CN115323291A - Low-temperature storage heat treatment method for aluminum alloy castings - Google Patents
Low-temperature storage heat treatment method for aluminum alloy castings Download PDFInfo
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- CN115323291A CN115323291A CN202210762160.4A CN202210762160A CN115323291A CN 115323291 A CN115323291 A CN 115323291A CN 202210762160 A CN202210762160 A CN 202210762160A CN 115323291 A CN115323291 A CN 115323291A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment method for castings, in particular to a low-temperature storage heat treatment method for aluminum alloy castings. The technical problems that when the aluminum alloy castings with a large quantity in the same batch are subjected to heat treatment, the aluminum alloy castings are prone to natural aging along with the increase of the waiting correction time, the correction difficulty is increased, the production efficiency is reduced, the mechanical properties of the castings are affected, or the castings are prone to cracking and scrapping during correction are solved. The invention relates to a low-temperature storage heat treatment method for an aluminum alloy casting, which comprises the following steps of: step 1) carrying out solid solution treatment on aluminum alloy castings in batches at the same time, and then cooling to room temperature in a water cooling mode; step 2) placing the aluminum alloy casting into box equipment with the temperature of minus 25 ℃ to minus 15 ℃ for low-temperature storage; step 3) taking out the aluminum alloy castings in the box body equipment one by one for correction; and 4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the corrected aluminum alloy casting, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to finish the heat treatment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment method for castings, in particular to a low-temperature storage heat treatment method for aluminum alloy castings.
Background
Most of the structural members of the aerospace products adopt aluminum alloy castings. In order to achieve the purpose of reducing weight, the wall thickness is thinner (1 mm-3 mm) when the structural part is designed, and in order to improve the mechanical property of the casting and meet the use requirement, the casting needs to be subjected to solid solution and aging treatment before use.
The heating temperature of the casting in the solid solution process is above 500 ℃, and the casting is rapidly cooled by water after the heat preservation time is more than 8 hours. The process causes deformation and size out-of-tolerance of thin-wall castings. At present, the method for solving the problems of deformation and size out-of-tolerance of thin-wall castings caused by the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: after the solid solution treatment, manually beating and correcting the deformed area of the casting by adopting the wooden hammer.
When the method is adopted to correct the batch of aluminum alloy castings, the following problems mainly exist: 1) In the correction process, because the duration of the correction process is long, the parts can have natural aging, when the number of people is limited, all aluminum alloy castings in the same batch cannot be corrected in a short time, and aluminum alloy castings which are not corrected in time have natural aging, so that the correction difficulty is increased, and the production efficiency is low. Taking heat treatment of thin-wall aluminum alloy castings as an example, 3 people in each team and group need to carry out manual correction to ensure the size of the castings, and the maximum number of heat-treated parts in each furnace is 6. 2) The retention time of the casting at room temperature is not more than 2 hours, otherwise, the natural aging effect is obvious, the strength of the part is increased, the plasticity is reduced, and the casting is easy to generate stress cracking during manual correction. 3) The part is naturally aged in the correction process, and if the time is too long, the state of the material is influenced, so that the structure and the performance are changed. The factors influencing the strength and the plasticity of the casting are mainly natural aging, and the elements such as Cu, mg and the like inside the casting are diffused to form a GP zone, so that the strength of the casting is improved, and the plasticity is reduced. In particular by diffusionThe coefficient formula explains: d = D 0 exp (-Q/RT), wherein: d 0 Q is the diffusion constant, R is the gas constant, and T is the thermodynamic temperature. As can be seen from the diffusion coefficient formula, the diffusion coefficient D has an exponential relationship with the temperature T, and the diffusion is severe with the temperature rise. Therefore, when the part is corrected immediately after solid solution, the temperature of the part is higher, and elements such as Cu, mg and the like in the casting are diffused to form a GP zone, so that the strength of the part is increased, the correction difficulty is increased seriously, and the correction production efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the heat treatment state of aluminum alloy castings is changed and natural aging is easy to occur along with the increase of waiting time of aluminum alloy castings which are not corrected in time when batch thin-wall aluminum alloy castings are subjected to heat treatment, so that the correction difficulty is increased, the production efficiency is reduced, the mechanical property of the castings is influenced, or the castings are easy to crack and scrap due to the improvement of the strength and the reduction of the plasticity of the castings, so that the aluminum alloy castings are subjected to low-temperature storage heat treatment.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the low-temperature storage heat treatment method for the aluminum alloy casting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1) carrying out solid solution treatment on aluminum alloy castings in batches at the same time, and then cooling to room temperature in a water cooling mode;
step 2) putting the aluminum alloy casting subjected to the solution treatment in the step 1 into box equipment at the temperature of-25 ℃ to-15 ℃ for heat preservation storage for no more than 4 hours to wait for subsequent correction treatment;
step 3) taking the aluminum alloy castings stored in the step 2 in a heat preservation way out of the box body equipment one by one for correction, and ensuring that the aluminum alloy castings in the same batch are completely corrected within 4 hours;
and 4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy casting corrected in the step 3, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling manner to finish the heat treatment process.
Further, in step 2), the temperature in the tank apparatus was-20 ℃.
Further, all the aluminum alloy castings after the solution treatment are taken out within 10min and put into box equipment with the temperature of minus 25 ℃ to minus 15 ℃ for heat preservation and storage.
Further, in the step 2), the box body equipment is a cryogenic box.
Further, in the step 1), when the aluminum alloy casting is cooled by water, the aluminum alloy casting enters water in a water entering mode in a mode of minimum contact area.
Further, in the step 2), the cooling speed of the box body equipment is 2-3 ℃/min.
Further, in the step 1), the solid solution treatment is to simultaneously feed the aluminum alloy castings into an aluminum alloy solid solution furnace in batches, heat the aluminum alloy castings to 515 ℃ and preserve heat for 10 hours.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
1) The aluminum alloy casting which cannot be corrected in time after solid solution is placed in a cryogenic box at the temperature of-25 ℃ to-15 ℃ for low-temperature storage, the solid solution state of the aluminum alloy casting is reserved, natural aging is avoided, the plasticity of the aluminum alloy casting is good, the correction difficulty is reduced, the correction quality is guaranteed, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy casting is not influenced, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the production efficiency can be improved to 6.7 times of that of the original mode.
2) The invention relates to a low-temperature storage heat treatment method for an aluminum alloy casting, which is characterized in that the casting after solid solution is placed in a deep cooling box at a temperature of between 25 ℃ below zero and 15 ℃ below zero, so that the maximum time of the casting in a solid solution state is 4 hours, the time for keeping the solid solution state of the casting is prolonged, and the part waiting for correction is not easy to generate natural aging.
3) According to the low-temperature storage heat treatment method for the aluminum alloy casting, a cryogenic box with the low temperature of-25 ℃ to-15 ℃ is preferably adopted through a large amount of practical experience, because the energy consumption is large in the production process at the too low temperature, the production efficiency is low, and the too low temperature easily influences the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy casting, so that the aluminum alloy casting possibly cannot meet the use requirements; the strength of the aluminum alloy casting is increased due to the excessively high temperature, the plasticity is reduced, the correction difficulty is increased, even the casting is corrected, cracked and scrapped, and the mechanical property of the solid-solution aluminum alloy casting is influenced.
4) The low-temperature storage heat treatment method for the aluminum alloy casting is characterized in that the whole process flow is optimized, the water entry mode of the aluminum alloy casting is adjusted to be the minimum contact mode, the stress area of the aluminum alloy casting in the water entry process is reduced, the deformation of the aluminum alloy casting in the cooling process is reduced, and the correction process of the aluminum alloy casting is more efficient.
5) The invention relates to a low-temperature storage heat treatment method for an aluminum alloy casting, wherein the cooling speed of box body equipment is 2-3 ℃/min. The slower the temperature rise rate, the more stable the part state is maintained.
6) According to the low-temperature storage heat treatment method for the aluminum alloy casting, the requirements on the appearance and the size of the aluminum alloy casting are not high, a tool needs to be machined when the traditional casting is subjected to solution treatment, and the method does not need an additional tool and can be used for simultaneously carrying out the solution treatment on the castings in batches.
7) The low-temperature storage heat treatment method for the aluminum alloy casting has the advantages of simple and convenient operation process, no need of additional working procedures, no need of special equipment and technical means, and production time and cost saving.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a low-temperature storage heat treatment method for an aluminum alloy casting, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1) carrying out solid solution treatment on aluminum alloy castings in batches at the same time, and then cooling to room temperature in a water cooling mode;
step 2) placing the aluminum alloy casting which is not corrected in time before natural aging is generated after the solution treatment in the step 1 into a box body at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ to minus 15 ℃ for heat preservation storage for no more than 4 hours to wait for subsequent correction treatment; the heat preservation time can be according to the processing speed of aluminum alloy casting correction, and the aluminum alloy casting can be taken out from the box body at any time during correction, but the heat preservation time is 4 hours at most, and the aluminum alloy casting still can have natural aging beyond the time, so that the performance is affected.
Step 3) taking the aluminum alloy castings stored in the heat preservation step 2 out of the box equipment one by one for correction, and ensuring that all aluminum alloy castings in the same batch are corrected within 4 hours;
and 4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy casting corrected in the step 3, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to finish the heat treatment process.
The present invention will be described in detail by examples.
Example 1
Step 1) feeding aluminum alloy castings into an aluminum alloy solution furnace simultaneously in batches, heating to 515 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, carrying out solution treatment, cooling to room temperature by adopting a water cooling mode, and ensuring that the aluminum alloy castings enter water in a minimum contact area mode;
step 2) placing the aluminum alloy casting which is not corrected in time before natural aging is generated after the solution treatment in the step 1 into a deep cooling box with the temperature of-20 ℃ for heat preservation storage for 4 hours in 10min to wait for subsequent correction treatment, wherein the cooling speed of the deep cooling box is 2-3 ℃/min;
step 3) taking the aluminum alloy castings stored in the step 2 in a heat preservation way out of the box body equipment one by one for correction, and ensuring that the aluminum alloy castings in the same batch are completely corrected within 4 hours;
and 4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy casting corrected in the step 3, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to finish the heat treatment process.
Example 2
Step 1) simultaneously feeding aluminum alloy castings into an aluminum alloy solution aging furnace in batches, heating to 515 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, carrying out solution treatment, and then cooling to room temperature in a water cooling mode to ensure that the aluminum alloy castings enter water in a minimum contact area mode;
step 2) placing the aluminum alloy casting which is not corrected in time before natural aging is generated after the solution treatment in the step 1 into a deep cooling box with the temperature of-15 ℃ for heat preservation storage for 4 hours in 10min to wait for subsequent correction treatment, wherein the cooling speed of the deep cooling box is 2-3 ℃/min;
step 3) taking the aluminum alloy castings stored in the heat preservation step 2 out of the box equipment one by one for correction, and ensuring that all aluminum alloy castings in the same batch are corrected within 4 hours;
and 4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy casting corrected in the step 3, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to finish the heat treatment process.
Example 3
Step 1) feeding aluminum alloy castings into an aluminum alloy solution aging furnace simultaneously in batches, heating to 515 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, carrying out solution treatment, cooling to room temperature by adopting a water cooling mode, and ensuring that the aluminum alloy castings enter water in a minimum contact area mode in a water entering mode;
step 2) placing the aluminum alloy casting which cannot be corrected before natural aging after the solution treatment in the step 1 into a deep cooling box with the temperature of-25 ℃ for heat preservation storage for 4 hours in 10min to wait for subsequent correction treatment, wherein the cooling speed of the deep cooling box is 2-3 ℃/min;
step 3) taking the aluminum alloy castings stored in the step 2 in a heat preservation way out of the box body equipment one by one for correction, and ensuring that the aluminum alloy castings in the same batch are completely corrected within 4 hours;
and 4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy casting corrected in the step 3, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to finish the heat treatment process.
According to the method, a large number of verifications show that after the aluminum alloy casting is subjected to solution treatment, all aluminum alloy castings in a solid solution state are taken out within 10min and transferred to a deep cooling box at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ to minus 15 ℃ for storage, the method can ensure that the aluminum alloy castings are in the solid solution state within 4 hours at the longest, and the aluminum alloy castings are taken out from the deep cooling box one by one for correction during correction, so that each aluminum alloy casting can be ensured to be in the solid solution state in the correction process, the plasticity of the aluminum alloy casting is good, and the correction difficulty is reduced. Compared with the traditional correction method, the method can greatly improve the correction production efficiency of the aluminum alloy casting, and is illustrated by comparing a group of data as follows: when the traditional method is adopted, 3 persons are arranged in each group, manual correction is needed to ensure the size of the aluminum alloy casting, and the maximum number of heat-treated parts in each furnace is 6; after the method is adopted, 3 people per team and 40 aluminum alloy castings can be heat treated every time, and the production efficiency is improved to 6.7 times of that of the original mode.
Further, the formula D = D according to the diffusion coefficient 0 exp (-Q/RT), wherein D 0 Is normally done for diffusion; q is diffusion activation energy; r is a gas constant; t is the thermodynamic temperature, and it can be seen that the diffusion coefficient D and the temperature T are in an exponential relationship and increase with the temperature increase; a large amount of vacancies can be formed in the cast aluminum alloy in a solid solution state, atoms such as Cu, mg and the like in the aluminum alloy migrate at room temperature, and GP zones are formed at the vacancies, so that the strength of parts is increased, the correction difficulty is increased in the subsequent correction process, and the castings are easy to deform and crack. According to the principle, the diffusion coefficient D is reduced by reducing the thermodynamic temperature T of the solid solution state aluminum alloy, the formation of GP zones is inhibited, the casting keeps a solid solution state, the plasticity of the casting is not reduced, and the later correction is facilitated.
Comparative example 1
Step 1) feeding aluminum alloy castings into an aluminum alloy solution aging furnace simultaneously in batches, heating to 515 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, carrying out solution treatment, cooling to room temperature by adopting a water cooling mode, and ensuring that the aluminum alloy castings enter water in a minimum contact area mode in a water entering mode;
step 2) putting the aluminum alloy casting which is not corrected in time before natural aging is generated after the solution treatment in the step 1 into a deep cooling box with the temperature of-10 ℃ in 10min for heat preservation storage for 4 hours to wait for subsequent correction treatment, wherein the cooling speed of the deep cooling box is 2-3 ℃/min;
step 3) taking the aluminum alloy castings stored in the step 2 in a heat preservation way out of the box body equipment one by one for correction, and ensuring that the aluminum alloy castings in the same batch are completely corrected within 4 hours;
and 4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy casting corrected in the step 3, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to finish the heat treatment process.
Comparative example 2
Step 1) simultaneously feeding aluminum alloy castings into an aluminum alloy solution aging furnace in batches, heating to 515 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, carrying out solution treatment, and then cooling to room temperature in a water cooling mode to ensure that the aluminum alloy castings enter water in a minimum contact area mode;
step 2) placing the aluminum alloy casting which is not corrected in time before natural aging is generated after the solution treatment in the step 1 into a deep cooling box at the temperature of minus 30 ℃ for heat preservation storage for 4 hours within 10 minutes to wait for subsequent correction treatment, wherein the cooling speed of the deep cooling box is 2-3 ℃/min;
step 3) taking the aluminum alloy castings stored in the step 2 in a heat preservation way out of the box body equipment one by one for correction, and ensuring that the aluminum alloy castings in the same batch are completely corrected within 4 hours;
and 4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy casting corrected in the step 3, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to finish the heat treatment process.
Meanwhile, the mechanical property test is respectively carried out on the aluminum alloy castings after the heat preservation storage for 4 hours under the conditions of low temperature of-20 ℃, 10 ℃ (comparative example 1) and-30 ℃, and the mechanical property test is compared with the mechanical property parameters of the solid solution aluminum alloy castings which are not subjected to low temperature treatment after the solid solution treatment and meet the use requirements under the state of no natural aging, and the mechanical property parameters are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of mechanical properties
| Serial number | Casting state | Intensity sigma b | Elongation percentage |
| 1 | Solid solution state | 295MPa | 5.7％ |
| 2 | Solid solution state + (-10 ℃) X4h | 300MPa | 5％ |
| 3 | Solid solution state + (-20 ℃) X4h | 291MPa | 6％ |
| 4 | Solid solution state + (-30 ℃) X4h | 283MPa | 6.3％ |
As can be seen from the table, after the solid solution aluminum alloy casting is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, the strength and the elongation are equivalent to those of the solid solution casting, and meanwhile, the performance meets the use requirement. When the temperature is-30 ℃, the solid solution state of the solid solution state aluminum alloy casting can be maintained, but the energy consumption in the production process is large, the production efficiency is low, the strength and the plasticity are different from those of the solid solution state aluminum alloy casting meeting the use requirements, and the mechanical property of the solid solution state aluminum alloy casting is possibly influenced. After the solid solution aluminum alloy casting is kept at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ for 4 hours, the strength of the solid solution aluminum alloy casting is increased, the plasticity is reduced, the correction difficulty is increased, even the casting is corrected, cracked and scrapped, and the mechanical property of the solid solution aluminum alloy casting is correspondingly influenced, so that the temperature range selected by the method can keep the solid solution state of the aluminum alloy casting without influencing the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy casting.
In addition, compared with the traditional method, each aluminum alloy casting needs to be clamped by a tool before solution treatment, the aluminum alloy casting is subjected to solution treatment along with the tool, and the tool is high in production cost and long in period. The aluminum alloy casting does not need to be clamped by a tool, so that the design and the processing of the tool are reduced, the cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
The invention has strong universality, can be used for correction in the heat treatment of aluminum alloy castings with any structures, and is particularly suitable for correction of large-batch aluminum alloy castings.
Claims (7)
1. The low-temperature storage heat treatment method for the aluminum alloy casting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1) carrying out solid solution treatment on aluminum alloy castings in batches at the same time, and then cooling to room temperature in a water cooling mode;
step 2) putting the aluminum alloy casting subjected to the solution treatment in the step 1 into box equipment at the temperature of-25 ℃ to-15 ℃ for heat preservation storage for no more than 4 hours to wait for subsequent correction treatment;
step 3) taking the aluminum alloy castings stored in the step 2 in a heat preservation way out of the box body equipment one by one for correction, and ensuring that the aluminum alloy castings in the same batch are completely corrected within 4 hours;
and 4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy casting corrected in the step 3, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to finish the heat treatment process.
2. The low temperature storage heat treatment method of aluminum alloy castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2), the temperature in the box equipment is-20 ℃.
3. The low-temperature storage heat treatment method for aluminum alloy castings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: all the aluminum alloy castings after the solution treatment are taken out within 10min and put into box equipment with the temperature of minus 25 ℃ to minus 15 ℃ for heat preservation and storage.
4. The low temperature storage heat treatment method of aluminum alloy castings according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step 2), the box body equipment is a cryogenic box.
5. The low-temperature storage heat treatment method for the aluminum alloy castings according to claim 4, wherein: in the step 1), when the aluminum alloy casting is cooled by water, the water enters in a mode of minimum contact area.
6. The low temperature storage heat treatment method for aluminum alloy castings according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step 2), the cooling speed of the box body equipment is 2-3 ℃/min.
7. The low-temperature storage heat treatment method for the aluminum alloy castings according to claim 6, wherein: in the step 1), the solid solution treatment is to simultaneously feed the aluminum alloy castings into an aluminum alloy solid solution furnace in batches, heat the aluminum alloy castings to 515 ℃ and preserve heat for 10 hours.
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| CN114346717A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-15 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Fixture combination for controlling machining deformation of single-side slotted thin-wall waveguide cavity |
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2022
- 2022-06-29 CN CN202210762160.4A patent/CN115323291A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109468559A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-15 | 山东省科学院新材料研究所 | A kind of preparation method of high-performance magnesium-alloy extrudate |
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| CN113263279A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-17 | 北京科技大学 | Method for improving performance of heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint |
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Application publication date: 20221111 |