CN115355531A

CN115355531A - Head structure of hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of semi-runway type jet hole

Info

Publication number: CN115355531A
Application number: CN202210969304.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 莫妲; 马宏宇; 刘一雄
Original assignee: AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute
Current assignee: AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute
Priority date: 2022-08-12
Filing date: 2022-08-12
Publication date: 2022-11-18
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-12
Also published as: CN115355531B

Abstract

The application provides a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber head structure of runway type jet hole belongs to aeroengine structural design technical field, and this hydrogen fuel combustion chamber head structure includes: the device comprises a flow guide disc, a flow guide plate and a flow guide plate, wherein one side of the flow guide disc is an air inlet end face, the other side of the flow guide disc is an air outlet end face, and at least one annular mixing groove is formed in the air outlet end face of the flow guide disc; hydrogen guide plates are formed on two radial sides of the mixing tank; a non-through hydrogen injection channel extending along the axis is arranged on the hydrogen guide plate from the air inlet end face to the air outlet end face, a plurality of hydrogen jet holes which are circumferentially distributed and radially extend are arranged at the tail end, close to the air outlet end face, of the hydrogen injection channel, and the hydrogen jet holes are communicated with the mixing tank and the hydrogen injection channel; and a semi-runway type air jet hole is arranged at the position, matched with the hydrogen jet hole, on the flow guide disc, and the air jet hole penetrates through the two sides of the flow guide disc to communicate the air inlet end face with the mixing groove.

Description

Head structure of hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of semi-runway type jet hole

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of gas turbine design, and particularly relates to a head structure of a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of a semi-runway type jet hole.

Background

The traditional aviation engine combustion chamber adopting aviation kerosene has the defects that the carbon content in aviation kerosene molecules is high, the carbon emission of the combustion chamber is relatively high, and decarburization emission cannot be realized. Although a combustion organization mode with low NOx emission can be adopted, high-efficiency combustion cannot be realized within a short axial distance due to the slow combustion rate of aviation kerosene, so that the cooling gas quantity required by a combustion chamber is large, and the NOx in a main combustion zone is difficult to reduce through a lean oil design. Meanwhile, the axial size of the combustion chamber is long, so that the gas residence time is prolonged, the emission of NOx is increased, and the weight of the combustion chamber is heavy.

The hydrogen fuel has advantages due to components, when the hydrogen is combusted, the product is water or water vapor, and zero carbon emission can be thoroughly realized. Compared with aviation kerosene, the stable combustion range of hydrogen is wider, the hydrogen can be combusted under the condition of insufficient mixing with air, and the stable working boundary of an engine is greatly widened. Meanwhile, the fuel calorific value of the hydrogen is about 3 times that of the aviation kerosene, and the required hydrogen is obviously reduced when the same air quantity is consumed.

Therefore, the hydrogen fuel has wide prospect for replacing aviation kerosene. For this reason, a new configuration of combustor head structure that can realize hydrogen fuel combustion, which determines the combustion organization, combustion efficiency and pollutant emissions, is required.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present application to provide a head structure of a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of a half-race type jet hole to solve or alleviate at least one of the problems of the background art.

The technical scheme of the application is as follows: a head structure of a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of a half-runner type jet hole, comprising:

the device comprises a flow guide disc, a flow guide plate and a flow guide plate, wherein one side of the flow guide disc is an air inlet end face, the other side of the flow guide disc is an air outlet end face, and at least one annular mixing groove is formed in the air outlet end face of the flow guide disc;

hydrogen guide plates are formed on two radial sides of the mixing tank;

a non-through hydrogen injection channel extending along the axis is arranged on the hydrogen guide plate from the air inlet end face to the air outlet end face, a plurality of hydrogen jet holes which are circumferentially distributed and radially extend are arranged at the tail end, close to the air outlet end face, of the hydrogen injection channel, and the hydrogen jet holes are communicated with the mixing tank and the hydrogen injection channel;

match on the flow guide plate in the position of hydrogen jet hole is equipped with the air jet hole, the air jet hole runs through the both sides of flow guide plate and intercommunication inlet end face and blending groove, wherein, the air jet hole is the half runway type, the half runway type that the rectangle constitutes for two semicircles and the formation after the central line symmetrical segmentation of perpendicular two semicircle centre of a circle line.

Further, the number of the blending grooves is two or more.

Furthermore, the number of the hydrogen guide support plates is one, and N is the number of the mixing grooves.

Furthermore, the number of the hydrogen jet holes arranged on the side wall surface of the mixing tank is the same.

Further, the diameter of the air jet hole is larger than that of the hydrogen jet hole, so that the hydrogen jet hole can cover the hydrogen jet hole.

Furthermore, the radius line of the hydrogen jet hole pointing to the circle center is collinear with the radius line of the air jet hole pointing to the circle center.

Further, the diameter edge of the air jet hole is collinear with the wall profile of the mixing tank.

Further, the head structure of the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber is processed into an integral structure through an additive manufacturing mode.

The head structure of the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of the semi-runway type jet hole enables air and hydrogen to be well mixed, the flame size is small, the flame temperature is low and the NOx emission is remarkably reduced by a non-premixed lean oil combustion organization mode forming multi-jet layout. Meanwhile, because the combustion product is hydrogen and the emission of carbon dioxide is zero, the combustion is extremely low in pollution. In addition, because the hydrogen combustion rate is high, the high-efficiency combustion can be realized in a short range, the flame residence time is short, and the size of the combustion chamber with the combustion chamber head structure in the axial direction can be greatly shortened, so that the weight of the combustion chamber can be reduced, the flying oil consumption of the engine can be reduced, the lean flameout boundary of the combustion chamber can be widened based on the characteristic of wide combustion adaptability of the hydrogen, and the wider working range of the engine can be realized.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions provided in the present application, the drawings will be briefly described below. It is to be expressly understood that the drawings described below are only illustrative of some embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a hydrogen-fueled combustion chamber head according to the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view based on the P-direction viewing angle in fig. 1.

Reference numerals:

10-flow guiding disc

11-inlet end face

12-exhaust end face

13-air jet hole

14-hydrogen injection channel

15-hydrogen jet hole

16-mixing tank

17-center channel

18-hydrogen backflow plate

Detailed Description

In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hydrogen fuel combustor head structure of the semi-raceway type jet hole provided in the present application has an annular diaphragm 10 as a main body, and a large central passage 17 is formed in the center of the diaphragm 10 in the axial direction.

The left end face of the flow guide disc 10 is an air inlet end face 11, and the right end face of the flow guide disc 10 is an air outlet end face 12. At least one annular mixing groove 16 is arranged on the exhaust end face 12 of the deflector plate 10. In the preferred embodiment illustrated in the present application, the number of the annular blending grooves 16 is two or more, and by providing two or more blending grooves 16, not only can a swirling flow be formed in the blending groove 16, but also a secondary swirling flow can be formed between two adjacent blending grooves 16, thereby improving the blending capability.

N +1 hydrogen guide plates 18 are formed on the guide plate 10 on the radially inner and outer sides of the mixing groove 16, where N is the number of the mixing grooves 16. For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, there are two blending slots 16 and three hydrogen flow deflectors 18.

A non-penetrating annular hydrogen injection passage 14 is arranged along the hydrogen guide plate 18 (or the axial direction of the guide plate 10) from the air inlet end face 11 to the air outlet end face 12 of the guide plate 10. At the end (the side close to the exhaust end face 12) of the hydrogen injection channel 14, a plurality of circumferentially distributed hydrogen jet holes 15 are arranged along the radial direction from both side wall faces of the blending slot 16, and the hydrogen jet holes 15 communicate the blending slot 16 and the hydrogen injection channel 14.

In the preferred embodiment of the present application, the number of the hydrogen jet holes 15 provided on the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the dilution tank 16 is the same. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the two dilution grooves 16 have four wall surfaces in total, and although the radii of the four wall surfaces are different, the number of the hydrogen gas ejection holes 15 provided in the four wall surfaces is the same, and is 20 in each case.

A plurality of air jet holes 13 of a half-track type (a track type is formed by a semicircle and a rectangle, and the half-track type is a part formed by symmetrically dividing the track type by a central line perpendicular to a connecting line of the centers of the semicircles) are arranged on the baffle plate 10 at positions matched with the hydrogen jet holes 15, and the air jet holes 13 penetrate through two sides of the baffle plate 10 to communicate the air inlet end surface 11 with the mixing groove 16. Wherein, the width of the air jet hole 13 is far larger than the diameter of the hydrogen jet hole 15, so that the hydrogen jet hole 15 can cover the hydrogen jet hole 15. The radius line of the hydrogen jet hole 15 pointing to the center of the circle is collinear with the line of the air jet hole 13 pointing to the center of the circle, and the segmentation edge of the air jet hole 13 (the edge passes through the center of the circle) is collinear with the wall profile of the blending tank 16.

In some embodiments of the present application, the head structure of the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber may be processed into an integrated structure by an additive manufacturing method, so as to solve the problems of more hydrogen jet holes 15 and complicated hydrogen or air flow paths.

When the device is used, the main flow air Q1 flows into the air jet holes 13 from one side of the air inlet end surface 11 of the flow guide disc 10 along the horizontal direction or the axial direction, the hydrogen Q2 flows into the hydrogen injection channel 14 from one side of the air inlet end surface 11 of the flow guide disc 10 along the horizontal direction or the axial direction, the hydrogen vertically flows into the blending tank 16 through the hydrogen jet holes 15 distributed in the circumferential direction and is fully mixed with the main flow air Q1 flowing in the air jet holes 13, and a pair of backflow zones (called as inner backflow zones) are generated at the outlets of each pair of air jet holes 15 in the blending tank 16 and are used for retaining micro flame groups and stabilizing flames. Meanwhile, a pair of backflow zones, namely outer backflow zones, are formed on the surface of the hydrogen guide plate 18 between two adjacent blending grooves 16, and the flame can be further stabilized. Through the multipoint jet flow layout mode, air and hydrogen are fully mixed, the combustion efficiency is high, the flame size is short, and the NOx emission is greatly reduced. In addition, because the combustion rate of the hydrogen is high, the length of the flame tube is shorter, and the saved cooling gas can be used for lean mixed combustion at the head of the combustion chamber, so that the emission of NOx is further reduced.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A head structure of a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of a half-runner type jet hole, characterized by comprising:

the device comprises a flow guide disc (10), wherein one side of the flow guide disc (10) is an air inlet end face (11), the other side of the flow guide disc is an air outlet end face (12), and at least one annular mixing groove (16) is formed in the air outlet end face (12) of the flow guide disc (10);

hydrogen guide plates (18) are formed on two radial sides of the mixing tank (16);

a non-through hydrogen injection channel (14) extending along the axis is arranged on the hydrogen guide plate (18) from the air inlet end face (11) to the air outlet end face (12), a plurality of circumferentially distributed and radially extending hydrogen jet holes (15) are arranged at the tail end, close to the air outlet end face (12), of the hydrogen injection channel (14), and the hydrogen jet holes (15) are communicated with the blending groove (16) and the hydrogen injection channel (14);

match in on flow guide disc (10) the position of hydrogen jet hole (15) is equipped with air jet hole (13), air jet hole (13) run through the both sides of flow guide disc (10) and intercommunication inlet end face (11) and blend tank (16), wherein, air jet hole (13) are the half runway type, the half runway type that constitutes for two semicircles and rectangle forms after cutting apart with the central line symmetry of perpendicular two semicircle heart lines.

2. The head structure of a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber for a half-runner type jet hole according to claim 1, wherein the number of the dilution grooves (16) is two or more.

3. The head structure of a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber with a semi-raceway type jet hole according to claim 1, wherein the number of the hydrogen gas guide plates (18) is (N + 1), and N is the number of the mixing grooves (16).

4. The head structure of a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber for a jet hole of a semi-raceway type according to claim 1, wherein the number of the hydrogen jet holes (15) provided in the side wall surface of the dilution tank (16) is the same.

5. The head structure of a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of a jet hole of a semi-raceway type according to claim 4, wherein a width of the air jet hole (13) is larger than a diameter of the hydrogen jet hole (15) so that the hydrogen jet hole (15) can cover the hydrogen jet hole (15).

6. The head structure of a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of a half-runner type jet hole as set forth in claim 5, wherein a radius line of the hydrogen jet hole (15) directed to the center of the circle is collinear with a line of the air jet hole (13) directed to the center of the circle.

7. A head structure of a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of a half-runner type jet hole as set forth in claim 6, wherein a dividing edge of said air jet hole (13) is collinear with a wall surface profile of said dilution groove (16).

8. The head structure of a hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of a half-runner type jet hole as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the head structure of the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber is processed into an integral structure by additive manufacturing.