points on the weldment, and sequentially marking the temperature detection points as an integer n, wherein n is more than or equal to 1;
step S2: welding the weldment, and detecting the actual temperature field T of each temperature detection point 0 (N, t) are arranged in the form of a number N and a time t, and the welding direction M (t), the number N (t) of welding layers, the welding current A (t) and the welding voltage V (t) in the welding process are all arranged in the form of the time t;
and step S3: establishing a weldment model identical to the weldment in finite element analysis software, and defining thermodynamic material parameters of the weldment model as a temperature T form in the finite element analysis software;
and step S4: composing said welding current A (t), said welding voltage V (t) and said welding direction M (t) in relation to said weldmentA heat source formula, and solving the simulated temperature field T of the surface of the weldment model by using the finite element analysis element 1 （x，y，z，t）；
Step S5: at the simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, T) finding out the actual temperature field T corresponding to the detection point according to the x, y, z coordinates 0 (n, T) comparing the simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, T) and the actual temperature field T 0 (n, T) if the temperature difference between the two does not exceed a predetermined value at the same time, proving said simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, t) is valid; if at the same time the simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, T) and the actual temperature field T 0 (n, T) the temperature difference is greater than the predetermined value, adjusting the output thermal efficiency in the heat source formula to control the temperature, and adjusting the thermodynamic material parameters of the weldment model in the finite element analysis software to control the rate of temperature change until the simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, T) with the temperature field T 0 (n, t) the temperature difference at the same time does not exceed the predetermined value.
Further, in the step S1, the temperature detection points are three rows, the three rows of temperature detection points are all parallel to the welded seam, the three rows of temperature detection points are sequentially arranged at intervals along a direction away from the welded seam, and each row of temperature detection points includes a plurality of temperature detection points arranged at intervals.
Further, the three rows of temperature detection points comprise a first row of temperature detection points, a second row of temperature detection points and a third row of temperature detection points,
the distance between the first row of temperature detection points and the welding line on the weldment is 3cm to 5cm;
the distance between the second row of temperature detection points and the welding line on the weldment is 6cm to 8cm;
and the distance between the second row of temperature detection points and the welding line on the weldment is 9cm to 11cm.
Further, in the step S3, the thermodynamic material parameters include conductivity, specific heat, heat exchange coefficient, and thermal emissivity.
Further, in the step S3, when the weldment model is established in the finite element analysis software, the model of the weld area on the weldment model establishes and activates the living and dead unit according to the welding direction M (t) and the number N (t) of welding layers of actual welding.
Further, the activation direction of the living and dead units is consistent with the welding direction M (t), and the activation sequence and the activation time of the living and dead units are determined according to the welding layer number N (t).
Further, when the life and death units are activated, the life and death units with small layer number are activated firstly, the life and death units with large layer number are activated later, and the activation time of each life and death unit corresponds to the welding start time of each layer one to one.
Further, in step S4, the heat source formula is written by using a moving heat source subroutine.
Further, the moving manner of the moving heat source subroutine coincides with the welding direction M (t).
Further, the predetermined value is 10 ℃.
By applying the technical scheme, the temperature field analysis method based on the actually measured welding temperature field and combined with the finite element obtains the change condition of the whole process temperature field of the weldment through the temperature acquisition instrument, arranges the temperature field into a space and time form, arranges the recorded welding sequence, the number of welding layers, the welding current and the welding voltage into a time form, substitutes the time form into finite element analysis software to carry out a moving heat source method to obtain a transient temperature field, compares the two temperature fields, and can prove that the numerical simulation temperature field is effective if the difference is not large. That is, the temperature field of the actual weldment can be acquired by the temperature acquisition instrument, the actual temperature field is approximated by a finite element numerical simulation method, and the temperature field distribution rule of the weldment with different structural forms under different welding methods is researched by a finite element analysis software simulation method.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a coherent joint weldment disclosed in embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a coherent joint weldment disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for analyzing a temperature field based on a measured weld temperature field in combination with finite elements as disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. welding parts; 11. welding; 12. and (6) detecting the temperature.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be discussed further in subsequent figures.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a temperature field analysis method based on a measured welding temperature field and combined with finite elements, hereinafter referred to as a temperature field analysis method, is provided, the temperature field analysis method includes five steps, and each step of the temperature field analysis method will be described in detail below.
Step S1: temperature detection points 12 are arranged on the surface of the weldment 10, the temperature detection points 12 on the weldment 10 are numbered and are sequentially marked as an integer n, wherein n is more than or equal to 1.
In this step, three rows of temperature detection parts 12 are arranged on the surface of the weldment 10, the three rows of temperature detection points 12 are all parallel to the welded seam 11, the three rows of temperature detection points 12 are arranged at intervals in sequence along the direction away from the welded seam 11 on the weldment 10, and each row of temperature detection points 12 comprises a plurality of temperature detection points 12 arranged at intervals, so that the temperature field change condition near the welded seam 11 can be detected to the maximum extent.
Specifically, in order to detect the temperature at the temperature detection point 12, the surface of the weldment 10 is provided with a temperature detection element, which is electrically connected to the temperature collector, so as to transfer the temperature collected by the temperature detection element to the temperature collector. Alternatively, the temperature detection element described in this embodiment may be, for example, a temperature sensor.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the three rows of temperature detection points 12 described in this embodiment include a first row of temperature detection points 12, a second row of temperature detection points 12, and a third row of temperature detection points 12, and in fig. 1 and 2, the first row of temperature detection points 12, the second row of temperature detection points 12, and the third row of temperature detection points 12 are sequentially disposed at intervals along a direction away from the weld 11. Wherein, the distance a from the first row of temperature detection points 12 to the welding seam 11 is 3cm to 5cm, such as 3cm, 4cm, 5cm and the like; the distance b from the second row of temperature detection points 12 to the weld 11 is 6cm to 8cm, such as 7cm, or 8cm; the distance between the second row of temperature detection points 12 and the c weld 11 is 9cm to 11cm, such as 9cm, 10cm or 11cm, and the distance between two adjacent temperature detection points 12 in the same row of temperature detection points 12 is 5cm to 10cm, such as 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm or 10cm. With this arrangement, the temperature field change in the vicinity of the weld 11 can be detected to the maximum extent.
Step S2: welding the welding part 10, and detecting the actual temperature field T of each temperature detection point 12 0 (N, t) are arranged in the form of number N and time t, and the welding direction M (t), the number of welding layers N (t), the welding current a (t), and the welding voltage V (t) during welding are all arranged in the form of time t.
Specifically, the temperature detection points 12 are numbered in the form of integers 1, 2, 3, 4 … ….
The temperature field T of each detection point acquired by the temperature acquisition instrument 0 (n, t) is arranged in the form of a number n and a time t.
T 0 （n，t）=
When the welding direction M (t), the number of welding layers N (t), the welding current a (t) and the welding voltage V (t) are all arranged in a form with respect to time t:
M(t)=
N(t)=
A(t)=
V(t)=
and step S3: the same weldment model as weldment 10 is built in finite element analysis software, while the thermodynamic material parameters of the weldment model are defined in the form of temperature T in the finite element analysis software.
When a weldment model identical to the weldment 10 is established in the finite element analysis software, the bevel angle and the weld interval of the model weldment are strictly consistent with the dimensions of the actual weldment 10, except that the basic dimensions of the weldment model are identical to those of the actual weldment 10.
Alternatively, the thermodynamic material parameters described herein include conductivity, specific heat, heat transfer coefficient, and thermal emissivity. Since the thermodynamic material parameters of the actual weldment 10 change with the change of temperature, the analysis accuracy of the temperature field analysis method in the present application can be improved by defining the thermodynamic material parameters of the weldment model as the form of the temperature T in the finite element analysis software.
When a weldment model is established in finite element analysis software, the model of a welding seam area on the weldment model is used for establishing and activating a life and death unit according to the welding direction M (t) and the number N (t) of welding layers of actual welding.
The activation direction of the live and dead units is consistent with the welding direction M (t), and the activation sequence and time of the live and dead units are determined according to the number N (t) of welding layers. When the life and death units are activated, the activation is carried out firstly when the layer number is small, the activation is carried out after the layer number is large, and the activation time of the life and death units on each layer corresponds to the welding starting time of each layer one to one.
And step S4: a heat source formula about the welding current A (T), the welding voltage V (T) and the welding direction M (T) of the weldment 10 is written, and a simulated temperature field T of the surface of the weldment model is solved by utilizing finite element analysis elements 1 （x，y，z，t）。
In this step, the heat source formula is compiled using a moving heat source subroutine. The moving heat source of the moving heat source subroutine has a moving manner corresponding to the welding direction M (t).
Step S5: in a simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, T), finding out the actual temperature field T of the corresponding detection point according to the x, y, z coordinates 0 (n, T), comparing the simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, T) and the actual temperature field T 0 (n, T) if the temperature difference between the two does not exceed a predetermined value at the same time, proving the simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, t) is valid; if the temperature difference between the two is larger than the preset value at the same time, the output thermal efficiency in the heat source formula is adjusted to control the temperature, and meanwhile, the thermodynamic material parameters (heat exchange coefficient) of the weldment model are adjusted in finite element analysis software to control the temperature change rate until the temperature field T is simulated 1 (x, y, z, T) and the temperature field T 0 (n, t) the temperature difference at the same time does not exceed a predetermined value. Optionally, the predetermined value is 10 ℃. Therefore, the temperature field change condition of the complex welding process and the overall process of the complex welding component can be accurately simulated.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects: the invention relates to a temperature field analysis method based on an actually measured welding temperature field and combined with a finite element, which obtains the change condition of the whole process temperature field of a weldment through a temperature acquisition instrument, arranges the temperature field into a space and time form, arranges the recorded welding sequence, the number of welding layers, the welding current and the welding voltage into a time form, substitutes the time form into finite element analysis software to carry out a moving heat source method to obtain a transient temperature field, compares the two temperature fields, if the difference is not large, the numerical simulation temperature field can be proved to be effective, if the difference is large, the parameters of the moving heat source and the heat exchange coefficient of a base material can be properly adjusted to approach the actually measured temperature field until the errors of the two temperature fields are within an allowable range, and the adjusted numerical simulation temperature field is also accurate and effective. The temperature field of an actual weldment is obtained by adopting a temperature acquisition instrument, the actual temperature field is approximated by a finite element numerical simulation method, and then the temperature field distribution rule of weldments with different structural forms under different welding methods is researched by a finite element analysis software simulation method.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above … …", "above … …", "above … … upper surface", "above", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of one device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of protection of the present application is not to be construed as being limited.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A temperature field analysis method based on a measured welding temperature field and combined with finite elements is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: arranging temperature detection points (12) on the surface of a weldment (10), numbering the temperature detection points (12) on the weldment (10), and sequentially marking the temperature detection points as an integer n, wherein n is more than or equal to 1;
step S2: welding the weldment (10) and detecting the actual temperature field T of each temperature detection point (12) 0 (N, t) are arranged in the form of a number N and a time t, and the welding direction M (t), the number N (t) of welding layers, the welding current A (t) and the welding voltage V (t) in the welding process are all arranged in the form of the time t;
and step S3: establishing a weldment model identical to the weldment (10) in finite element analysis software, while defining thermodynamic material parameters of the weldment model in the form of a temperature T in the finite element analysis software;
and step S4: writing a heat source formula for the welding current A (T), the welding voltage V (T) and the welding direction M (T) of the weldment (10) and solving a simulated temperature field T of the weldment model surface using the finite element analysis elements 1 （x，y，z，t）；
Step S5: at the simulated temperature field T 1 In (x, y, z, T), finding out the actual temperature field T corresponding to the temperature detection point according to the x, y, z coordinates 0 (n, T) comparing the simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, T) and the actual temperature field T 0 (n, T) if the temperature difference between the two does not exceed a predetermined value at the same time, proving said simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, t) is valid; if at the same time the simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, T) and the actual temperature field T 0 (n, T) the temperature difference is greater than the predetermined value, adjusting the output thermal efficiency in the heat source formula to control the temperature, and adjusting the thermodynamic material parameters of the weldment model in the finite element analysis software to control the rate of temperature change until the simulated temperature field T 1 (x, y, z, T) with the temperature field T 0 (n, t) the temperature difference at the same time does not exceed said predetermined value;
in the step S1, the number of the temperature detection points (12) is three, the three temperature detection points (12) are all parallel to the welded welding seam (11), the three temperature detection points (12) are sequentially arranged at intervals along the direction far away from the welding seam (11), and each temperature detection point (12) comprises a plurality of temperature detection points (12) which are arranged at intervals.
2. Method for analyzing a temperature field based on a measured welding temperature field in combination with finite elements according to claim 1, characterised in that three rows of temperature detection points (12) comprise a first row of temperature detection points (12), a second row of temperature detection points (12) and a third row of temperature detection points (12),
wherein the distance between the first row of temperature detection points (12) and the welding seam (11) on the weldment (10) is 3cm to 5cm;
the distance between the second row of temperature detection points (12) and the welding line (11) on the weldment (10) is 6 cm-8 cm;
the distance between the second row of temperature detection points (12) and the welding line (11) on the weldment (10) is 9cm to 11cm;
the distance between two adjacent temperature detection points (12) on each row of temperature detection points (12) is 5 cm-10 cm.
3. A method of temperature field analysis based on a measured weld temperature field in combination with finite elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3 the thermodynamic material parameters include conductivity, specific heat, heat transfer coefficient and thermal emissivity.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, when the weldment model is created in the finite element analysis software, the model of the weld zone on the weldment model is created and activated according to the welding direction M (t) and the number of welding layers N (t) of the actual welding.
5. A method of temperature field analysis based on a measured welding temperature field combined with finite elements as claimed in claim 4, wherein the activation direction of the living and dead cells is consistent with the welding direction M (t), and the activation sequence and time of the living and dead cells are determined according to the number of welding layers N (t).
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the activation of the living and dead cells is performed first with a small number of layers and then with a large number of layers, and wherein the activation time of the living and dead cells in each layer corresponds to the welding start time of each layer.
7. A method for analyzing a temperature field based on a measured weld temperature field in combination with finite elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the heat source formula is written using a moving heat source subroutine.
8. A method of temperature field analysis based on a measured weld temperature field in combination with finite elements according to claim 7, wherein the moving heat source of the moving heat source subroutine moves in a manner consistent with the weld direction M (t).
9. A method of temperature field analysis based on a measured weld temperature field in combination with finite elements according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the predetermined value is 10 ℃.
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