CN115343763B - Ant body attribute dip angle correction method based on seismic event zero-phase discrimination - Google Patents
Ant body attribute dip angle correction method based on seismic event zero-phase discrimination Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/364—Seismic filtering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/20—Trace signal pre-filtering to select, remove or transform specific events or signal components, i.e. trace-in/trace-out
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
- G01V2210/52—Move-out correction
- G01V2210/522—Dip move-out [DMO]
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/64—Geostructures, e.g. in 3D data cubes
- G01V2210/642—Faults
Abstract
The invention provides an ant body attribute dip angle correction method based on seismic event zero-phase discrimination, which comprises the following steps: performing fault protection-based frequency division diffusion filtering treatment on the post-stack seismic data; performing gradient characteristic attribute calculation; calculating dip angle attributes; gradient replacement is carried out according to different conditions; judging the phase of the phase axis zero, and identifying the phase axis zero phase of the stable stratum under different stratum conditions; according to the judging result of the phase zero phase of the phase axis, carrying out ant attribute value correction according to the situation; filtering and line thinning are carried out, so that the continuity and resolution of the ant body attribute are improved; and carrying out seismic identification of the low-order faults under the condition of high stratum inclination angles based on the ant body attributes obtained by the steps. The ant body attribute inclination correction method based on the seismic on-phase axis zero-phase discrimination realizes the inclination correction of the ant body attribute at the inclined stratum, and improves the accuracy of identifying the broken layer of the ant body attribute at the inclined stratum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield development, in particular to an ant body attribute dip angle correction method based on zero-phase discrimination of an earthquake phase axis.
Background
Along with the continuous deep development of the complex fault oil deposit, the influence of the low-order fault on the development of the complex fault oil deposit is larger and larger, on one hand, the low-order fault controls the distribution of residual oil of the complex fault oil deposit, and on the other hand, the low-order fault influences the adjustment of the injection and production relation of an oil-water well in the development process of the complex fault oil deposit, so that the fine explanation of the low-order fault is important for the development of the complex fault oil deposit. The fine explanation of low-order faults often needs to combine fault attributes, but conventional fault attributes such as ant body attributes and the like have larger fault identification errors at positions with larger stratum dip angles, wherein the reason for the larger fault identification errors of the ant body attributes is that in the ant tracking process, the phase axis zero phase of the inclined stratum is also identified as a fault, so that larger fault identification false images are caused. The former aims to solve the problems, and the direction of ant tracking is set according to the stratum inclination direction in the ant body attribute extraction process, but when stratum conditions are complex, the error of ant body attribute identification fault caused by inclined stratum cannot be effectively solved.
In application number: in the chinese patent application CN201710950865.8, a method and apparatus for quickly identifying a coal seam fault are related; wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data of a set coal field area; performing structure-oriented filtering on the seismic data; processing the filtered seismic data by adopting an ant tracking algorithm to generate an ant seismic attribute data body corresponding to the seismic data; extracting horizon attribute slices of a target layer from an ant seismic attribute data body; and identifying the coal seam small fault structure of the coal field area according to the horizon attribute slice.
In application number: the patent application CN201610384344.6 relates to a method and a device for predicting the spatial distribution of underground cracks based on seismic data, and relates to the technical field of the spatial distribution prediction of underground cracks. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data and logging data; performing well earthquake calibration, performing objective layer structure interpretation on the earthquake data, and determining the top and bottom boundaries of an objective layer to be predicted; denoising the seismic data to form a denoised seismic data volume; determining coherence properties and ant tracking properties of the denoised seismic data volume; correcting the value range variation range of the ant tracking attribute into the value range variation range of the coherence attribute; fusing ant tracking attributes after value range variation range correction with coherent attributes to form a crack prediction sensitive attribute body; and predicting the spatial distribution form of the underground cracks in the top and bottom boundaries according to the numerical value of the crack prediction sensitivity attribute body in the spatial range.
In application number: in CN201611177648.1, a method for quantitatively predicting cracks based on seismic attributes is related. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring three-dimensional seismic data and logging data of a target layer, and acquiring structural explanation of the target layer based on the two data; denoising the three-dimensional seismic data; performing coherent attribute calculation on the denoised three-dimensional seismic data body to obtain a coherent attribute body; performing curvature attribute calculation on the three-dimensional seismic data body subjected to denoising treatment to obtain a curvature attribute body; performing value range correction on the coherence attribute body; calculating to obtain a crack prediction attribute body based on the curvature attribute body and the corrected coherence attribute body; and predicting the spatial distribution information of the underground cracks according to the crack prediction attribute body.
The prior art is greatly different from the invention, and the technical problem which is needed to be solved by the invention is not solved, so that the invention provides a novel ant body attribute inclination angle correction method based on the zero-phase discrimination of the same phase axis of an earthquake.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ant attribute dip angle correction method based on seismic event zero-phase discrimination, which improves the applicability of ant attributes at high dip angle stratum and the attribute interpretation capability of low-order faults.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the ant body attribute dip angle correction method based on the seismic event zero phase discrimination comprises the following steps:
step 1: performing fault protection-based frequency division diffusion filtering treatment on the post-stack seismic data;
step 2: performing gradient characteristic attribute calculation to obtain horizontal, vertical and diagonal gradient data of the seismic data;
step 3: performing dip attribute calculation to obtain dip data of the seismic data;
step 4: judging whether the stratum is inclined and the inclination direction of the stratum by using the inclination angle data, and then carrying out gradient replacement according to different conditions;
step 5: judging the phase of the phase axis zero, and identifying the phase axis zero phase of the stable stratum under different stratum conditions;
step 6: according to the judging result of the phase zero phase of the phase axis, carrying out ant attribute value correction according to the situation;
step 7: filtering and line thinning are carried out, so that the continuity and resolution of the ant body attribute are improved;
step 8: and carrying out seismic identification of the low-order faults under the condition of high stratum inclination angles based on the ant body attributes obtained by the steps.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures:
in step 1, frequency division diffusion filtering processing based on fault protection is carried out on the original post-stack seismic data, the maximum curvature attribute is introduced in the processing process as a fault protection factor, boundary information of faults is protected in the denoising process, and the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution ratio of the seismic data are improved.
In step 2, performing gradient feature attribute calculation on the seismic data after denoising, and calculating the gradient feature attribute of the seismic data by using a Sobel operator to obtain a horizontal gradient f of the seismic data respectively x Vertical gradient f y Two diagonal gradients f xx 、f yy 。
In step 3, performing dip angle attribute calculation on the seismic data after denoising treatment, and obtaining a new stratum dip angle calculation formula by improving the traditional gradient azimuth formula, and calculating dip angle attribute of the seismic data by using the formula so as to further judge whether the stratum is inclined and stratum tendency thereof.
In step 3, the formation dip angle calculation formula is:
wherein: dip is an attribute value reflecting the dip angle of the formation, f x Is the horizontal gradient of the seismic data, f y Is the vertical gradient of the seismic data.
In step 4, after the inclination angle attribute data of the seismic data are obtained by calculation, determining the discriminant criteria of the inclined stratum by carrying out statistical analysis on the data at different stratum inclination degrees.
In step 4, the seismic data is gradient replaced based on the criteria of the inclined formation, wherein for a near-horizontal formation, no gradient replacement is performed, and for an inclined formation, the diagonal gradient along the formation direction is replaced with the original horizontal gradient, and the diagonal gradient along the vertical formation direction is replaced with the original vertical gradient.
In step 5, the phase axis zero phase of the stable stratum is determined by using the replaced gradient data, wherein the replaced vertical gradient f sy Greater than the post-replacement horizontal gradient f sx Is considered as the phase zero phase of the same phase axis of the stable stratum, and the horizontal gradient f after replacement sx Greater than the post-substitution vertical gradient f sy Is considered a fault.
In step 6, firstly, a critical value a of an ant body attribute indicating fault, an ant body attribute maximum value A reflecting fault and an ant body attribute minimum value B reflecting stable stratum are determined through statistical analysis, then, according to a discrimination result of a phase axis zero phase, correction of an ant body attribute value is carried out according to the situation, a gradient characteristic is the phase axis zero phase and the ant body attribute is displayed as the position of the fault, the ant body attribute value is corrected to the ant body attribute minimum value B, the gradient characteristic is the fault and the ant body attribute is displayed as the position of the stable stratum, the ant body attribute value is corrected to the ant body attribute maximum value A, and other situations keep the original ant body attribute value:
wherein: ant (Ant) new For the ant body attribute after inclination correction, ant is the original ant body attribute, f sy Is a vertical gradient after gradient replacement, f sx For the horizontal gradient after gradient replacement, a is the critical value of the fault indicated by the ant body attribute.
In step 7, the corrected ant body attribute is subjected to filtering treatment and line thinning treatment, firstly, the corrected ant body attribute is subjected to filtering treatment by utilizing median filtering based on a rectangular time window, isolated data points are eliminated, continuity of the ant body attribute is improved, then, the filtered ant body attribute is subjected to line thinning treatment by utilizing a thinning algorithm, resolution of the ant body attribute is improved, and finally, by utilizing a time window of 3x3, transverse lines among layers are eliminated by judging whether data are horizontally spread or not, and accuracy of the ant body attribute is improved.
In step 8, the seismic identification of low-order faults under the high stratum dip angle condition is performed by using the dip angle corrected ant body attribute.
According to the ant body attribute inclination correction method based on the seismic event zero-phase discrimination, the ant body attribute fault identification error caused by the high inclination stratum is eliminated, and the applicability of the ant body attribute at the high inclination stratum and the attribute interpretation capability of the low-order fault are improved. According to the ant body attribute inclination correction method based on the seismic on-phase zero-phase discrimination, gradient structure tensor analysis is carried out on seismic data, gradient difference characteristics of on-phase zero-phase and faults at the inclined stratum are determined, inclination correction of the ant body attribute at the inclined stratum is further achieved, and accuracy of identification of the ant body attribute at the inclined stratum is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of an ant body attribute dip correction method based on seismic event zero phase discrimination according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a template for computing seismic data gradient feature attributes using a Sobel operator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gradient replacement flow under trend-based control in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the attribute sections and horizontal slices of ants before and after tilt correction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the interpretation results of the interruption layer with the ant body attribute profile and the original seismic profile corrected by the inclination angle according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
By comparing the ant body properties at the inclined stratum with the seismic data, the position where the fault artifact appears is basically near the phase-in-axis zero phase, and by carrying out gradient structure tensor analysis on the seismic data, obvious differences exist between the phase-in-axis zero phase at the inclined stratum and the diagonal gradient characteristics of the fault, wherein the diagonal gradient of the inclined stratum along the stratum at the phase-in-axis zero phase is smaller than the diagonal gradient of the vertical stratum, and the diagonal gradient of the fault along the stratum is larger than the diagonal gradient of the vertical gradient layer. At this time, the gradient data after gradient replacement under stratum trend control can be used for distinguishing the phase axis zero phase and faults of the inclined stratum, on the basis, the ant body attribute value is corrected according to different earthquake phenomena, and the inclination angle correction of the ant body attribute under the inclined stratum condition is realized.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of an ant body attribute inclination correction method based on seismic event zero-phase discrimination according to the present invention.
Step 1: performing fault protection-based frequency division diffusion filtering treatment on the post-stack seismic data, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic data;
and performing fault protection-based frequency division diffusion filtering treatment on the original post-stack seismic data, introducing a maximum curvature attribute as a fault protection factor in the treatment process, and protecting boundary information such as faults in the denoising process.
Step 2: performing gradient characteristic attribute calculation on the seismic data subjected to denoising treatment to obtain horizontal, vertical and diagonal gradient data of the seismic data;
calculating gradient characteristic attribute of the seismic data by utilizing Sobel operator to respectively obtain horizontal gradient f of the seismic data x Vertical gradient f y Two diagonal gradients f xx 、f yy . FIG. 2 is a template for computing seismic data gradient feature attributes using a Sobel operator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
step 3: performing dip angle attribute calculation on the seismic data subjected to denoising treatment to obtain dip angle data of the seismic data;
by improving the traditional gradient azimuth formula, a new stratum inclination angle calculation formula is obtained, and the inclination angle attribute of the seismic data is calculated by using the formula, so that whether the stratum is inclined and the stratum tendency of the stratum are judged.
Wherein: dip is an attribute value reflecting the dip angle of the formation, f x Is the horizontal gradient of the seismic data, f y Is the vertical gradient of the seismic data.
Step 4: judging whether the stratum is inclined and the inclination direction of the stratum by using the inclination angle data, and then carrying out gradient replacement according to different conditions;
after the dip angle attribute data of the seismic data are obtained through calculation, determining the discriminant standard of the dip stratum through data statistical analysis on the dip degrees of different strata.
And carrying out gradient replacement on the seismic data based on the discrimination criteria of the inclined stratum, wherein for the near-horizontal stratum, gradient replacement is not carried out, and for the inclined stratum, the diagonal gradient along the stratum direction replaces the original horizontal gradient, and the diagonal gradient along the vertical stratum direction replaces the original vertical gradient. Fig. 3 shows the main flow of gradient replacement.
Step 5: judging the phase axis zero phase by using gradient data after gradient replacement, and identifying the phase axis zero phase of the stable stratum under different stratum conditions;
judging the phase axis zero phase of the stable stratum by using the replaced gradient data, wherein the replaced vertical gradient f sy Greater than the post-replacement horizontal gradient f sx Is considered as the phase zero phase of the same phase axis of the stable stratum, and the horizontal gradient f after replacement sx Greater than the post-substitution vertical gradient f sy Is considered a fault.
Step 6: according to the judging result of the phase zero phase of the phase axis, carrying out ant attribute value correction according to the situation;
firstly, determining a critical value a of an ant body attribute indicating fault, an ant body attribute maximum value A reflecting fault and an ant body attribute minimum value B reflecting stable stratum through statistical analysis, then correcting the ant body attribute value according to the discrimination result of the phase axis zero phase, displaying the gradient characteristic as the position of the phase axis zero phase and the ant body attribute as the fault, correcting the ant body attribute value as the ant body attribute minimum value B, displaying the gradient characteristic as the position of the fault and the ant body attribute as the stable stratum, correcting the ant body attribute value as the ant body attribute maximum value A, and keeping the original ant body attribute value under other conditions.
Wherein: ant (Ant) new For the ant body attribute after inclination correction, ant is the original ant body attribute, f sy Is a vertical gradient after gradient replacement, f sx Is a horizontal gradient after gradient replacement, a is an ant body attribute indexShowing the critical value of the fault.
Step 7: filtering and line thinning are carried out on the corrected ant body attribute, so that the continuity and resolution of the ant body attribute are improved;
firstly, filtering the corrected ant body attribute by using median filtering based on a rectangular time window to eliminate isolated data points, improving continuity of the ant body attribute, then, carrying out line refinement on the filtered ant body attribute by using a refinement algorithm to improve resolution of the ant body attribute, and finally, judging whether data are horizontally spread or not by using a 3x3 time window to eliminate transverse lines between broken layers and improve accuracy of the ant body attribute. Fig. 4 shows the results of comparing the ant body properties before and after inclination correction.
Step 8: and carrying out seismic identification of the low-order faults under the condition of high stratum inclination angles based on the ant body attributes obtained by the steps.
The ant body attribute after inclination correction can be used for carrying out earthquake identification of low-order faults under the condition of high stratum inclination. Fig. 5 shows a graph of inclination-corrected ant body attribute profiles and a comparison of original seismic profiles with fault interpretation results, showing that inclination-corrected ant body attributes effectively reflect fault development characteristics of formations with different formation inclination angles, particularly high inclination angles.
The following are several specific examples of the application of the present invention.
Example 1:
in one embodiment 1 of the present invention, the seismic data shows a dip in the formation direction of an upwardly inclined formation, with the formation dip generally ranging from 10 to 25 °. The ant body attribute dip angle correction method based on the seismic event zero-phase discrimination comprises the following steps:
step 101: and carrying out frequency division diffusion filtering processing based on fault protection on the original seismic data. High quality seismic data is the basis for low order fault seismic identification, and requires both a high signal-to-noise ratio and a guaranteed resolution. Therefore, the invention combines the wavelet frequency division processing method and the anisotropic diffusion filtering method, effectively improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the processed seismic data, and simultaneously protects boundary information such as broken layers and the like.
Step 102: calculating gradient characteristic attribute of processed seismic data by using Sobel operator with 5x5 size, wherein the gradient characteristic attribute comprises horizontal gradient f x Vertical gradient f y Two diagonal gradients f xx 、f yy 。
Step 103: by improving the traditional gradient azimuth formula, the invention provides a new stratum inclination angle calculation formula, so as to calculate inclination angle attribute data of the seismic data, and the new inclination angle attribute can not reflect the real stratum inclination angle, so that the inclination angle attribute discrimination threshold value of the inclined stratum needs to be further determined. By setting the stratum tendency discrimination threshold value, whether the stratum is inclined or not and the stratum inclination direction can be clarified. Wherein the new formation dip angle calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: dip is an attribute value reflecting the dip angle of the formation, fx is the horizontal gradient of the seismic data, and fy is the vertical gradient of the seismic data.
Step 104: statistical analysis of the dip angle data shows that the attribute discrimination threshold of the dip angle stratum is approximately 25 degrees, when the dip angle attribute value is more than or equal to 25 degrees, the stratum is the dip angle stratum, and when the dip angle attribute value is less than 25 degrees, the stratum is approximately the horizontal stratum. For a near horizontal formation, the gradient replacement is performed differently, while for an inclined formation, two diagonal gradients are replaced with the original horizontal and vertical gradients, respectively, according to the formation inclination, wherein the diagonal gradient along the formation direction replaces the original horizontal gradient, and the diagonal gradient along the vertical formation direction replaces the original vertical gradient.
Step 105: after finishing gradient replacement, judging the phase axis zero phase of the stable stratum by using the replaced gradient data, wherein the replaced vertical gradient f sy Greater than the post-replacement horizontal gradient f sx Is considered as the phase zero phase of the same phase axis of the stable stratum, and the horizontal gradient f after replacement sx Greater than the post-substitution vertical gradient f sy Is the position of (2)Considered to be faults.
Step 106: according to the judging result of the phase axis zero phase, the ant body attribute value is corrected according to the situation, before the situation, firstly, the critical value a of the ant body attribute indicating fault, the ant body attribute maximum value A reflecting the fault and the ant body attribute minimum value B reflecting the stable stratum are determined through statistical analysis, then the gradient characteristic is the phase axis zero phase and the ant body attribute is displayed as the position of the fault, the ant body attribute value is corrected to the ant body attribute minimum value B, the gradient characteristic is the fault and the ant body attribute is displayed as the position of the stable stratum, the ant body attribute value is corrected to the ant body attribute maximum value A, and the original ant body attribute value is reserved under other situations.
Wherein: ant (Ant) new For the ant body attribute after inclination correction, ant is the original ant body attribute, f sy Is a vertical gradient after gradient replacement, f sx For the horizontal gradient after gradient replacement, a is the critical value of the fault indicated by the ant body attribute.
Step 107: after finishing the inclination correction of the ant body attribute, performing filtering treatment on the corrected ant body attribute by utilizing median filtering based on a rectangular time window, eliminating isolated data points, improving the continuity of the ant body attribute, performing line refinement treatment on the filtered ant body attribute by utilizing a refinement algorithm, improving the resolution of the ant body attribute, and finally, judging whether data are horizontally spread or not by utilizing a 3x3 time window, eliminating transverse lines between broken layers and improving the accuracy of the ant body attribute.
Step 108: and carrying out low-order fault identification and interpretation of the high-dip stratum by utilizing the ant body attribute after dip correction.
Example 2:
in one embodiment 2 of the present invention, the seismic data shows a dip in the formation dip direction, the formation dip angle generally ranging from 10 to 20 °. The ant body attribute dip angle correction method based on the seismic event zero-phase discrimination comprises the following steps:
step 101: and carrying out frequency division diffusion filtering processing based on fault protection on the original seismic data. High quality seismic data is the basis for low order fault seismic identification, and requires both a high signal-to-noise ratio and a guaranteed resolution. Therefore, the invention combines the wavelet frequency division processing method and the anisotropic diffusion filtering method, effectively improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the processed seismic data, and simultaneously protects boundary information such as broken layers and the like.
Step 102: calculating gradient characteristic attribute of processed seismic data by using Sobel operator with 5x5 size, wherein the gradient characteristic attribute comprises horizontal gradient f x Vertical gradient f y Two diagonal gradients f xx 、f yy 。
Step 103: by improving the traditional gradient azimuth formula, the invention provides a new stratum inclination angle calculation formula, so as to calculate inclination angle attribute data of the seismic data, and the new inclination angle attribute can not reflect the real stratum inclination angle, so that the inclination angle attribute discrimination threshold value of the inclined stratum needs to be further determined. By setting the stratum tendency discrimination threshold value, whether the stratum is inclined or not and the stratum inclination direction can be clarified. Wherein the new formation dip angle calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: dip is an attribute value reflecting the dip angle of the formation, fx is the horizontal gradient of the seismic data, and fy is the vertical gradient of the seismic data.
Step 104: statistical analysis of the dip angle data shows that the attribute discrimination threshold of the dip angle stratum is approximately-40 degrees, when the dip angle attribute value is less than or equal to-40 degrees, the stratum is the dip angle stratum, and when the dip angle attribute value is > -40 degrees, the stratum is approximately the horizontal stratum. For a near horizontal formation, the gradient replacement is performed differently, while for an inclined formation, two diagonal gradients are replaced with the original horizontal and vertical gradients, respectively, according to the formation inclination, wherein the diagonal gradient along the formation direction replaces the original horizontal gradient, and the diagonal gradient along the vertical formation direction replaces the original vertical gradient.
Step 105: after finishing gradient replacement, judging the phase axis zero phase of the stable stratum by using the replaced gradient data, wherein the replaced vertical gradient f sy Greater than the post-replacement horizontal gradient f sx Is considered as the phase zero phase of the same phase axis of the stable stratum, and the horizontal gradient f after replacement sx Greater than the post-substitution vertical gradient f sy Is considered a fault.
Step 106: according to the judging result of the phase axis zero phase, the ant body attribute value is corrected according to the situation, before the situation, firstly, the critical value a of the ant body attribute indicating fault, the ant body attribute maximum value A reflecting the fault and the ant body attribute minimum value B reflecting the stable stratum are determined through statistical analysis, then the gradient characteristic is the phase axis zero phase and the ant body attribute is displayed as the position of the fault, the ant body attribute value is corrected to the ant body attribute minimum value B, the gradient characteristic is the fault and the ant body attribute is displayed as the position of the stable stratum, the ant body attribute value is corrected to the ant body attribute maximum value A, and the original ant body attribute value is reserved under other situations.
Wherein: ant (Ant) new For the ant body attribute after inclination correction, ant is the original ant body attribute, f sy Is a vertical gradient after gradient replacement, f sx For the horizontal gradient after gradient replacement, a is the critical value of the fault indicated by the ant body attribute.
Step 107: after finishing the inclination correction of the ant body attribute, performing filtering treatment on the corrected ant body attribute by utilizing median filtering based on a rectangular time window, eliminating isolated data points, improving the continuity of the ant body attribute, performing line refinement treatment on the filtered ant body attribute by utilizing a refinement algorithm, improving the resolution of the ant body attribute, and finally, judging whether data are horizontally spread or not by utilizing a 3x3 time window, eliminating transverse lines between broken layers and improving the accuracy of the ant body attribute.
Step 108: and carrying out low-order fault identification and interpretation of the high-dip stratum by utilizing the ant body attribute after dip correction.
Example 3:
in one embodiment 3 of the present invention, the seismic data shows that the formation dip direction is in the presence of both an updip formation and a downdip formation, with formation dip angles generally ranging from 10 to 25 °. The ant body attribute dip angle correction method based on the seismic event zero-phase discrimination comprises the following steps:
step 101: and carrying out frequency division diffusion filtering processing based on fault protection on the original seismic data. High quality seismic data is the basis for low order fault seismic identification, and requires both a high signal-to-noise ratio and a guaranteed resolution. Therefore, the invention combines the wavelet frequency division processing method and the anisotropic diffusion filtering method, effectively improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the processed seismic data, and simultaneously protects boundary information such as broken layers and the like.
Step 102: calculating gradient characteristic attribute of processed seismic data by using Sobel operator with 5x5 size, wherein the gradient characteristic attribute comprises horizontal gradient f x Vertical gradient f y Two diagonal gradients f xx 、f yy 。
Step 103: by improving the traditional gradient azimuth formula, the invention provides a new stratum inclination angle calculation formula, so as to calculate inclination angle attribute data of the seismic data, and the new inclination angle attribute can not reflect the real stratum inclination angle, so that the inclination angle attribute discrimination threshold value of the inclined stratum needs to be further determined. By setting the stratum tendency discrimination threshold value, whether the stratum is inclined or not and the stratum inclination direction can be clarified. Wherein the new formation dip angle calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: dip is an attribute value reflecting the dip angle of the formation, fx is the horizontal gradient of the seismic data, and fy is the vertical gradient of the seismic data.
Step 104: statistical analysis of the dip angle data shows that when the stratum exists in both an upward dip stratum and a downward dip stratum, the stratum is a nearly horizontal stratum when the dip angle value is between-40 and 25 degrees, the stratum is an upward dip stratum when the dip angle value is more than or equal to 25 degrees, and the stratum is a downward dip stratum when the dip angle value is less than or equal to-40 degrees. For a near horizontal formation, the gradient replacement is performed differently, while for an inclined formation, two diagonal gradients are replaced with the original horizontal and vertical gradients, respectively, according to the formation inclination, wherein the diagonal gradient along the formation direction replaces the original horizontal gradient, and the diagonal gradient along the vertical formation direction replaces the original vertical gradient.
Step 105: after finishing gradient replacement, judging the phase axis zero phase of the stable stratum by using the replaced gradient data, wherein the replaced vertical gradient f sy Greater than the post-replacement horizontal gradient f sx Is considered as the phase zero phase of the same phase axis of the stable stratum, and the horizontal gradient f after replacement sx Greater than the post-substitution vertical gradient f sy Is considered a fault.
Step 106: according to the judging result of the phase axis zero phase, the ant body attribute value is corrected according to the situation, before the situation, firstly, the critical value a of the ant body attribute indicating fault, the ant body attribute maximum value A reflecting the fault and the ant body attribute minimum value B reflecting the stable stratum are determined through statistical analysis, then the gradient characteristic is the phase axis zero phase and the ant body attribute is displayed as the position of the fault, the ant body attribute value is corrected to the ant body attribute minimum value B, the gradient characteristic is the fault and the ant body attribute is displayed as the position of the stable stratum, the ant body attribute value is corrected to the ant body attribute maximum value A, and the original ant body attribute value is reserved under other situations.
Wherein: ant (Ant) new For the ant body attribute after inclination correction, ant is the original ant body attribute, f sy Is a vertical gradient after gradient replacement, f sx For the horizontal gradient after gradient replacement, a is the critical value of the fault indicated by the ant body attribute.
Step 107: after finishing the inclination correction of the ant body attribute, performing filtering treatment on the corrected ant body attribute by utilizing median filtering based on a rectangular time window, eliminating isolated data points, improving the continuity of the ant body attribute, performing line refinement treatment on the filtered ant body attribute by utilizing a refinement algorithm, improving the resolution of the ant body attribute, and finally, judging whether data are horizontally spread or not by utilizing a 3x3 time window, eliminating transverse lines between broken layers and improving the accuracy of the ant body attribute.
Step 108: and carrying out low-order fault identification and interpretation of the high-dip stratum by utilizing the ant body attribute after dip correction.
Compared with the conventional ant body attribute, the ant body attribute subjected to inclination angle correction effectively eliminates fault artifacts caused by zero phase of the phase axis of the inclined stratum under different geological conditions, and improves the applicability of the ant body attribute at the stratum with high inclination angle and the attribute interpretation capability of low-order faults.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiment, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Other than the technical features described in the specification, all are known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The ant body attribute dip angle correction method based on the seismic event zero-phase discrimination is characterized by comprising the following steps of
Step 1: performing fault protection-based frequency division diffusion filtering treatment on the post-stack seismic data;
step 2: performing gradient characteristic attribute calculation to obtain horizontal, vertical and diagonal gradient data of the seismic data;
step 3: performing dip attribute calculation to obtain dip data of the seismic data;
step 4: judging whether the stratum is inclined and the inclination direction of the stratum by using the inclination angle data, and then carrying out gradient replacement according to different conditions;
step 5: judging the phase of the phase axis zero, and identifying the phase axis zero phase of the stable stratum under different stratum conditions;
step 6: according to the judging result of the phase zero phase of the phase axis, carrying out ant attribute value correction according to the situation;
step 7: filtering and line thinning are carried out, so that the continuity and resolution of the ant body attribute are improved;
step 8: based on the ant body attribute obtained in the steps, carrying out earthquake identification of low-order faults under the condition of high stratum inclination angle;
in step 6, firstly, a critical value a of an ant body attribute indicating fault, an ant body attribute maximum value A reflecting fault and an ant body attribute minimum value B reflecting stable stratum are determined through statistical analysis, then, according to a discrimination result of a phase axis zero phase, correction of an ant body attribute value is carried out according to the situation, a gradient characteristic is the phase axis zero phase and the ant body attribute is displayed as the position of the fault, the ant body attribute value is corrected to the ant body attribute minimum value B, the gradient characteristic is the fault and the ant body attribute is displayed as the position of the stable stratum, the ant body attribute value is corrected to the ant body attribute maximum value A, and other situations keep the original ant body attribute value:
wherein: ant (Ant) new For the ant body attribute after inclination correction, ant is the original ant body attribute, f sy Is a vertical gradient after gradient replacement, f sx For the horizontal gradient after gradient replacement, a is the critical value of the fault indicated by the ant body attribute.
2. The ant body attribute inclination correction method based on the seismic event zero-phase discrimination according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, frequency division diffusion filtering processing based on fault protection is performed on original post-stack seismic data, a maximum curvature attribute is introduced as a fault protection factor in the processing process, boundary information of faults is protected in the denoising process, and the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic data are improved.
3. The method for correcting dip angle of ant body attribute based on zero phase discrimination of same-phase axis of earthquake according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, gradient characteristic attribute calculation is performed on denoised seismic data, gradient characteristic attribute of the seismic data is calculated by Sobel operator, and horizontal gradient f of the seismic data is obtained respectively x Vertical gradient f y Two diagonal gradients f xx 、f yy 。
4. The ant body attribute inclination correction method based on the seismic event zero-phase discrimination according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, inclination attribute calculation is performed on the seismic data after denoising, a new stratum inclination calculation formula is obtained by improving a traditional gradient azimuth formula, and inclination attribute of the seismic data is calculated by using the formula, so that whether the stratum is inclined or not and stratum tendency thereof are judged.
5. The method for correcting the dip angle of the ant body attribute based on the zero-phase discrimination of the same phase axis of an earthquake according to claim 4, wherein in step 3, a formation dip angle calculation formula is:
wherein: dip is an attribute value reflecting the dip angle of the formation, f x Is the horizontal gradient of the seismic data, f y Is the vertical gradient of the seismic data.
6. The method for correcting the inclination angle of the ant body attribute based on the zero-phase discrimination of the same phase axis of an earthquake according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, after calculating the inclination angle attribute data of the earthquake data, the discrimination criteria of the inclined stratum are determined by the data statistical analysis of the inclination degrees of different strata.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step 4, the gradient replacement is performed on the seismic data based on the criterion of the inclined stratum, wherein the gradient replacement is not performed on the near-horizontal stratum, and the diagonal gradient along the stratum direction is replaced with the original horizontal gradient and the diagonal gradient along the vertical stratum direction is replaced with the original vertical gradient on the inclined stratum.
8. The method for correcting dip angle of ant body attribute based on seismic event zero phase discrimination according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, discrimination of stable stratum event zero phase is performed by using replaced gradient data, wherein the replaced vertical gradient f sy Greater than the post-replacement horizontal gradient f sx Is considered as the phase zero phase of the same phase axis of the stable stratum, and the horizontal gradient f after replacement sx Greater than or equal to the post-substitution vertical gradient f sy Is considered a fault.
9. The method for correcting the inclination angle of the ant body attribute based on the zero-phase discrimination of the same phase axis of the earthquake according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7, the corrected ant body attribute is subjected to filtering treatment and line thinning treatment, firstly, the corrected ant body attribute is subjected to filtering treatment by utilizing median filtering based on a rectangular time window, isolated data points are eliminated, continuity of the ant body attribute is improved, then, the filtered ant body attribute is subjected to line thinning treatment by utilizing a thinning algorithm, resolution of the ant body attribute is improved, finally, by utilizing a time window of 3x3, transverse lines among broken layers are eliminated by judging whether data are horizontally spread, and accuracy of the ant body attribute is improved.
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