CN115347369A - Electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation and control method - Google Patents
Electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115347369A CN115347369A CN202110516227.1A CN202110516227A CN115347369A CN 115347369 A CN115347369 A CN 115347369A CN 202110516227 A CN202110516227 A CN 202110516227A CN 115347369 A CN115347369 A CN 115347369A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- amplitude
- electromagnetic wave
- element structure
- regulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
Landscapes
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method, belongs to the technical field of super-surface electromagnetic regulation, and solves the problems that the electromagnetic wave is independent in a full range, structural size parameters need to be changed in continuous amplitude and phase regulation, a regulation method lacks theoretical support, regulation is complex, and efficiency is low in the prior art. The method comprises the steps of arranging a plurality of super-surface unit structures in a two-dimensional array; the super surface unit structure comprises a first element structure and a second element structure which are in cascade connection and have the same structure; the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure are adjusted according to the amplitude and the phase of the position of the super-surface unit structure to be adjusted, so that the difference and the sum of the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure respectively correspond to the amplitude and the phase of the super-surface unit structure to be adjusted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of super-surface electromagnetic regulation, in particular to an electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the scientific research and technological invention based on electromagnetic wave have penetrated into the aspects of human daily life, and especially have wide application in the fields of communication, imaging, navigation, detection, etc. The amplitude, phase and polarization are the basic attributes of electromagnetic waves, which determine the propagation properties of the electromagnetic waves, and how to efficiently regulate the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic waves is a hot issue in the field of electromagnetic wave research. In recent years, the flexible regulation and control of electromagnetic waves are more and more realized by designing a unit structure to construct a super surface, and the key point of designing the super surface is the regulation and control of the unit structure on the scattering characteristics of the phase, amplitude, polarization and combination of the electromagnetic waves. In recent years, there are many methods for designing an amplitude-phase control unit to control the amplitude phase of electromagnetic waves, and the amplitude-phase control method has a remarkable control effect, and can improve holographic imaging resolution, and realize directional radiation, radar scattering cross section reduction, multi-beam design and the like. The modulation of the complex amplitude of the electromagnetic wave can be realized by changing the regulation and control of a plurality of degrees of freedom such as the size, the direction and the like of the unit structure. However, it is still necessary to find an accurate and universal regulation method to realize the full-range complex amplitude modulation of the unit structure.
At present, a plurality of methods for regulating and controlling the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves are available, and firstly, based on a Huygens super surface unit structure, complex amplitude modulation is realized by regulating and controlling electromagnetic response by changing the size of the unit structure; secondly, linear polarization amplitude-phase regulation with binary phase modulation is realized by utilizing rotation of the unit structure; thirdly, regulating and controlling a pure phase super surface of a circular cross polarization phase regulating and controlling unit structure based on a geometric phase Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) principle; fourthly, the full-range amplitude-phase regulation and control are realized by utilizing the included angle of the two arms of the X-shaped structure and the rotation.
Firstly, the adjustment and control method based on the Huygens super surface can only carry out high-efficiency adjustment and control on the amplitude of electromagnetic waves, and the super surface structure unit is complex and lacks of a universal adjustment and control rule; secondly, when the linear polarization amplitude and phase regulation super surface with binary phase modulation is used for regulation, only binary phases can be obtained, and the size of a unit structure needs to be adjusted to realize independent and continuous regulation of the amplitude and phase in the whole range; thirdly, when the circular cross polarization phase regulation unit structure based on the geometric phase Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) principle is regulated, the size parameter of the unit structure needs to be changed to regulate the amplitude, no corresponding regulation rule exists for regulating the size of the unit structure, and the regulation efficiency is low; fourthly, although the X-shaped unit structure can support the regulation and control of the amplitude and the phase in the whole range, the efficiency is not high, and the coupling effect of the unit structure lacks corresponding theoretical support.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide an electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase control method, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase control is independent in the whole range, the structural size parameters need to be changed in the continuous amplitude and phase control, the control method lacks theoretical support, the control is complex, and the efficiency is low.
The invention provides an electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method, which comprises the following steps:
arranging a plurality of super-surface unit structures in a two-dimensional array; the super surface unit structure comprises a first element structure and a second element structure which are in cascade connection and have the same structure;
and adjusting the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure according to the amplitude and the phase of the position of the super surface unit structure to be regulated, enabling the difference of the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure to correspond to the amplitude of the regulation, and enabling the sum of the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure to correspond to the phase of the regulation.
Further, adjusting the orientation angles of the first and second element structures according to the following correspondence, so that the difference between the orientation angles of the first and second element structures corresponds to the amplitude of the required regulation:
A＝cos(θ 2 -θ 1 )
wherein, theta 1 Denotes the orientation angle, θ, of the first element structure 2 Representing the orientation angle of the second element structure, and a representing the magnitude of the desired modulation.
Further, the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure are adjusted according to the following corresponding relation, so that the sum of the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure corresponds to the phase needing to be regulated and controlled:
when the incident wave is a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave and the transmitted wave is a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, sigma =1; when the incident wave is a left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave and the transmitted wave is a right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, sigma = -1,
indicating the phase of the desired modulation.
Further, when the orientation angle theta of the first element structure needs to be adjusted 1 If the angle is larger than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonance ring in the first unitary structure by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction anticlockwise, and enabling the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction to be the orientation angle theta of the first unitary structure 1 (ii) a If the orientation angle theta of the first element structure needs to be adjusted 1 If the angle is less than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonant ring in the first element structure clockwise by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction, and enabling the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction to be the orientation angle theta of the first element structure 1 ；
If the orientation angle theta of the second element structure needs to be adjusted 2 If the angle is larger than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonance ring in the second binary structure counterclockwise by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction, and enabling the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction to be the orientation angle theta of the second binary structure 2 (ii) a If the orientation angle theta of the second element structure needs to be adjusted 2 If the angle is less than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonance ring in the second binary structure clockwise by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction, and enabling the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction to be the orientation angle theta of the second binary structure 2 。
Furthermore, the first element structure and the second element structure both comprise a dielectric substrate and two identical circular conductor patches symmetrically attached to two sides of the dielectric substrate; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the dielectric substrate and the two circular conductor patches have the same geometric center; and the circular conductor patch is provided with a C-shaped hole type resonance ring and is made of a perfect electric conductor corresponding to the electromagnetic wave frequency band.
Further, an air layer is arranged between the first element structure and the second element structure.
Furthermore, the thickness of the air layer between the first element structure and the second element structure is in a range of [4.75mm,5.25mm ].
Furthermore, the thickness of the circular conductor patch ranges from [0.0171mm,0.0189mm ], the radius ranges from [3.325mm,3.675mm ], the inner radius ranges from [2.85mm,3.15mm ], the outer radius ranges from [3.04mm,3.36mm ], and the partition width corresponding to the C-type hole-type resonance ring ranges from [0.19mm,0.21mm ].
Furthermore, the dielectric substrate is of a square structure, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate ranges from [1.425mm to 1.575mm ].
Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method can be used for beam generation regulation, holographic imaging regulation or beam focusing regulation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method provided by the invention can realize independent and continuous regulation and control of the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic wave by setting the orientation angles of the two element structures in the super-surface unit structure without changing the size of the unit structure, has flexible regulation and control mode and high regulation and control efficiency, and can realize full-range regulation and control of the amplitude [0,1] of the electromagnetic wave and full-range regulation and control of the phase [0 degrees and 360 degrees ] of the electromagnetic wave.
2. The electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the utilized super-surface unit structure regulates and controls the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves based on a wave plate theory and a PB phase theory, has perfect theoretical support, does not need to regulate and control the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic waves irregularly by changing structural parameters, can meet the amplitude and phase regulation and control requirements of various regulation and control devices based on the regulation and control method, such as a bifocal focusing lens, a multibeam generator, a Bessel beam generator, a holographic imaging device and the like, has strong applicability and wide application scenes, and can realize the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation and control in various frequency bands such as a microwave band, an infrared band, a terahertz band, an optical frequency band and the like by changing the electrical size of the super-surface unit structure to match the materials of corresponding circular conductor patches and media.
3. According to the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method provided by the invention, the structural sizes of the super-surface unit structures are the same, and the orientation angles of only two element structures are different, so that the manufacturing process of a two-dimensional array is simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced to a great extent.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the rotation of two quarter-wave plates in cascade according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a geometric phase change represented by a Poincare sphere according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a super-surface unit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a meta-structure of a super-surface unit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the amplitude of the transmission coefficient of the electromagnetic wave obtained by the normal incidence of the linearly polarized electromagnetic wave and the phase difference of the co-polarized transmitted electromagnetic wave with the frequency of the incident wave when the slow axis of the element structure coincides with the positive direction of the X axis in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the amplitude of the transmission coefficient of the left-hand circularly polarized transmission electromagnetic wave and the amplitude of the transmission coefficient of the right-hand circularly polarized transmission electromagnetic wave obtained when the linear polarized electromagnetic wave is normally incident when the slow axis of the element structure of the embodiment of the present invention is ± 45 ° from the positive direction of the X axis;
FIG. 8 shows a first orientation angle θ in the super-surface unit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention 1 Is 0 DEG, and the second orientation angle theta 2 When the angles are respectively set to 0 degree, 30 degree, 60 degree and 90 degree, the schematic diagram of the change of the amplitude of the circularly cross polarized transmission electromagnetic wave along with the frequency of the incident wave is correspondingly obtained;
FIG. 9 shows an orientation angle θ of the first element structure according to an embodiment of the present invention 1 The angle is 0 degrees, and when incident waves with different frequencies are incident, the amplitude of the obtained circularly cross-polarized transmitted electromagnetic wave changes along with the relative rotation angle alpha of the first element structure and the second element structure;
FIG. 10 shows an orientation angle θ of the first element structure according to an embodiment of the present invention 1 The angle is 0 degrees, and when incident waves with different frequencies are incident, the phase of the obtained circular cross polarization transmission electromagnetic wave is changed along with the relative rotation angle alpha of the first element structure and the second element structure;
FIG. 11 is a graph of amplitude of circularly cross-polarized transmitted electromagnetic waves with a first orientation angle θ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention 1 And schematic diagrams of the change rule of the first element structure and the second element structure relative to the rotation angle alpha;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the phase dependence of circularly cross-polarized transmitted electromagnetic waves on a first orientation angle θ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention 1 And schematic diagrams of the change rule of the first element structure and the second element structure relative to the rotation angle alpha;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic wave amplitude distribution corresponding to a transverse bifocal focusing lens in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic wave phase distribution corresponding to a transverse bifocal focusing lens in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic wave amplitude distribution corresponding to an axial bifocal focusing lens in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic wave phase distribution corresponding to the axial bifocal focusing lens in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a testing apparatus for testing a dual focus lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an electric field intensity distribution diagram of a transverse bifocal focusing lens in the xz plane obtained by simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an electric field intensity distribution of a transverse bifocal focusing lens in the xz plane according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an electric field intensity distribution of a transverse bifocal focusing lens at two foci of an xy plane according to a simulation of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an electric field intensity distribution diagram of a transverse bifocal focusing lens at two foci of an xy plane, obtained through experiments in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the electric field strength along the x-axis of a transverse bifocal focusing lens obtained by simulation and experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an axial electric field intensity distribution of a transverse bifocal focusing lens simulated in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an axial electric field intensity distribution of a transverse bifocal focusing lens experimentally obtained according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the variation of the electric field strength along the z-axis of a transverse bifocal focusing lens obtained by simulation and experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an electric field intensity distribution of an axial bifocal focusing lens at a focal point with a focal length of 50mm in the xy plane, according to a simulation of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating an electric field intensity distribution of an axial bifocal focusing lens at a focal point with a focal length of 50mm in the xy plane, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the variation of the electric field strength along the x-axis at the focal point of the axial bifocal focusing lens having a focal length of 50mm, obtained by simulation and experiment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of an electric field intensity distribution diagram of an axial bifocal focusing lens obtained by simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention at a focal point with a focal length of xy plane of 150 mm;
FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an electric field intensity distribution of an axial bifocal focusing lens at a focal point with a focal length of 150mm in an xy plane, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the variation of the electric field strength along the x-axis at the focal point with the focal length of 150mm of the axial bifocal focusing lens obtained through simulation and experiment according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a horn antenna; 2-a bifocal focusing lens; 3-a probe; 4-a vector network analyzer; 5-microwave darkroom.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention discloses an electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method. As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
s110, arranging a plurality of super surface unit structures in a two-dimensional array form; the super surface unit structure comprises a first element structure and a second element structure which are in cascade connection and have the same structure.
S120, adjusting the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure according to the amplitude and the phase of the position of the super-surface unit structure to be regulated, enabling the difference of the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure to correspond to the amplitude of the super-surface unit structure to be regulated, and enabling the sum of the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure to correspond to the phase of the super-surface unit structure to be regulated.
In order to prove the feasibility of the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method provided by the invention, the principle of the regulation method is explained:
the first and second element structures of the present invention may be equivalent to two cascaded equivalent Quarter Wave Plates (QWPs). The polarization state evolution path of a circular polarization conversion component on a Poincare (Poincare) spherical surface can be changed by adjusting the orientation angles of the two QWPs, so that the independent continuous regulation and control of the amplitude and the phase in the full range can be realized, and the theoretical derivation process is as follows:
considering the relative rotation between the two quarter-wave plates, when the electromagnetic wave propagates along the z-axis direction, for a quarter-wave plate with a slow axis (the direction of the light vector with slow propagation speed in the wave plate is the slow axis) located in the x-direction, the jones matrix under the circular polarization basis is as follows:
when the quarter-wave plate is rotated by an angle theta, a new Jones matrix of the circularly polarized prime lost system can be obtained through the following rotation operations:
wherein R is a rotation matrix.
As shown in FIG. 2, the orientation angle of the two quarter-wave plates is defined as the angle between the slow axis and the x axis, which is denoted as θ 1 、θ 2 S in the figure 1 、S 2 Respectively representing the slow axes of the two quarter-wave plates, wherein the Jones matrix corresponding to the unit structure formed by the two cascaded quarter-wave plates is as follows:
α＝(θ 2 -θ 1 )，
where α represents the difference between the orientation angles of the two quarter-wave plates, i.e., the relative rotation angles of the two quarter-wave plates. Sub-diagonal generation of total jones matrixThe transmission coefficient of a circularly cross-polarized electromagnetic wave is shown, and the corresponding complex amplitude can be expressed as cos α. Exp [ i σ (α +2 θ) 1 )]It can be seen that the transmission coefficient of the circularly cross-polarized electromagnetic wave corresponds to the amplitude A and the phase
The following relations are respectively formed between the orientation angles of the two quarter-wave plates:
A＝cos(θ 2 -θ 1 )，
according to the two relational expressions, the full-range independent continuous regulation and control of the amplitude of the complex amplitude of the electromagnetic wave from 0 to 1 and the phase from 0 to 360 degrees can be realized.
The above-mentioned characteristics of the unit structure composed of two quarter-wave plates are generated by the polarization state path change caused by the rotation of the two quarter-wave plates. Illustratively, a right-handed circularly polarized incident wave is converted to an orientation of θ by passing through a first quarter wave plate 1 A linearly polarized wave of +45 deg. due to the orientation of the second quarter-wave plate being theta 2 Angle, so only the polarization direction is θ 2 The +45 ° linearly polarized wave component is converted into a circularly polarized state orthogonal to the incident wave. Therefore, the amplitude of the circularly polarized transmitted electromagnetic wave is in a cosine relationship with the relative rotation angle alpha of the two quarter wave plates based on the Malus law. The regulation mechanism of the phase completely comes from the geometric phase principle and can be expressed by a poincare sphere image ground, the phase change of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave transformation path is half of a solid angle of a region enclosed by two paths as shown in figure 3.
The analysis shows that the two quarter wave plates can realize independent and continuous regulation and control of the amplitude and the phase of the incident electromagnetic wave by cascading.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the super-surface unit structure on which the regulation and control method provided by the present invention is based includes a first unitary structure and a second unitary structure, and an air layer is disposed between the first unitary structure and the second unitary structure, where both the first unitary structure and the second unitary structure may be referred to as a unitary structure, and as shown in fig. 5, the unitary structure specifically includes a dielectric substrate and two identical circular conductor patches symmetrically attached to both sides of the dielectric substrate; the dielectric substrate and the two circular conductor patches have the same geometric center; and the circular conductor patch is provided with a C-shaped hole type resonance ring, preferably, the circular conductor patch is made of a corresponding perfect electric conductor under the electromagnetic wave frequency band.
In an exemplary, cellular configuration, circular conductor patches are provided having a thickness of 0.018mm and a radius r 1 3.5mm, made of copper, and the outer radius r of the C-shaped hole type resonance ring 2 Is 3.2mm and has an inner radius r 3 Is 3mm, and the partition width g corresponding to the C-shaped hole type resonance ring is 0.2mm; in addition, the material of the dielectric substrate is F4B, the dielectric constant epsilon of the dielectric substrate is 2.65, the loss tangent angle is 0.0017, and the thickness d of the dielectric substrate is 1.5mm; the lattice constant p of the cell structure, i.e. the side length of the dielectric substrate, is set to 9 mm.
Performing electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation simulation based on the element structure, wherein incident electromagnetic waves are incident along the z-axis as shown in FIG. 5, and when the element structure is arranged along the positive direction of the x-axis as shown in FIG. 6, the transmission coefficient T of the homopolarity transmission electromagnetic waves obtained when the linearly polarized electromagnetic waves are incident normally y,y 、T x,x Are all higher than 0.9, phase difference
This indicates that the cell structure is a quarter-wave plate whose axis of symmetry direction (the axis of symmetry direction is the X direction in fig. 2) is the slow axis. When the symmetry axis (slow axis) of the element structure is set to be 45 degrees with the positive direction of the X axis, the right-handed circularly polarized transmission electromagnetic wave is correspondingly obtained when the linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is in normal incidence, and when the linearly polarized transmission electromagnetic wave is in-45 degrees, the left-handed circularly polarized transmission electromagnetic wave is correspondingly obtained when the linearly polarized transmission electromagnetic wave is in normal incidence, as shown in figure 7, the transmission coefficient T of the right-handed circularly polarized transmission electromagnetic wave is obtained within the application frequency band of 11.9-12.6GHz RCP,+45°-LP Amplitude of (4) and transmission coefficient T of left-handed circularly polarized transmission electromagnetic wave LCP,-45°-LP Are higher than 0.9, the cell structure has a quarter-wave plate characteristicAnd (4) quality.
Preferably, the two element structures are cascaded, and the thickness of the air layer between the two element structures is set to be 5mm, so as to obtain a super surface unit structure, and the simulation is performed based on the super surface unit structure.
As shown in fig. 4, the slow axes of the first and second element structures rotate counterclockwise along the positive direction of the X-axis to obtain corresponding first orientation angles θ 1 And a second orientation angle theta 2 Then α = (θ) 2 -θ 1 ) Is the difference between the orientation angles of the first and second component structures.
Specifically, the first orientation angle θ is set 1 Is 0 DEG, and the second orientation angle theta 2 When the amplitudes of the circularly cross-polarized transmitted electromagnetic waves are respectively set to be 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees, the change curve of the amplitudes of the correspondingly obtained circularly cross-polarized transmitted electromagnetic waves along with the frequency of the incident wave is shown in figure 8, and the curves can be seen from the figure, wherein the amplitudes of the circularly cross-polarized transmitted electromagnetic waves along with the frequency of the incident wave are [12GHz,13GHz and [12GHz ]]The amplitude of the transmission coefficient corresponding to the obtained circularly cross-polarized transmitted wave is the largest in the frequency range of (1), when the difference between the orientation angles of the first unitary structure and the second unitary structure is 0, because there is no relative rotation between the first unitary structure and the second unitary structure, i.e. the slow axis is aligned, and the whole corresponds to a quarter-wave plate. FIG. 9 shows a first orientation angle θ 1 At 0 deg., the amplitude of the obtained circularly cross-polarized transmitted electromagnetic wave varies with the relative rotation angle alpha of the first element structure and the second element structure when the incident waves with different frequencies are incident, and can be seen in the figure, at 12.1GHz and 12.5GHz]When incident waves with 0.1GHz intervals in a frequency range are incident, the correspondingly obtained change rule of the amplitude of the circularly cross-polarized transmitted electromagnetic waves is consistent with an amplitude theoretical change curve (cos alpha). FIG. 10 shows a first orientation angle θ 1 The phase of the obtained circularly cross-polarized transmission electromagnetic wave is changed along with the relative rotation angle alpha of the first element structure and the second element structure when the incident wave with different frequencies is incident at 0 DEG, and the graph can be seen that the phase is changed along with the relative rotation angle alpha of the first element structure and the second element structure at 12.1GHz and 12.5GHz]When incident waves with 0.1GHz interval in a frequency range are incident, the change rule of the phase of the circularly cross-polarized transmission electromagnetic wave and the theoretical change curve of the phase (sigma (theta)) are correspondingly obtained 1 +θ 2 ) ) are consistent. To better illustrate the amplitude and phase modulation of electromagnetic waves proposed by the present inventionThe feasibility of the control method is shown in fig. 11 and 12, which show the amplitude and phase of the circularly cross-polarized transmitted electromagnetic wave along with the first orientation angle theta 1 And the change rule of the relative rotation angle alpha of the first element structure and the second element structure, and the change rule of the amplitude and the phase along with the orientation angle and the rotation angle is consistent with the theoretical derivation result.
In order to realize amplitude and phase regulation of circular cross polarization electromagnetic waves, a plurality of super-surface unit structures are arrayed in a two-dimensional array, so that the amplitude and the phase of the electromagnetic waves are continuously and independently regulated based on the array.
Preferably, the orientation angles of the first and second meta-structures are adjusted according to the following correspondence, so that the difference between the orientation angles of the first and second meta-structures corresponds to the amplitude to be regulated:
A＝cos(θ 2 -θ 1 )
wherein, theta 1 Denotes the orientation angle, θ, of the first element structure 2 Indicating the orientation angle of the second element structure and a the magnitude of the desired modulation.
Preferably, the orientation angles of the first and second element structures are adjusted according to the following correspondence relationship, so that the sum of the orientation angles of the first and second element structures corresponds to the phase to be regulated:
when the incident wave is a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave and the transmitted wave is a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, sigma =1; when the incident wave is a left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave and the transmitted wave is a right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, sigma = -1,
indicating the phase of the desired modulation.
Preferably, the orientation of the C-shaped hole-type resonant ring in each element structure corresponds to the orientation angle of the element structure, and the orientation of the C-shaped hole-type resonant ring, that is, the direction in which the center of the C-shaped hole-type resonant ring and the ray at which the center of the C-shaped hole-type resonant ring is separated from the C-shaped hole-type resonant ring are pointed, is also the direction in which the symmetry axis is located. Specifically, in the element structure, two C-shaped hole-type resonant rings are symmetrical relative to the dielectric substrate, the symmetry axes of the two C-shaped hole-type resonant rings are in the same plane and are kept parallel, and the direction of the symmetry axis is the direction of the slow axis of the element structure, i.e., the orientation angle of the element structure.
The orientation of the orientation angle of the element structure is determined by the following way, specifically, the symmetry axes of two C-shaped hole type resonant rings in the element structure are in the same plane and are kept parallel, and the direction of the symmetry axes is the direction of the slow axis of the element structure, namely the orientation of the orientation angle of the element structure.
Preferably, when the orientation angle theta of the first element structure is required to be adjusted 1 If the angle is larger than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonant ring in the first unitary structure counterclockwise by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction, and enabling the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction to be the orientation angle theta of the first unitary structure 1 (ii) a If the orientation angle theta of the first element structure needs to be adjusted 1 If the angle is less than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonance ring in the first unitary structure clockwise by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction, and enabling the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction to be the orientation angle theta of the first unitary structure 1 。
If the orientation angle theta of the second element structure needs to be adjusted 2 If the angle is larger than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonance ring in the second binary structure counterclockwise by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction, and enabling the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction to be the orientation angle theta of the second binary structure 2 (ii) a If the orientation angle theta of the second element structure needs to be adjusted 2 If the angle is less than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonance ring in the second binary structure clockwise by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction, and enabling the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction to be the orientation angle theta of the second binary structure 2 。
It can be understood by those skilled in the art that "rotation" is only used to describe the relationship between the positive and negative orientation angles and the orientation, and does not mean that the C-type hole resonator ring can rotate on the circular conductor patch, and in practical applications, after the orientation angle of the meta-structure is determined, the included angle between the orientation of the C-type hole resonator ring and the horizontal direction is directly set as the orientation angle.
Preferably, the thickness of the air layer arranged between the first element structure and the second element structure is in a range of [4.75mm,5.25mm ]. The thickness of the circular conductor patch ranges from 0.0171mm to 0.0189mm, the radius ranges from 3.325mm to 3.675mm, the inner radius ranges from 2.85mm to 3.15mm and the outer radius ranges from 3.04mm to 3.36mm, and the partition width corresponding to the C-type hole-type resonant ring ranges from 0.19mm to 0.21mm. In addition, the dielectric substrate is of a square structure, the side length of the dielectric substrate ranges from [8.55mm,9.45mm ], the thickness ranges from [1.425mm,1.575mm ], preferably, the dielectric substrate is made of F4B, the relative dielectric constant is 2.65, the loss tangent value ranges from (0, 0.01), and the super-surface unit structure in the parameter ranges can meet the requirement of electromagnetic wave amplitude phase regulation.
Example 2
The two-dimensional array arrangement of the multiple super-surface unit structures can realize various electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation functions, and preferably, the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method provided by the invention can be used for wave beam generation regulation, holographic imaging regulation or light beam focusing regulation. Illustratively, the two-dimensional array formed by the multiple super-surface unit structures can realize the functions of devices such as a bifocal focusing lens, a multibeam generator, a Bessel beam generator and a holographic imaging device.
Taking the realization of the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation function of the bifocal focusing lens as an example, the regulation simulation result is compared with the experimental result to determine the regulation feasibility and the regulation accuracy of the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method provided by the invention.
Specifically, the amplitude and phase distribution required to be regulated and controlled by the bifocal focusing lens satisfy the following formula:
wherein A (x, y) represents the amplitude required to be regulated and controlled by the super-surface unit structure with the position coordinate of (x, y),
the phase position (x, y) of the super surface unit structure with the position coordinate (x, y) required to be regulated is shown 1 ,y 1 )、(x 2 ,y 2 ) Position coordinates respectively representing two focal points of a bifocal focusing lens, a 1 、a 2 Respectively representing the electric field amplitude, f, of the two focal points 1 、f 2 Respectively, the focal lengths corresponding to the two focal points, and λ represents the wavelength of incident light.
Based on the structural parameters of the super-surface unit in embodiment 1, when the bifocal focusing lens to be designed is a transverse bifocal focusing lens, for example, the electric field amplitudes of the two focal points are set to be 0.5 and 0.5 respectively, the corresponding focal lengths are 300mm and 300mm respectively, and the corresponding focal coordinates are (x) respectively 1 ,y 1 )＝(-75mm,0mm)、(x 2 ,y 2 ) = (75mm, 0mm), incident light wavelength is 12.3GHz; when the bifocal focusing lens of the desired design is an axial bifocal focusing lens, the electric field amplitudes of the two focal points are set to 1 and 0.707, respectively, for example, the corresponding focal lengths are 50mm and 150mm, respectively, and the corresponding focal coordinates are (x) respectively 1 ,y 1 )＝(0mm,0mm)、(x 2 ,y 2 ) = (0 mm ), and the wavelength of incident light is 12.3GHz.
Respectively taking a transverse bifocal focusing lens and an axial bifocal focusing lens as examples, and arranging the super-surface unit structures with the set parameters in a two-dimensional array; correspondingly adjusting orientation angles of a first element structure and a second element structure in each super surface unit structure according to amplitude and phase distribution required to be adjusted and controlled by the transverse double-focus focusing lens or the axial double-focus focusing lens, enabling the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure in each super surface unit structure to correspond to the amplitude and phase required to be adjusted and controlled at the position of the super surface unit structure, and performing simulation, wherein the electromagnetic wave amplitude distribution and the electromagnetic wave phase distribution corresponding to the transverse double-focus focusing lens are respectively shown in figures 13 and 14, and the electromagnetic wave amplitude distribution and the electromagnetic wave phase distribution corresponding to the axial double-focus focusing lens are respectively shown in figures 15 and 16.
The transverse bifocal focusing lens and the axial bifocal focusing lens are now tested by the apparatus shown in fig. 17 to determine if their focusing effects are consistent with those of the previous simulations.
Specifically, the horn antenna 1 is used for generating incident waves, the incident waves are normally incident on the bifocal focusing lens 2, the probe 3 is used for collecting transmitted electromagnetic waves and transmitting the transmitted electromagnetic waves to the vector network analyzer 4 for analysis, and the horn antenna 1, the bifocal focusing lens 2 and the probe 3 are all placed in the microwave darkroom 5.
The simulation results and experimental results are as follows:
fig. 18 and fig. 19 respectively show electric field intensity distribution diagrams of the transverse bifocal focusing lens in the xz plane obtained by simulation and experiment when the incident wave frequency is 12.3GHz; fig. 20 and 21 respectively show electric field intensity distribution diagrams of the transverse bifocal focusing lens at two focal points on the xy plane, obtained through simulation and experiment, when the incident wave frequency is 12.3GHz, fig. 22 shows schematic diagrams of the electric field intensity of the transverse bifocal focusing lens, obtained through simulation and experiment, changing along with the x axis, fig. 23 and 24 show axial electric field intensity distribution diagrams of the transverse bifocal focusing lens, obtained through simulation and experiment, respectively, and fig. 25 shows schematic diagrams of the electric field intensity of the transverse bifocal focusing lens, obtained through simulation and experiment, changing along with the z axis; as can be seen from fig. 18 to 25, the electric field intensity distributions of the transverse bifocal focusing lens obtained by the simulation and the experiment are uniform.
FIGS. 26 and 27 are graphs respectively showing electric field intensity distribution diagrams of axial bifocal focusing lenses obtained by simulation and experiment at a focal point with a xy-plane focal length of 50mm when the incident wave frequency is 12.3GHz; FIG. 28 is a graph showing the variation of the electric field strength along the x-axis for the focal point of 50mm focal length of the axial bifocal focusing lens obtained by simulation and experiment; FIGS. 29 and 30 are respectively graphs showing electric field intensity distribution diagrams of axial bifocal focusing lenses obtained by simulation and experiment at a focal point with a focal length of xy plane of 150 mm; FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the variation of the electric field strength along the x-axis for the focal point with the focal length of 150mm of the axial bifocal focusing lens obtained by simulation and experiment; as can be seen from fig. 26 to 31, the electric field intensity distributions of the axial bifocal focusing lens obtained by the simulation and the experiment were all uniform.
The experiment and simulation results prove that the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation and control method provided by the invention has a good amplitude and phase regulation and control function and can be supported by a perfect theory.
Compared with the prior art, the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that firstly, independent and continuous regulation and control of the amplitude and the phase of the electromagnetic wave can be realized by setting the orientation angles of the two element structures in the super-surface unit structure, the size of the unit structure is not required to be changed, the regulation and control mode is flexible, the regulation and control efficiency is high, the full-range regulation and control of the amplitude [0,1] of the electromagnetic wave and the full-range regulation and control of the phase [0 degrees and 360 degrees ] of the electromagnetic wave can be realized; secondly, the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the utilized super-surface unit structure regulates and controls the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic wave based on the wave plate theory and the PB phase theory, has perfect theoretical support, does not need to regulate and control the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic wave irregularly by changing structural parameters, can meet the amplitude and phase regulation requirements of various regulation and control devices based on the regulation and control method, such as a bifocal focusing lens, a multibeam generator, a Bessel beam generator, a holographic imaging device and the like, has strong applicability and wide application scenes, and can realize the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation and control in various frequency bands such as a microwave band, an infrared band, a terahertz band, an optical frequency band and the like by changing the electrical size of the super-surface unit structure to match the materials of corresponding circular conductor patches and media. In addition, the electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the structural sizes of the used super-surface unit structures are the same, only the orientation angles of the two element structures are different, the manufacturing process of the two-dimensional array is simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced to a great extent.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging a plurality of super surface unit structures in a two-dimensional array; the super surface unit structure comprises a first element structure and a second element structure which are in cascade connection and have the same structure;
and adjusting the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure according to the amplitude and the phase of the position of the super surface unit structure to be regulated, enabling the difference of the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure to correspond to the amplitude of the regulation, and enabling the sum of the orientation angles of the first element structure and the second element structure to correspond to the phase of the regulation.
2. The electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase control method according to claim 1, wherein the orientation angles of the first and second meta-structures are adjusted according to the following correspondence, so that the difference between the orientation angles of the first and second meta-structures corresponds to the amplitude to be controlled:
A＝cos(θ 2 -θ 1 )
wherein, theta 1 Denotes the orientation angle, θ, of the first element structure 2 Representing the orientation angle of the second element structure, and a representing the magnitude of the desired modulation.
3. The electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the orientation angles of the first and second element structures are adjusted according to the following correspondence, so that the sum of the orientation angles of the first and second element structures corresponds to the phase to be regulated:
when the incident wave is right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave and the transmitted wave is left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, sigma =1; when the incident wave is a left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave and the transmitted wave is a right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, sigma = -1,
indicating the phase of the desired modulation。
4. The method for regulating amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves of claim 3, wherein the orientation angle θ of the first element structure to be regulated 1 If the angle is larger than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonance ring in the first unitary structure by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction anticlockwise, and enabling the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction to be the orientation angle theta of the first unitary structure 1 (ii) a If the orientation angle theta of the first element structure needs to be adjusted 1 If the angle is less than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonance ring in the first unitary structure clockwise by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction, and enabling the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction to be the orientation angle theta of the first unitary structure 1 ；
If the orientation angle theta of the second element structure needs to be adjusted 2 If the angle is larger than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonant ring in the second binary structure counterclockwise by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction, so that the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction is the orientation angle theta of the second binary structure 2 (ii) a If the orientation angle theta of the second element structure needs to be adjusted 2 If the angle is less than 0, rotating the symmetry axis of the C-shaped hole type resonance ring in the second binary structure clockwise by a corresponding angle along the horizontal direction, and enabling the included angle between the symmetry axis and the horizontal direction to be the orientation angle theta of the second binary structure 2 。
5. The electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first and second element structures each include a dielectric substrate and two identical circular conductor patches symmetrically attached to two sides of the dielectric substrate; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the dielectric substrate and the two circular conductor patches have the same geometric center; and a C-shaped hole type resonance ring is arranged on the circular conductor patch, and the circular conductor patch is made of a corresponding perfect electric conductor under the electromagnetic wave frequency band.
6. The electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase control method according to claim 5, wherein an air layer is provided between the first and second element structures.
7. The method for regulating the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves of claim 6, wherein the thickness of the air layer between the first elementary structure and the second elementary structure is in a range of [4.75mm,5.25mm ].
8. The method for controlling amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the circular conductor patch is [0.0171mm,0.0189mm ], the radius is [3.325mm,3.675mm ], the inner radius of the C-shaped hole type resonance ring is [2.85mm,3.15mm ], the outer radius is [3.04mm,3.36mm ], and the partition width corresponding to the C-shaped hole type resonance ring is [0.19mm,0.21mm ].
9. The electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase control method according to claim 5, wherein the dielectric substrate is a square structure, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate ranges from [1.425mm to [ 1.575mm ].
10. The method for regulating the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic waves as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method for regulating the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic waves can be used for beam generation regulation, holographic imaging regulation or beam focusing regulation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110516227.1A CN115347369A (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation and control method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110516227.1A CN115347369A (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation and control method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115347369A true CN115347369A (en) | 2022-11-15 |
Family
ID=83977761
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110516227.1A Pending CN115347369A (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation and control method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115347369A (en) |
-
2021
- 2021-05-12 CN CN202110516227.1A patent/CN115347369A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Fan et al. | Broadband high-efficiency cross-polarization conversion and multi-functional wavefront manipulation based on chiral structure metasurface for terahertz wave | |
| Xu et al. | Broadband vortex beam generation using multimode Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface | |
| Li et al. | Single-layer focusing gradient metasurface for ultrathin planar lens antenna application | |
| Su et al. | A flat dual-polarized transformation-optics beamscanning Luneburg lens antenna using PCB-stacked gradient index metamaterials | |
| Li et al. | X-band phase-gradient metasurface for high-gain lens antenna application | |
| Feng et al. | Octave bandwidth transmitarrays with a flat gain | |
| Jiang et al. | Wideband transmit arrays based on anisotropic impedance surfaces for circularly polarized single-feed multibeam generation in the Q-band | |
| Wong et al. | Polarization considerations for scalar Huygens metasurfaces and characterization for 2-D refraction | |
| Wu et al. | Broadband transmission-type 1-bit coding metasurface for electromagnetic beam forming and scanning | |
| CN110957581A (en) | Three-function super-surface integrated device based on geometric Bell phase and design method thereof | |
| CN107404008B (en) | High efficiency circularly polarized beam splitter design | |
| Wu et al. | Orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode-reconfigurable discrete dielectric lens operating at 300 GHz | |
| Liu et al. | Conformal polarization conversion metasurface for omni-directional circular polarization antenna application | |
| CN214754180U (en) | Transmission type super-surface unit structure and electromagnetic wave amplitude and phase regulation and control device | |
| Wu et al. | Transmissive metasurface with independent amplitude/phase control and its application to low-side-lobe metalens antenna | |
| CN113300119A (en) | Transmission type super surface for circularly polarized beam forming and design method | |
| Hao et al. | A single-layer focusing metasurface based on induced magnetism | |
| Dhouibi et al. | Planar metamaterial-based beam-scanning broadband microwave antenna | |
| CN111737777A (en) | Design method based on non-uniform transmission broadband PB super surface | |
| Li et al. | Wideband beam-forming metasurface with simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation | |
| Li et al. | Bifunctional circularly-polarized lenses with simultaneous geometrical and propagating phase control metasurfaces | |
| Zheng et al. | Compact cylinder Luneburg-lens antennas based on 3-D-printing technology | |
| Iqbal et al. | Polarization-selective dual-band digital coding metasurface for controls of transmitted waves | |
| Lin et al. | Single-layer re-organizable all-dielectric meta-lens platform for arbitrary transmissive phase manipulation at millimeter-wave frequencies | |
| Yu et al. | A high-efficiency and broadband folded reflectarray based on an anisotropic metasurface for generating orbital angular momentum vortex beams |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |