CN115328253A - Single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection and voltage estimation method thereof - Google Patents
Single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection and voltage estimation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
Abstract
The invention provides a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection and a voltage estimation method thereof, wherein the circuit comprises a software data processing module and a signal processing circuit consisting of a reactor or an inductor, an IGBT device, a fast recovery diode and a high-voltage electrolytic capacitor, and when the IGBT device is conducted, the reactor or the inductor is charged by input voltage; when the IGBT device is turned off, the input voltage and the inductive voltage of the reactor or the inductor are superposed to charge the high-voltage electrolytic capacitor and supply power to the load through the fast recovery diode; the software data processing module is connected with the signal processing circuit and used for calculating the estimated value of the input voltage according to the voltage signal obtained by the signal processing circuit. The invention can solve the problems of high cost, low reliability, complex calculation mode and the like in the prior art, can acquire current signals through the existing current sampling circuit, and can indirectly calculate the input voltage value by using a novel algorithm so as to achieve the high power factor correction effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of variable frequency air conditioners, in particular to a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection and a voltage estimation method applying the same.
Background
At present, an active PFC control technology is used for a variable frequency air conditioner, and the technology is used for reducing harmonic interference to a power grid, reducing the overcurrent multiple of a rectifier, improving the rectified direct-current bus voltage and being beneficial to improving the variable frequency speed regulation range. The PFC control is to control the input current by controlling the on-off of the IGBT, so that the input current is close to the sine waveform of the input voltage, and the purpose of the power factor being 1 is achieved. In order to enable input current to follow the input voltage waveform, most of frequency converters detect the input voltage at present, the size and the phase of the input voltage are obtained by utilizing a phase-locked loop technology, and then the purpose that the current follows the voltage is achieved through current loop control. The control mode increases the difficulty and material cost of circuit board design, and reduces the reliability of the frequency converter due to the interference in detection.
In addition, a small part of frequency converters adopt a control mode without voltage detection, the realization mode is mainly that input current and voltage are used as state quantity and output quantity according to a small signal model, but the calculation mode is more complicated and more codes are needed due to the control technology of a full-dimensional state observer, limited CPU operation resources are occupied, particularly for high-frequency PFC, the calculation period is particularly higher, and if the calculation time is too long, the real-time output is influenced, so that overcurrent protection is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection and a voltage estimation method thereof, the system and the method are used for solving the problems of high cost, low reliability, complex calculation mode and the like in the prior art, current signals can be acquired through an existing current sampling circuit, and a novel algorithm is used for indirectly calculating an input voltage value, so that the high-power-factor correction effect is achieved.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection, comprising: the device comprises a software data processing module and a signal processing circuit consisting of a reactor or an inductor, an IGBT device, a fast recovery diode and a high-voltage electrolytic capacitor, wherein one end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with an alternating voltage and used for storing and providing a reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with a drain electrode of the IGBT device, and the drain electrode of the IGBT device is connected with the fast recovery diode;
when the IGBT device is conducted, the reactor or the inductor is charged through input voltage; when the IGBT device is turned off, an input voltage is superposed with an inductive voltage of the reactor or the inductor to charge the high-voltage electrolytic capacitor and supply power to a load through the fast recovery diode;
the software data processing module is connected with the signal processing circuit and used for calculating an estimated value of the input voltage according to the voltage signal obtained by the signal processing circuit.
The further scheme is that a rectifying circuit is connected between the reactor or the inductor and the alternating voltage, the input end of the rectifying module is connected with the alternating voltage and used for converting the alternating voltage into the direct voltage, one end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with the output end of the rectifying module and used for storing and providing reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with the drain electrode of the IGBT device, and the drain electrode of the IGBT device is connected with the protection circuit.
A voltage estimation method of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection is applied to the voltage estimation of the single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection, and comprises the following steps:
establishing a mathematical model for PFC control;
the current detection unit detects the inductive current i of the reactor or the inductor in Simultaneously acquiring the voltage Vdc of the direct current bus, and comparing the voltage Vdc of the direct current bus with a set voltage Vdc _ ref to generate a first voltage error value;
adjusting the voltage error value through a PI controller, and outputting the voltage error value as a set reference current instantaneous value;
calculating to obtain a reference inductive current according to the reference current instantaneous value, and comparing the reference inductive current with an actually detected inductive current i in Comparing to generate a current error value;
adjusting the current error value through a PI controller, outputting the current error value as an output reference voltage of PFC, and calculating the duty ratio D of the IGBT device through the output reference voltage, wherein the output reference voltage is an average voltage Vo;
average voltage V 0 Substituting the input voltage estimation formula to obtain the estimated value of the input voltage.
The further scheme is that the mathematical model for establishing PFC control is specifically expressed as formulas (1) and (2):
v in ＝v o +sL s i in (1)
v o ＝(1-D)v dc (2)
wherein v is o Is the average voltage, v, across the IGBT in For the rectified input voltage v dc Is the DC bus voltage, i, on the electrolytic capacitor in For the rectified input current, i.e. inductor current, L s D is the duty cycle of the IGBT device.
Further, the estimating of the input voltage comprises: constructing a low-pass filter, assuming a rectified input voltage value v in Defining the estimated value of the input voltage as
Is v in Is expressed as formula (3):
where τ is the time constant.
In a further embodiment, formula (4) is derived from formulas (1) and (3):
then, the formula (4) is digitized, that is, the estimated value of the input voltage can be obtained, and the time constant is selected to replace the actual voltage.
In a further aspect, the calculating a reference inductor current from a reference current transient includes:
the reference inductor current is calculated by multiplying the instantaneous value of the reference current by the estimated value of the input voltage and the coefficient Ka, and is expressed as formula (11)
Wherein Ka is the estimated voltage
Divided by one power cycle
Maximum value of
Further, the formula (4) is digitized, and is specifically expressed as a formula (5):
wherein k represents the time of sampling calculation, ts is the sampling period, and W c =1/τ is the reciprocal of the time constant, i.e. the cut-off frequency of the observer.
Further, the voltage error value is adjusted by a PI controller, and the output of the PI controller is used as a set reference current instantaneous value, which is expressed as formula (6):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for reference current peak value, K pv Is a proportionality coefficient, K iv Is an integral coefficient.
Further, the current error value is adjusted by a PI controller, and the output of the current error value is used as an output reference voltage of the PFC, which is expressed by equations (7) and (8):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to output the PFC voltage command,
for PFC command current, K pi Is a proportionality coefficient, K ii Is an integral coefficient.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the single-phase PFC circuit and the method thereof without input voltage detection are provided, the single-phase PFC input voltage detection circuit is not required, the input voltage value can be indirectly calculated by constructing a mathematical model and an algorithm for PFC control, the cost of the frequency converter is reduced, control failure even device damage caused by input voltage detection failure is avoided, the cost of the PFC circuit of the variable-frequency air conditioner is reduced, and the reliability of PFC control is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the algorithm of the invention has simple calculation and less code amount, can reduce the operation code of PFC, especially high-frequency PFC, and is suitable for digital control.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a voltage estimation method for a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection includes:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection, including:
the device comprises a software data processing module and a signal processing circuit consisting of a reactor or an inductor Ls, an IGBT device, a fast recovery diode and a high-voltage electrolytic capacitor, wherein one end of the reactor or the inductor Ls is connected with alternating voltage for storing and providing reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor Ls is connected with the drain electrode of the IGBT device, and the drain electrode of the IGBT device is connected with the fast recovery diode.
When the IGBT device is conducted, the reactor or the inductor is charged through input voltage; when the IGBT device is turned off, the input voltage is superposed with the inductive voltage of the reactor or the inductor Ls, and the high-voltage electrolytic capacitor is charged and the load is supplied with power through the fast recovery diode.
The software data processing module is connected with the signal processing circuit and used for calculating the estimated value of the input voltage according to the voltage signal obtained by the signal processing circuit.
The fast recovery diode comprises two fast recovery diodes arranged in parallel, the IGBT device comprises two IGBTs arranged in parallel, each fast recovery diode is connected with the corresponding IGBT, and the other end of the reactor or the inductor Ls is connected between the anode of the first fast recovery diode and the drain of the first IGBT device.
An embodiment of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, a rectifying circuit is further connected between the reactor or the inductor and the ac voltage, the ac voltage is connected to an input end of the rectifying module and is used for converting the ac voltage into a dc voltage, one end of the reactor or the inductor Ls is connected to an output end of the rectifying module and is used for storing and providing a reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor Ls is connected to a drain of the IGBT device, and the drain of the IGBT device is connected to the fast recovery diode.
The rectifying circuit comprises a rectifier REC, a first output end of the rectifier REC is connected with one end of the reactor or the inductor Ls, and a second output end of the rectifier REC is connected with a source electrode of the IGBT device.
Specifically, the circuit topology provided by this embodiment includes a rectifier REC, a reactor or inductor Ls, an IGBT device, a fast recovery diode FRD, and a high-voltage electrolytic capacitor C. The rectifier REC is used for rectifying alternating-current input voltage into direct-current voltage, the reactor or the inductor is used for storing and providing reactive current, when the IGBT is switched on, the inductor is charged by the input voltage, and when the IGBT is switched off, the input voltage is superposed with the inductor voltage to charge the high-voltage electrolytic capacitor C and supply power to a load through the fast recovery diode FRD. When the power factor reaches 1, the inductor current, i.e., the rectified input current, means that the input current and the input voltage are identical in shape and phase, i.e., the input impedance is a resistance characteristic.
Embodiment of voltage estimation method of single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection
Referring to fig. 3, a voltage estimation method of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection is applied to the voltage estimation of the single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection, and the method includes the following steps:
and S1, establishing a mathematical model for PFC control.
Step S2, detecting the inductive current i of the reactor or the inductor by a current detection unit in And simultaneously collecting the voltage Vdc of the direct current bus, and comparing the voltage Vdc of the direct current bus with the set voltage Vdc _ ref to generate a voltage error value.
And S3, adjusting the voltage error value through a PI controller, and outputting the voltage error value as a set reference current instantaneous value.
S4, calculating to obtain a reference inductive current according to the reference current instantaneous value, and comparing the reference inductive current with an actually detected inductive current i in And comparing to generate a current error value.
And S5, regulating the current error value through a PI controller, outputting the current error value as an output reference voltage of the PFC, and calculating the duty ratio D of the IGBT device through the output reference voltage, wherein the output reference voltage is the average voltage Vo.
Step S6, average voltage V is measured 0 Substituting the input voltage estimation formula to obtain the estimated value of the input voltage.
In the above step S1, a mathematical model of PFC control is established, specifically expressed as formulas (1) and (2):
v in ＝v o +sL s i in (1)
v o ＝(1-D)v dc (2)
wherein v is o Is the average voltage, v, across the IGBT in For rectified input voltage, v dc Is the DC bus voltage, i, on the electrolytic capacitor in For the rectified input current, i.e. inductor current, L s D is the duty cycle of the IGBT device.
Due to v o 、i in 、L s 、v dc D are known quantities, which when estimating the input voltage, include: constructing a low-pass filter, assuming a rectified input voltage value v in Defining the estimated value of the input voltage as
Is v is in Is expressed as formula (3):
where τ is the time constant.
Equation (4) is derived from equations (1) and (3):
then, the formula (4) is digitized, i.e. the estimated value of the input voltage can be obtained, and the time constant can be selected to replace the actual valueA voltage. The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: the first part of the equation on the right is integrated and the integrated value is added to the second part of the equation on the right, the result being the estimated voltage
In this embodiment, formula (4) is digitized, and is specifically expressed as formula (5):
wherein k represents the time of sampling calculation, ts is the sampling period, and W c =1/τ is the reciprocal of the time constant, i.e. the cut-off frequency of the observer.
In step S4, calculating a reference inductor current according to the reference current instantaneous value, including:
the reference inductor current is calculated by multiplying the instantaneous value of the reference current by the estimated value of the input voltage and the coefficient Ka, and is expressed as the formula (11)
Wherein Ka is the estimated voltage
Divided by one power cycle
Maximum value of (2)
In step S3, the voltage error value is adjusted by the PI controller, and the output of the PI controller is expressed as a set reference current instantaneous value in formula (6):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for reference current peak value, K pv Is a proportionality coefficient, K iv Is an integral coefficient.
In the above step S5, the current error value is adjusted by the PI controller, and is output as the output reference voltage of the PFC, which is expressed as equations (7) and (8):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to output the PFC voltage command,
for PFC command current, K pi Is a proportionality coefficient, K ii Is an integral coefficient.
In practical applications, one of the main tasks of the PFC of this embodiment is to make the input impedance approach the resistance characteristic, that is, the current waveform follows the input voltage waveform and the phase difference is 0. When reactor or inductor internal resistance is neglected, mathematical models for PFC control are as shown in equations (1) and (2) above.
Detecting inductive current through a current sensor or using a power resistor, simultaneously acquiring the DC bus voltage Vdc, comparing the Vdc with a set voltage Vdc _ ref, adjusting the error of the Vdc through a PI controller, outputting a set reference current instantaneous value, and multiplying the reference current instantaneous value by the estimated input voltage
The sum coefficient Ka is a reference inductive current, the reference inductive current is compared with an actually detected inductive current, the error of the reference inductive current is regulated by a PI controller, the PI controller outputs an output reference voltage of PFC, the duty ratio D is calculated by the reference voltage, and v is calculated by a formula (2) o V. handle o Substituting into the formula (3) to obtain
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the single-phase PFC circuit and the method thereof without input voltage detection are provided, the single-phase PFC input voltage detection circuit is not required, the input voltage value can be indirectly calculated by constructing a mathematical model and an algorithm for PFC control, the cost of the frequency converter is reduced, control failure even device damage caused by input voltage detection failure is avoided, the cost of the PFC circuit of the variable-frequency air conditioner is reduced, and the reliability of PFC control is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the algorithm of the invention has simple calculation and less code amount, can reduce the operation code of PFC, especially high-frequency PFC, and is suitable for digital control.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the device comprises a software data processing module and a signal processing circuit consisting of a reactor or an inductor, an IGBT device, a fast recovery diode and a high-voltage electrolytic capacitor, wherein one end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with an alternating voltage and used for storing and providing a reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with a drain electrode of the IGBT device, and the drain electrode of the IGBT device is connected with the fast recovery diode;
when the IGBT device is conducted, the reactor or the inductor is charged through input voltage; when the IGBT device is turned off, the input voltage and the inductive voltage of the reactor or the inductor are superposed to charge the high-voltage electrolytic capacitor and supply power to a load through the fast recovery diode;
the software data processing module is connected with the signal processing circuit and used for calculating an estimated value of the input voltage according to the voltage signal obtained by the signal processing circuit.
2. The single-phase PFC circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the protection circuit comprises an IGBT device and is characterized in that a rectification circuit is further connected between the reactor or the inductor and the alternating-current voltage, the input end of the rectification module is connected with the alternating-current voltage and used for converting the alternating-current voltage into direct-current voltage, one end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with the output end of the rectification module and used for storing and providing reactive current, the other end of the reactor or the inductor is connected with the drain electrode of the IGBT device, and the drain electrode of the IGBT device is connected with the protection circuit.
3. A voltage estimation method of a single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection, which is applied to the voltage estimation of the single-phase PFC circuit without input voltage detection of claim 1 or 2, the method comprising the steps of:
establishing a mathematical model for PFC control;
the current detection unit detects the inductive current i of the reactor or the inductor in Simultaneously acquiring the voltage Vdc of the direct current bus, and comparing the voltage Vdc of the direct current bus with a set voltage Vdc _ ref to generate a voltage error value;
adjusting the voltage error value through a PI controller, and outputting the voltage error value as a set reference current instantaneous value;
calculating to obtain a reference inductive current according to the reference current instantaneous value, and comparing the reference inductive current with an actually detected inductive current i in Comparing to generate a current error value;
adjusting the current error value through a PI controller, outputting the current error value as an output reference voltage of PFC, and calculating the duty ratio D of the IGBT device through the output reference voltage, wherein the output reference voltage is an average voltage Vo;
average voltage V 0 Substituting the input voltage into the input voltage estimation formula to obtain the estimated value of the input voltage.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that said mathematical model for PFC control is established, in particular expressed as equations (1) and (2):
v in ＝v o +sL s i in (1)
v o ＝(1-D)v dc (2)
wherein v is o Is the average voltage, v, across the IGBT in For rectified input voltage, v dc Is the DC bus voltage, i, on the electrolytic capacitor in For the rectified input current, i.e. inductor current, L s D is the duty cycle of the IGBT device.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein:
when estimating the input voltage, the method comprises the following steps: constructing a low-pass filter, assuming a rectified input voltage value v in Defining the estimated value of the input voltage as
Is v in Is expressed as formula (3):
where τ is the time constant.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
from equations (1) and (3), equation (4) results:
then, the formula (4) is digitized, that is, the estimated value of the input voltage can be obtained, and the time constant is selected to replace the actual voltage.
7. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein calculating the reference inductor current based on the reference current transient comprises:
multiplying the reference current instantaneous value by the estimated value of the input voltage and a coefficient Ka to calculate a reference inductor current, which is expressed as a formula (11);
wherein Ka is the estimated voltage
Divided by one power cycle
Maximum value of
8. The method of claim 6, wherein:
carrying out digital processing on the formula (4), and specifically expressing as a formula (5):
wherein k represents the time of sampling calculation, ts is the sampling period, and W c =1/τ is the reciprocal of the time constant, i.e. the cut-off frequency of the observer.
9. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that:
the voltage error value is adjusted by a PI controller, and the output of the PI controller is used as a set reference current instantaneous value, which is expressed as a formula (6):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for reference current peak value, K pv Is a proportionality coefficient, K iv Is an integral coefficient.
10. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that:
the current error value is adjusted by a PI controller, and the output of the current error value is used as an output reference voltage of the PFC, which is expressed by equations (7) and (8):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to output the PFC voltage command,
for PFC command current, K pi Is a proportionality coefficient, K ii Is an integral coefficient.
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