CN115324618A - Supporting device and supporting method for excavation face in tunnel - Google Patents
Supporting device and supporting method for excavation face in tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115324618A CN115324618A CN202210934839.7A CN202210934839A CN115324618A CN 115324618 A CN115324618 A CN 115324618A CN 202210934839 A CN202210934839 A CN 202210934839A CN 115324618 A CN115324618 A CN 115324618A
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003781 tooth socket Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D19/00—Provisional protective covers for working space
- E21D19/04—Provisional protective covers for working space for use in drifting galleries
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a supporting device and a supporting method for an excavation surface in a tunnel. This be used for excavation face supporting device and method in tunnel, reached through setting up tunnel top supporting mechanism and utilized the arc extension board to carry out the effect of strutting the roof in tunnel, and easy operation, the installation is dismantled conveniently, set up when meeting the easy weathering easy collapse carbon shale tunnel excavation of water, can strut excavation face top better, avoid dropping loose body, reduce the risk of collapse, through can collecting the transportation of being convenient for in not using, not only can adjust in a flexible way and dismantle conveniently, save engineering time and cost, and can improve the efficiency of construction, improve structure life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a supporting device and a supporting method for an excavation face in a tunnel.
Background
The tunnel construction generally refers to a new Austrian method, which fully utilizes the self-bearing capacity of surrounding rocks and the space constraint action of an excavation surface, adopts an anchor rod and sprayed concrete as main support means to reinforce the surrounding rocks, restrains the relaxation and deformation of the surrounding rocks, and guides the design and construction of underground engineering through the measurement and monitoring of the surrounding rocks and the supports.
Along with the continuous development of tunnel engineering, large-span tunnels are more and more, and the one-time excavation of large-section tunnels can cause the working face exposure time overlength, and the load release is very fast scheduling problem and arouse that the country rock is unstable, has increaseed the tunnel construction risk, therefore the thought of tunnel piecemeal excavation is prevailing gradually, and under the relatively poor geological condition of country rock, more and more tunnel construction of striding adopts the three-step excavation method to be under construction. In the construction of a carbonaceous mudstone tunnel, the conventional three-step excavation cannot achieve the effect of application, the method is mainly characterized in that the small guide pipe is used for grouting in advance, the strength of the carbonaceous mudstone is reduced rapidly when the carbonaceous mudstone meets water, the structure collapses before the cement paste is hardened, and the grouting cannot effectively penetrate due to the low permeability of surrounding rocks. In the existing tunnel excavation process, support protection is needed to improve safety; the existing supporting mode is generally formed by spraying concrete on a framework consisting of a steel arch frame, longitudinal connecting bars and a reinforcing mesh. The supporting structure has high strength and rigidity, and can completely meet the requirement of safe production. However, such a structure is difficult to assemble and disassemble, the steel arch frame, the longitudinal connecting bars and the reinforcing mesh can be disassembled one by manpower or smashing the concrete by external force when the steel arch frame, the longitudinal connecting bars and the reinforcing mesh are disassembled, so that inconvenience is brought to the disassembly, the labor cost is increased due to the fact that a supporting structure in the prior art is single and cannot be adjusted, time and labor are consumed when the personnel assemble and disassemble at each time, the construction progress of tunnel engineering is reduced, and therefore the supporting device and the supporting method for the excavation face in the tunnel are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a supporting device and a supporting method for an excavation surface in a tunnel, which are based on the technical problems that the integration of a supporting mode in the existing tunnel construction is difficult to disassemble, the construction progress is reduced, and time and labor are wasted.
The invention provides a supporting device and a supporting method for an excavation surface in a tunnel, which comprise a supporting rod, wherein the top of the supporting rod is provided with a tunnel top supporting mechanism, one end of the supporting rod is provided with a tunnel face supporting mechanism, the tunnel top supporting mechanism comprises arc supporting plates, a plurality of arc supporting plates are uniformly and equally distributed by the side lines of the supporting rod, the bottoms of the arc supporting plates are fixedly provided with sliding guide rails, and the arc supporting plates are in contact supporting with the top wall in the tunnel through the tunnel top supporting mechanism;
the tunnel face supporting mechanism comprises fan-shaped supporting plates, the two fan-shaped supporting plates are arranged on two sides of the supporting rod respectively, and the fan-shaped supporting plates are in contact supporting with the tunnel face through the tunnel face supporting mechanism.
Preferably, the first articulated seat of one side top and the equal fixedly connected with in bottom of fan-shaped extension board, the axle center inner wall fixed mounting of first articulated seat has first articulated shaft, the equal fixed mounting in one end both sides surface of branch has first U type seat, the interior roof and the interior roof of first U type seat all rotate with the both ends of first articulated shaft through the bearing and are connected.
Preferably, one side inner wall fixed mounting of fan-shaped extension board has second U type seat, the both sides inner wall of second U type seat all is connected with the second articulated shaft through the bearing rotation, the circular arc fixed surface of second articulated shaft installs the articulated seat of second, the bottom fixed mounting of the articulated seat of second has first cylinder, the telescopic shaft fixed mounting of first cylinder has the toper locating piece, the toper surface of toper locating piece contacts with the interior diapire in tunnel.
Preferably, the hinge groove has all been seted up on the both sides surface of branch, per two the relative inner wall in hinge groove all is connected with the drive shaft through the bearing rotation, the equal fixed mounting in both ends circular arc surface of drive shaft has horizontal regulating plate, the surface of horizontal regulating plate is pegged graft with the inner wall in hinge groove slides.
Preferably, per two of branch both sides the equal fixed mounting in bottom side surface of horizontal regulating plate has first spout track, two the orbital inner wall of first spout all pegs graft with the surface slip of sliding guide, the bottom fixed mounting of horizontal regulating plate has spacing seat, two the relative surface of spacing seat all rotates through the bearing and is connected with the round pin axle, the circular arc fixed surface of round pin axle installs the bracing piece.
Preferably, the bottom end of the support rod is provided with a sliding hole, the inner wall of the sliding hole is inserted with a telescopic rod in a sliding manner, the bottom of the telescopic rod is fixedly provided with a base plate, the middle of the support rod is provided with an auxiliary rotating groove, the inner wall of the auxiliary rotating groove is rotatably connected with a rotating wheel, the outer side circular arc surface of the rotating wheel is provided with a knurling, and the inner wall of the axis of the rotating wheel is in threaded connection with the circular arc surface of the telescopic rod.
Preferably, the top both ends of branch have all been seted up spacing hole, the inner wall in spacing hole slides and pegs graft there is spacing slide bar, two equal fixed mounting in top of spacing slide bar has the second spout track, the inside and the inner wall of sliding guide of the orbital spout of second spout slide and peg graft.
Preferably, a driving hole is formed in the center of the top of the supporting rod, a second cylinder is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom wall of the driving hole, the top end of a telescopic shaft of the second cylinder is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the second sliding groove track, and a first rack is fixedly mounted on the arc surface of the telescopic shaft of the second cylinder.
Preferably, the switching groove has been seted up to one side inner wall of drive hole, the inner wall of switching groove is T shape, the one end both sides inner wall of switching groove all is connected with first pivot through the bearing rotation, the circular arc fixed surface of first pivot installs first conversion gear, the tooth's socket of first conversion gear and the tooth's socket meshing of first rack.
Preferably, the arc surfaces of the two driving shafts respectively penetrate through and extend into the conversion groove, the driving gears are fixedly mounted on the arc surfaces of the two driving shafts, an auxiliary sliding groove is formed in the inner bottom wall of the conversion groove, a conversion tooth block is inserted into the inner wall of the auxiliary sliding groove in a sliding mode, the surface of the conversion tooth block is in a T shape, opposite tooth grooves on two sides of the conversion tooth block are respectively meshed with tooth grooves corresponding to the driving gears, and tooth grooves on the other side of the conversion tooth block are meshed with tooth grooves corresponding to the first conversion gears.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. through setting up tunnel top supporting mechanism and having reached the effect that utilizes the arc extension board to carry out the roof in tunnel and strut, high reliability and high reliability, and the operation is thus simple, the installation is dismantled conveniently, set up when meeting the carbonaceous mudstone tunnel excavation that water easily weathers and easily collapses, can strut excavation face top better, avoid dropping loose body, reduce the risk of collapse, through can collecting the transportation of being convenient for in not using, not only can adjust in a flexible way and dismantle conveniently, save engineering time and cost, and can improve the efficiency of construction, improve structure life.
2. When having reached tunnel face support mechanism and having reached the face and strut through the setting, swing and face contact through the fan-shaped extension board of drive, utilize the toper locating piece to produce reverse thrust and carry out and support the protection with the face extrusion, simple structure convenient operation, it is convenient through nimble regulation and dismantlement, save engineering time and cost, and can improve the efficiency of construction, improve structure life.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a supporting device and a supporting method for an excavation face in a tunnel;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a fan-shaped support plate structure for a tunnel excavation face supporting device and a supporting method;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a strut structure for use in a tunnel excavation face support apparatus and method;
fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a structure a in fig. 3 for the supporting device and the supporting method for the excavated surface in the tunnel;
fig. 5 is an exploded view of a tunnel roof support mechanism for the excavation face support apparatus and the support method in the tunnel;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a limiting hole structure for a tunnel inner excavation face supporting device and a supporting method;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a tunnel roof support mechanism collection for the excavation face support device and the support method in the tunnel;
fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a structure at a position B in fig. 5, which is used for the supporting device and the supporting method for the excavation surface in the tunnel;
fig. 9 is an enlarged view of a structure at C in fig. 5, which is used for the supporting device and the supporting method for the excavated surface in the tunnel;
fig. 10 is an enlarged view of a structure D in fig. 5, which is used for the supporting device and the supporting method for the excavated surface in the tunnel;
fig. 11 is an enlarged view of a structure at E in fig. 5, which is used for the supporting device and the supporting method for the excavation face in the tunnel;
fig. 12 is an enlarged view of a structure F of fig. 6, which is used for the supporting device and the supporting method for the excavated surface in the tunnel;
fig. 13 is an enlarged view of a structure at G in fig. 1, which is used for a supporting device and a supporting method for an excavation surface in a tunnel.
In the figure: 1. a strut; 2. an arc-shaped support plate; 21. a hinge slot; 22. a drive shaft; 23. a transverse adjusting plate; 24. a first chute track; 25. a limiting seat; 26. a pin shaft; 27. a support bar; 28. a slide hole; 29. a telescopic rod; 210. a base plate; 211. an auxiliary rotary groove; 212. a rotating wheel; 213. a limiting hole; 214. a limiting slide bar; 215. a second chute track; 216. a drive aperture; 217. a second cylinder; 218. a first rack; 219. a conversion tank; 220. a first rotating shaft; 221. a first conversion gear; 222. a drive gear; 223. an auxiliary chute; 224. a conversion tooth block; 3. a sliding guide rail; 4. a fan-shaped support plate; 41. a first hinge mount; 42. a first hinge shaft; 43. a first U-shaped seat; 44. a second U-shaped seat; 45. a second hinge shaft; 46. a second hinge mount; 47. a first cylinder; 48. a conical positioning block.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-13, a supporting device and a supporting method for an excavation face in a tunnel, which are applied to a carbonaceous mudstone geological tunnel with rapidly reduced water-contacting strength and low permeability surrounding rock, and comprise a supporting rod 1, wherein the supporting rod 1 is arranged in the center of the tunnel for supporting and protecting operation, a tunnel top supporting mechanism is arranged at the top of the supporting rod 1, one end of the supporting rod 1 is provided with a tunnel face supporting mechanism, the tunnel top supporting mechanism comprises arc-shaped supporting plates 2, the arc-shaped supporting plates 2 are uniformly distributed at equal intervals along the side line of the supporting rod 1, the arc-shaped supporting plates 2 are distributed at two sides of the supporting rod 1 in two groups, the two groups are connected into a whole in a splicing installation mode, the arc-shaped supporting plates 2 are used for supporting during installation and can be detached without use, the arc-shaped supporting plates can be replaced quickly after being damaged due to long-term use, the supporting efficiency is further enhanced, sliding guide rails 3 are fixedly arranged at the bottoms of the arc-shaped supporting plates 2, and the arc-shaped supporting plates 2 are contacted with the top wall in the tunnel through the tunnel top supporting mechanism;
in order to realize the installation of the arc-shaped support plate 2, the surfaces of two sides of the support rod 1 are provided with the hinge grooves 21, the opposite inner walls of every two hinge grooves 21 are rotatably connected with the driving shaft 22 through bearings, the arc surfaces of two ends of the driving shaft 22 are fixedly provided with the transverse adjusting plates 23, the transverse adjusting plates 23 swing inside the hinge grooves 21 by taking the axis of the driving shaft 22 as the center of a circle, so that the support rod can be collected when not in use, the support rod can be extended to support when in use, the surfaces of the transverse adjusting plates 23 are slidably inserted into the inner walls of the hinge grooves 21, the rotation directions of the two driving shafts 22 are controlled to be opposite, the two transverse adjusting plates 23 on two sides of the support rod 1 are controlled to swing by taking the axis of the driving shaft 22 at the same time, and the two transverse adjusting plates 23 are controlled to move outwards at the same time to extend to be in a horizontal state.
In order to keep the horizontal state all the time after the rotation of the transverse adjusting plate 23, a first chute track 24 is fixedly installed on one side surface of the bottom end of every two transverse adjusting plates 23 on two sides of the supporting rod 1, the inner walls of the two first chute tracks 24 are in sliding insertion connection with the surface of the sliding guide rail 3, a limiting seat 25 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of each transverse adjusting plate 23, a pin shaft 26 is rotatably connected to the opposite surfaces of the two limiting seats 25 through a bearing, a supporting rod 27 is fixedly installed on the arc surface of the pin shaft 26, and the supporting rod 27 is rotated through the pin shaft 26, so that the bottom end of the supporting rod 27 corresponds to the inner bottom wall of the tunnel, and is vertically distributed with the transverse adjusting plate 23 to support the transverse adjusting plate 23 to be horizontally distributed, and after the transverse adjusting plate 23 is horizontally arranged, the sliding guide rail 3 is utilized to slide along the first chute tracks 24, and the arc-shaped supporting plate 2 is installed to be in contact with the inner top wall of the tunnel to support.
In order to finely adjust the distance between the supporting rod 27 and the tunnel inner bottom wall, the bottom end of the supporting rod 27 is provided with a slide hole 28, the inner wall of the slide hole 28 is inserted with a telescopic rod 29, the bottom of the telescopic rod 29 is fixedly provided with a backing plate 210, the middle of the supporting rod 27 is provided with an auxiliary rotating groove 211, the inner wall of the auxiliary rotating groove 211 is rotatably connected with a rotating wheel 212, the outer arc surface of the rotating wheel 212 is provided with knurls, the inner wall of the axis of the rotating wheel 212 is in threaded connection with the arc surface of the telescopic rod 29, the rotating wheel 212 is rotated, the telescopic rod 29 is driven to slide up and down on the inner wall of the slide hole 28, the distance between the backing plate 210 and the up-and-down movement adjustment is driven, and the horizontal direction of the transverse adjusting plate 23 is adjusted.
When the installation and movement of the arc-shaped support plate 2 are limited, the two ends of the top of the support rod 1 are provided with limiting holes 213, the inner wall of each limiting hole 213 is connected with a limiting sliding rod 214 in a sliding and inserting mode, the tops of the two limiting sliding rods 214 are fixedly provided with second sliding groove tracks 215, the inner parts of the sliding grooves of the second sliding groove tracks 215 are connected with the inner wall of the sliding guide rail 3 in a sliding and inserting mode, the sliding of the limiting sliding rods 214 on the inner wall of the limiting holes 213 is achieved, the limiting sliding movement can only be carried out to adjust the up-and-down movement, the second sliding groove tracks 215 on the top are driven to move upwards, the limiting sliding rods and the first sliding groove tracks 24 on the two ends are made to be in arc-shaped arrangement and distributed, and the arc-shaped support plate 2 can be installed conveniently.
For the motion of second spout track 215 provides power, the top center that sets up branch 1 has seted up drive hole 216, the interior diapire fixed mounting in drive hole 216 has second cylinder 217, the telescopic shaft top of second cylinder 217 and the bottom fixed mounting of second spout track 215, the telescopic shaft circular arc fixed surface of second cylinder 217 installs first rack 218, and then reached control second cylinder 217 and extended work and drive second spout track 215 upward movement regulation, thereby provide the effect of power supply, be convenient for automatic control adjusts.
In order to provide a downward movement conversion force while the second chute track 215 moves upward, a conversion groove 219 is formed in the inner wall of one side provided with the driving hole 216, the inner wall of the conversion groove 219 is in a T shape, the inner walls of two sides of one end of the conversion groove 219 are rotatably connected with a first rotating shaft 220 through bearings, a first conversion gear 221 is fixedly mounted on the arc surface of the first rotating shaft 220, the tooth groove of the first conversion gear 221 is meshed with the tooth groove of the first rack 218, and therefore the purpose that the first conversion gear 221 is mounted through the inner wall of the conversion groove 219 is achieved, the first conversion gear 221 is driven to rotate forward when the first rack 218 moves up and down, and a downward driving force is provided through the first conversion gear 221.
In order to control the two driving shafts 22 to rotate towards two sides simultaneously, the two transverse adjusting plates 23 are driven to swing outwards simultaneously, the arc surfaces of the two driving shafts 22 are arranged to penetrate through and extend into the conversion groove 219 respectively, the driving gears 222 are fixedly installed on the arc surfaces of the two driving shafts 22, an auxiliary sliding groove 223 is formed in the inner bottom wall of the conversion groove 219, a conversion tooth block 224 is inserted into the inner wall of the auxiliary sliding groove 223 in a sliding mode, the surface of the conversion tooth block 224 is in a T shape, two opposite tooth grooves of two sides of the conversion tooth block 224 are respectively meshed with tooth grooves of the corresponding driving gears 222, the tooth grooves of the other side of the conversion tooth block 224 are meshed with tooth grooves of the corresponding first conversion gears 221, the conversion tooth block 224 on one side of forward rotation driving of the first conversion gears 221 moves downwards and slides with the inner wall of the auxiliary sliding groove 223, power is provided for the driving gears 222 on two sides when the rotation tooth blocks slide downwards, one driving gear 222 is controlled, the other driving gear 222 rotates reversely, one forward rotation and the two driving shafts 22 are controlled, so that the two transverse adjusting plates 23 swing outwards simultaneously to adjust the horizontal position, the two first sliding grooves 24 and the arc tracks 215 and the supporting plates are controlled to move, and the supporting plates are distributed in a supporting plate 2 shape, and the supporting plate 2 is controlled, and the supporting plate 2 can be conveniently and the supporting plate 2 can be detached in a construction process of the supporting plate mounting and a construction process of the supporting plate.
Through setting up tunnel top supporting mechanism and having reached and utilized arc extension board 2 to carry out the effect of strutting the roof in tunnel, and is simple in operation, the installation is dismantled conveniently, set up when meeting the easy weathering easy carbon shale tunnel excavation of water, can strut excavation face top better, avoid dropping loose body, reduce the risk of collapse, through can collecting the transportation of being convenient for in not using, not only can adjust in a flexible way and dismantle convenient, save engineering time and cost, and can improve the efficiency of construction, improve structure life, stability and security in the course of construction finally can be guaranteed.
The tunnel face supporting mechanism comprises two fan-shaped supporting plates 4, the two fan-shaped supporting plates 4 are respectively arranged on two sides of the supporting rod 1, and the fan-shaped supporting plates 4 are in contact supporting with the tunnel face through the tunnel face supporting mechanism.
In order to realize that the fan-shaped support plate 4 is supported and supported in need of supporting and collected when not supporting, a first hinged seat 41 is fixedly connected to the top end and the bottom end of one side of the fan-shaped support plate 4, a first hinged shaft 42 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the axis of the first hinged seat 41, first U-shaped seats 43 are fixedly installed on the surfaces of two sides of one end of the support plate 1, the inner top wall and the inner bottom wall of each first U-shaped seat 43 are rotatably connected with two ends of the first hinged shaft 42 through bearings, and therefore the purpose that the fan-shaped support plate 4 is swung to rotate through the axis of the first hinged shaft 42 when needing supporting and is vertically placed on the surface of the support plate 1 is achieved, the fan-shaped support plate is in contact with the tunnel face to support, the effect of folding and collecting when not in use is achieved, and the operation is simple.
In order to provide supporting force for the fan-shaped support plate 4, a second U-shaped seat 44 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of one side of the fan-shaped support plate 4, the inner walls of two sides of the second U-shaped seat 44 are rotatably connected with a second hinge shaft 45 through bearings, a second hinge seat 46 is fixedly mounted on the arc surface of the second hinge shaft 45, a first air cylinder 47 is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the second hinge seat 46, a conical positioning block 48 is fixedly mounted on a telescopic shaft of the first air cylinder 47, and the conical surface of the conical positioning block 48 is in contact with the inner bottom wall of the tunnel, so that the first air cylinder 47 works to drive the conical positioning block 48 to move downwards to be in contact with the inner bottom wall of the tunnel for extrusion, reverse supporting force is provided for the fan-shaped support plate 4, and the tunnel face is controlled to be extruded by the fan-shaped support plate 4 for supporting operation.
When having reached tunnel face supporting mechanism through the setting and having reached the face and strutted, swing and face contact through drive fan-shaped extension board 4, utilize toper locating piece 48 to produce reverse thrust and go on supporting the protection with the face extrusion, simple structure convenient operation just dismantles conveniently through nimble regulation, saves engineering time and cost, and can improve the efficiency of construction, improves structure life, finally can guarantee stability and security in the work progress. The method is particularly applied to carbonaceous mudstone geological tunnels with low-permeability surrounding rocks and rapidly reduced water strength, and is particularly suitable for shear strength indexes after 30 days of soaking, such as reduction of internal friction angle and cohesion of the surrounding rocks.
The working principle is as follows: the method is applied to a carbonaceous mudstone geological tunnel with low-permeability surrounding rocks and rapidly reduced in water intensity, and is particularly suitable for the surrounding rocks with shear strength indexes, reduced internal friction angles and reduced cohesion after being soaked for 30 days, and comprises the following steps that firstly, when the tunnel is excavated, a rectangular strip is excavated at the central part inside the tunnel and extends towards the inside of the tunnel until a supporting rod 1 of the device extends into a rectangular strip-shaped groove, one side of the supporting rod 1 is excavated firstly, after the excavation at one side of the tunnel is finished, a fan-shaped supporting plate 4 at one side of the supporting rod 1 is driven to swing, and under the operation of extending of a first air cylinder 47, a conical positioning block 48 is controlled to extrude the inner bottom wall of the tunnel, and reverse thrust is generated to drive the surface of the fan-shaped supporting plate 4 to extrude the surface of a tunnel face for supporting;
after the tunnel face is supported, the top wall in the tunnel is supported, the second air cylinder 217 extends to work to drive the second chute track 215 at the top to move upwards and drive the first rack 218 on the surface to move upwards, when the first rack 218 is meshed with the tooth socket of the first conversion gear 221 upwards, the first conversion gear 221 is driven to rotate forwards and is meshed with the tooth socket of the conversion tooth block 224 at one side, the conversion tooth block 224 is driven to slide downwards on the inner wall of the auxiliary chute 223, and when the auxiliary chute 223 slides downwards, the drive gears 222 at two sides are driven to rotate, so that the drive shaft 22 is controlled to rotate, and the transverse adjusting plate 23 is controlled to swing outwards to control the transverse adjusting plate 23 to be horizontally placed;
after the transverse adjusting plate 23 is horizontally placed, the supporting rod 27 hinged to the bottom end is controlled to swing downwards to swing vertically, the base plate 210 is driven to contact with the inner bottom wall of the tunnel to be extruded and supported, and after a first sliding groove track 24 and a second sliding groove track 215 on one side of the supporting rod 1 are located at the installation positions of the arc-shaped supporting plate 2, the arc-shaped supporting plate 2 is taken to be inserted, installed and supported;
when the tunnel excavation supporting of one side of the supporting rod 1 is finished, the other side of the supporting rod 1 is operated, the operation from the first step to the third step is carried out until the excavation is finished, the other side of the supporting rod 1 is supported, when the top of the other side of the supporting rod 1 is supported, one side of the arc-shaped supporting plate 2 is taken to be inserted into the opposite surface of the supported arc-shaped supporting plate 2, the other end of the arc-shaped supporting plate 2 is inserted into the second chute track 215 to be installed and supported, and when the tunnel excavation supporting is required to be disassembled, the reverse operation is carried out with the steps to enable the arc-shaped supporting plate 2 to be collected and wait for the next use.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a be used for excavation face supporting device in tunnel, includes branch (1), its characterized in that: the top of the supporting rod (1) is provided with a tunnel top supporting mechanism, one end of the supporting rod (1) is provided with a tunnel face supporting mechanism, the tunnel top supporting mechanism comprises arc supporting plates (2), a plurality of arc supporting plates (2) are uniformly distributed in an equal-dividing arrangement mode according to side lines of the supporting rod (1), sliding guide rails (3) are fixedly installed at the bottoms of the arc supporting plates (2), and the arc supporting plates (2) are in contact supporting with the top wall in the tunnel through the tunnel top supporting mechanism;
the tunnel face supporting mechanism comprises two fan-shaped supporting plates (4), the two fan-shaped supporting plates (4) are respectively arranged on two sides of the supporting rod (1), and the fan-shaped supporting plates (4) are in contact supporting with the tunnel face through the tunnel face supporting mechanism.
2. The support device for the excavated surface in the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a fan-shaped support plate, including fan-shaped extension board (4), the first articulated seat of one side top and the equal fixedly connected with in bottom (41) of fan-shaped extension board, the axle center inner wall fixed mounting of first articulated seat (41) has first articulated shaft (42), the equal fixed mounting in one end both sides surface of branch (1) has first U type seat (43), the interior roof and the interior bottom wall of first U type seat (43) are all rotated through the both ends of bearing and first articulated shaft (42) and are connected.
3. The support device for the excavated surface in the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: one side inner wall fixed mounting of fan-shaped extension board (4) has second U type seat (44), the both sides inner wall of second U type seat (44) all is connected with second articulated shaft (45) through the bearing rotation, the circular arc fixed surface of second articulated shaft (45) installs articulated seat of second (46), the bottom fixed mounting of the articulated seat of second (46) has first cylinder (47), the telescopic shaft fixed mounting of first cylinder (47) has toper locating piece (48), the toper surface of toper locating piece (48) contacts with the inner bottom wall in tunnel.
4. The support device for the excavated surface in the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: hinge groove (21), per two have all been seted up on the both sides surface of branch (1) the relative inner wall in hinge groove (21) all is connected with drive shaft (22) through the bearing rotation, the equal fixed mounting in both ends circular arc surface of drive shaft (22) has horizontal regulating plate (23), the surface of horizontal regulating plate (23) is pegged graft with the inner wall slip in hinge groove (21).
5. The support device for the excavated surface in the tunnel according to claim 4, wherein: every two of branch (1) both sides the equal fixed mounting in bottom side surface of horizontal regulating plate (23) has first spout track (24), two the inner wall of first spout track (24) all pegs graft with the surface slip of taxi guide rail (3), the bottom fixed mounting of horizontal regulating plate (23) has spacing seat (25), two the relative surface of spacing seat (25) all rotates through the bearing and is connected with round pin axle (26), the circular arc fixed surface of round pin axle (26) installs bracing piece (27).
6. The support device for the excavated surface in the tunnel according to claim 5, wherein: the bottom of bracing piece (27) has seted up slide opening (28), the inner wall of slide opening (28) slides and pegs graft and have telescopic link (29), the bottom fixed mounting of telescopic link (29) has backing plate (210), supplementary turn trough (211) have been seted up at the middle part of bracing piece (27), the inner wall of supplementary turn trough (211) rotates and is connected with runner (212), the outside circular arc surface of runner (212) is provided with the annular knurl, the circular arc surface threaded connection of the axle center inner wall and telescopic link (29) of runner (212).
7. The supporting device for the excavated surface in the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: the sliding guide rail is characterized in that two ends of the top of the supporting rod (1) are provided with limiting holes (213), limiting sliding rods (214) are inserted into the inner walls of the limiting holes (213) in a sliding mode, second sliding groove rails (215) are fixedly mounted at the tops of the two limiting sliding rods (214), and the insides of sliding grooves of the second sliding groove rails (215) are inserted into the inner walls of the sliding guide rails (3) in a sliding mode.
8. The support device for the excavated surface in the tunnel according to claim 4, wherein: drive hole (216) have been seted up at the top center of branch (1), the interior diapire fixed mounting in drive hole (216) has second cylinder (217), the telescopic shaft top of second cylinder (217) and the bottom fixed mounting of second spout track (215), the telescopic shaft circular arc surface fixed mounting of second cylinder (217) has first rack (218).
9. The support device for the excavated surface in the tunnel according to claim 8, wherein: the inner wall of one side of the driving hole (216) is provided with a conversion groove (219), the inner wall of the conversion groove (219) is in a T shape, the inner walls of two sides of one end of the conversion groove (219) are rotatably connected with a first rotating shaft (220) through bearings, the arc surfaces of the first rotating shaft (220) are fixedly provided with a first conversion gear (221), the tooth grooves of the first conversion gear (221) are meshed with the tooth grooves of a first rack (218), the arc surfaces of the two driving shafts (22) respectively penetrate through and extend to the inside of the conversion groove (219), the arc surfaces of the two driving shafts (22) are fixedly provided with driving gears (222), the inner bottom wall of the conversion groove (219) is provided with an auxiliary sliding groove (223), the inner wall of the auxiliary sliding groove (223) is inserted with a conversion tooth block (224), the surface of the conversion tooth block (224) is in a T shape, the opposite tooth grooves of two sides of the conversion tooth block (224) are respectively meshed with the tooth grooves corresponding to the driving gears (222), and the other side of the conversion tooth block (224) is meshed with the tooth grooves corresponding to the first conversion gear (221).
10. A method of supporting an excavation face supporting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising: firstly, when a tunnel is excavated, firstly excavating a rectangular strip at the central part inside the tunnel, extending towards the inside of the tunnel until a support rod (1) of the device extends into a rectangular strip-shaped groove, firstly excavating one side of the support rod (1), driving a fan-shaped support plate (4) at one side of the support rod (1) to swing after one side of the tunnel is excavated, controlling a conical positioning block (48) to extrude the inner bottom wall of the tunnel under the work of extending a first air cylinder (47), and generating reverse thrust to drive the surface of the fan-shaped support plate (4) to extrude the surface of a tunnel face to support the tunnel face;
secondly, after the tunnel face is supported, supporting operation of the top wall in the tunnel is carried out, a second air cylinder (217) extends to work, a second sliding groove track (215) at the top is driven to move upwards, meanwhile, a first rack (218) on the surface is driven to move upwards, when the first rack (218) is meshed with a tooth groove of a first conversion gear (221) upwards, a rotating force is provided for the first conversion gear (221), the first conversion gear (221) is driven to rotate forwards, the first conversion gear (221) rotates forwards and is meshed with the tooth groove of a conversion tooth block (224) on one side, the conversion tooth block (224) is driven to slide downwards on the inner wall of an auxiliary sliding groove (223), when the auxiliary sliding groove (223) slides downwards, the driving gears (222) on two sides are driven to rotate, a driving shaft (22) is controlled to rotate, and a transverse adjusting plate (23) is controlled to swing outwards to control the transverse adjusting plate (23) to be horizontally placed;
step three, after the transverse adjusting plate (23) is horizontally placed, controlling the supporting rod (27) hinged to the bottom end to swing downwards to swing vertically, driving the base plate (210) to contact with the inner bottom wall of the tunnel to extrude and support, and taking the arc supporting plate (2) to carry out inserting installation and supporting after a first chute track (24) and a second chute track (215) on one side of the supporting rod (1) are at the installation positions of the arc supporting plate (2);
and fourthly, after the tunnel excavation support at one side of the supporting rod (1) is finished, excavating the other side of the operating supporting rod (1), performing the same operation as the first step to the third step after the excavation is finished, supporting the other side of the supporting rod (1), inserting one side of the arc-shaped supporting plate (2) into the opposite surface of the supported arc-shaped supporting plate (2) in a plugging mode when the top of the other side of the supporting rod (1) is supported, inserting the other end of the arc-shaped supporting plate into the second chute track (215) in a plugging mode to perform installation support, and performing reverse operation in the same step when the support is required to be disassembled to enable the support to be collected for next use.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210934839.7A CN115324618A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Supporting device and supporting method for excavation face in tunnel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210934839.7A CN115324618A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Supporting device and supporting method for excavation face in tunnel |
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| CN115324618A true CN115324618A (en) | 2022-11-11 |
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| CN202210934839.7A Pending CN115324618A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Supporting device and supporting method for excavation face in tunnel |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117027924A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-11-10 | 山西联盛科技有限公司 | Underground safety refuge chamber |
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2022
- 2022-08-04 CN CN202210934839.7A patent/CN115324618A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117027924A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-11-10 | 山西联盛科技有限公司 | Underground safety refuge chamber |
| CN117027924B (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-12-12 | 山西联盛科技有限公司 | Underground safety refuge chamber |
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