CN115347974A - Multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system - Google Patents
Multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115347974A CN115347974A CN202110517887.1A CN202110517887A CN115347974A CN 115347974 A CN115347974 A CN 115347974A CN 202110517887 A CN202110517887 A CN 202110517887A CN 115347974 A CN115347974 A CN 115347974A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0215—Architecture aspects
- H04J14/0216—Bidirectional architectures
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of communication, and provides a multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system which comprises two terminal devices connected through a single fiber; the terminal equipment is at least provided with four optical modules and wavelength division multiplexers and demultiplexers, optical signal transmitting ends of the optical modules are all connected with the wavelength division multiplexers, and optical signal receiving ends of the optical modules are all connected with the demultiplexers; the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are different, and the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are arranged at intervals. According to the multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system, the terminal equipment which is connected with each other is arranged at the two communication nodes, the optical modules which are arranged among the four wavelengths are arranged in the terminal equipment, and the optical modules can realize high-speed and long-distance transmission, so that the multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional optical communication of 20KM is realized under the condition that the existing optical fiber communication line is not modified.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system.
Background
With the development of the internet and data centers, under the condition that the requirement on transmission bandwidth is higher and higher, the optical module is required to have a certain transmission rate and transmission distance. However, the existing single-wavelength optical module has a limited transmission rate, relatively small inter-symbol interference, relatively small dispersion cost, and low requirement on wavelength, and when the transmission rate is required to be relatively high, for example, the LWDM4 optical module and the LWDM4 optical module use four wavelengths of laser light to synthesize an optical signal with a transmission rate of 100G, so that four lasers and corresponding transceiver devices are required, and the cost is relatively high.
On the basis, when optical communication of multiple wavelengths is required, a plurality of LWDM4 optical modules need to be arranged, the number of devices is further increased, and more communication optical fibers need to be arranged. Or, a technical scheme of DWDM (Dense Wavelength Multiplexing, dense optical Wavelength Multiplexing) and EDFA (erbium-doped fiber amplifier) with a longer distance is adopted to implement multi-Wavelength optical communication, however, the technical scheme of DWDM and EDFA also requires more communication fibers to be arranged, and since the existing optical communication system has already completed wiring and then performs another wiring project, it is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the normal operation of the existing communication system is seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to provide a communication system meeting the long-distance transmission of 20KM without modifying the existing optical fiber communication line, the embodiment of the application provides a multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system.
A multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system comprises two terminal devices connected through a single fiber;
the terminal equipment is at least provided with four optical modules, a wavelength division multiplexer and a demultiplexer, wherein optical signal transmitting ends of the four optical modules are all connected with the wavelength division multiplexer, and optical signal receiving ends of the four optical modules are all connected with the demultiplexer;
the optical module comprises a digital signal processor, a transmitting end and a receiving end;
the transmitting end comprises a modulator and a laser, the linear transmitting end of the digital signal processor is connected with the modulator, the modulator is connected with the laser and used for converting the electric signal into an optical signal, and the laser is used for generating single-wavelength laser carrying the optical signal;
the receiving end comprises a silicon germanium avalanche photodiode and a linear transconductance amplifier, the silicon germanium avalanche photodiode is used for receiving single-wavelength laser carrying optical signals and converting the optical signals into electric signals to be transmitted to the linear transconductance amplifier, and the linear transconductance amplifier is connected with the line receiving end of the digital signal processor;
the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are different, and the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are arranged at intervals.
Optionally, the modulator is an electro-absorption modulator or MZ modulator, and a driver of the modulator has a modulation baud rate higher than 50Gbaud.
Optionally, the number of the optical modules in the terminal equipment is 4, and in two terminal equipments, the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength laser light generated by one terminal equipment are 1297.8 nm, 1302.31 nm, 1306.85 nm and 1311.43 nm, respectively;
the center wavelengths of the single-wavelength laser generated by the other terminal device are 1295.56 nanometers, 1300.05 nanometers, 1304.58 nanometers and 1309.14 nanometers respectively, so that the single-fiber transmission distance can reach 20 kilometers.
Optionally, wherein the silicon germanium avalanche photodiode has a reverse bias voltage of 12 to 24 volts.
Optionally, the digital signal processor further comprises a KP code pattern forward error corrector.
Optionally, the digital signal processor further comprises a main receiver for acquiring the electrical signal.
Optionally, the digital signal processor further comprises a main transmitter for outputting the electrical signal.
Optionally, the optical module is in an SFP-DD small package or a QSFP small package.
Optionally, the optical module further includes a heat sink, and the heat sink and the integrated block of the digital signal processor fill the gap with a heat conducting material.
Optionally, the heat sink is a copper or copper alloy heat sink.
According to the technical scheme, the multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system comprises two terminal devices which are connected through a single fiber; the terminal equipment is at least provided with four optical modules, wavelength division multiplexers and demultiplexers, wherein optical signal transmitting ends of the optical modules are connected with the wavelength division multiplexers, and optical signal receiving ends of the optical modules are connected with the demultiplexers; the optical module comprises a digital signal processor, a transmitting end and a receiving end; the transmitting end comprises a modulator and a laser, the line transmitting end of the digital signal processor is connected with the modulator, the modulator is connected with the laser and used for converting the electric signal into an optical signal, and the laser is used for generating single-wavelength laser carrying the optical signal; the receiving end comprises a silicon germanium avalanche photodiode and a linear transconductance amplifier, the silicon germanium avalanche photodiode is used for receiving single-wavelength laser carrying optical signals and converting the optical signals into electric signals to be transmitted to the linear transconductance amplifier, and the linear transconductance amplifier is connected with the line receiving end of the digital signal processor; the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are different, and the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are arranged at intervals.
The application provides a two-way 400G long distance optical communication system of multi-wavelength single fiber, through set up interconnect's terminal equipment at two communication nodes, just be provided with the optical module of arranging between four wavelengths in the terminal equipment, high rate and long distance transmission can be realized to the optical module to under the condition of not reforming transform current optical fiber communication line, realize 20 KM's two-way optical communication of multi-wavelength single fiber.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an optical communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an overall structure of an optical module provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic signal conversion diagram of an optical module according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following examples do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. But merely as exemplifications of embodiments consistent with certain aspects of the application, as detailed in the claims.
In order to provide a communication system meeting the long-distance transmission of 20KM without modifying the existing optical fiber communication line, as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system, which includes two terminal devices connected by a single fiber, where the two device terminals are respectively disposed at network nodes where communication connection needs to be established.
The terminal equipment is at least provided with four optical modules, wavelength division multiplexers and demultiplexers, wherein optical signal transmitting ends of the optical modules are connected with the wavelength division multiplexers, and optical signal receiving ends of the optical modules are connected with the demultiplexers.
In the two terminal devices, the wavelength division multiplexer of one terminal device is connected with the demultiplexer of the other terminal device through a single fiber, so that communication connection is established between the two terminal devices.
In order to ensure that the optical signal can be transmitted at a high rate and in a long distance, for example, the long-distance transmission of 20KM is implemented for an optical signal of 4 × 100G, as shown in fig. 3, an overall structural schematic diagram of an optical module provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided, where the optical module includes a digital signal processor, a transmitting end, and a receiving end.
The transmitting end comprises a modulator and a laser, the line transmitting end of the digital signal processor is connected with the modulator, the modulator is connected with the laser and used for converting the electric signals into optical signals, and the laser is used for generating single-wavelength laser carrying the optical signals.
The receiving end comprises a silicon germanium avalanche photodiode and a linear transconductance amplifier, the silicon germanium avalanche photodiode is used for receiving single-wavelength laser carrying optical signals and converting the optical signals into electric signals to be transmitted to the linear transconductance amplifier, and the linear transconductance amplifier is connected with the line receiving end of the digital signal processor.
The central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are different, and the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are arranged at intervals.
In the actual use process, through tests, the optical module provided by the embodiment of the application adopts single-wavelength laser with the wavelength of 1308.09 nanometers, the negative dispersion of-45.20532463 ps/nm for transmitting 30km and the positive dispersion of 22.3625725ps/nm; the single-wavelength laser with the wavelength of 1310.19 nanometers is adopted, the negative dispersion of 30km during transmission is-39.14337607 ps/nm, the positive dispersion is 28.10014381ps/nm, and if the wavelength of the single-wavelength laser is 1308.09 nanometers to 1310.19 nanometers, the maximum differential group delay is 8.83ps, the differential group delay cost is 0.75 decibel, and the dispersion cost is 1 decibel, so that the dispersion range from-45 ps/nm to 25ps/nm is met. For the transmission distance of 20km, the central wavelength of the single-wavelength laser can be properly widened, and tests show that the central wavelength widening is 1295.56 nm to 1311.43 nm, so that the single-wavelength laser still has higher transmission speed and transmission quality and can meet the optical communication requirement of a long distance of 20 km.
Specifically, in order to implement multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional transmission, the center wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices provided in the embodiment of the present application are different from each other, and the center wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are arranged at intervals. For example, when 4 optical modules are arranged in one terminal device, the center wavelengths of the single-wavelength laser light generated by the first terminal device in the two terminal devices are 1297.8 nm, 1302.31 nm, 1306.85 nm and 1311.43 nm respectively; the center wavelengths of the corresponding second terminal device receiving ends are 1297.8 nm, 1302.31 nm, 1306.85 nm and 1311.43 nm, respectively.
The central wavelengths of the single-wavelength laser generated by the second terminal device are 1297.8 nm, 1302.31 nm, 1306.85 nm and 1311.43 nm respectively; the center wavelengths of the corresponding first terminal device receiving ends are 1297.8 nm, 1302.31 nm, 1306.85 nm and 1311.43 nm, respectively, so as to implement a communication system with a single-fiber bidirectional 400G long distance, and ensure that optical signals still have high transmission quality after the single-fiber transmission distance reaches 20km
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the modulator is an electro-absorption modulator or MZ (mach-zehnder) modulator, and a driver of the modulator has a modulation baud rate higher than 50Gbaud.
In the embodiment of the present application, in order to implement a multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional transmission technique, the transmission distance of the optical module is sacrificed to a certain extent, and therefore, when the transmission distance requirement is not particularly high, it is conceivable to replace the optical module in the embodiment of the present application with another optical module to implement multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional optical communication, for example, a PAM4 optical module is used.
In the optical module provided by the embodiment of the application, a TEC chip (Thermo Electric Cooler, semiconductor Cooler) is pre-installed in an application process, and the peltier effect of the TEC is utilized to refrigerate or heat a laser, the optical module stabilizes the internal working temperature by controlling the current direction and the magnitude of the TEC through an external circuit, a control circuit of the optical module selects two self-correcting and self-stabilizing TEC control chips of a zero drift amplifier in consideration of the superiority of hardware simulation PID, the TEC control chips have strong driving capability and high efficiency of 90%, work in a wide temperature range of products is met, and PID RC compensation network hardware is accurately configured according to the characteristics of the TEC in the optical module to realize proportional, differential and integral operations; the whole design scheme fully utilizes the absolute advantages of high response speed of hardware PID and continuous (relative to software PID discrete processing) processing of feedback signals, the module can still always lock the target temperature and control the temperature within +/-0.5 ℃ of the target temperature even in an environment with severe temperature change, the wavelength of a laser chip selected by an optical module in the scheme drifts about 0.08nm when the temperature changes by 1 ℃, an external circuit accurately controls the working temperature of the optical module and indirectly locks the wavelength of a product within +/-0.04 nm of a narrow range, and further the product can still meet the dispersion requirement during long-distance transmission.
In order to solve the problem that the dispersion cost is high in the process of transmitting an optical signal by an optical fiber, the rate is high, the distance is long, the dispersion cost is high, and the quality of the received optical signal is low, in the embodiment of the present application, the receiving end includes a silicon germanium avalanche photodiode and a linear transconductance amplifier, the silicon germanium avalanche photodiode is used for receiving single-wavelength laser carrying the optical signal and converting the optical signal into an electrical signal to be transmitted to the linear transconductance amplifier, and the linear transconductance amplifier is connected with a line receiving end of the digital signal processor, so that the requirement of high-speed long-distance transmission of 4 × 100G optical signals is met.
Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the silicon germanium avalanche photodiode includes an optical coupler, an optical reflector, an optical waveguide, and an active region; the optical coupler is used for receiving single-wavelength laser carrying optical signals, and the optical reflector is arranged below the optical coupler; the optical waveguide is used for guiding single-wavelength laser of an optical signal received by the optical coupler to an active area, and the active area is used for converting the optical signal into an electric signal. The reverse bias voltage of the silicon germanium avalanche photodiode is 12 to 24 volts. The voltage is far lower than that of the traditional silicon germanium avalanche photodiode, and the power consumption can be greatly reduced. As shown in fig. 3, a schematic signal conversion diagram of an optical module provided in this embodiment of the present application is provided, in some embodiments of the present application, the digital signal processor further includes a KP code forward error corrector, a main receiver, and a main transmitter, where the main receiver is configured to obtain an electrical signal, and the main transmitter is configured to output the electrical signal.
In the practical application process, after the electrical signal received by the main receiver is processed by the KP code type forward error corrector and amplified by the electroabsorption modulation laser driver, the laser is driven to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal, the optical signal is output in a long distance and received by another optical module, and the processing principle after the optical signal is received by the another optical module is as follows: the optical signal is transmitted into a silicon germanium avalanche photodiode, the silicon germanium avalanche photodiode converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, the electrical signal is amplified by a linear transconductance amplifier and transmitted into a digital signal processor, the electrical signal is processed by the KP code type forward error corrector, and the main transmitter outputs the electrical signal, for example, the electrical signal is transmitted to a switch chip.
Further, in order to ensure that the optical module provided in the embodiments of the present application can meet the requirement of miniaturization to adapt to the continuous increase of the device port density, in some embodiments of the present application, the optical module is implemented by SFP-DD small package or QSFP small package.
Furthermore, in the practical application process, the heat productivity of the digital signal processor may exceed 1.5 watts, in order to ensure the stable operation of the device, the optical module further includes a heat sink, the heat sink is a copper or copper alloy heat sink, and a gap is filled with a heat conduction material between the heat sink and the integrated block of the digital signal processor.
According to the technical scheme, the multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system provided by the embodiment of the application comprises two terminal devices connected through a single fiber; the terminal equipment is at least provided with four optical modules, wavelength division multiplexers and demultiplexers, wherein optical signal transmitting ends of the optical modules are connected with the wavelength division multiplexers, and optical signal receiving ends of the optical modules are connected with the demultiplexers; the optical module comprises a digital signal processor, a transmitting end and a receiving end; the transmitting end comprises a modulator and a laser, the line transmitting end of the digital signal processor is connected with the modulator, the modulator is connected with the laser and used for converting the electric signal into an optical signal, and the laser is used for generating single-wavelength laser carrying the optical signal; the receiving end comprises a silicon germanium avalanche photodiode and a linear transconductance amplifier, the silicon germanium avalanche photodiode is used for receiving single-wavelength laser carrying optical signals and converting the optical signals into electric signals to be transmitted to the linear transconductance amplifier, and the linear transconductance amplifier is connected with the line receiving end of the digital signal processor; the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are different, and the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are arranged at intervals.
The embodiment of the application provides a two-way 400G long distance optical communication system of multi-wavelength single fiber, through set up interconnect's terminal equipment at two communication nodes, just be provided with the optical module of arranging between four wavelengths in the terminal equipment, high rate and long distance transmission can be realized to the optical module to under the condition of not reforming transform current optical communication line, realize 20 KM's two-way optical communication of multi-wavelength single fiber.
The detailed description provided above is only a detailed description and/or an exemplary example under the general concept of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation to the scope of the present application. Various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements to the embodiments of the invention and its embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive work or departing from the spirit and scope of the application, and are intended to be within the scope of the application. The protection scope of this application is subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system is characterized by comprising two terminal devices which are connected through a single fiber;
the terminal equipment is at least provided with four optical modules, wavelength division multiplexers and demultiplexers, wherein optical signal transmitting ends of the optical modules are connected with the wavelength division multiplexers, and optical signal receiving ends of the optical modules are connected with the demultiplexers;
the optical module comprises a digital signal processor, a transmitting end and a receiving end;
the transmitting end comprises a modulator and a laser, the line transmitting end of the digital signal processor is connected with the modulator, the modulator is connected with the laser and used for converting the electric signal into an optical signal, and the laser is used for generating single-wavelength laser carrying the optical signal;
the receiving end comprises a silicon germanium avalanche photodiode and a linear transconductance amplifier, the silicon germanium avalanche photodiode is used for receiving single-wavelength laser carrying optical signals and converting the optical signals into electric signals to be transmitted to the linear transconductance amplifier, and the linear transconductance amplifier is connected with the line receiving end of the digital signal processor;
the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are different, and the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength lasers generated by the optical modules in the two terminal devices are arranged at intervals.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the modulator is an electro-absorption modulator or an MZ modulator, and a driver of the modulator has a modulation baud rate higher than 50Gbaud.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the number of the optical modules in the terminal equipment is 4, and the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength laser generated by one terminal equipment in the two terminal equipments are 1297.8 nm, 1302.31 nm, 1306.85 nm and 1311.43 nm respectively;
the central wavelengths of the single-wavelength laser generated by the other terminal device are 1295.56 nm, 1300.05 nm, 1304.58 nm and 1309.14 nm respectively, so that the single-fiber transmission distance reaches 20 kilometers.
4. A multi-wavelength single-fiber bidirectional 400G long-distance optical communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reverse bias voltage of the sige avalanche photodiode is 12 to 24 v.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital signal processor further comprises a KP code type forward error corrector.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital signal processor further comprises a main receiver for obtaining the electrical signal.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital signal processor further comprises a main transmitter for outputting the electrical signal.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical module is SFP-DD small form factor package or QSFP small form factor package.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical module further comprises a heat sink, and the heat sink and the digital signal processor integrated package are filled with a thermally conductive material.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the heat sink is a copper or copper alloy heat sink.
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CN109412696A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-03-01 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Bidirectional light receiving and transmitting module based on PAM4 modulation technique |
CN109581597A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-05 | 宇捷光子科技(南京)有限公司 | A kind of Wave division multiplexing optical transmission system of simplex optical module composition |
US20190173604A1 (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2019-06-06 | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | High-speed optical transceiver based on cwdm and sdm |
CN210839596U (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-06-23 | 深圳市迅特通信技术有限公司 | Wavelength division multiplexing system and wavelength division multiplexing system for CWDM signal transmission |
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US20190173604A1 (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2019-06-06 | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | High-speed optical transceiver based on cwdm and sdm |
CN109412696A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-03-01 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Bidirectional light receiving and transmitting module based on PAM4 modulation technique |
CN109581597A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-05 | 宇捷光子科技(南京)有限公司 | A kind of Wave division multiplexing optical transmission system of simplex optical module composition |
CN210839596U (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-06-23 | 深圳市迅特通信技术有限公司 | Wavelength division multiplexing system and wavelength division multiplexing system for CWDM signal transmission |
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