CN115324301B - Wall surface photovoltaic system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Wall surface photovoltaic system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115324301B CN115324301B CN202211052871.9A CN202211052871A CN115324301B CN 115324301 B CN115324301 B CN 115324301B CN 202211052871 A CN202211052871 A CN 202211052871A CN 115324301 B CN115324301 B CN 115324301B
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003062 neural network model Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adamantane Natural products C1C(C2)CC3CC1CC2C3 ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
- E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
- F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a wall surface photovoltaic system and a control method thereof. The wall photovoltaic system comprises a photovoltaic bracket and a photovoltaic plate. The photovoltaic bracket comprises a plurality of bracket units which are arranged at intervals and a cross beam which is connected between the adjacent bracket units. The support unit comprises an upper cantilever beam, a lower cantilever beam, an upper photovoltaic panel fixing piece and a lower photovoltaic panel fixing piece. One end of the upper cantilever beam is connected with the wall body through a first connecting piece, and the other end of the upper cantilever beam is connected with an upper photovoltaic panel fixing piece through a first telescopic rod. One end of the lower cantilever beam is connected with the wall body through a second connecting piece, and the other end of the lower cantilever beam is connected with a lower photovoltaic panel fixing piece through a second telescopic rod. A pillar is arranged between the upper arm-stretching beam and the lower arm-stretching beam, the upper end of the pillar is connected with the upper arm-stretching beam, and the lower end is connected with the lower arm-stretching beam. The photovoltaic panel is mounted between the upper photovoltaic panel mount and the lower photovoltaic panel mount. The invention solves the problem that the traditional photovoltaic panel cannot be installed on the wall, improves the solar energy utilization rate of the building, and has the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a wall photovoltaic system and a control method thereof.
Background
The photovoltaic panel is an important new energy power generation component and can convert solar energy into electric energy. In recent years, the country advocates energy conservation and emission reduction, and encourages the utilization of solar energy resources. Traditional photovoltaic panels are often arranged on the roof of a building, and the arrangement area is limited. The daylighting area of the wall surface of the building is large, and the daylighting area is an excellent place for utilizing solar energy. Under the background of the national great popularization of carbon neutralization peak, the solar panel is arranged on the wall of the building, has wide application prospect, can greatly improve the solar energy utilization rate of the building, and is beneficial to energy conservation and emission reduction.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a wall surface photovoltaic system so that the photovoltaic panel is placed on the wall surface to improve the utilization rate of solar energy by the building.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wall surface photovoltaic system and a control method thereof, and the photovoltaic system solves the problem that a traditional photovoltaic panel cannot be installed on a wall body, improves the solar energy utilization rate of a building and has the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wall surface photovoltaic system comprises a photovoltaic bracket arranged on a wall body and a photovoltaic plate arranged on the photovoltaic bracket.
The photovoltaic bracket comprises a plurality of bracket units which are arranged at intervals and a cross beam which is connected between the adjacent bracket units; the support unit comprises an upper cantilever beam, a lower cantilever beam, an upper photovoltaic plate fixing piece and a lower photovoltaic plate fixing piece; one end of the upper cantilever beam is connected with the wall body through a first connecting piece, and the other end of the upper cantilever beam is connected with the upper photovoltaic panel fixing piece through a first telescopic rod; one end of the lower cantilever beam is connected with the wall body through a second connecting piece, and the other end of the lower cantilever beam is connected with a lower photovoltaic panel fixing piece through a second telescopic rod; a pillar is arranged between the upper arm-extending beam and the lower arm-extending beam, the upper end of the pillar is connected with the upper arm-extending beam, and the lower end of the pillar is connected with the lower arm-extending beam; the photovoltaic panel is mounted between the upper photovoltaic panel fixing piece and the lower photovoltaic panel fixing piece.
Further, the wall photovoltaic system further comprises a damping unit; the damping unit comprises a shock insulation support arranged below the lower cantilever beam and a joist arranged below the shock insulation support; the joist is connected with the wall body through an expansion bolt and a screw cap, an L-shaped connecting piece is arranged below the joist, one side face of the L-shaped connecting piece is connected with the wall body through the expansion bolt and the screw cap, and the other side face of the L-shaped connecting piece is connected with the joist.
Further, the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece have the same structure and comprise embedded pieces arranged in the wall body, anchoring pieces which are arranged on the outer side of the wall body and connected with the embedded pieces through screw rods and nuts, and connecting piece main bodies which are arranged on the outer side of the wall body and connected with the anchoring pieces; and the embedded part is provided with anchor bars.
Further, a telescopic rod III is connected between the back of the middle section of the photovoltaic panel and the support column; the two ends of the first telescopic rod, the second telescopic rod and the third telescopic rod are respectively connected with a damper; the number of the first telescopic rods and the second telescopic rods is two, and the first telescopic rods and the second telescopic rods are distributed at four end corners of the photovoltaic panel.
Further, an inclined inhaul cable component is arranged between the upper arm extending beam and the lower arm extending beam; the inhaul cable assembly comprises an upper inhaul cable and a lower inhaul cable which are connected through a viscous tensile device; the upper end of the upper inhaul cable is hinged with the first connecting piece, and the lower end of the upper inhaul cable is connected with the upper end of the lower inhaul cable through a viscous tension resisting device; the lower end of the lower inhaul cable is hinged with the joint of the support post and the lower cantilever beam.
Further, the wall surface photovoltaic system further comprises an illumination intensity detection module, a generated power detection module, a photovoltaic panel control module and a photovoltaic panel posture adjustment module.
The illumination intensity detection module is used for acquiring illumination intensity and determining whether to start the power generation power detection module and the photovoltaic posture adjustment module according to the acquired illumination intensity.
The power generation power detection module is used for detecting the current power generation power of the photovoltaic panel in real time and determining whether to start the photovoltaic panel control module according to the current power generation power.
The photovoltaic panel control module is used for determining a target attitude angle of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the target generated power by utilizing the neural network model.
The photovoltaic panel posture adjustment module is used for adjusting the telescopic lengths of the first telescopic rod and the second telescopic rod according to the target posture angle of the photovoltaic panel, so that the posture of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted.
The invention also relates to a control method of the wall photovoltaic system, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring current illumination intensity, if the current illumination intensity is larger than a preset illumination intensity threshold value, acquiring current power generation power of the photovoltaic panel, and setting target power generation power;
establishing a photovoltaic panel control model, and determining a target photovoltaic panel pose angle corresponding to the target power generation power by using the photovoltaic panel control model;
and adjusting the lengths of the first telescopic rod and the second telescopic rod to adjust the position and the posture of the photovoltaic panel to the position and the posture angle of the target photovoltaic panel.
Further, the building of the photovoltaic panel control model, the determining of the target photovoltaic panel pose angle corresponding to the target generated power by using the photovoltaic panel control model, includes:
building a photovoltaic panel control model based on a BP neural network, and building a data set F to train the photovoltaic panel control model;
and inputting the target power to a trained photovoltaic panel control model to obtain the template photovoltaic panel pose angle corresponding to the target power.
Further, the photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network comprises 5 layers, namely an input layer, a hidden layer a, a hidden layer b, a hidden layer c and an output layer in sequence;
the loss function of the photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network adopts an L2 loss function.
Further, the data set F comprises characteristic parameters and a prediction object; wherein the characteristic parameters comprise a photovoltaic panel Euler angle (alpha, beta), a solar altitude angle theta, an illumination radiation intensity R, a temperature T and a humidity M; the prediction object includes a generated power W; the solar altitude angle theta is calculated according to time and latitude;
the characteristic parameter data in the data set F are subjected to normalization processing and filtering processing, and a training set and a verification set are divided by adopting a crisscross verification method;
when the data set F is used for training the photovoltaic panel control model, the weight of the photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network is adjusted by adopting an Adam method until convergence, and the model training is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention has the characteristics of assembly, improves the installation and construction efficiency, has good structural stability and anti-seismic performance, solves the problem that the traditional photovoltaic panel cannot be installed on a wall, can adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel according to the illumination angle, can greatly improve the solar energy utilization rate of a building, and has the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction.
(2) The invention has the characteristics of assembly type by arranging the connecting pieces, namely the frameworks such as the upper cantilever beam, the lower cantilever beam, the support column, the cross beam and the like, is easy to assemble and construct, and greatly improves the construction efficiency.
(3) The invention has good anti-seismic performance by arranging the inhaul cable, the viscous anti-pulling device, the shock insulation support and the joist, and simultaneously, the photovoltaic panel can be arranged on the wall body by arranging the U-shaped photovoltaic panel fixing piece and the telescopic rod, the angle of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted, and the photovoltaic panel has certain structural strength under different angles. The invention effectively increases the illumination utilization area of the building, improves the installation area of the photovoltaic panel, and is beneficial to the utilization of solar energy resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of a photovoltaic system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a photovoltaic system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a photovoltaic system control method of the present invention.
Wherein:
1. wall, 2, reinforced concrete beam, 3, upper arm beam, 4, lower arm beam, 5, pillar, 6, telescoping rod one S1,7, telescoping rod one S2,8, telescoping rod three, 9, photovoltaic panel, 10, upper photovoltaic panel fixing piece, 11, nut, 12, screw, 13, lower photovoltaic panel fixing piece, 14, damper, 15, connecting plate, 16, upper stay cable, 17, lower stay cable, 18, viscous anti-pulling device, 19, connecting piece one, 20, nut, 21, anchor bar, 22, embedded piece, 23, screw, 24, anchor piece, 25, shock insulation support, 26, joist, 27, bolt, 28, nut, 29, L-shaped connecting piece, 30, expansion bolt, 31, crossbeam, 32, telescoping rod two T1, 33, telescoping rod two T2, 34, driven telescoping rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a wall surface photovoltaic system as shown in fig. 1 and 2 includes a photovoltaic bracket mounted on a wall body and a photovoltaic panel 9 mounted on the photovoltaic bracket.
The photovoltaic bracket comprises a plurality of bracket units which are arranged at intervals, and a cross beam 31 which is connected between the adjacent bracket units. The bracket unit comprises an upper cantilever beam 3, a lower cantilever beam 4, an upper photovoltaic panel fixing piece 10 and a lower photovoltaic panel fixing piece 13. The upper arm-stretching beam 3 and the lower arm-stretching beam 4 are steel beams. One end of the upper cantilever beam 3 is connected with the reinforced concrete beam 2 part of the wall body through a first connecting piece 19, and the other end is connected with the upper photovoltaic panel fixing piece 10 through a first telescopic rod. One end of the lower cantilever beam 4 is connected with the reinforced concrete beam 2 part of the wall body through a second connecting piece, and the other end of the lower cantilever beam is connected with a lower photovoltaic panel fixing piece 13 through a second telescopic rod. A strut 5 is arranged between the upper arm-stretching beam 3 and the lower arm-stretching beam 4, the upper end of the strut 5 is connected with the upper arm-stretching beam 3, and the lower end is connected with the lower arm-stretching beam 4; the photovoltaic panel 9 is mounted between an upper photovoltaic panel mount 10 and a lower photovoltaic panel mount 13. The upper photovoltaic panel fixing piece and the lower photovoltaic panel fixing piece are U-shaped pieces, the upper end and the lower end of the photovoltaic panel 9 are separately embedded and installed at the opening of the U-shaped pieces, and are connected with the U-shaped pieces through the screw rod 12 and the screw cap 11. Preferably, the upper end of the strut 5 is hinged with the upper arm-stretching beam 3, the lower end is connected with the lower arm-stretching beam 4 in a connecting way, the strut plays a role of increasing vertical rigidity, and the selected hinge is a member convenient for later replacement.
Further, the wall photovoltaic system further comprises a damping unit; the damping unit comprises a shock insulation support 25 arranged below the lower cantilever beam 4 and a joist 26 arranged below the shock insulation support 25; the joist 26 is connected with the reinforced concrete beam 2 part of the wall body through an expansion bolt 30 and a nut 28, an L-shaped connecting piece 29 is arranged below the joist 26, one side face of the L-shaped connecting piece 29 is connected with the reinforced concrete beam 2 part of the wall body through the expansion bolt 30 and the nut 28, and the other side face is connected with the joist 26 through a bolt 27. The earthquake wave can be generated when the earthquake happens, the building is caused to shake, and therefore the photovoltaic support is caused to shake, if the vibration is strong, the damage to the photovoltaic support can be caused, and therefore the vibration energy is necessarily counteracted by the vibration reduction unit, the vibration is weakened, and the structural safety of the photovoltaic support is guaranteed.
Further, the first connecting piece 19 has the same structure as the second connecting piece, and comprises an embedded part 22 arranged in the reinforced concrete beam 2 of the wall body, an anchoring piece 24 arranged outside the reinforced concrete beam 2 of the wall body and connected with the embedded part 22 through a screw 23 and a nut 20, and a connecting piece main body arranged outside the reinforced concrete beam 2 of the wall body and connected with the anchoring piece 24; the embedded part 22 is provided with anchor bars 21.
Further, a telescopic rod III 8 is connected between the back of the middle section of the photovoltaic panel 9 and the support column 5; two ends of the first telescopic rod, the second telescopic rod and the third telescopic rod 8 are respectively connected with a damper 14. The telescopic link one and telescopic link two play fixed stay photovoltaic board 9 to and change the effect of photovoltaic board 9 angle, and the telescopic link three 8 plays fixed stay photovoltaic board 9's effect, and telescopic link three 8 can change along with the change of photovoltaic board 9 angle, guarantees that photovoltaic board 9 is inseparable with the connection of photovoltaic support when the earthquake, can not take place to drop. The damper 14 is used for increasing a certain rotational rigidity while ensuring a rotational capability, so that a rotational angle can be controlled without causing movement of the photovoltaic panel due to self gravity or external force such as wind load, causing attitude deviation, and simultaneously ensuring stability of the photovoltaic panel during attitude adjustment and during earthquake.
Further, an inclined inhaul cable component is arranged between the upper arm extension beam 3 and the lower arm extension beam 4. The cable subassembly includes the last cable 16 and the lower cable 17 that link to each other through the anti ware that draws of viscidity 18, has guaranteed that the cable has certain tensile strength with this design, and simultaneously when taking place the earthquake, the difficult emergence of cable destroys, and the preferential emergence of earthquake energy is destroyed to the anti ware that resists of viscidity can offset, has protected the safety of photovoltaic support major structure, and the anti ware that resists of viscidity breaks simultaneously and later stage is changed easily, guarantees that the cable can continue to use, has increased repairability. The upper end of the upper inhaul cable 16 is hinged with the first connecting piece 19, and the lower end of the upper inhaul cable 16 is connected with the upper end of the lower inhaul cable 17 through the viscous anti-pulling device 18; the lower end of the lower stay rope 17 is hinged with the connection part of the strut 5 and the lower arm beam 4.
Further, the number of the first telescopic rods is two, namely the telescopic rods S1 and the telescopic rods S2. The number of the telescopic rods II is two, namely a telescopic rod T1 32 and a telescopic rod T2 33. A driven telescopic rod 34 is arranged between the first telescopic rods and the second telescopic rods respectively. The driven telescoping rod 34 can move with it as the telescoping rods one and two are adjusted. The driven telescopic rod 34 has the function of supporting the photovoltaic panel, so that the position and posture adjustment process of the photovoltaic panel is more stable.
The wall photovoltaic system further comprises an illumination intensity detection module, a generated power detection module, a photovoltaic panel control module and a photovoltaic panel posture adjustment module.
The illumination intensity detection module is used for acquiring illumination intensity and determining whether to start the power generation power detection module and the photovoltaic posture adjustment module according to the acquired illumination intensity; and under other conditions, starting the power generation power detection module and the gesture adjustment module. And the illumination intensity detection module is used for identifying illumination intensity according to the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current. Setting an illumination intensity threshold value R0, and enabling the photovoltaic panel posture adjustment module when the illumination intensity is larger than or equal to the threshold value R0; and when the illumination intensity is smaller than the threshold value R0, the photovoltaic panel posture adjustment module is closed. When the illumination intensity is weaker, the generated energy is very small, and the influence of the posture of the readjusted photovoltaic panel on the increased generated energy is very small, so that the posture adjustment module and the generated power detection module of the photovoltaic panel are closed.
The power generation power detection module is used for detecting the current power generation power of the photovoltaic panel in real time and determining whether to start the photovoltaic panel control module according to the current power generation power; and the generated power detection module is used for detecting the generated power of the photovoltaic panel in real time. The photovoltaic panel output target power W0 and the power upper threshold W1 are set so that the target power W0 does not exceed the upper threshold W1. The lower threshold value W2 of the output power of the photovoltaic panel is set so that the target power W0 is not lower than the lower threshold value W2. The target power W0 is located between the upper threshold W1 and the lower threshold W2. The power generation power detection module detects the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel in real time, and when the real-time power generation power is smaller than or larger than the target power W0, the photovoltaic panel control module is started to acquire the target attitude angle of the photovoltaic panel.
The photovoltaic panel control module is used for determining a target attitude angle of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the target generated power by utilizing the neural network model. The neural network model adopted by the photovoltaic panel control module is a photovoltaic panel control model based on BP neural network. Setting a predicted result as target power W0, calculating a photovoltaic panel attitude angle corresponding to the target power W0 by combining parameters of a solar altitude angle theta, illumination radiation intensity R, temperature T and humidity M, and adjusting the attitude of the photovoltaic panel by controlling the length and the angle of the telescopic rod to enable the real-time power generation power to reach the target power W0.
And establishing a photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network, acquiring photovoltaic panel power and corresponding photovoltaic panel attitude angle, solar altitude angle, illumination radiation intensity, temperature, humidity and other data establishment data sets in a network collection and test mode, and training the photovoltaic panel control model. And the trained photovoltaic panel attitude angle control model is used for training the photovoltaic panel control model, and the attitude angle of the photovoltaic panel is predicted according to the training result. The characteristic parameters used in the prediction are photovoltaic panel power generation power, solar altitude angle theta, illumination radiation intensity R, temperature T and humidity M are environmental parameters, wherein the attitude angles (alpha, beta) of the photovoltaic panel are parameters of the photovoltaic panel. And after model training is finished, obtaining a target photovoltaic panel pose angle by using the environmental parameters and the target power generation power, and taking the target photovoltaic panel pose angle as a model output target. The photovoltaic panel Euler angles (alpha, beta) are the attitude angles of the photovoltaic panel.
The photovoltaic panel posture adjustment module is used for adjusting the telescopic lengths of the first telescopic rod and the second telescopic rod according to the target posture angle of the photovoltaic panel, so that the posture of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted. And adjusting the posture of the photovoltaic panel by using the posture adjustment module of the photovoltaic panel, so that the posture of the photovoltaic panel reaches a target posture angle. The photovoltaic panel posture adjustment module is used for changing the photovoltaic panel power generation power to reach the target power W0 by adjusting the posture of the photovoltaic panel according to the prediction result of the photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network. And establishing a relation between the characteristic parameters of the photovoltaic panel and the generated power through a photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network, so as to predict a target pose angle according to the target generated power. And calculating the values of all characteristic parameters by setting the generated power to reach the target power, wherein the values comprise the attitude angle of the photovoltaic panel, and adjusting the attitude of the photovoltaic panel by adjusting the telescopic rod. The adjustment of the posture of the photovoltaic panel is achieved by changing the posture angle, and the capability of the photovoltaic panel for absorbing illumination radiation in the posture adjustment process can be changed, so that the generated power is affected. Parameters other than the attitude angle are environment parameters and are independent of each other, and the parameters are not changed along with the change of the attitude of the photovoltaic panel.
Starting a photovoltaic panel control model based on a BP neural network, setting a model predictive value as W, enabling W to be equal to a lower threshold value W2, and W to be E [ W2, W1], and obtaining photovoltaic panel target attitude angles alpha and beta through calculation. Starting a photovoltaic panel attitude adjustment module, controlling the lengths and angles of a first telescopic rod and a second telescopic rod according to target attitude angles alpha and beta, detecting the current power WA of the photovoltaic panel through a power generation power detection module after the attitude angle of the photovoltaic panel reaches the target attitude, increasing the value of W when WA is smaller than a lower threshold value W2, repeating the steps until the power WA epsilon [ W2, W1] is detected in real time, and stopping the attitude adjustment module and the photovoltaic panel control module.
In summary, the invention has good anti-seismic performance by arranging the guy cable, the viscous anti-pulling device, the shock insulation support and the joist, and simultaneously, the photovoltaic panel can be arranged on the wall body by arranging the U-shaped photovoltaic panel fixing piece and the telescopic rod which can be telescopic, the angle of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted, and the photovoltaic panel has certain structural strength under different angles. The invention effectively increases the illumination utilization area of the building, improves the installation area of the photovoltaic panel, and is beneficial to the utilization of solar energy resources.
The invention also relates to a control method of the wall photovoltaic system shown in fig. 3, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring current illumination intensity, if the current illumination intensity is larger than a preset illumination intensity threshold value, acquiring current power generation power of the photovoltaic panel, and setting target power generation power;
establishing a photovoltaic panel control model, and determining a target photovoltaic panel pose angle corresponding to the target power generation power by using the photovoltaic panel control model;
and adjusting the lengths of the first telescopic rod and the second telescopic rod to adjust the position and the posture of the photovoltaic panel to the position and the posture angle of the target photovoltaic panel.
Further, the building of the photovoltaic panel control model, the determining of the target photovoltaic panel pose angle corresponding to the target power by using the photovoltaic panel control model, includes:
building a photovoltaic panel control model based on a BP neural network, and building a data set F to train the photovoltaic panel control model;
and inputting the target power to a trained photovoltaic panel control model to obtain the template photovoltaic panel pose angle corresponding to the target power.
Further, the photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network comprises 5 layers, namely an input layer, a hidden layer a, a hidden layer b, a hidden layer c and an output layer in sequence;
the loss function of the photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network adopts an L2 loss function.
Further, the data set F comprises characteristic parameters and a prediction object; wherein the characteristic parameters comprise a photovoltaic panel Euler angle (alpha, beta), a solar altitude angle theta, an illumination radiation intensity R, a temperature T and a humidity M; the prediction object includes a generated power W; the solar altitude angle theta is calculated according to time and latitude;
the characteristic parameter data in the data set F are subjected to normalization processing and filtering processing, and a training set and a verification set are divided by adopting a crisscross verification method;
when the data set F is used for training the photovoltaic panel control model, the weight of the photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network is adjusted by adopting an Adam method until convergence, and the model training is completed.
According to the characteristic parameters including a photovoltaic panel Euler angle (alpha, beta), a solar altitude angle theta, illumination radiation intensity R, temperature T and humidity M, the generated power W is predicted in real time by using a photovoltaic panel control model based on a BP neural network.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the attitude and azimuth of the photovoltaic panel are measured by the attitude angle Euler of the photovoltaic panel, and three angle parameters alpha, beta and gamma in the attitude angle Euler of the photovoltaic panel are controlled by adjusting the lengths and angles of telescopic rods positioned at four corner points of the photovoltaic panel, wherein alpha, beta and gamma respectively represent the angle rotating along a horizontal axis, the angle rotating along a vertical axis and the angle rotating along a normal axis. Since the gamma angle has a small influence on the illumination receiving rate, the gamma angle is set to zero, and only alpha and beta need to be determined.
The generated power of the photovoltaic panel is greatly affected by various factors, and the characteristic parameters mainly comprise the angle (alpha, beta) of the photovoltaic panel, the solar altitude angle theta, the illumination radiation intensity R, the temperature T and the humidity M. And building a photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network, training the photovoltaic panel control model by building a data set in a network collection and test mode, and predicting the power generation of the photovoltaic panel by using the trained photovoltaic panel control model.
The first telescopic rods above the photovoltaic panel Fu Banguang are respectively a telescopic rod S16 and a telescopic rod S2 7, and the second telescopic rods below the photovoltaic panel are respectively a telescopic rod T1 and a telescopic rod T2 33. Setting the length and the angle of the telescopic rod S16 to be L1 and a1; the length and the angle of the telescopic rod S2 7 are L2 and a2; the length and the angle of the telescopic rod T1 32 are B1 and r1; the length and angle of the telescopic rod T2 33 are B2 and r2, the horizontal distance between the telescopic rod S16 and the telescopic rod S2 7 is G, and the vertical distance between the telescopic rod S16 and the telescopic rod T1 32 is H.
The principle of adjusting the attitude angle (Euler angle) of the photovoltaic panel by adjusting the length and the angle of the first telescopic rod and the second telescopic rod is as follows:
wherein:
τ 1 ＝[L 1 cos(a 1 )+L 2 cos(a 2 )]/2
τ 2 ＝[B 1 cos(r 1 )+B 2 cos(r 2 )]/2
υ 1 ＝[L 1 sin(a 1 )+L 2 sin(a 2 )]/2
υ 2 ＝[B 1 sin(r 1 )+B 2 sin(r 2 )]/2
wherein,
μ 1 ＝[L 1 cos(a 1 )+B 1 cos(r 1 )]/2
μ 2 ＝[L 2 cos(a 2 )+B 2 cos(r 2 )]/2
in summary, after the target power of the photovoltaic panel is determined, the pose angle of the photovoltaic panel is predicted by using the neural network model, and then the angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the target pose angle by adjusting the telescopic length of the telescopic rod.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A wall photovoltaic system which is characterized in that: the photovoltaic support is arranged on the wall body, and the photovoltaic panel is arranged on the photovoltaic support;
the photovoltaic bracket comprises a plurality of bracket units which are arranged at intervals and a cross beam which is connected between the adjacent bracket units; the support unit comprises an upper cantilever beam, a lower cantilever beam, an upper photovoltaic plate fixing piece and a lower photovoltaic plate fixing piece; one end of the upper cantilever beam is connected with the wall body through a first connecting piece, and the other end of the upper cantilever beam is connected with the upper photovoltaic panel fixing piece through a first telescopic rod; one end of the lower cantilever beam is connected with the wall body through a second connecting piece, and the other end of the lower cantilever beam is connected with a lower photovoltaic panel fixing piece through a second telescopic rod; a pillar is arranged between the upper arm-extending beam and the lower arm-extending beam, the upper end of the pillar is connected with the upper arm-extending beam, and the lower end of the pillar is connected with the lower arm-extending beam; the photovoltaic panel is arranged between the upper photovoltaic panel fixing piece and the lower photovoltaic panel fixing piece;
the wall photovoltaic system further comprises a damping unit; the damping unit comprises a shock insulation support arranged below the lower cantilever beam and a joist arranged below the shock insulation support; the joist is connected with the wall body through an expansion bolt and a screw cap, an L-shaped connecting piece is arranged below the joist, one side face of the L-shaped connecting piece is connected with the wall body through the expansion bolt and the screw cap, and the other side face of the L-shaped connecting piece is connected with the joist;
an inclined inhaul cable component is arranged between the upper arm extending beam and the lower arm extending beam; the inhaul cable assembly comprises an upper inhaul cable and a lower inhaul cable which are connected through a viscous tensile device; the upper end of the upper inhaul cable is hinged with the first connecting piece, and the lower end of the upper inhaul cable is connected with the upper end of the lower inhaul cable through a viscous tension resisting device; the lower end of the lower inhaul cable is hinged with the joint of the support post and the lower cantilever beam.
2. A wall surface photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece have the same structure and comprise embedded pieces arranged in the wall body, anchoring pieces which are arranged on the outer side of the wall body and connected with the embedded pieces through screw rods and nuts, and connecting piece main bodies which are arranged on the outer side of the wall body and connected with the anchoring pieces; and the embedded part is provided with anchor bars.
3. A wall surface photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a telescopic rod III is connected between the back of the middle section of the photovoltaic panel and the support column; the two ends of the first telescopic rod, the second telescopic rod and the third telescopic rod are respectively connected with a damper; the number of the first telescopic rods and the second telescopic rods is two, and the first telescopic rods and the second telescopic rods are distributed at four end corners of the photovoltaic panel.
4. A wall surface photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wall photovoltaic system also comprises an illumination intensity detection module, a generated power detection module, a photovoltaic panel control module and a photovoltaic panel posture adjustment module;
the illumination intensity detection module is used for acquiring illumination intensity and determining whether to start the power generation power detection module and the photovoltaic posture adjustment module according to the acquired illumination intensity;
the power generation power detection module is used for detecting the current power generation power of the photovoltaic panel in real time and determining whether to start the photovoltaic panel control module according to the current power generation power;
the photovoltaic panel control module is used for determining a target attitude angle of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the target generated power by utilizing the neural network model;
the photovoltaic panel posture adjustment module is used for adjusting the telescopic lengths of the first telescopic rod and the second telescopic rod according to the target posture angle of the photovoltaic panel, so that the posture of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted.
5. The control method of a wall surface photovoltaic system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring current illumination intensity, if the current illumination intensity is larger than a preset illumination intensity threshold value, acquiring current power generation power of the photovoltaic panel, and setting target power generation power;
establishing a photovoltaic panel control model, and determining a target photovoltaic panel pose angle corresponding to the target power generation power by using the photovoltaic panel control model;
and adjusting the lengths of the first telescopic rod and the second telescopic rod to adjust the position and the posture of the photovoltaic panel to the position and the posture angle of the target photovoltaic panel.
6. The method for controlling a wall surface photovoltaic system according to claim 5, wherein the building a photovoltaic panel control model, and determining the target photovoltaic panel pose angle corresponding to the target generated power by using the photovoltaic panel control model comprises:
building a photovoltaic panel control model based on a BP neural network, and building a data set F to train the photovoltaic panel control model;
and inputting the target power to a trained photovoltaic panel control model to obtain the template photovoltaic panel pose angle corresponding to the target power.
7. The method for controlling a wall surface photovoltaic system according to claim 6, wherein the photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network comprises 5 layers, namely an input layer, a hidden layer a, a hidden layer b, a hidden layer c and an output layer in sequence;
the loss function of the photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network adopts an L2 loss function.
8. The method for controlling a wall surface photovoltaic system according to claim 6, wherein: the data set F comprises characteristic parameters and a prediction object; wherein the characteristic parameters comprise a photovoltaic panel Euler angle alpha and beta, a solar altitude angle theta, an illumination radiation intensity R, a temperature T and a humidity M; the prediction object includes a generated power W; the solar altitude angle theta is calculated according to time and latitude;
the characteristic parameter data in the data set F are subjected to normalization processing and filtering processing, and a training set and a verification set are divided by adopting a crisscross verification method;
when the data set F is used for training the photovoltaic panel control model, the weight of the photovoltaic panel control model based on the BP neural network is adjusted by adopting an Adam method until convergence, and the model training is completed.
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