CN115331970A - 一种自粘附软电极材料及其加工方法 - Google Patents
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- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 229910013292 LiNiO Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
本发明涉及级电容器材料技术领域，具体公开了一种自粘附软电极材料及其加工方法。所述自粘附软电极材料包括支撑基体、导电填充物和金属粒子，所述的金属粒子为LiNiO2原料在酸性气氛下进行加工形成的共构体；所述的导电填充物和金属粒子相互熔融且连续的分布在支撑基体的内部；支撑基体形成包裹外层，包裹外层上开设有纳米级透孔。本发明中的LiNiO2在酸性气氛中可以Li+和Ni3+的形式存在，大大提高了离子交换反应的进程，提高了充放电效果。使用NiOOH和LiOH作为原料清洁且环保，制备工艺简单，操作条件温和，可移植性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及超级电容器材料技术领域，具体涉及一种自粘附软电极材料及其加工方法。
背景技术
超级电容器是一种介于传统平板电容器和化学电源之间的新型储能器件，具有高功率密度、大容量、快速充放电、超长循环寿命、污染小、高可靠性等优点，其电容量可达法拉级别，在移动通讯、信息技术、电力系统、电动汽车、航空航天等方面都具有广阔的应用前景。按照储能机理，超级电容器可分为双电层电容器和赝电容器，前者是利用电极表面与电解液之间的静电吸引存储能量，此类电极材料主要是具有高比表面积的碳系材料，包括活性炭、碳气凝胶、碳纳米管、碳纤维和石墨烯等，但比电容量较低；后者是依靠电极材料与电解液之间的氧化还原反应产生法拉第电荷来存储电量，产生的电容量是双电层电容容量的10-100倍，该类电极材料有金属氧化物(如RuO2、Co3O4等)，其中RuO2电极材料具有良好的导电性，是一种综合性能优异的材料，但由于其价格高昂且有毒性，因而限制RuO2的产业化应用。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种自粘附软电极材料，所述自粘附软电极材料包括支撑基体、导电填充物和金属粒子，所述的金属粒子为LiNiO2原料在酸性气氛下进行加工形成的共构体；所述的导电填充物和金属粒子相互熔融且连续的分布在支撑基体的内部；支撑基体形成包裹外层，包裹外层上开设有纳米级透孔。
优选的：所述支撑基体、导电填充物和金属粒子的比重为：支撑基体5-15份、导电填充物40-80份，金属粒子5-55份。
优选的：所述支撑基体、导电填充物和金属粒子的比重为：支撑基体10份、导电填充物70份，金属粒子20份。
优选的：所述支撑基体是PVA、PVDF、PVB、聚氨酯中的一种或者多种组合。
优选的：所述支撑基体是PVA。
优选的：所述导电填充物是石墨烯、碳管、导电炭黑、膨胀石墨、纳米银线和碳纳米管中的一种或者多种组合。
优选的：所述支撑基体是纳米银线或碳纳米管。
本发明还提供一种自粘附软电极材料的加工方法，所述加工方法的步骤包括:
所需量的NiOOH和LiOH按照一个预先设置的摩尔比进行混合获得金属粒子混合物；
将所需量的导电填充物和金属粒子混合物混合并加入到碳酸氢铵溶液中；
在超声环境下充分搅拌，冷却后进行过滤；
将过滤物在一个预设的压力下压制成片；
然后将片状结构外表包裹支撑基体获得前驱体；
对前驱体进行煅烧使前驱体内部沉积的碳酸氢铵气化；
然后放置在PH为4-5的酸性溶液中浸泡12h，获得自粘附软电极材料。
优选的：所述NiOOH和LiOH的摩尔比是1:1.05。
优选的：所述碳酸氢铵溶液的浓度为21％。
本发明的技术效果和优点：通过LiNiO2在酸性气氛中可以Li+和Ni3+的形式存在，大大提高了离子交换反应的进程，提高了充放电效果。通过形成纳米级透孔，可以提高自粘附软电极材料的吸附能力和导电填充物、金属粒子分散的均匀性。使用NiOOH和LiOH作为原料清洁且环保，制备工艺简单，操作条件温和，可移植性强。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。本发明的实施例是为了示例和描述起见而给出的，而并不是无遗漏的或者将本发明限于所公开的形式。很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。选择和描述实施例是为了更好说明本发明的原理和实际应用，并且使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本发明从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实施例。
实施例1
将5份量的LiNiO2的原料NiOOH和LiOH按照摩尔比1:1.05进行混合获得金属粒子混合物。将80份量的纳米银线和金属粒子混合物混合并加入到碳酸氢铵溶液中。在超声环境下充分搅拌，冷却后进行过滤。将过滤物在15MPa的压力下压制成片，然后将片状结构外表包裹15份的PVA获得前驱体。对前驱体进行煅烧使前驱体内部沉积的碳酸氢铵气化，煅烧温度500℃。然后放置在PH为4的酸性溶液中浸泡12h，从而获得自粘附软电极材料。
实施例2
将55份量的LiNiO2的原料NiOOH和LiOH按照摩尔比1:1.05进行混合获得金属粒子混合物。将40份量的导电炭黑和金属粒子混合物混合并加入到碳酸氢铵溶液中。在超声环境下充分搅拌，冷却后进行过滤。将过滤物在25MPa的压力下压制成片，然后将片状结构外表包裹5份的PVDF获得前驱体。对前驱体进行煅烧使前驱体内部沉积的碳酸氢铵气化，煅烧温度600℃。然后放置在PH为5的酸性溶液中浸泡12h，从而获得自粘附软电极材料。
实施例3
将20份量的LiNiO2的原料NiOOH和LiOH按照摩尔比1:1.05进行混合获得金属粒子混合物。将70份量的碳纳米管和金属粒子混合物混合并加入到碳酸氢铵溶液中。在超声环境下充分搅拌，冷却后进行过滤。将过滤物在20MPa的压力下压制成片，然后将片状结构外表包裹10份的PVDF获得前驱体。对前驱体进行煅烧使前驱体内部沉积的碳酸氢铵气化，煅烧温度550℃。沉浸在PH为4.5的酸性溶液中浸泡12h，从而获得自粘附软电极材料。
实施例4
将20份量的LiNiO2的原料NiOOH和LiOH按照摩尔比1:1.05进行混合获得金属粒子混合物。将70份量的碳纳米管和金属粒子混合物混合在20MPa的压力下压制成片，然后将片状结构外表包裹10份的PVDF获得前驱体。对前驱体进行煅烧，煅烧温度550℃，然后放置在PH为4.5的酸性溶液中浸泡12h。获得自粘附软电极材料。
实施例5
将20份量的LiNiO2的原料NiOOH和LiOH按照摩尔比1:1.05进行混合获得金属粒子混合物。将混合物在20MPa的压力下压制成片，然后将片状结构进行煅烧，煅烧温度550℃，获得自粘附软电极材料。
对以上各个实施例获得的自粘附软电极材料进行充电比容量和放电比容量获得表1，具体内容如下：
由上述表1可知，实施例3中的获得的自粘附软电极材料进行充电比容量和放电比容量均是最大，可见支撑基体10份、导电填充物70份，金属粒子20份配比最优，在通过碳酸氢铵进行扩充增加分散的均匀性和比表面积大大的增加了充电比容量和放电比容量，且远远优于实施例5中的传统电极材料。由此可知LiNiO2共构体的优越性。
显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域及相关领域的普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。本发明中未具体描述和解释说明的结构、装置以及操作方法，如无特别说明和限定，均按照本领域的常规手段进行实施。
Claims (10)
1.一种自粘附软电极材料，其特征在于，所述自粘附软电极材料包括支撑基体、导电填充物和金属粒子，所述的金属粒子为LiNiO2原料在酸性气氛下进行加工形成的共构体；所述的导电填充物和金属粒子相互熔融且连续的分布在支撑基体的内部；支撑基体形成包裹外层，包裹外层上开设有纳米级透孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种自粘附软电极材料，其特征在于，所述支撑基体、导电填充物和金属粒子的比重为：支撑基体5-15份、导电填充物40-80份，金属粒子5-55份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种自粘附软电极材料，其特征在于，所述支撑基体、导电填充物和金属粒子的比重为：支撑基体10份、导电填充物70份，金属粒子20份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种自粘附软电极材料，其特征在于，所述支撑基体是PVA、PVDF、PVB、聚氨酯中的一种或者多种组合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种自粘附软电极材料，其特征在于，所述支撑基体是PVA。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种自粘附软电极材料，其特征在于，所述导电填充物是石墨烯、碳管、导电炭黑、膨胀石墨、纳米银线和碳纳米管中的一种或者多种组合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种自粘附软电极材料，其特征在于，所述支撑基体是纳米银线或碳纳米管。
8.一种根据权利要求1～7任一项所述的自粘附软电极材料的加工方法，其特征在于，所述加工方法的步骤包括:
所需量的NiOOH和LiOH按照一个预先设置的摩尔比进行混合获得金属粒子混合物；
将所需量的导电填充物和金属粒子混合物混合并加入到碳酸氢铵溶液中；
在超声环境下充分搅拌，冷却后进行过滤；
将过滤物在一个预设的压力下压制成片；
然后将片状结构外表包裹支撑基体获得前驱体；
对前驱体进行煅烧使前驱体内部沉积的碳酸氢铵气化；
然后放置在PH为4-5的酸性溶液中浸泡12h，获得自粘附软电极材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种自粘附软电极材料的加工方法，其特征在于，所述NiOOH和LiOH的摩尔比是1:1.05。
10.根据权利要求8所述的一种自粘附软电极材料的加工方法，其特征在于，所述碳酸氢铵溶液的浓度为21％。
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